Analysis and Interpretation of Pakistani Poet and writer Daud Kamal -writing style of poet and selective poems of Daud kamal - REPRODUCTION AND THE STREET OF NIGHTINGALES
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Analysis and Interpretation of Pakistani Poet and writer Daud Kamal -writing style of poet and selective poems of Daud kamal - REPRODUCTION AND THE STREET OF NIGHTINGALES
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
Taufiq Rafat as a poet,writing style ,themes and subjects of his poetry.pptxNajma Ejaz
Taufiq Rafat was a Pakistani poet who gained recognition for his distinct writing style and unique exploration of various themes in his poetry. He was born on June 8, 1927, in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, and passed away on August 2, 1998.
Writing Style:
Taufiq Rafat is known for his experimental and innovative approach to poetry. He broke away from traditional forms and structures and embraced a more modernist and surrealistic style. His poetry often featured vivid and imaginative imagery, intricate wordplay, and a blending of traditional and contemporary elements. Rafat's writing was marked by a deep sensitivity to the natural world and a keen observation of everyday life.
Themes:
Rafat's poetry touched upon a wide range of themes and subjects. Some of the recurring themes in his work include:
1. Nature: Rafat had a deep appreciation for nature and often drew inspiration from its beauty and transformative power. He portrayed the natural world as a source of solace, reflecting on its seasons, landscapes, and elements.
2. Identity and Culture: Rafat explored the complexities of identity and the cultural context of his homeland, Pakistan. He delved into the cultural heritage, traditions, and societal norms, questioning and reevaluating them through his poetry.
3. Love and Relationships: The themes of love, longing, and relationships featured prominently in Rafat's work. He explored the various dimensions of human emotions, including passion, desire, and heartbreak.
4. Social Issues: Rafat also touched upon social issues prevalent in Pakistani society, such as inequality, poverty, and political unrest. His poetry often offered critical commentary on these issues, urging for change and justice.
Biography:
Taufiq Rafat completed his education in Lahore, Pakistan, and went on to work as a lecturer in English literature at a college in Rawalpindi. He contributed to various literary journals and magazines and gained recognition for his unique poetic voice. Rafat's work was appreciated both within Pakistan and internationally, and he was regarded as a prominent figure in contemporary Urdu poetry. His poems have been translated into English and other languages, allowing a wider audience to appreciate his work.
Taufiq Rafat's writing style, with its experimental approach and vivid imagery, set him apart from his contemporaries. His exploration of diverse themes and subjects, from nature and culture to love and social issues, showcased his versatility as a poet. Despite his relatively short life, Rafat's poetry continues to be celebrated for its literary merit and contribution to Urdu literature.
THIS THE THEORY OF OGDEN AND RICHARDS ON THE MEANING. it extract from their book of meaning of meaning. in which they discussed about the semantics triangle.
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
organization behavior full project 2018 osaleem0123
organization behavior full project 2018
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes publishes fundamental research in organizational behavior, organizational psychology, and human cognition, judgment, and decision-making. The journal features articles that present original empirical research, theory development, meta-analysis, and...
This journal has partnered with Heliyon, an open access journal from Elsevier publishing quality peer reviewed research across all disciplines. Heliyon’s team of experts provides editorial excellence, fast publication, and high visibility for your paper. Authors can quickly and easily transfer their research from a Partner Journal to Heliyon without the need to edit, reformat or resubmit.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
Taufiq Rafat as a poet,writing style ,themes and subjects of his poetry.pptxNajma Ejaz
Taufiq Rafat was a Pakistani poet who gained recognition for his distinct writing style and unique exploration of various themes in his poetry. He was born on June 8, 1927, in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, and passed away on August 2, 1998.
Writing Style:
Taufiq Rafat is known for his experimental and innovative approach to poetry. He broke away from traditional forms and structures and embraced a more modernist and surrealistic style. His poetry often featured vivid and imaginative imagery, intricate wordplay, and a blending of traditional and contemporary elements. Rafat's writing was marked by a deep sensitivity to the natural world and a keen observation of everyday life.
Themes:
Rafat's poetry touched upon a wide range of themes and subjects. Some of the recurring themes in his work include:
1. Nature: Rafat had a deep appreciation for nature and often drew inspiration from its beauty and transformative power. He portrayed the natural world as a source of solace, reflecting on its seasons, landscapes, and elements.
2. Identity and Culture: Rafat explored the complexities of identity and the cultural context of his homeland, Pakistan. He delved into the cultural heritage, traditions, and societal norms, questioning and reevaluating them through his poetry.
3. Love and Relationships: The themes of love, longing, and relationships featured prominently in Rafat's work. He explored the various dimensions of human emotions, including passion, desire, and heartbreak.
4. Social Issues: Rafat also touched upon social issues prevalent in Pakistani society, such as inequality, poverty, and political unrest. His poetry often offered critical commentary on these issues, urging for change and justice.
Biography:
Taufiq Rafat completed his education in Lahore, Pakistan, and went on to work as a lecturer in English literature at a college in Rawalpindi. He contributed to various literary journals and magazines and gained recognition for his unique poetic voice. Rafat's work was appreciated both within Pakistan and internationally, and he was regarded as a prominent figure in contemporary Urdu poetry. His poems have been translated into English and other languages, allowing a wider audience to appreciate his work.
Taufiq Rafat's writing style, with its experimental approach and vivid imagery, set him apart from his contemporaries. His exploration of diverse themes and subjects, from nature and culture to love and social issues, showcased his versatility as a poet. Despite his relatively short life, Rafat's poetry continues to be celebrated for its literary merit and contribution to Urdu literature.
THIS THE THEORY OF OGDEN AND RICHARDS ON THE MEANING. it extract from their book of meaning of meaning. in which they discussed about the semantics triangle.
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
organization behavior full project 2018 osaleem0123
organization behavior full project 2018
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes publishes fundamental research in organizational behavior, organizational psychology, and human cognition, judgment, and decision-making. The journal features articles that present original empirical research, theory development, meta-analysis, and...
This journal has partnered with Heliyon, an open access journal from Elsevier publishing quality peer reviewed research across all disciplines. Heliyon’s team of experts provides editorial excellence, fast publication, and high visibility for your paper. Authors can quickly and easily transfer their research from a Partner Journal to Heliyon without the need to edit, reformat or resubmit.
Indian writing in English: A Brief Study of some Indian Female English Writersijtsrd
English Language was introduced in India during British rule. Indians learned this colonial language and some Indian writers started writing in English. The first book written by an Indian in English was by Sake Dean Mahomet titled " Travels of Dean Mahomet " published in 1793. From that date that date the trend of English writing remained continue and today note male but female writers have made their own field. Female writers made their contribution through great novels poetry and prose. The paper provides a brief introduction of the writings and is based on secondary sources Hasina Jabeen"Indian writing in English: A Brief Study of some Indian Female English Writers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-1 , December 2016, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5883.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/5883/indian-writing-in-english-a-brief-study-of-some--indian-female-english-writers/hasina-jabeen
Middle East Asian LITerature........................hakkhoop
Literature, a boundless realm of human expression, weaves tales that transcend time. Characters breathe, landscapes unfurl, emotions dance on pages. With each word, authors mold worlds, provoke thoughts, and ignite imaginations. In letters, ink whispers secrets, reveals truths, and mirrors the human condition. Through literature, we explore, dream, and find solace.
What is Literature?
Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.
Literature Of Jammu & Kashmir
The literature of Kashmir dates back to many centuries and it revolves mainly around three languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Kashmiri besides Urdu, Hindi, and other languages.
Jammu Kashmir has a very rich literary history as it has contributed a lot to the field of literature and produced eminent poets and writers. Works of Kashmiri writers have been accolade internationally.
The dawn of Kashmiri literature started 2500 years back when it started with Sanskrit and other languages. However, original literature in the Kashmiri language started 750 years ago.
The literature began with the work of
three main poets: –
Srikanth
Lalla Ded
Sheikh Noor-ud-Din
ShitiKanth’s prime work Mahayana Prakash is a graceful composition.
It was written in Twelfth-Century and consists of 94 lakhs each followed by translation and explanation in Sanskrit.
The greatest poet of the Kashmiri language so far is LalDed. She is the most abiding influence on Kashmiri literature.
She and her contemporary, Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani have become famous literary icons in Kashmir. People have engulfed them in a great moss of myth and legend.
Sheikh was a missionary who used poetry as a medium of individual and social reform. Another rhetorical poetess, who used to sing her own verse, was HabbaKhaatoon, the wife of Mughal Emperor Yousuf Shah Chak.
Kashmir has a rich legacy of literary writers who contributed a lot to the world of literature. The following list of poets who accolade globally and won many awards.
This statement on the passing of Ehsan Yarshater on 2 September 2018 was issued jointly by the Ehsan Yarshater Center for Iranian Studies of Columbia University in the City of New York, the Persian Heritage Foundation, and
the Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation on 4 September 2018 in New York City; it is also available on the website of the Encyclopaedia Iranica at http://www.iranicaonline.org/pages/prof-yarshater-joint-stmnt
Comparative literature in India an Overview of an It's History AnjaliTrivedi14
This Presentation is about one article by Subha Chakraborthy Dasgupta which is about "Comparative Literature in India an Overview of its History".
this is a group task.
The Islamic world has witnessed the emergence of great number of Muslim scholars. The names of those who made positive contributions are mentioned till to these days. The poet-philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal is one of those great scholars who have left a legacy behind to be followed by other scholars particularly in the area of how to deal with the West. His own reconciliatory
approach in dealing between the West and the Islamic world should be an interesting one. Within the confines of this paper, the researcher would like to explore and analyze the life, works and mission of Iqbal, focusing on his philosophical approach to Muslim ummah.
The Islamic world has witnessed the emergence of great number of
Muslim scholars. The names of those who made positive
contributions are mentioned till to these days. The poet-philosopher
Allama Muhammad Iqbal is one of those great scholars who have
left a legacy behind to be followed by other scholars particularly in
the area of how to deal with the West. His own reconciliatory
approach in dealing between the West and the Islamic world should
be an interesting one. Within the confines of this paper, the
researcher would like to explore and analyze the life, works and
mission of Iqbal, focusing on his philosophical approach to Muslim
ummah.
The Islamic world has witnessed the emergence of great number of Muslim scholars. The names of those who made positive contributions are mentioned till to these days. The poet-philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal is one of those great scholars who have left a legacy behind to be followed by other scholars particularly in the area of how to deal with the West. His own reconciliatory approach in dealing between the West and the Islamic world should be an interesting one. Within the confines of this paper, the researcher would like to explore and analyze the life, works and mission of Iqbal, focusing on his philosophical approach to Muslim ummah.
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1. Assignment of Pakistani Literature
Submitted to: - M’am Namra
Submitted by: - Nadia Anum
Department: - B.S English
Roll no: - 57
Semester: - 8th
G,C Women University Sialkot
2. Table of Contents
S.no page no
Introduction 1
Pakistani Literature
Muneeza Shamsie 2
Life & Career
Contribution in Pakistani Literature
Tariq Rehman 3
Life & Career 4
Contribution in Pakistani Literature
5
Conclusion 6
4. Pakistani Literature:-
The nature of Pakistani literature soon after
independence aroused controversy among writers due to its being centre
heavily on the negative events related to the independence movement.
According to Gilani Kamran GC University, Pakistani literature was
expected to take a new direction along with the new state of Pakistan at
this point, but did not immediately meet this expectation. Saadat
Hassan Manto , a prominent writer of short stories of the South Asia,
produced great literature out of the events relating to the India-Pakistan
independence. His literature is considered to be progressive in its tone
and spirit. According to several critics it had not only evolved its own
identity, but also had played a significant role in documenting the
hardships and hopes of Pakistan in the latter part of the 20th century.
Today, Pakistani literature has taken a shape of its own by depicting the
complex class system and common man. It also has evolved in merging
Urdu literary forms and English literature leading to experimentation.
Many writers of fiction borrow from English and vice versa.
Pakistani literature's main official platform is the Pakistan Academy of
Letters whose work is overseen by a Board of Governors
Muneeza Shamsie:-
Muneeza shamsie is a pakistani
writer, critic, literary journalist, and editor. She is author of a literary
history "Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani English
Literature" (Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2016) and is the
Bibliographic Representative of “'The Journal of Commonwealth
Literature.”' She is on the International Advisory Board of 'The Journal
of Postcolonial Writing' and has guest edited its Special Issue Volume
47 Issue 2, 2011: Beyond Geography: Literature, Politics and Violence
5. in Pakistan. She is on the Advisory Committee of the DSC Prize for
South Asian Literature and served as a 2013 jury member. From 2009-
2011 she served as regional chair (Eurasia) for the Commonwealth
Writers Prize.
She is editor of three pioneering anthologies of Pakistani English
literature, of which the US edition of 'And the World Changed
Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women" received the Gold IPPY
award and the Bronze Foreword Award in the United States Her memoir
essays have appeared in "50 Shades of Feminism" edited by Lisa
Appignanesi, Rachel Holmes and Susid Orbach (Virago, 2013), 'Moving
Worlds, Postcolonial South Asian
She is daughter of Jahanara Habibullah (the author of a memoir),
Zindagi Ki Yadein: Riyasat Rampur Ka Nawabi Daur and niece of
Attia Hosain, noted English femini)st and writer. Her daughter is the
Pakistani novelist kamila Shamsie.
Life & Career:-
Muneeza Shamsie was born in Lahore, Pakistan and
educated in England at the Wispers School. She is the daughter of the
writer Jahanara Habibullah.
Shamsie is a regular contributor to the Dawn newspaper, as well as the
Herald and Newsline magazines on literary affairs. She is also on the
editorial board of the Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies.
Shamsie's most significant works are her compilations of the works of
some Pakistani authors writing in English.
Contribution in Pakistani literature:-
6. Muneeza
Shamsie has also contributed to several other scholarly publications,
including Archiv fur der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen,
Commonwealth Essays and Studies and the online The Literary
Encyclopedia, and The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century
Fiction.
Shamsie is a regular contributor to the Dawn newspaper, as well as the
Herald and Newsline magazines on literary affairs. She is also on the
editorial board of the Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies.
Shamsie has spoken about Pakistani English literature at many literary
forums, conferences, and seminars. Her short fiction has appeared in
various anthologies, The Toronto Review, and Nephra. She is a founding
member of Karachi hospital the Kidney Centre and Life member of
the Association of Children with Emotional and Learning Problems
(ACELP). She also taught music and mime at ACELP's school, as a
volunteer in the 1970s.
Shamsie's most acclaimed works are her compilation of the works of
Pakistani authors writing in English. The American edition of her third
anthology And The World Changed: Contemporary Stories by
Pakistani Women was published with an expanded introduction and new
headwords by The Feminist Press at CUNY and won several awards,
including the 2009 IPPY (Independent Publisher of the Year) Gold
Award and the 2008 Foreword Magazine Book of The Year Bronze
Award – both for the best anthology by an independent publisher.
1. A Dragonfly in the Sun: An Anthology of Pakistani Writing in
English (1997)
2. Leaving Home: Towards A New Millennium: A Collection of
English Prose by Pakistani Writers (2001)
3. And The World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani
Women (2005)
7. 4. And The World Changed: Contemporary Stories by Pakistani
Women (2008)
Muneeza Shamise is currently working on a history of Pakistani
English Literature and there are her favourite books:
Burnt Shadous by Kamila Shamsie;
The English patient by Michael Ondaatje;
Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys;
The Ghost Road Trilogy by Pat Barker;
Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie;
Tariq Rehman:-
Tariq Rahman is presently an associate professor
of linguistics at the National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam
University, Islamabad. He did his master’s and Ph. D from the
University of Sheffield in English Literature. Later, he also studied
Linguistics in Glasgow. Dr. Tariq Rahman is a renowned Pakistani
linguist and literary figure who has produced a number of research
papers and literary writings. He is a man of international repute. He is
also the first to write a linguistic description of Pakistani English as
well as the first history of Pakistani Literature.
His first collection of short stories were The Legacy and Other Short
Stories . Work and Other Short Stories is his second collection of stories
written between 1982 and 1988. Most of the stories in this collection
preserve the narrative style of the last century; but the concerns and
8. themes are contemporary. Stories are symbolic as well as contain
symbols in them.
As far as the purpose of the stories is concerned Tariq Rahman says,
‘my purpose is to communicate thought and experience or to create a
world of microcosm’.
For these reasons, one cannot cover up one’s tracks and if there is
obscurity in the stories, it is due to the same approach and purpose
adopted by Tariq Rahman. Although, the writer says, ‘I am not genius’.
He has tried to combine beauty and wisdom in these stories and has been
successful to some extent.
Life & career:-
Tariq Rahman is a great personality and
Pakistani academic, columnist and intellectual. Currently based in
Lahore, Pakistan. He is author of many books and other publications;
mainly in the field of linguistics He has been awarded several national
and international awards to recognize his research and scholarly work.
He was born in Barelly (U.P.) in India on 4 February 1949. The family
moved to Pakistan in 1951. His father, Sami Ullah Khan, served as the
head of the mathematics department at the Pakistan Military Academy
in kalkul near Abbotabadd.
He joined the academia as an associate professor in the English
Department of Peshawar university in 1985. In 1987, he became
professor and head of the English Department in the university of Azad
Jammu and Kashmir in Muzaffabad where he introduced linguistics.
In 1989, he also got an M.Litt in linguistics from the university of in
Glasgow. In 1990, he joined the National Institute of Pakistan Studies.
In 2004, he was given the title of National Distinguished Professor by
the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. In the same year he was
awarded the pride of performance for research.
9. Contribution in Pakistani Literature:-
To write from Hindi to Urdu: a
Social and Political History, he travelled to some of the major cities in
Pakistan and four countries: England, France, Germany and India. He
studied sources in Urdu, Persian, and Hindi. He also got works in
Chagatai Turkish, French and German translated for himself. He
learned the Devanagari script on his own and Persian at the Khana-e-
Farhang in Rawalpindi at the age of 58.
He has also published three collections of short stories and has edited
two books. His research-based published work is mostly on
sociolinguistic history, language and politics and educational linguistics
with focus on the Muslims of north India and Pakistan. He has also
written more than 94 articles in scholarly journals, 12 entries in
reference books, 10 encyclopedias articles, 35 chapters in books and
many book reviews. In addition to Oxford University Press, Karachi, his
books have been published by Orient Blackswan in India. On 14
August 2013 the Sitara-e-Imtiaz was given to him. Civil awards of this
kind are considered a great honor in Pakistan and are conferred by the
President on 23 March the following year.
He is also an important columnist and a literary critic. He has
commented extensively on Pakistani literature in English. He is a liberal
humanist who asserts the desirability of democracy, peace and tolerance
as well as the rights of women, minorities and the working classes and
peasantry in Pakistan. This makes him one of the few Pakistani
intellectuals who advocate such values in a traditional male-dominating
society moving increasingly towards intolerance and belligerence.
1. The legacy by Tariq Rehman
2. Language and politicians in Pakistan by Tariq Rehman
3. Pakistani universities by Tariq Rehman
4. A History of Pakistani English literature by Tariq Rehman
10. 5. Bingo short story by Tariq Rehman
6. From Hindi to Urdu, a social and political history by Tariq
Rehman
7. Language Education and Culture by Tariq Rehman
8. The History of Urdu-Unglish Controversy in Pakistan by Tariq
Rehman
9. A History of Pakistan Literature by Tariq Rehman
The Third Leg and Other short stories by Tariq Rehman
Conclusion:-
Muneeza shamsie and Tariq Rehman is the great
pioneers of Pakistani Literature, whose contribution in Pakistani
Literature can’t be ignored .Tariq Rehman is a liberal humanist who
asserts the desirability of democracy, peace and tolerance as well as the
rights of women, minorities and the working classes and peasantry in
Pakistan. Muneeza shamise is still working on the History of Pakistani
English literature.