Pakistani literature took shape after independence but did not initially meet expectations of depicting the new state. Writers like Saadat Hassan Manto documented the hardships of partition through short stories. Today, Pakistani literature depicts the complex class system and common experiences through merging English and Urdu forms. Muneeza Shamsie and Tariq Rehman have significantly contributed to Pakistani literature through compiling anthologies of Pakistani authors and researching the history and development of Pakistani English literature. Both continue to advocate for democratic values and social justice through their literary works and research.

1. PAKISTANI LITERATURE

2. Pakistani literature
 The nature of pakistani literature soon after independance aroused
controversy among writers due to its being centre heavily on the negative
events related to independence movement.
 According to Gilani kamran GC university, Pakistani literature was expected
to take a new direction along with the new state of pakistan at this point, but
did not immediately meet this expectation.Saadat Hassan Manto, a
prominent writer of short stories of south Asia, produced great literature out
of events related to the India-Pakistan independance.
 His literature is considered to be progressive in its tone and spirit. According
to several crities it had not only evolved its own identity, but also had played
a significant role in documenting the hardships and hopes of pakistan in the
lattar part of 20th century.

3. Pakistani literature
 Today, Pakistani literature has taken a shape of its own bydepicting the
complex class system and common man.it alse have evolved in merging
Urdu literature form and english literature to experimentation.Many writers of
fiction borrow from english anf vice versa.
 pakistani literature's main official platfrom is the pakistani Academy of letters
whose work is overseen by board of governors.

4. Muneeza Shamsie
Muneeza shamsie is the pakistani writers,critic,literary, journalist, and editor.
She is auther of literary history “Hybrid Tapestries: The development of
Pakistani English literature”(oxford University Press,forthcoming 2016) and is
the bibliographic Representative of “The journal of commonwealth
literature”.she is on the International Advisory Board of “the journal of
postcolonial Writing and the guest edited its special Issue volume 47 Issue 2,
2011:Beyond Geogarphy:Literature,politics and violence in pakistan.
she is on Advisory committee of the DSC priza for south Asia literature and
served as a 2013 jury member.From 2009-2011 she served as regionalchair
(Eurasia) for the commonwealth writers priza.

5. Muneeza Shamsie
She is editor of three pioneering anthologies of pakistani English Literature, of
which the US edition of “ And the world changed contemporary stories of
pakistani women” received the gold IPPY award and the bronze foreword
award in the US.
Muneeza shamsie was born in Lahore, Pakistan and ducated in England at the
Wispers School.

6. Contribution in Pakistani Literature
Muneeza shamsie has also comtributed to several other scholarly publications,
including Archiv fur der neueren Sprachen und Literatureen, Commwealth
Essays and studies and the online the literary Encyclopedia, and the
blackwell,Encyclopedia of 20th century fiction.
Shamsia has spoken about pakistani English literature at many literary
forums,conferences and seminars.Her short fiction has appeared in various
anthologies, The Toronto Review, and Nephra.She is a founding member of
Karachi hospital the kidney centre and life member of Association of children
with emotional and learning problem.
Shamsia's most acclaimed works are her compilation of the works of pakistani
authors writing in Enhlish. the American edition of her third anthology and the
world change: contemporary stories by Pakistani Women was published with .

7. Contribution in Pakistani Literature
an expanded introduction and th new headwords by The feminist Press at
CUNY and won several awards.
Muneeza Shamsie is currently working on the history of Pakistani English
Literature and there are her favouritebooks:
• Burnt Shadous by kamila Shamsia;
• The English patient by Michael Ondaatje;
• Wide Sargasso Sea Jean Rhys;
• The Ghost Road Trilogy by Pat Barker;
• Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie;

8. Tariq Rehman
Tariq Rehman is presently an associate professor of linguistics at the national
Institute of Pakistan studies,Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad.He did his
master's and Ph.D from University of Sheffield in English Literature. Later,he
also studied Linguist in Glasgow.Dr.Tariq Rehman is a renowned Pakistani
liguist and literary figure who has produced a number of research paper and
literary writings.He is a man of international repute.He is also the first to write a
linguistic description of Pakistani English as well as th efirst history of Pakistani
Litareture.
His first collection of short stories were The legacy and other short Stories.
works on other short stories in his second collection of stories written between
1982 and 1988.Most of the stories in this collection preserve the narrative style
of the last century: but the concerns and themes are contemporary.

9. Tariq Rehman
As far as the purpose of stories is concerned Tariq Rehman says :”My purpose
is to communicate thought and experience or to create a world of microcosm.”
For these reasons, one cannot cover up one's track and if there is obscurity in
the stories, it is due to the same approach and purpose adopted by Tariq
Rehman.Although, the writers says,'l am not genius'.He has tried to combine
beauty and wisdom in these stories and has been successful to some extent.

10. Life & Career
• He was born in Barelly (U.P) in India on 4 February 1949.The family moved
to Pakistan in 1951.His father Sami Ullah Khan, served as the head of
mathematics department at the Pakistan Military Academy in Kalkul near
Abbotabadd.
• He joined the academia as an associate professor in th English department
of Peshawar university in 1985.In 1987,he became professor and head of
English deptatment in university of Azad jammu and kashmir in Muzaffbad
where he introduced linguistics.In1989, he also got an M.L.itt in linguistics
from the university of Glasgow.In1990,he joined the National Institute of
Pakistan studies. In 2004, he was the given title of National Distinguished
professor by the higher education commission of Pakistan.In the same year
he was awarded the pride of performance for research.

11. Contribution in Pakistani Literature
To write from hindi to urdu: a Social and Political History ,he travelled to some of
major cities in Pakistan and four countries:England,France.Germany and
India.He studies sources in Urdu, Persian and Hindi.He also got works in
Chagatai Turkish,french and German translated for himself.He learned the
Devanagari script on his own and persian at the Khana-e-Farhang in
Rawalpindi at the age of 58.
He has also published three collections of short stories and had edited
2books. His research-based published work is mostly on sociolinguistics
history,language and politics and educational linguistics with focus on Muslims
of north India and Pakistan.He also written more than94 articles in scholarly
journals,12 entries in reference books,10 encyclopedias articles,35 chapters in
books and many books reviews.In addition to Oxford University Press,

12. Contribution in Pakistani Literature
Karachi ,his book have been published by Orient Blackswan in India.On 14
August 2013 the Sitara-e-Imtiaz was given to him.Civil awards of this kind are
considered a great honor in Pakistan and are conferred by the president on 23
March the followiny year.
He is also an important columnist and a literary critic.Has has commented
extensively on Pakistani Literature in English.He is a liberal humanist who
asserts the desirability of democracy,peace and tolerance as well as the right of
women, minorities and the working classes and peasantry in Pakistan.This
makes him one of the few Pakistani intellectuals who advocate such value in a
traditional male-dominating society moving increasingly towards intolerance
and belligerence.

13. Contribution in Pakistani Literature
• The legacy by Tariq Rehman
• Language and politicians in Pakistan by Tariq Rehman
• Pakistani universities by Tariq Rehman
• A history of Pakistani English literature by Tariq Rehman
• Bingo short story by Tariq Rehman
• From hindi to urdu a social and political history
• language and cultures

14. Conclusion
Muneeza Shamsia and Tariq Rehman is the great pioneers of Pakistani
literature,whose contribution in Pakistani literature can'n be ignored .Tariq
Rehman is a liberal humanist who asserts the desirability of democracy , peace
and tolerance as well as the right of women,minorities and the working classes
and peasantry in Pakistan.Muneeza Shamsia is still working on the history of
Pakistani English Literature.

15. PAKISTANI LITERATURE
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