The document analyzes different types of media including leaflets, instruction manuals, how-to guides, and factual journalism. It examines the text to image ratios, typography, language, accuracy, and adherence to codes of various examples. For each media type, it assesses visual and written elements and considers the intended audience. The analysis finds that images effectively support the text in each example and formatting is used strategically to guide the reader's attention.

1. Task 1
Aby Jones

2. Leaflets This form of media: Leaflets, are often a mixture of
copy and images, in this case the text to picture ratio
is more on the writing side. The pictures are there to
further explain what the copy is trying to get across,
for example: in the ‘Breeding Machines’ section they
say, ‘Breeding mothers are often forced to have litters
back to back until their bodies can no longer cope…’
they then show an image of a female dog suffering
from these conditions. They’ve also used other
photographs of dogs that have been found and saved
by the organization, which is used to have an almost
empathetic effect on the reader, they utilize these
images to enthuse people to join their campaign.
Typography is important in any
form of media, in this case they
have used bold, bright, easy to
read, upper case writing against
another eye catching colour to
draw the attention of the viewer
to the important parts of the text
– they have done this for all of the
headers and even the title using
the colours: red and white.
I feel like they have used these
colours to attract the viewers
attention – red signifies danger or
a cry for help so the reader can’t
help but to pay attention to it.
Small, red text is used when
explaining what’s going on in a
photograph whereas they’ve used
green, bold writing (a calm, safe
colour) when explaining what it is
their campaign does and how the
reader can help.
Although red usually means
danger, I don’t think they’ve used
the colour for this particular
example, it seems they have just
used it because it’s a bright colour
that draws more attention.
The information within the copy is easy to
understand, they’ve been quit concise when
explaining what it is that their campaign aims to do –
they get the point across without using large,
confusing words.
From the information they’ve given, including the
statistics (screenshot of data in the top right) makes
the overall campaign a lot more believable. They also
give information in the, ‘Our Campaign’ about all of
the different ways they’ve tried to get their point
across. They also don’t particularly name drop, but
they give precise details of what goes on in the ‘How
puppies are distributed’ section.
They leave no room for ambiguity as they explain
everything on point with no, ‘I think, probably or
possibly’ everything they say seems to be fact, for
example, ‘Here are just a few ways puppies are
distributed after being battery farmed:…’ rather than
saying, ‘these are some possible ways…’ and so on.
The product has a mixture of formal and informal
register within the text for example, ‘It’s not a pretty
sight’ is quite informal especially for a leaflet whereas
the whole section on how puppies are distributed is
quite well written and formal in comparison.
The writers do clearly explain the issues and their
opinions but I’m not sure who they are aiming their
argument at, in some places, such as the ‘How
puppies are distributed’ and the, ‘breeding machines’
sections they seem to be aiming their argument at the
people who do these things to these dogs and leave
them in the conditions some are found in, but in the,
‘making the right choice’ section, they seem to be
aiming the blame at you, the reader because of the
advice and tips they’re handing out. Because of this
they don’t really leave much room for argument
which in turn, makes the whole text seem sort of bias,
-Because of the actual argument
itself, it doesn’t seem like there is
any reason for the people who
leave these animals in such a state
deserve to have an opinion or a
reverse argument as the evidence
is pretty overwhelming to any of
the points or arguments that the
other people would make,
therefore this time I don’t see this
writing as bias.
There isn’t actually a lot of quotes
from sources, the only thing I’d
say they’ve borrowed is the
statistic photograph which has no
referenced sources.

3. Leaflets
Looking at the ASA guidelines for animals in ads, I think the only codes
of practice that would really apply to this one at all is about showing
animals in distress – this is clearly what the writers are trying to get
across to the reader and they explain why it’s wrong and give helpful
information on looking after animals, therefore I doubt the ASA would
have any kind of problem with the use of these pictures – they are also
similar to photographs used in advertisements for charities such as:
Dogs Trust and the RSPCA which clearly show dogs in distress or ill
conditions.

4. Instructional
Manual
Instructional manuals have a step by step layout to
help the reader clearly understand the directions
given, they are also a mixture of copy and images.
With this particular example, the text to picture ratio
seems to be more on the picture side, there is very
little writing in comparison and considerably less text
compared to the leaflet. The illustrations appear to
be hand drawn and aid the reader when it comes to
the operating instructions – it does this by showing
clearly what the text is explaining – there’s even
labeling around the illustrations to further
emphasize what the text is talking about.
The typography used in this
example is quite interesting,
especially in comparison to the
leaflet, there is a definite lack of
colour however certain areas text
still manage to stick out.
Bolding parts of the text such as the
title, ‘Batman Batmobile’,
‘Operating instructions’ and the
numbers for each step, this draws
the viewers attention straight to it
so they find what they’re looking
for a lot easier, even the step by
step text seems to be bold in
comparison to the label text.
Because of the different variations
of text (in size or font) it’s very easy
to read – because the font is quite
chunky and large, the reader finds
that the text is aimed at a certain
target audience, in this case,
children.
Not only is the text clear and easy to read but it is
also simple and concise, keeping instructions and
words to a minimum which again shows me that the
product is aimed at children.
There is definite accuracy within the text, there is a
lack of statistics however everything is on point and
the illustrations help to emphasize that.
There is no ‘possibly, maybe, probably’ everything is
a clear instruction with the expected outcome, i.e.
Press down on fender panels to reveal two Fender
Blasters.
The text overall is quite informal, this is because it’s
being aimed at children rather than older audiences
who would be able to read and interpret intricate
words that children cant, the whole text also seems
to be very simple and straight to the point rather
than a long explanation, for example: ‘Press down on
back of Blasters to hide them again.’
The only thing I’d really consider as a source in this
particular product would probably be the Batman
and creator logo and it’s definitely quoted as it
comes directly from the source.
It seems to me that the writers have taken in to
consideration the fact that the toy is for children,
therefore they haven’t put anything harmful to a
child's moral, mental or physical state – this shows
me they have taken in to consideration the codes of
practice set up by organizations such as the ASA.

5. How to Guide
How to guides are a lot like Instructional manuals,
they follow the same principle and they both share
the step by step format.
With this particular example, there is a larger picture
to text ratio than both the instructional manual and
the leaflet, the diagrams are clear to understand and
some of them even include text to help get the point
across; the illustrations appear to be hand drawn.
Again the illustrations are there to help explain what
the text is trying to say, a lot like the instructional
manual, the design seems more heavily dependant
on images.
There is significantly less text in ‘how
to guides’ in comparison to other
forms of media.
The typography in this particular
example is quite hard to comment
on due to the lack of text. The title,
‘Musgo Graffiti’ and the step by step
numbers are larger and bolder than
the rest of the text on the page and
darker against the background, they
do this to attract the readers
attention directly to the important
parts of text, the numbers make it
easier for the reader to follow.
The fact that there is a lack of colour
in the text leads me to believe that
the creator of the product is trying to
directly the draw the attention to
the illustrations rather than the
writing, especially as the text that
gives instructions to the reader is
small, regular and limited in word
choice.
The work is definitely easy to understand, the
instructions are straight to the point and concise, for
example: ‘Add buttermilk.’ I believe they have done
this to make it a lot easier for the reader to follow out
the tasks they are given, they illustrations also play a
part in this.
There are a lot of precise measurements both in the
text and within the illustrations, this further proves
my point about the instructions being simple, it also
means the information perceived by the reader is
accurate.
I feel it would be quite hard for a how to guide to
include ambiguity – this one definitely doesn’t, there
are no, ‘possibly, maybes’ within this text.
Because the instructions are so simple and concise, it
makes the text sound informal.
I don’t think there are any particular codes of practice
that how to guides would particularly have to follow
other than ensuring that all language is clean and
ensuring that each task given to the reader will not
cause any harm mentally or physically when carrying
out the instructions.

6. Factual Journalism
This particular form of media, a lot like Leaflets, is a
mixture of both images and text, in this example the
text to picture ratio is a lot more lenient towards text,
this is to further exaggerate points they are trying to
make within the actual text, the diagram shows the
amount of money the NHS could be saving by changing
their ideals to the suggested points in the text,
because it’s labeled, someone who hasn’t read the
text could probably deduce it’s meaning, this makes it
a very good diagram.
The creator of the article has also added in quite an
aesthetic photograph of medical equipment which
draws the attention of the reader, it tells them what
the article is about prior to actually reading it, in this
case it’s medicine.
Bolding has been used to make certain parts of the text
stand out against the rest, for example the title: ‘NHS
wastes over £2bn a year on unnecessary or expensive
treatments’, the name of the author is also in bold
compared to the rest of the text on the page. They’ve
also used a change of colour within the text to highlight
important parts, for example: quotes, ‘The Royal
Liverpool University…’ They have also changed the -
- Text colour when it came to the annotations underneath
photographs or in this form of media, the title – they changed the
colour to a light grey which still draws the attention of the reader
as it’s different from the darker, bolder text. They have also
ensured to use a consistent, easy to read font.
The text is generally quite easy to read and understand, the
diagrams also assist with this, however I wouldn’t say it’s
particularly concise – there are quite long, intricate explanations
that younger audiences probably wouldn’t understand.
They have definitely used accuracy within this example, because
they’ve quoted and used direct links to other health care clinics as
examples, especially creating their own diagram makes it
completely believable and accurate.
They definitely avoid ambiguity, there is no ‘probably, maybe, I
think or possibly’ everything is factual and straight to the point,
this further proves the accuracy.
There is a little bit of bias in this piece, however because the
points are so strongly supported and it’s an actual issue that other
members of the medical profession have gotten involved with, I
don’t think the other side of the story really matters, it would
probably make it a better piece if they included some of the NHS’
quotes and opinions it would probably make the overall thing a
better piece.
I think the language used in this example is very formal in
comparison to the how to guide and the instructional manual in
that it’s not made up of entirely short sentences and simple
instructions, this article has long explanations and examples,
much like the leaflet.
If there is anything that was quoted in this article it would be from
the previously quoted source, for example: ‘Academy of Medical
Royal Colleges (AoMRC) – when talking about something they
need to quote, they refer to them as, ‘the Academy.’
If any of the statements that have been made within this article
are false accusations against the NHS, it would be a case of libel –
especially as they would be potentially troubling for the NHS’
reputation. But as the points are supported with quotes, there
wouldn’t actually be a case.
The article follows the NUJ codes of conduct by: informing the
public trough the right of freedom of expression, information is
honestly conveyed, accurate and fair, does nothing to intrude in
to anybody's private life, grief or stress, protects the individual
identities of sources who supply information, takes no unfair
personal advantage of information gained, produces no material
to lead to hatred or discrimination and avoids plagiarism.