Factual Writing Task 1 Different products

1. Factual Writing
Task 1
Alisha Harrison

2. Leaflets
Leaflets are created to provide information to the public about events or things that
are happening leaflets are made in specific ways for that event to make the public
interested, for example they use clarity which is making the work clear and easy to
understand and this leaflet uses clarity as it has text in rows and columns.
Typography is also an important device when creating leaflets because you need
to think about this in order to get the message across clearer and make the most
important bits of information stand out the choice of font that has been used in this
leaflet is all the same the only thing that makes it different is the boldness and colors
used, and this has been done to make certain parts of the information stand out more
than others for example in green bold text it says “ we also offer” this needs to stand
out as its informing people and telling people they can get help if they need it. I also
like the color choice of green because it makes me think of positivity and sensitiveness
which also makes me think that the typography has been well thought about in order
to create this leaflet.
Conciseness: ensuring you use as few words as possible to keep it simple.
I can see that this leaflet doesn't’t contain lots and lots of information but it contains
just enough in order to help someone get help or receive the information they need to
gain help.
With the whole conciseness I think the creator of this leaflet did not really think about
it because there is a lot of text on it but then again to use pictures to talk about young
careers is quite hard so I suppose they had to write a bit on in order to inform people.

3. Accuracy: Ensuring that what is written is correct, when creating this leaflet the person who created it would
have had to find true facts and information as well as true statistics because there are some in this leaflet and
information like this has to be true it cant be false because its to inform and help people so if its false people may
get the wrong help or not getting the help they are supposed to be getting.
Avoiding ambiguity: Making sure there is no room for interpretation by presenting clear information rather
than vagueness or uncertainty.
I think in this leaflet they haven't avoided ambiguity because it includes rhetorical questions for people to answer
them selves as their own interpretation.
Bias: This means being more in favor of one thing than another and factual writing should avoid bias but it can be
hard because stuff like leaflets for example need to support ideas and avoid evidence that does not and I think in
leaflet I don’t think its bias as such but it does give the public to speak more freely and answer questions about
been a young adult career.
Register: The language used for a particular purpose in in a particular social setting, in this leaflet the language
is formal and that’s because it’s to advise and inform people about been a career and if they are in need of help
they can get the help they need and to do this it has to be formal otherwise no body would bother to read it.
This also has to be formal because often adults read these in order to help a young career. It this leaflet was
informal people wouldn't really know where to go for help or advice as it wouldn't be as easy to understand.

4. Evidencing of argument: Clearly explaining the issues at hand and the different opinions involved.
When the consumer picks this leaflet up they will straight away see that its either addressed to them or isn’t
because it specifically says “Young adult careers” the topic is already introduced before the consumer turns the
page and sees the content within the leaflet. There isn’t any opinions or quotes in this as the information is
informing and advising and has to be true, this leaflet doesn't’ really state any issues its more to help provide
people with information and advice there aren't two sides to it other than it’s providing people with information to
get help if they need it.
Referencing sources: Ensuring that information taken from elsewhere is clearly labelled and quotes are
correctly attributed.
This leaflet does not contain any quotes or information that has been taken from somewhere else.
Legal constraints: issues of libel, contempt of court and gagging orders could apply particularly in journalism.
Checking and proof reading the information within this leaflet is a key thing when providing information for young
people who have responsibilities.
Codes of practice: NUJ codes, editors code of practice or ASA guidelines and trading standards. I don’t think
this leaflet falls into subject with the NUJ or editors codes of practice but it may however come into the ASA
because this product is not being directly sold.
Clarity: this leaflet in particular uses a clear and clean layout, it gives you relevant information but it isn’t
crowded with loads and loads of text, instead its separated into sections which allows the reader to look at the
specific sections that they need or want to look at.

5. Instruction manual
Instruction manuals need to be organized and the information must be correct on them
otherwise they would be false and may cause problems for example if it was an instruction
manual of how to put a desk together it cant be wrong otherwise the desk wouldn't be right
and may break and not be as good as said to be as the instruction manual is wrong.
Typography: This is very important when creating something like this because it needs
to be accurate and correct, and certain parts of information may need to stand out more as
some parts are more important than others especially with an instruction manual, because
like I have said previously if its wrong its not going to be good for the customer and the
customer would be sending it back but really all that’s wrong is the instruction manual not
the actual thing that you build from it.
Conciseness: I don’t think this applies to instruction manuals because I don’t
think they can be shortened down in words because instructions need to be proper
and real instructions and easy to understand,
Accuracy: The accuracy of an instruction manual needs to be very accurate,
instruction manuals cant include false information because instructions are
important because if the person who bought the item with the instructions they
would be sending it back if it was wrong or didn’t look like it was supposed to
because the instructions are wrong.

6. Avoiding ambiguity: The obvious purpose of an instruction manual is to tell the consumer how to use or set
up a certain product, all instruction manuals are ambiguous or fit the description according to the dictionary
definition. Companies who make the product and the manuals to go with them only have one way of putting the
product together therefor you can only interpret it one way which makes all instruction manuals to be accurate
e.g. ambiguous.
Bias: There is no way an instruction manual can possibly be bias, companies can however say that their products
are the best but their instruction manuals wont because the information within them needs to be accurate and
truthful.
Register: On all instruction manuals the companies who make the products tend to use a simple lexis not
because of their audience or demographics but because it makes it easier to follow the instructions because there
clear. Having loads of text could confuse the consumer and they may not be able to follow them as instructed.
Referencing sources: However similar to the young adult careers leaflet, this is telling the consumer their
own information for example it could be an instruction manual to go with a product for example a set of draws so
its that company's or producers own information that has not been taken from anywhere else.

7. Evidencing of argument: This is irrelevant to this factual writing form because there are no opinions
involved because its an instruction manual its telling the consumer how to do something for example put a set of
draws together and there cant be opinions on that.
Clarity: Because this instruction manual is in black and white not many features of the actual instructions
manual are clear the images stand out more than text because there's no colour and bits of it that are important
can be hard to suss out because of there been no colour at all.
Legal Restraints: Most factual pieces of writing need all the information to be checked and corrected if
needs be, however there wont be any legal constraints the consequences to getting information wrong on the
instruction manuals wont be as detrimental compared to other factual pieces such as the leaflet I have analysed
previous, where if something isn’t accurate and there is false information it could lead to people getting stressed
and doing something wrong because the leaflet is informing them and its wrong so therefor the consumer could
get into trouble due to false information been advertised on a leaflet, however this is not the case for instruction
manuals because there giving instructions on how to do something.
Codes of practice: Because this piece of factual writing isn’t a piece of journalism its not in breach of the
ASA or the NUJ because its not relevant to them as its just purely for giving instructions on how to do something.
The only code of practice that this instruction manual needs to follow is the trading standards codes because it
will be sold on the market and consumers will buy it perhaps along side a product.

8. Magazines
Conciseness: This particular newspaper the sun like to keep concise in their
stories and keep it to brief details about the overall story which however can lead to
parts of the story been missed out and therefor untold. They do this to make the
story more interesting for the consumer. The headline is bold and short and straight
to the point this is to keep the consumer interested and make people buy this
product.
Clarity: This particular magazine keeps its text to a minimum including the
stories on the inside it is restricted to key details and important bits of information
only. This is to entice the suns viewership. The sun tend to use short stories with
loads of images and not much copy and make room for the headline and picture
which usually sells the newspaper. However this is not the case for all newspapers
for example the times and the telegraph which have fewer images in and more text
because there more informal.
Accuracy: The accuracy of the suns newspaper are not accurate in fact they are
highly inaccurate. And have been in breach of the NUJ codes way more times than
any other newspaper on the market.

9. Avoiding ambiguity: The suns newspapers always use facts but not statistics which could be interpreted
as ambiguous however the media distributer goes through all the facts but doesn’t come to a conclusion which
instead leaves the consumer to make their own mind up on the story.
Bias: The sun newspaper have tended to back the labour party in politics and have printed them in a good way
and other party's and representatives in a bad press. This has led to the NUJ interjecting and deciding weather
the paper was in breach of libel gagging order to breach of embargo.
Register: social economic class status and geodemographic research support the understanding that a CD2E
demographic are most likely to read this newspaper. Which means that the register on the stories will be
informal which also means that less lexis would be used from the topic the paper is talking about.
Evidencing of argument: This newspaper gives the consumer all the information about the story. Usually
the media producers keep some of the key information and not share it within the paper so the audience will
read the rest of the story and newspaper do this in an enigmatic style hiding the story in a mystery so it will
ensure that the consumers will read the whole of the story and perhaps the whole paper.
Referencing sources: For example if the news paper used images or quotes from someone they must
credit that certain person who the quote or picture came from. If this is not done it would be classed as
breaching journalism code and is leaving the media producer open to a lawsuit from the person who owned the
original image or quote. And in this case this news paper does use images and quotes so referencing sources
applies to this newspaper.

10. Codes of practice: Its clear that the sun has breached a few of the NUJ codes these include:
Strives to ensure that information disseminated is honestly conveyed, accurate and fair, Does nothing to intrude
into anybody’s private life, grief or distress unless justified by overriding consideration of the public interest
and protects the identity of sources who supply information in confidence and material gathered in the course
of his/hers work.
I have found these codes on the NUJ code website at https://www.nuj.org.uk/about/nuj-code/
Legal restraints: The stories in the sun are inaccurate as they have included things which may or may not
have actually happened to try and get the consumers interested and obtain more viewership of the story, and
trying to gain an advantage for the political part, labour whom they support.
Typography: The typography font is a font called “copy” which has been used on the front cover this a font
which you often see on newspaper due to their been an NUJ code and within the journalism body as a whole
that states that a media producer cant go below a certain font to report their stories.
However you often find the newspaper headlines and name are larger fonts similarly stylized because they are
trying to make the newspaper bold and stand out as much as possible so people will notice it and buy the
product.

11. How to guide
Conciseness: The ratio of text to images is pretty similar although in this how
to guide its mainly just one liners, but most how to guides are very concise and
straight to the point.
Clarity: because of the whole conciseness of the layout and the amount of
images that are on there this factual writing piece is one of the clearest and
simplicit of layouts I have seen to date. Because there isn’t a lot on it, its easier
to understand what it is and how to do it because it is a how to guide.
Accuracy: Because of the array and the various topics that how to guides can
be produced for they don’t particularly have to be 100% completely accurate. If
they provide advice which is highly important the information does have to be
checked thoroughly even though this example I have found for a liquid extraction
its still information and needs to be checked/
Avoiding ambiguity: similar to the instruction manual how to guides usually
print one way of assembling a product or completing a task. This can be seen as
ambiguous. This how to guide was probably printed in alternative verisions.

12. Bias: How to guides and instruction manuals cant be bias. Companies can however claim that there products are
better but not through the instructions.
Register: Like I said with the instruction manual due to the whole factual writing the register has to be
understood by the consumer. Which means it must be written to a minimal and in the best simplicity because how
to guides appeal to a wide range of demographics. However this one I have found would be aimed at students who
study science.
Evidencing of argument: Very similar to instruction manuals, the how to guides don’t have conflicted
opinions or views as there guides and there's only one certain way to follow them which means evidencing of
argument is irrelevant for how to guides.
Referencing sources: Usually how to guides are similar to instruction manuals in terms of referencing the
sources, Because they don’t need to reference sources at all but they are more likely to than the others for
example the images that have been used on a how to guide if there from someone else the producer would credit
them for the images as their not the own how to guides images there sourced from somewhere else.
Legal Restraints: All factual pieces are monitored by a standards board and this includes all the ones I have
spoken about so far including this how to guide because there all factual writing pieces.

13. Codes of practice: The NUJ and the ASA are not in any control of how to guides because they are not a
written piece of journalism. There is an exception to this being that if a how to guide is published and is sold to
the customers/consumers the product will be subject to the TSC and the dependant if it where it was a product
will be subject to the ASA and then the producer of the how to guide would have to make sure they checked their
instructions and information.
Typography: How do guides are all different and therefor lots of font types and styles are been used for
specific how to guides.
If a how to guide was to be published to the print market it would be subject to have the font at a certain size so
all demographics can read it and see it clearly.