The document provides a comprehensive overview of domes in architecture, detailing their design, materials, structural elements, and various types. It highlights the evolution of dome construction from early materials to modern techniques, including geodesic domes and their advantages. Additionally, the document discusses the uses, construction methods, and challenges associated with dome structures.

1. DOME

2. DOME
• A DOME IS A ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE THAT RESEMBLES THE HOLLOW
UPPER HALF OF THE SPHERE.
• DOME IS ROUNDED VAULT MADE OF EITHER CURVED SEGMENTS OR A
SHELL OF REVOLUTION , MEANING AN ARCH ROTATED AROUND ITS
CENTRAL AXIS.
• DOMES ARE CURVED STRUCTURES THEY HAVE NO ANGLES AND NO
CORNERS AND THEY ENCLOSE AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF SPACE WITH
THE MINIMUM OF MATERIALS AS THEY DON’T REQUIRE INTERIOR
SUPPORTS. DESPITE THEIR THINNESS, DOMES ARE SOME OF THE
STRONGEST AND STIFFEST STRUCTURES IN EXISTENCE TODAY.
• A DOME CAN BE SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR PIERS THAT TRANSITION TO
THE DOME THROUGH SQUINCHES OR PENDENTIVES.
SEM: III-A TOPIC: DOME SUBJECT: BMCT

3. HISTORY
• MATERIALS MAY HAVE TRANSMITTED TO RAMED EARTH , MUD
BRICKS OR MORE DURABLE ADOBES AS RESULT OF LOCAL
CONDITIONS.
• THE EARLY DOMES WERE LIKELY TO BE MADE FROM SAPLINGS,
REEDS TIMBERS AND COVERED WITH THATCH TUFF OR SKINS.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

4. • MORDEN PERIOD DOMES WERE MADE FROM MANY DURABLE
MATERIALS AND IN MANY NEW STYLES AND FORMS.
• NEW PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES ALLOWED IRON, WOOD AND
MANY DIFFERENT MATERIALS TO USE IN DOME CONSTRUCTION..
• UNIQUE GLASS DOMES SPRINGING STRAIGHT FROM GROUND
LEVEL WERE USED FOR GREEN HOUSE.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

5. ELEMENTS OF DOME
• COFFER
• CUPOLA
• LANTERN
• OCULUS
• PENDENTIVE
• ROTUNDA
• SQUINCH
• THOLOBATE/DRUM
• WHISPERING GALLERY
COFFER
CUPOLA
ROTUNDA
DRUM

6. COFFER :-
IT IS A SERIES OF SUNKEN PANELS.
Coffer
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

7. CUPOLA
• A SMALL, DOME LIKE STRUCTURE ON TOP OF BUILDING
• GENERALLY CROWNS A LARGER DOME.
Cupola
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

8. LANTERN
• A DAY LIGHTING ELEMENT ABOVE CUPOLA
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

9. BULL’S EYE 9 (OCULUS)
• AN OCULUS IS A CIRCULAR OPENING IN
THE CENTRE OF A DOME OR IN A WALL
Oculus
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

10. PENDENTIVE
• IT IS CONSTRUCTIVE DEVICE WHICH ALLOWS THE PLACEMENT OF
THE CIRCULAR DOME OVER THE SQUARE ROOM OR ELLIPTICAL OVER
THE RECTANGULAR ROOM.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

11. ROTUNDA
A CIRCULAR GROUND PLAN WHICH IS COVERED BY
A DOME.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
COFFER
CUPOLA
LANTERN
OCULUS
PENDENTIVE
ROTUNDA
SQUINCH
THOLOBATE/DRUM
WHISPERING GALLERY

12. SQUINCH
• A CONSTRUCTION FILLING IN THE UPPER ANGLES OF A SQUARE
ROOM SO AS TO FORM A BASE TO RECEIVE A DOME
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

13. DRUM(THOLOBATE)
• A THOLODATE IS THE UPRIGHT PART OF BUILDING ON WHICH DOME
IS RAISED
• IT IS ALSO REFERS AS DRUM
Drum
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

14. WHISPERING GALLERY
• A WHISPERING GALLERY IS A CIRCULAR, HEMISPHERICAL,
ENCLOSURE, OFTEN BENEATH A DOME IN WHICH WHISPERS CAN
BE HEARD CLEARLY IN OTHER PARTS OTHER GALLERY.
Whispering Gallery
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

15. TYPES OF DOME
• GEODESIC DOME
• ONION DOME
• OVAL DOME
• HEMISPHERICAL DOME
• CROSS ARCH DOME
• MONOLITHIC DOME
• PARABOLIC DOME
• CORBEL DOME
• CLOISTER VAULT
• COMPOUND DOME
• SAUCER DOME
• UMBRELLA DOME
• BRACED DOME
• BULLNOSE DOME
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

16. COPOUND DOME OVEL DOME
COISTER VAULT HEMISPPHERICAL DOME
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

17. UMBRELLA DOME CROSSED ARCH DOME
ONION SHAPED DOME MONOLITHIC DOME
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

18. SAUCER DOME CORBEL DOME
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
PARABOLIC DOMEBRACED DOME

19. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
GEODESIC DOME

20. USES OF DOME
• CORBEL DOME : A CORBEL DOME USES THIS TECHNIQUE TO
SUPPORT THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF A BUILDING’S ROOF.
CLOISTER VAULT: IT WORKS VERY WELL IN LARGE SPACES, BUT IT CAN
BE USED IN VIRTUALLY ANY ROOM IN THE HOUSE.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

21. USES OF DOME
• GEODESIC DOME: IT IS ALSO SAFE TO SAY THAT THE GEODESIC
DOMES THAT WE ARE USED TO ARE OF THOSE MAGNIFICENT
BUILDINGS SUCH AS SCIENCE WORLD AND SPACESHIP EARTH.
GEODESIC DOMES ARE USED AS RESIDENTIAL HOMES,
GREENHOUSE, WATER RESERVOIRS.
• PERABOLIC DOME: HENCE IT WAS WIDELY USED IN BUILDINGS IN
ANCIENT TIMES, BEFORE THE ADVENT OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

22. GEODESIC DOME
• GEO MEANS EARTH AND DESIC MEANS DIVIDED.
• THE GEODESIC DOME WAS INVENTED IN THE 1950S BY AMERICAN
ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT BUCKMINSTER FULLER. A GEODESIC
DOME IS A SPHERE-LIKE STRUCTURE COMPOSED OF A COMPLEX
NETWORK OF TRIANGLES. THE TRIANGLES CREATE A SELF-BRACING
FRAMEWORK THAT GIVES STRUCTURAL STRENGTH WHILE USING A
MINIMUM OF MATERIAL. THE TERM GEODESIC IS FROM LATIN,
MEANING EARTH DIVIDING.
• THE STRUCTURE BECOMES MORE AND MORE SPHERE LIKE AS THE
NUMBER OF THE DIVERSE SIZES OF THE STRUTS INCREASES.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

23. • ITS MAIN PART IS THE JOINTS THAT COMPLETES THE WHOLE
SPHERE.
• ONE OF THE MOST FASCINATING FACTS IN THE GEODESIC DOME IS
THAT IN THE FIRST LOOK IT SEEMS THAT ALL THE TRIANGLES ARE
EQUILATERAL AND ALL THE STRUTS HAVE THE IDENTICAL LENGTH.
LOOKING BETTER, WE NOTICE THAT ACTUALLY THE STRUTS HAVE
LENGTHS WHICH ARE SIMILAR, BUT NOT IDENTICAL, AND HERE
BEGIN ALL THE MAGIC BEHIND THE COMPLICITY OF REALIZING A
GEODESIC DOME.
• IT BEING A COLLECTION OF TRIANGLES WHICH, BY STAYING IN
STATE OF TENSION, TOGETHER FORMS IN THE SPACE A
HYPOTHETICAL SPHERE.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

24. TYPE OF DOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CONNECTORS
1. Flattened conduit
2. Tube and hub
3. Panelized timber frame
4. Foam and render
5. Stressed skin
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

25. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
FLETENED CONCUID ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
•SIMPLEST WAY TO
BUILD A GEODESIC
DOME FRAME
•FLATTEN THE END OF
SOME METAL TUBING
•BEND IT SLIGHTLY
THEN DRILL A HOLE TO
BOTH ENDS
•JOIN WITH BOLTS
•IT CAN BE EASILY
BUILD A DOME
FRAMEWORK IN A DAY
•USED FOR BURNING
MAN, CLIMBING
FRAMES AND OTHER
SMALL PROJECTS.
• REALLY EASY TO
BUILD,EASILY
ASSEMBLED/DISASSEM
BLED, NO
SPECIAL TOOLS
REQUIRED, JUST MAKE
SURE YOU DON''T SPLIT
THE TUBE
WHEN YOU FLATTEN IT
AND THAT YOU
FLATTEN ENOUGH SO
YOU CAN PUT THE
BEND IN WITHOUT
INTERFERING WITH
OTHER STRUTS.
DISADVANTAGES:
QUITE CRUDE, CAN
ONLY BE COVERED
WITH MATERIAL
BECAUSE JOINTS
DON''T FINISH LEVEL.

26. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
TUBE AND HUB ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
•SLIGHTLY MORE
WORK THAN THE
FLATTENED CONDUIT
METHOD
BUT IS A MORE
PROFESSIONAL AND
FLEXIBLE SYSTEM
•INSTEAD OF JOINING
THE STRUTS DIRECTLY
TOGETHER A LARGER
DIAMETER PIPE IS
USED AS A HUB HOLES
ARE DRILLED
THROUGH THE HUB
AND THE STRUTS ARE
BOLTED TO IT
•MAKES A NICE NEAT
JOB WITH ALL STRUTS
FINISHING LEVEL WHILE
STILL BEING CHEAP AND
EASY TO BUILD.
•GREAT FOR MATERIAL
COVERS BUT THERE IS
NO EASY WAY TO FIX A
HARD COVERING
MATERIAL.

27. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
•PANELIZED TIMBER
FORM
•ADVANTAGE •DISADVANTAGE
•WOODEN BEAMS BUT
INSTEAD OF METAL
HUBS
•AT THE JOINTS PANELS
ARE MADE THAT JOIN
AT THE EDGES AND
HAVE THE OUTSIDE
MATERIAL ATTACHED
(USUALLY PLYWOOD)
• THESE PANELS ARE
FACTORY MADE SO
NAIL THEM TOGETHER
IN THE CORRECT
ORDER TO BUILD A
DOME
•SIMPLE AND
EXTREMELY FAST WAY
TO BUILD A
PERMANENT DOME
STRUCTURE.
•BECAUSE THE PANELS
ARE FACTORY MADE
YOU DON''T GET MUCH
DESIGN CHOICE.
VENTILATION
PROBLEMS CAN OCCUR
WHEN MATERIAL IS
FIXED TO BOTH SIDES.

28. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
FOAM AND RENDER ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
•THIS METHOD USES
POLYSTYRENE FOAM OR
URETHANE FOAM AS A
FORMER
•CUT AND GLUE THE
FOAM TOGETHER TO
FORM THE DOME SHAPE
•NEXT TIE CHICKEN
WIRE OVER THE FOAM
TO ACT AS REINFORCING
MESH
•FINALLY APPLY A THIN
LAYER OF CEMENT
RENDER OVER THE
WHOLE STRUCTURE TO
WEATHERPROOF AND
FINISH THE DOME
•EASY TO CHANGE OR
ALTER THE FOAM
FORMER
•ONLY SUITABLE FOR
VERY SMALL DOMES.

29. SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
STREESED SKIN ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
METAL OR FIBREGLASS
PANELS ARE
BOLTED/RIVETED
TOGETHER TO FORM
THE DOME, THERE ARE
NO BEAMS, HUBS OR
SEPARATE SUPPORT
STRUCTURE THE SKIN
DOES EVERYTHING.
• PROBABLY THE MOST
COST EFFECTIVE AND
EFFICIENT WAY TO
BUILD A DOME. SOME
SIMPLE FABRICATION IS
REQUIRED BUT THIS
CAN BE EASILY
SOURCED LOCALLY.
• METAL SWEATS WHEN
IT GETS COLD SO SOME
FORM OF INSULATION
HAS TO BE GLUED TO
THE INSIDE OF THE
PANELS TO PREVENT
CONDENSATION
FORMING. CUTTING
HOLES FOR DOORS AND
WINDOWS CAN
SERIOUSLY WEAKEN
THE DOME STRUCTURE
.

30. MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION
FOR FRAME:-
• THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS ALSO RESULT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF
GEODESIC DOMES.
• STEEL IS THE MOST COMMON MATERIAL USED IN MAKING THE HUBS
THAT CONNECT THE NETWORK OF STRUTS TOGETHER.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

31. MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION
FOR COVERING:-
• YOU CAN COVER THE TRIANGULAR PANELS WITH WOOD,
PLASTIC ,METAL OR CONCRETE.
• METAL
• WOOD
• CONCRETE
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT
ConcreteMETAL

32. SPACESHIP EARTH AT THE ECOPT CENTER
HOTEL ECOCAMP PATAGONIA
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

33. ADVANTAGES
• SUSTAINABILITY
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• ECO-FRIENDLY
• STRONGER STRUCTURE
• COST EFFECTIVE
• WEATHER RESISTANT
• AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
• HIGHLY ACOUSTIC
DISADVANTAGES
• UNUSABLE SPACE
• DOOR AND WINDOWS-
EITHER MAKE OR SPECIAL
ORDER HAS TO BE GIVEN
• PERMITS-BUILDING THE
HOME MAY ALSO BE A
CHALLENGE AS DRAINAGE
AND FIRE ESCAPES.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

34. USES OF GEODESIC DOME
• GREEN HOUSES
• RESIDENTIAL HOMES
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

35. WATER RESERVOIRS
ENTERTAINMENT SPOTS
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

36. THANK YOU
GROUP MEMBERS :-
ISHA GANDHI
DHRUVI DESAI
SIDDHANT MANPARA
PAMY AGRAWAL
HARDIKA
ANJALI GHARIWALA
JHANVI DESAI
SMIT DIHORA

37. CONSTRUCTION
• THE STRUTS REFER TO THE SERIES OF RODS THAT FORM THE FRAME
OF A GEODESIC DOME.
• STRUTS CAN BE MADE OF METAL ALLOYS OR WOOD.
• THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEODESIC DOMES AS A RESULT OF
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE NETWORK OF TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS. AS
THE COMPLEXITY OF TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS INCREASE, THE CLASS
NUMBER OF THE GEODESIC DOME ALSO INCREASES.
• THOSE WITH HIGHER CLASS NUMBER REQUIRE STRUTS OF
DIFFERENT LENGTHS TO ENSURE THE COMPLETION OF AN
UNBROKEN SPHERE.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

38. Flattened conduit :-
• simplest way to build a geodesic dome frame
• flatten the end of some metal tubing
• bend it slightly then drill a hole to both ends
• Join with bolts
• It can be easily build a dome framework in a day
• Used for burning man, climbing frames and other small projects.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

39. Tube and hub:-
• slightly more work than the flattened conduit method
• but is a more professional and flexible system
• Instead of joining the struts directly together a larger diameter pipe is
used as a hub holes are drilled through the hub and the struts are
bolted to it.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT

40. Panelized timber frame:-
• Wooden beams but instead of metal hubs
• At the joints panels are made that join at the edges and have the
outside material attached (usually plywood)
• These panels are factory made so nail them together in the correct
order to build a dome.
SEM – III TOPIC – DOME SUBJECT – BMCT