Variable structure control is an adaptive control that gives robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. Variable control structure is a robust control scheme based on the concept of changing the structure of the controller in response to the changing state of the system in order to obtain a desired response. The control is nonlinear and can be applied to the linear or nonlinear plant. A high speed switching control action is used to switch between different structures of the controller and the trajectory of the system is forced to move along a chosen switching manifold in the state space. The controller detects the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference trajectory and corresponding changes the switching strategy to restore the tracking. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By using Variable structure controller to control the step change in reference speed and drive system under load torque variations.
Updated field oriented control of induction motor.pptxMohit Sharma
It is a simulation work project done on a 5hp,440V/5A and 1440rpm Induction motor.It explains the control of induction motor using matlab-simulink algorithm by PI control as well as Fuzzy logic control.
QUICK DYNAMIC TORQUE CONTROL IN DTC-HYSTERESIS-BASED INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING...ijiert bestjournal
Induction machines are widely employed in industries due to their r ugged structure,high maintainability and economy than DC motors. There has been constant development in the i nduction motor drive system and their implementation in industrial applications. The improvement of switching speed of power electronic devices has enabled control techniques which possess high switching f requency and feasibility of high efficiency drive systems. In this pretext,Direct Torque Contr ol (DTC) was introduced to obtain quick and better dynamic torque response. The DTC scheme in its basic c onfiguration comprises torque and flux estimator DTC controller,stator voltage vector selector and voltage source inverter. Direct Torque Control of induction motor has increasingly become the best alternative to Field- Oriented Control methods. The performance of an induction motor under the classical Direct Torque Control method and improved scheme have been studied and confirmed by simulation using MATLAB.
Comparative analysis of PID and neural network controllers for improving star...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Unlike 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor, starting-up of 3-phase wound rotor counter part can be improved by adding an external resistance to the rotor circuit.Thus, leads to reduce starting current and increase starting torque. In this paper two controllers for 3-phase wound rotor induction motor have been proposed include conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the other based on artificial neural network (NARMA-L2). A comparison between these controllers has been conducted. It has been shown that starting torque of the motor has been improved, when utilizing the neural network controller compared to the conventional counter part. It should be noted that MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to implement both controllers.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Updated field oriented control of induction motor.pptxMohit Sharma
It is a simulation work project done on a 5hp,440V/5A and 1440rpm Induction motor.It explains the control of induction motor using matlab-simulink algorithm by PI control as well as Fuzzy logic control.
QUICK DYNAMIC TORQUE CONTROL IN DTC-HYSTERESIS-BASED INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING...ijiert bestjournal
Induction machines are widely employed in industries due to their r ugged structure,high maintainability and economy than DC motors. There has been constant development in the i nduction motor drive system and their implementation in industrial applications. The improvement of switching speed of power electronic devices has enabled control techniques which possess high switching f requency and feasibility of high efficiency drive systems. In this pretext,Direct Torque Contr ol (DTC) was introduced to obtain quick and better dynamic torque response. The DTC scheme in its basic c onfiguration comprises torque and flux estimator DTC controller,stator voltage vector selector and voltage source inverter. Direct Torque Control of induction motor has increasingly become the best alternative to Field- Oriented Control methods. The performance of an induction motor under the classical Direct Torque Control method and improved scheme have been studied and confirmed by simulation using MATLAB.
Comparative analysis of PID and neural network controllers for improving star...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Unlike 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor, starting-up of 3-phase wound rotor counter part can be improved by adding an external resistance to the rotor circuit.Thus, leads to reduce starting current and increase starting torque. In this paper two controllers for 3-phase wound rotor induction motor have been proposed include conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the other based on artificial neural network (NARMA-L2). A comparison between these controllers has been conducted. It has been shown that starting torque of the motor has been improved, when utilizing the neural network controller compared to the conventional counter part. It should be noted that MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to implement both controllers.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
V/F Control of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Drives Without Flux or Torque Me...Waqas Tariq
Based on the popular constant volts per hertz principle, two improvement techniques are presented: keeping maximum torque constant or keeping magnetic flux constant. An open-loop inverter-three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive system that provides constant maximum torque or increased maximum torque and reduced slip speed at frequencies below the nominal frequency has been modeled, simulated and tested. Load performance analysis of the proposed system under different operation conditions was provided. These principles of operation are extended to the case of operation from variable frequency or variable voltage control method. Finally, the effects of the non-sinusoidal voltage and/or current wave shapes are covered. The results show that both suggested improvement techniques (constant torque or constant flux) improve the steady-state performance A.C. drive system with squirrel cage induction motors. The slip speed has been decreased and the starting torque and maximum torque have been increased, which means that the suggested control techniques can be used in drive systems with short time operating mode under light loads.
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
A Novel Rotor Resistance Estimation Technique for Vector Controlled Induction...IAES-IJPEDS
Induction motor with indirect field oriented control is well suited for high
performance applications due to its excellent dynamic behavior. However it
is sensitive to variations in rotor time constant, especially variation in rotor
resistance. In this study a scheme based on the Rotor flux Model Reference
Adaptive Controller is used for on line identification of the rotor resistance
and thus improving the steady state performance of the drive. The overriding
feature of this estimation technique is the accurate identification of rotor
resistance during transient and steady state conditions for drive operation at
full load and at zero speed condition. Moroever, the effectiveness of the TS
fuzzy controller utilizing rotor flux for online estimation of rotor resistance
for four quadrant operation of motor drive is investigated and compared with
the conventional PI and Mamdani fuzzy controller.Simulation results in
MATLAB/Simulink environment have been presented to confirm the
effectiviness of the proposed technique.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method...ijtsrd
Escalator is useful and act in the important part to carry passengers to the targeted floors of building. Every escalator must be driven by its own motor and this motor speed must be controled. To drive escalator with a constant speed, direct torque control technique is used to drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a direct torque control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method used in Escalator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27903.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27903/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-direct-torque-control-method-used-in-escalator/soe-sandar-aung
Review of Improved Direct Torque Control Methodologies for Induction Motor Dr...AM Publications
ecoupled control of induction motor drives is possible using Direct Torque Control (DTC) method which
is very simple control strategy compared to field oriented control. In this method direct torque control is achieved by
selecting suitable inverter switching voltage vector from a lookup table. But drawback of this method is that it
produces toque ripples. Also the switching frequency of inverter switches is not constant. Many methods have been
proposed to address these issues of DTC. This paper reviews various methodologies which are suggested to improve
performance of basic DTC induction motor drive.
Hysteresis Current Control of Switched Reluctance Motor in Aircraft ApplicationsIAES-IJPEDS
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been widely used in aircraft applications due to the motor advantages like high speed operation, simple construction, no windings on rotor. But high torque ripples and acoustic noise are main disadvantages. The current hysteresis chopping control is one of the important control methods for SRM drives. These disadvantages can be limited using the hysteresis or chopping current control. This control strategy makes the torque of SRM maintained within a set of hysteresis bands by applying suitable source voltage. This paper introduces two hysteresis control modes; hard chopping and soft chopping mode. The
SRM drive system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK software package.
Enhanced Torque Control and Reduced Switching Frequency in Direct Torque Cont...IJPEDS-IAES
Direct Torque Control (DTC) of induction machine has received wide
acceptance in many adjustable speed drive applications due to its simplicity
and high performance torque control. However, the DTC using a common
two-level inverter poses two major problems such as higher switching
frequency (or power loss) and larger torque ripple. These problems are due to
inappropriate voltage vectors which are selected among a limited number of
voltage vectors available in two-level inverter. The proposed research aims to
formulate an optimal switching strategy using Dual-Inverter Supplied Drive
for high performances of DTC. By using dual-inverter supplied, it provides
greater number of voltage vectors which can offer more options to select the
most appropriate voltage vectors. The most appropriate voltage vectors
should able to produce minimum torque slope but sufficient to satisfy torque
demands. The identification is accomplished by using an equation of rate of
change of torque which is derived from the induction machine equations. The
proposed strategy also introduces a block of modification of torque error
status which is responsible to modify the status such that it can determine the
most optimal voltage vectors from a look-up table, according to motor
operating conditions. The improvements obtained are as follows; 1)
minimization of switching frequency (reduce power loss), and 2) reduction of
torque ripple. Some improvements obtained in the proposed strategy were
verified via experimentations.
Speed Control of DC Motor under Varying Load Using PID ControllerCSCJournals
DC motors are used extensively in industrial variable speed applications because of most demanding speed-torque characteristics and are simple in controlling aspects. This paper presents a DC motor speed controlling technique under varying load condition. The linear system model of separately excited DC motor with Torque-variation is designed using PID controller. A Matlab simulation of proposed system with no-Load and full-load condition is performed on Simulink platform to observe the system response. The motor speed is kept constant in this experiment. The simulation result of the experiment shows that a motor is running approximately at a constant speed regardless of a motor load. The Simulink results show that the speed of the motor is slow down only for about 270 rpm (9%) in 980 milliseconds under the effect of full load. However, the motor speed is hunting about 200 rpm (6.66%) in 900 milliseconds on unloading condition. It is concluded that a PID controller is successful tool for controlling the motor speed in presence of load disturbances.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In M...IJERA Editor
Manufacturing features play an important role between design information and manufacturing activities.
Recently, various efforts have been concentrated in development of automatic feature recognition systems.
However, only limited number of features could be recognized, intersecting features were generally not
involved. This paper presents a simple system, in which manufacturing features are easily detected using a
Chain of Faces and Base of Faces (CF-BF) graph. A feature is modeled by a series/parallel association of
opened Chain of Faces (OCF) or Closed chain of Faces (CCF) that rest on a Base Face (BF). The feature is
considered Perfect Manufacturing Feature (PMF) if all Faces that participate in constitution of OCF/CCF are
blank faces, else it is an Imperfect Manufacturing Feature (IMF). In order to establish news Virtual Faces to
satisfy this necessaries condition, a judicious analysis of orientation of frontier faces that rest on BF is
performed. The technique was tested on several parts taken from literature and the results were satisfying.
Zigbee Based Indoor Campus Inventory Tracking Using Rfid ModuleIJERA Editor
This is a very useful application of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and is very commonly used in institutes, offices, homes and so on. An RFID system consists of a reader device and a transponder. A transponder or tag has a unique serial number which is identified by the reader. Here RFID has been interfaced with ARM Processor to provide secured access. The relevant messages are also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Key fobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers. RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write,i.e tag data can be rewritten or modified. Passive tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader.
V/F Control of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Drives Without Flux or Torque Me...Waqas Tariq
Based on the popular constant volts per hertz principle, two improvement techniques are presented: keeping maximum torque constant or keeping magnetic flux constant. An open-loop inverter-three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor drive system that provides constant maximum torque or increased maximum torque and reduced slip speed at frequencies below the nominal frequency has been modeled, simulated and tested. Load performance analysis of the proposed system under different operation conditions was provided. These principles of operation are extended to the case of operation from variable frequency or variable voltage control method. Finally, the effects of the non-sinusoidal voltage and/or current wave shapes are covered. The results show that both suggested improvement techniques (constant torque or constant flux) improve the steady-state performance A.C. drive system with squirrel cage induction motors. The slip speed has been decreased and the starting torque and maximum torque have been increased, which means that the suggested control techniques can be used in drive systems with short time operating mode under light loads.
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
A Novel Rotor Resistance Estimation Technique for Vector Controlled Induction...IAES-IJPEDS
Induction motor with indirect field oriented control is well suited for high
performance applications due to its excellent dynamic behavior. However it
is sensitive to variations in rotor time constant, especially variation in rotor
resistance. In this study a scheme based on the Rotor flux Model Reference
Adaptive Controller is used for on line identification of the rotor resistance
and thus improving the steady state performance of the drive. The overriding
feature of this estimation technique is the accurate identification of rotor
resistance during transient and steady state conditions for drive operation at
full load and at zero speed condition. Moroever, the effectiveness of the TS
fuzzy controller utilizing rotor flux for online estimation of rotor resistance
for four quadrant operation of motor drive is investigated and compared with
the conventional PI and Mamdani fuzzy controller.Simulation results in
MATLAB/Simulink environment have been presented to confirm the
effectiviness of the proposed technique.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method...ijtsrd
Escalator is useful and act in the important part to carry passengers to the targeted floors of building. Every escalator must be driven by its own motor and this motor speed must be controled. To drive escalator with a constant speed, direct torque control technique is used to drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a direct torque control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method used in Escalator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27903.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27903/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-direct-torque-control-method-used-in-escalator/soe-sandar-aung
Review of Improved Direct Torque Control Methodologies for Induction Motor Dr...AM Publications
ecoupled control of induction motor drives is possible using Direct Torque Control (DTC) method which
is very simple control strategy compared to field oriented control. In this method direct torque control is achieved by
selecting suitable inverter switching voltage vector from a lookup table. But drawback of this method is that it
produces toque ripples. Also the switching frequency of inverter switches is not constant. Many methods have been
proposed to address these issues of DTC. This paper reviews various methodologies which are suggested to improve
performance of basic DTC induction motor drive.
Hysteresis Current Control of Switched Reluctance Motor in Aircraft ApplicationsIAES-IJPEDS
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been widely used in aircraft applications due to the motor advantages like high speed operation, simple construction, no windings on rotor. But high torque ripples and acoustic noise are main disadvantages. The current hysteresis chopping control is one of the important control methods for SRM drives. These disadvantages can be limited using the hysteresis or chopping current control. This control strategy makes the torque of SRM maintained within a set of hysteresis bands by applying suitable source voltage. This paper introduces two hysteresis control modes; hard chopping and soft chopping mode. The
SRM drive system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK software package.
Enhanced Torque Control and Reduced Switching Frequency in Direct Torque Cont...IJPEDS-IAES
Direct Torque Control (DTC) of induction machine has received wide
acceptance in many adjustable speed drive applications due to its simplicity
and high performance torque control. However, the DTC using a common
two-level inverter poses two major problems such as higher switching
frequency (or power loss) and larger torque ripple. These problems are due to
inappropriate voltage vectors which are selected among a limited number of
voltage vectors available in two-level inverter. The proposed research aims to
formulate an optimal switching strategy using Dual-Inverter Supplied Drive
for high performances of DTC. By using dual-inverter supplied, it provides
greater number of voltage vectors which can offer more options to select the
most appropriate voltage vectors. The most appropriate voltage vectors
should able to produce minimum torque slope but sufficient to satisfy torque
demands. The identification is accomplished by using an equation of rate of
change of torque which is derived from the induction machine equations. The
proposed strategy also introduces a block of modification of torque error
status which is responsible to modify the status such that it can determine the
most optimal voltage vectors from a look-up table, according to motor
operating conditions. The improvements obtained are as follows; 1)
minimization of switching frequency (reduce power loss), and 2) reduction of
torque ripple. Some improvements obtained in the proposed strategy were
verified via experimentations.
Speed Control of DC Motor under Varying Load Using PID ControllerCSCJournals
DC motors are used extensively in industrial variable speed applications because of most demanding speed-torque characteristics and are simple in controlling aspects. This paper presents a DC motor speed controlling technique under varying load condition. The linear system model of separately excited DC motor with Torque-variation is designed using PID controller. A Matlab simulation of proposed system with no-Load and full-load condition is performed on Simulink platform to observe the system response. The motor speed is kept constant in this experiment. The simulation result of the experiment shows that a motor is running approximately at a constant speed regardless of a motor load. The Simulink results show that the speed of the motor is slow down only for about 270 rpm (9%) in 980 milliseconds under the effect of full load. However, the motor speed is hunting about 200 rpm (6.66%) in 900 milliseconds on unloading condition. It is concluded that a PID controller is successful tool for controlling the motor speed in presence of load disturbances.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
Automatic Recognition of Isolated And Interacting Manufacturing Features In M...IJERA Editor
Manufacturing features play an important role between design information and manufacturing activities.
Recently, various efforts have been concentrated in development of automatic feature recognition systems.
However, only limited number of features could be recognized, intersecting features were generally not
involved. This paper presents a simple system, in which manufacturing features are easily detected using a
Chain of Faces and Base of Faces (CF-BF) graph. A feature is modeled by a series/parallel association of
opened Chain of Faces (OCF) or Closed chain of Faces (CCF) that rest on a Base Face (BF). The feature is
considered Perfect Manufacturing Feature (PMF) if all Faces that participate in constitution of OCF/CCF are
blank faces, else it is an Imperfect Manufacturing Feature (IMF). In order to establish news Virtual Faces to
satisfy this necessaries condition, a judicious analysis of orientation of frontier faces that rest on BF is
performed. The technique was tested on several parts taken from literature and the results were satisfying.
Zigbee Based Indoor Campus Inventory Tracking Using Rfid ModuleIJERA Editor
This is a very useful application of RFID (Radio-frequency identification) and is very commonly used in institutes, offices, homes and so on. An RFID system consists of a reader device and a transponder. A transponder or tag has a unique serial number which is identified by the reader. Here RFID has been interfaced with ARM Processor to provide secured access. The relevant messages are also displayed on a 16x2 LCD.RFID automated access for door controls to buildings, departments, rooms, secured closets (wiring, PBX, etc.) and cabinets is very cost effective and secure to use. Many people do not realize how easy it is to implement card access systems such as card access door or doors using RFID readers and RFID Cards or Key fobs for Secured Access Control Management. You can even use smart readers for computer rooms and securing individual computers. RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active tags are powered by an internal battery and are typically read/write,i.e tag data can be rewritten or modified. Passive tags operate without a separate external power source and obtain operating power generated from the reader.
Effect of simultaneous movement of multiple particles under electric field in...IJERA Editor
20% of failures in Gas Insulated Substations are due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. These particles may be free to move in the electric field or may be fixed on the conductors, thus enhancing local surface fields. In this paper a Single Phase Gas Insulated Bus duct with inner and outer diameter to 55mm and 152 mm is considered. In this paper multiple particles i.e three particle of different sizes are considered. These three particles are assumed to be rest at a position. Basic equations for the movement of three metallic particles are formulated. The motion of the three particles are simulated for different voltages using MATLAB. Effect of multiple particles for various electric fields on particle movement are analyzed and time of collisions of the particle at first time is determined for various voltages. Particles of copper of 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm radius, 10 mm length and 0.15 mm radius and 7 mm and 0.25 radius are considered. The results show that the three particle collide at different points depending on the particles positions. The simulation results have been presented and analyzed.
A Survey of String Matching AlgorithmsIJERA Editor
The concept of string matching algorithms are playing an important role of string algorithms in finding a place where one or several strings (patterns) are found in a large body of text (e.g., data streaming, a sentence, a paragraph, a book, etc.). Its application covers a wide range, including intrusion detection Systems (IDS) in computer networks, applications in bioinformatics, detecting plagiarism, information security, pattern recognition, document matching and text mining. In this paper we present a short survey for well-known and recent updated and hybrid string matching algorithms. These algorithms can be divided into two major categories, known as exact string matching and approximate string matching. The string matching classification criteria was selected to highlight important features of matching strategies, in order to identify challenges and vulnerabilities.
Effects of Irrigation Practices on Some Soil Chemical Properties on OMI Irrig...IJERA Editor
Irrigation practices have been observed to impact scheme soil properties and other parameters negatively. These could be as a result of irrigation water quality, method of application and nature of scheme soil. This study was therefore conducted to study the effects of irrigation practices on the soils of Omi irrigation scheme Kogi state, Nigeria after 13years of operation. Soil samples were taken at depths 0 – 20 cm (A1), 20 – 80 cm (A2) and 80 – 120 cm (A3) from two operating lands (OL); OL 5 and OL 18 of the study area. The samples were analysed for chemical parameters (pH, CEC, ESP, Mg2+, Ca2+, OM, and OC). The soil pH which was in the neutral range (pH=6.65 to 7.00) at inception of scheme, has become slightly acidic (pH=6.53 to 6.60). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) levels have also increased from 10cmol+kg-1 to 35cmol+kg-1. While Organic matter (OM) and Organic carbon (OC) also have marked increase in their levels (baseline as 0.93 to 1.08; for year 2013 as 9.52 to 9.79). Generally, the analysis indicated a need for proper monitoring of the scheme soil to prevent further deterioration.
Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean PrinciplesIJERA Editor
In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
A Drift-Diffusion Model to Simulate Current for Avalanche Photo DetectorIJERA Editor
In this research, a Drift-Diffusion model is carried out to calculate includes impact ionization mechanism and can calculate dark current and photocurrent of avalanche photo diode. Poisson equation, electron and hole density continuity equations and electron and hole current equations have been solved simultaneously using Gummel method. Consideration of impact ionization enables the model to completely simulate the carriers flow in high electrical field. The simulation has been done using MATLAB and the results are compared with other reliable results obtained by researchers. Our results show despite of hydrodynamics and Monte Carlo methods which are very complicated we can get the current characteristics of photo detector easily with acceptable accuracy. In addition we can use this method to calculate currents of device in high fields.
Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Disinfectants Used In Hemodia...IJERA Editor
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface and included in an extracellular matrix making it resistant to exogenous deleterious agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm effect of five commercials disinfectants having different active principles (hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol) on four Staphylococcus strains isolated from hemodialysis unit surfaces. The disinfectants anti-adhesive effect was estimated to an exceeding rate 70% for the various studied dilutions and 90% towards the pure products. Whereas the anti-biofilm effect showed an elimination rate varying between 10 % and 95 % according to the following parameters: active principle, time of contact, concentration and bacterial strain. Our study demonstrated that all tested products have an interesting anti-adhesive effect and that the peroxide of hydrogen is endowed with important anti-biofilm efficiency, followed by the alcoholic products and the sodium hypochlorite.
Mathematical Modeling Of Syphilis Disease A Case Study With Reference To Anan...IJERA Editor
In this paper we have analyzed the Mathematical modeling of Syphilis disease, Syphilis is a highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex. Occasionally, the disease can be passed to another person through prolonged kissing or close bodily contact. Although this disease is spread from sores, the vast majority of those sores go unrecognized. The infected person is often unaware of the disease and unknowingly passes it on to his or her sexual partner. Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child. Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
Pressure Gradient Influence on MHD Flow for Generalized Burgers’ Fluid with S...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a research for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible generalized
Burgers’ fluid including by an accelerating plate and flowing under the action of pressure gradient. Where the
no – slip assumption between the wall and the fluid is no longer valid. The fractional calculus approach is
introduced to establish the constitutive relationship of the generalized Burgers’ fluid. By using the discrete
Laplace transform of the sequential fractional derivatives, a closed form solutions for the velocity and shear
stress are obtained in terms of Fox H- function for the following two problems: (i) flow due to a constant
pressure gradient, and (ii) flow due to due to a sinusoidal pressure gradient. The solutions for no – slip condition
and no magnetic field, can be derived as special cases of our solutions. Furthermore, the effects of various
parameters on the velocity distribution characteristics are analyzed and discussed in detail. Comparison between
the two cases is also made.
Virulence Phenotype, Physicochemical Properties and Biofilm Formation of Pseu...IJERA Editor
Potable water piping has been demonstrated to serve as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this report, we describe the characterization of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from water intended for human consumption by the presence of virulence factors. These strains expressed their suitability for adhesion and the formation of biofilms on polyethylene (PE). Also In this work, we were able to elucidate the factors intervening in adhesion and biofilm formation by showing the role of the substrate, the environment and bacteria. Strong correlation was observed between physicochemical properties especially the electron donor property and the surface percentage covered by cells. These results indicate that this property plays a crucial role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence on the PE surface. In addition, if no relationship was found between the adhesion results and hydrophobicity, it means that this property was not involved in the adhesion process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the PE surface.
The application of queue theory in cloud computing to reduce the waiting timeIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a new technology in computer field to provide on line service to the customers. -Cloud computing has got enormous popularity as it offers dynamic, low-cost computing solutions. To get the service of cloud the user has to be in queue until he is served. Each arriving Cloud computing User (CCU) requests Cloud computing Service Provider (CCSP) to use the resources, if server is available, the arriving user will seize and hold it for a length of time, which leads to queue length and more waiting time. A new arrival leaves the queue with no service. After service completion the server is made immediately available to others. From the user’s point of view he needs to be served immediately and to prevent waiting the CCSP’s can use infinite servers to reduce waiting time & queue length. The arrival pattern is often Poisson in queuing theory. In this article we analyzed the dynamic behavior of the system with infinite servers by finding various effective measures like response time, average time spend in the system, utilization and throughput.
MoO3 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Hindering Effect on G...IJERA Editor
Molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction analysis was done to confirm that the obtained product was MoO3. The scanning electron microscopy was done to study the shape, size distribution and surface morphology of nanoparticles; they had a hexagonal shape with smooth surface and uniform size distribution. The functional groups were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of MoO3 nanoparticles on seed germination of vigna unguiculata was studied for 6 days from the day of sowing, by comparing the time taken for seeds to germinate and length of shoot with respect to time of the seeds sowed in heavy black soil whose nutrient composition was known with seeds sowed in the same heavy black soil but which was made rich with MoO3 nanoparticles. It was observed that the MoO3 nanoparticles hampered the germination of vigna unguiculata seeds and this restraint continued in the shoot growth also.
Research on Iris Region Localization AlgorithmsIJERA Editor
Iris recognition is a biometric technique that offers premium performance. Iris localization is critical to the success of an iris recognition system, since data that is falsely represented as iris pattern data will corrupt the biometric templates generated, resulting in poor recognition rates. So far different algorithms for iris localization having been proposed. This paper explored four efficient methods for iris localization, out of these three methods of iris localization in circular form and one methods of unwrapping the iris in to a flat bed. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate performance evaluation of every implemented algorithms. Conclusion based on comparisons can provide most significant information for further research. A CASIA and UPOL iris databases of iris images has been used for implementation of iris localization General Term Biometrics,Iris Recognition,Iris Localization
Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE SystemsCauses and Effects of C...IJERA Editor
There is an increasing demand for high data transmission rates with the evolution of the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems are used to fulfill these requirements because of their unique properties such as high spectral efficiency, high data rate and resistance towards multipath propagation. MIMO-OFDM systems are finding their applications in the modern wireless communication systems like IEEE 802.11n, 4G and LTE. They also offer reliable communication with the increased coverage area. The bottleneck to the MIMO-OFDM systems is the estimation of the channel state information (CSI). This can be estimated with the help of any one of the Training Based, Semiblind and Blind Channel estimation algorithms. This paper presents various channel estimation algorithms, optimization techniques and their effective utilization in MIMO-OFDM for modern wireless LTE systems.
Comparative Study for Adsorptive Removal of Coralene Blue BGFS Dye from Aqueo...IJERA Editor
Textile industries represent biggest impact on the environment due to high water consumption and waste water discharge as government control water pollution by setting strength regulation for waste water discharge, removal of color from waste water becomes more and more essential and attractive. Adsorption technology is very efficient in treatment of textile effluent. In this paper comparison of adsorption phenomena of textile dye Anthraquinone blue onto two different adsorbents MgO nano powder and Fe2O3 amorphous powder has been studied for removal of said dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Anthraquinone blue on adsorbents occurs by studying the effects of adsorbent amount, dye concentration, contact time and pH of solution. All results found that MgO nano powder and Fe2O3 provide a fairly high dye adsorption capacity, which combined with their fulfilment of pollution control board’s standards, lack of pollution, lower environmental hazard and low-cost makes them promising for future applications. The present work also provides information on optimum value of different operating parameter for dye removal by two adsorbent.
Design Approach for Vehicle To Vehicle (V2V) Dissemination of Messages in Veh...IJERA Editor
Designing a protocol structure which contains the control system, VANET device and the type of communication message structures which will implement the message packets for v2v or v2I infrastructure . The different message packets contain the information required to transfer from one node to another in vehicular network for communication. Design various algorithm required for Control, Alert and Infotainment messages. Time stamping lowering data rate efficient packet delivery and proper communication of required messages. Implementation of proposed algorithms and comparison of them with existing algorithms and study of different factors affecting the working of theses algorithms. Analysis of proposed design approach and improvements in results if required.
Examination passive defense role in spatial distribution of urban regionIJERA Editor
Cities due to the compact and densely populated urban context and diverse urban networks usually are considered in the wars against ground and air attacks as a barrier. And on the other hand, struggles wanted or unwanted wars have led to the cities and sometimes causing high civilian casualties and damage to the city. Expert and track record militaries believe that urban warfare is one of the hardest battles of the model because of the possibility of resistance in the cities due to high intensive residential context and use different weapons to militants in their application package is limited. However, the military forces moved in is very difficult and may well lead them to the attacker's losses also increase under these conditions. Research methodology in this study was a descriptive - analytical. In this paper, after introducing key items affecting the spatial distribution and role of each one in the establishment and development of urban areas first, it will pay the expression of passive defense and civil defense in Tehran metropolitan area and second, to analyze the role of passive defense and settlement of the spatial distribution of urban infrastructure deals and the strengths and weaknesses of the studies discussed and finally, after a review and analysis of all factors will pay conclusions and provide effective strategies taking into account the spatial distribution and effective passive defense will be the key factor.
Fabrication, Designing & Performance Analysis of Solar Parabolic TroughIJERA Editor
A parabolic trough solar collector uses a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards a receiver tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the receiver tube.This method of concentrated solar collection has the advantage of high efficiency and low cost, and can be used either for thermal energy collection, for generating electricity or for both, This paper focused on the fabrication and designing of solar parabolic trough, The designing of trough is depend upon the following parameters : Aperture of the concentrator , Inner diameter of absorber tube, Outer diameter of absorber tube, Inner diameter of glass tube, Outer diameter of glass tube, Length of parabolic trough, Concentration ratio, Collector aperture area, Specular reflectivity of concentrator, Glass cover transitivity for solar radiation, Absorber tube emissivity/emissivity, Intercept factor, Emissivity of absorber tube surface and Emissivity of glass. The performance analysis will be based on the Experimental data collection and calculations with reference to: Thermal performance calculations, Overall loss coefficient and heat correlations. Heat transfer coefficient on the inside surface of the absorber tube and Heat transfer coefficient between the absorber tube and the Cover.
Implementation of pi, fuzzy & ann controllers to improve dynamic response...eSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays, vector controlled induction motor drives with variable speed applications are widely used in order to achieve good dynamic performance and wide speed control. In this paper a new method of controlling technique based on Artificial Neural Network is proposed to improve the speed control of indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. Indirect vector controlled induction motor with conventional PI controller is developed and is replaced with Fuzzy logic controller to overcome the problem of overshoot occurred in conventional PI controller. To obtain quick steady state response and better speed control, ANN technique is proposed and implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. In this paper the speed, torque and stator voltage responses with conventional PI controller, Fuzzy logic controller and proposed artificial neural network based controller are compared and found that the proposed ANN based controller showed increased dynamic performance. Keywords: ANN, FLC, PI controller, IVCIM
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Vector Control Methodijtsrd
In the Vector Control method of induction motors, one of the advantages of the separately excited DC motor of being able to decouple the flux control and the torque is thereby opened up. The field orientation control of induction motor allows decoupling the control of magnetic flux and the control of the torque produced by the stator current. To drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor with a constant speed, vector control technique is used. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a vector control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Vector Control Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27914.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27914/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-vector-control-method/soe-sandar-aung
Control of Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drives Based ...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents sensorless position and speed control for a four-switch three-phase inverter (FSTPI) fed induction motor drive. Accurate knowledge of stator resistance is of utmost importance for correct operation of a number of speed sensorless induction motor control schemes in the low speed region. Since stator resistance inevitably varies with operating conditions, stable and accurate operation at near-zero speed requires an appropriate identification algorithm for the stator resistance. The paper proposes such an identification algorithm, which is developed for the rotor flux based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) type of the speed estimator in conjunction with a rotor flux oriented control scheme. In this speed estimation method only one (out of the two available) degree of freedom is utilized for speed estimation. It is utilize the second available degree of freedom as a mean for adapting the stator resistance. The parallel stator resistance and rotor speed identification algorithm is developed in a systematic manner, using Popov’s hyper stability theory. It increases the complexity of the overall control system insignificantly and enables correct speed estimation and stable drive operation at near-zero speeds. The proposed speed and position estimator with parallel stator resistance identification for FSTPI fed induction motor at very low speed under high load operation is verified by simulation and experimental results. The results show the robustness of the proposed method with FSTPI.
Induction motor harmonic reduction using space vector modulation algorithmjournalBEEI
The vector control was proposed as an alternative to the scalar control for AC machines control. Vector control provide high operation performance in steady state and transient operation. However, the variable switching frequency of vector control causes high flux and torque ripples which lead to an acoustical noise and degrade the performance of the control scheme. The insertion of the space vector modulation was a very useful solution to reduce the high ripples level inspite of its complexity. Numerical simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink show the good dynamic performance of the proposed vector control technique and the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless strategy in the presence of the sudden load torque basing on the integral backstepping approach capabilities on instant perturbation rejection.
Keywords
Speed Control Techniques for Induction Motor - A Reviewijsrd.com
In this paper, various types of speed control methods for the single phase induction motor are described. Speed can be controlled to control the frequency or slip can be controlled to control the torque. Then flux and torque are also function of frequency and voltage. Various methods are used to control the flux and voltage. This paper is focused on sliding mode control technique for induction motor.
A New Induction Motor Adaptive Robust Vector Control based on Backstepping IJECEIAES
In this paper, a novel approach to nonlinear control of induction machine, recursive on-line estimation of rotor time constant and load torque are developed. The proposed strategy combines Integrated Backstepping and Indirect Field Oriented Controls. The proposed approach is used to design controllers for the rotor flux and speed, estimate the values of rotor time constant and load torque and track their changes on-line. An open loop estimator is used to estimate the rotor flux. Simulation results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the control technique and on-line estimation.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
In this paper, the design of a speed control scheme based on a total sliding mode control for Indirect Field Oriented of a three phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. Firstly, the indirect field oriented control is derived. Then, sliding mode control design is investigated to achieve a speed tracking objective under different load torque disturbance. Finally a dSPACE DS1104 R&D board is used to implement the proposed scheme. The experimental results released on 0.25 kW slip-ring IM show a high dynamic performance, fast transient response without overshot as well as a good load disturbances rejection response.
Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using PLC under Open and Closed ...IJERA Editor
In today’s world industries demand process automation in all sectors, because automation results in better quality, increased production and reduced costs. The variable speed drives which can control the speed of AC/DC motors are indispensable controlling elements in automation systems. Depending on the application some of them are fixed speed and some of them are variable speed drives. The objective of the work is to monitor and control the speed of an Induction motor under various operating conditions such as no load and on load driven by AC Drive using programmable logic controller.
We focus a modern methodology in this paper for adding the fuzzy logic control as well as sliding model control. This combination can enhance the MLS position control robustness and enhanced performance of it.In the start, for an application in an area to control the loops placement and position for the synchronous motor what has permanent magnetic linearity we tend to control the fuzzy sliding mode control. To resolve the chattering issues a designed controller is investigated and, in this way, steady state motion in sliding with higher accuracy is obtained. In this case, method of online tuning with the help of fuzzy logic is used in order to adjust the thickness of boundary layer and switching gains.For the suggested scheme technique, the outcomes of simulation suggest that with the classical SMC the accurate state and good dynamic performance is compared due to force chattering resistance, response by quick dynamic force and external disturbance elements and robustness against them.
FLC-Based DTC Scheme for a New Approach of Two-Leg VSI Fed Induction MotorIJERA Editor
A new Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy for Induction Motor (IM) drive fed by a two leg three phase
inverter (i.e., Four switches are used in VSI) was proposed in this paper. The proposed methodology is based on
the emulation of operation of the conventional Six-switch three phase inverter. The combination of four
unbalanced voltage vectors is generated by the two-leg three phase inverter, approaching to the synthesis of the
six balanced voltage vectors of the conventional DTC. This approach has been implemented in the design of the
vector selection table of the proposed DTC strategy. Further, Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) is proposed in the
speed controller for the improvement of torque ripples. Convention DTC with Six Switch three phase VSI, twoleg
three phase VSI with PI and Fuzzy Controller are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation
results have shown that the proposed DTC strategy, two-leg inverter fed IM drive revealed an improved
performance.
Similar to Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive (20)
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive
1. Bhaskararao. K et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.124-131
www.ijera.com 124 | P a g e
Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor Drive Prasad. Ch, Mouliswararao. R, Bhaskararao. K Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, AITAM, Tekkali Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, AITAM, Tekkali Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, AITAM, Tekkali ABSTRACT Variable structure control is an adaptive control that gives robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. Variable control structure is a robust control scheme based on the concept of changing the structure of the controller in response to the changing state of the system in order to obtain a desired response. The control is nonlinear and can be applied to the linear or nonlinear plant. A high speed switching control action is used to switch between different structures of the controller and the trajectory of the system is forced to move along a chosen switching manifold in the state space. The controller detects the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference trajectory and corresponding changes the switching strategy to restore the tracking. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By using Variable structure controller to control the step change in reference speed and drive system under load torque variations. KEYWORDS- scalar control, vector control
I. INTRODUCTION:
Induction motor (IM) can be considered as the „workhorse‟ of the industry because of its special features such as low cost, high reliability, low inertia, simplicity and ruggedness. Induction motors are suitable for industrial drives, because of their simple and robust structure, high torque to weight ratio, higher reliability and ability to operate in hazardous environments. However there control is a challenging task because the rotor quantities are not accessible which are responsible for torque production. DC machines are decoupled in terms of flux and torque. Hence control is easy. If it is possible in case of induction motor to control the amplitude and space angle (between rotating stator and rotor fields), in other words to supply power from a controlled source so that the flux producing and torque producing components of stator current can be controlled independently, the motor dynamics can be compared to that of DC motor with fast transient response. Variable structure control system where the structure or topology of the control is intentionally varied to stabilize the control and make its response robust.
II. Principle of Scalar control
As the name indicates is due to the magnitude variation of the control variables only and disregards the coupling effects in the machine.
The control of an induction motor requires a variable voltage variable frequency power source. With advent of the voltage source inverter (VSI), constant voltage/hertz (V/f) control has become the simplest, cheapest and hence one of the popular methods for speed control of induction motor.. Since flux is kept constant the full load torque Capability are maintained constant under steady state condition except low speed (when an Additional voltage boost is needed to compensate for stator winding voltage drop ) In this control scheme, the performance of machine improves in the steady state only, but the transient responses poor. Scalar control drive drives give somewhat inferior performances but they are easy to implement. It gives the sluggish response because of inherent coupling i.e. both torque and flux are the function of voltage or current and frequency. However the importance diminished recently because of the superior performance of vector controlled drive.
III. Principle of Vector control
The principle of control of Induction motor is that the transient free operation of the Induction motor is achieved only if the stator or rotor flux linkages phasor is maintained constant in its magnitude and its phase is stationary with respect to the current phasor. By splitting the stator current into two orthogonal components, one in the direction of flux linkage, representing magnetizing current or flux component of current, and other perpendicular to the flux linkage, representing the torque component of current, and then by varying both components
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
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independently, the induction motor can be treated as
a separately excited DC motor.
High dynamic performance of the Induction
motor refers to the control similar to that of a
separately excited DC motor. Separately excited DC
motor is simple to control because they
independently control the flux which when
maintained constant contributes to independent
control of the torque. The separately excited DC
motor has the best control characteristics because of
the independent control of flux producing component
If and torque producing component i.e. Ia.
Fig . DC drive analogy
Fig. vector control of Induction motor
Depending upon the method of acquisition of
flux information, the vector control or field oriented
control method can be termed as: Direct or Indirect.
In the direct method the position of the flux to which
orientation is desired is strictly measured with the
help of sensors, or estimated from the machine
terminal variables such as speed and stator
current/voltage signals. The measured or estimated
flux is used in the feedback loop, thus the machine
parameters have minimal effect on the overall drive
performance. But the measurement of flux using flux
sensors necessitates special manufacturing process or
modifications in the existing machines. Also direct
field orientation method have its inherent problem at
low speed where the voltage drops due to resistances
are dominant, and pure integration is difficult to
achieve. The indirect vector control eliminates the
direct measurement or computation of rotor flux
from the machine terminal variables, but controls its
instantaneous flux position by summing the rotor
position signal with a commanded.
IV. Adaptive Variable structure
controller
Adaptive Variable structure controller design
provides a systematic approach to the problem of
maintaining stability and satisfactory performance in
presence of modelling imperfections. The adaptive
variable structure controller is especially appropriate
for the tracking control of motors, robot manipulators
whose mechanical load change over a wide range.
Induction motors are used as actuators which have to
follow complex trajectories specified for manipulator
movements. Advantages of adaptive variable
structure controllers are that it is computationally
simple compared adaptive controllers with parameter
estimation and also robust to parameter variations.
The disadvantage of adaptive variable structure
control is sudden and large change of control
variables during the process which leads to high
stress for the system to be controlled. It also leads to
chattering of the system states.
In [18] sliding mode control methods are applied
to an indirect vector controlled induction machine for
position and speed control. It is also applied in [9] to
position control loop of an indirect vector control
induction motor drive, without rotor resistance
identification scheme. A sliding mode based adaptive
input output linearizing control is presented for
induction motor drives. In this case the motor flux
amplitude and speed are separately controlled by
sliding mode controllers with variable switching
gains. A sliding mode controller with rotor flux
estimation is presented.
Although many speed estimation algorithms and
sensorless control schemes are developed during the
past few years, development of a simple, effective
and low sensitivity speed estimation scheme for a
low power IM drive is lacking in the literature.
adaptive variable structure controller is a good choice
for handling this type of problems.
V. Induction Motor Modelling
A proper model for the three phase induction
motor is essential to simulate and study the complete
drive system. The model of induction motor in
arbitrary reference frame is derived.
Following are the assumptions made for the model:
1. Uniform airgap
2. The Stator and rotor MMF‟s are sinusoidal.
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3. Mutual inductances are equal.
4. Saturation of the magnetic circuit is neglected.
5. The stator winding is a sinusoidal distributed
winding.
6. Hysteresis and eddy current losses and skin effects
are neglected.
The dynamic equations of the induction motor in
any reference frame can be represented by using flux
linkages as variables.
The voltage equations of the three phase induction
motor in synchronous reference frame are given
below
e qs
ds
ds s ds dt
d
v R i
(1)
e ds
qs
qs s qs dt
d
v R i
(2)
e r qr
dr
dr r dr p
dt
d
v R i
( )
(3)
e r dr
qr
qr r qr p
dt
d
v R i
( ) (4)
The developed Torque e T is;
( )
2 2
3
e ds qs qs ds i i
P
T
(5)
The torque balance equation is:
e l r
r T T
dt
d
J
(6)
Squirrel cage induction motor is mostly used and its
rotor windings are short circuited,
0
0
qr
dr
v
v
(7)
the flux linkage equations in matrix form are
qr
dr
m
m
qs
ds
s
s
qs
ds
i
i
L
L
i
i
L
L
0
0
0
0
(8)
qr
dr
r
r
qs
ds
m
m
qr
dr
i
i
L
L
i
i
L
L
0
0
0
0
(9)
Where Ls and Lrself-inductances of stator and rotor
respectively and Lm is the mutual
Inductance between stator and rotor.
qr
dr
r
m
r
m
dr
r
r
qr
dr
i
i
L
L
L
L
qr
L
L
i
i
0
0
1
0
0
1
(10)
qr
dr
r
m
r
m
qs
ds
r
m
s
r
m
s
qs
ds
L
L
L
L
i
i
L
L
L
L
L
L
0
0
0 ( )
( ) 0
2
2
qr
dr
r
m
r
m
qs
ds
s
s
L
L
L
L
i
i
L
L
0
0
0
0
(11)
Where Leakage coefficient.
qr
dr
r
r
qs
ds
r
r m
r
r m
qr
dr
Lr
R
Lr
R
i
i
L
R L
L
R L
dt
d
0
0
0
0
qr
dr
e r
e r
p
p
( ) 0
0 ( )
(12)
qr
dr
dt
d
=
0 4
0 4
5
5
a
a
i
i
a
a
sl
sl
qs
ds
qr
dr
(13)
Where
, ,and
Where
),
a4=
write above all equations in matrix form
The state space model of the induction motor in
terms of stator current and rotor flux linkages is
given as follows:
qs
ds
qr
dr
qs
ds
sl
sl
e r
e r
qr
dr
qs
ds
v
C v
C
i
i
a a
a a
a a a
a a pa
i
i
dt
d
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
5 4
3 4
1 3 2
1 2 3
(14)
Using (2.9) and (2.10) and simplifying, we get
ds
qs
dr qr
r
m
e i
i
L
L
T p
2
3
Or
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[ ]
2
3
dr qs qr ds
r
m
e i i
L
L
T P
(15)
VI. The Field Oriented control
To achieve field orientation along the rotor flux,
the flux component (d-axis component) of stator
current, ids is aligned in the direction of rotor flux,
ψr, and the torque component of stator current, iqs is
aligned in direction perpendicular to it. At this
condition:
0 qr and 0 qr dt
d
(16)
dr r = rotor flux
Hence the developed electromagnetic torque is given
by
dr qs t dr qs
r
m i K i
L
L
Te p
2
3
(17)
With field orientation, the dynamic behaviour of the
induction machine is given by:
ds dr e qs ds
ds a i a i cv
dt
di
1 2
(18)
e ds qs r ds qs
qs i a i pa cv
dt
di
1 3
(19)
dr ds
dr a a i
dt
d
4 4
(20)
(2.15)
Slip frequency for obtaining indirect field orientation
is given by
ds
qs
sl e r
i
p a
5 (21)
Where
r
r m
L
R L
a 5
The DC machine like performance is only possible if
ids is oriented in the direction of flux With r and iqs
is established perpendicular to it.
VII. Speed Estimation
A speed signal is also required in indirect vector
control in the whole speed range and in the direct
vector control for the low speed range.
The rotor speed of an induction motor is
p
e sl
r
Here we can estimate the speed using direct synthesis
from state equations
The qr expression can be written as
s s qs
m
r
qs
m
r
qr R L s i
L
L
v
L
L
dt
d
( ) ( ) (22)
The dr expression can be written as
s s ds
m
r
ds
m
r
dr R L s i
L
L
v
L
L
dt
d
( ) ( ) (23)
= Estimated rotor frequency in rad/sec
Estimated
synchronous frequency in rad/sec.
Command
value of slip frequency in rad/sec
tan ( ) 1
dr
qr
e
(24)
And
[( ) ( )]
1 . .
2 dr qr qr dr dr qs qr ds
r
r i i
Lr
Lm
(25)
The block diagram for speed estimation using direct
synthesis from state equations as shown below
VIII. DESIGEN OF ADAPTIVE
VARIABLE STRUCTURE
CONTROLLER
Assuming the load torque, Tl to be a disturbance
to a system, the speed dynamic equation is simplified
as
f nosie
r
1
.
(26)
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r qs bi
J
f
1
1 (27)
And
*
dr
T
J
K
b (28)
To track the speed accurately in the second order
speed control system, the conditions to be satisfied
are
| 0 *
.
r r
r
and
| 0 *
..
r r
r
bi noise
J r r qs
.. . .
(29)
dr
qs
s r
i
p a
5 (30)
from the above following equation is obtained
ds qs r m ds qs
ds
qs
qs r i a i pa L i cv
i
i
i p a 4 1 3
.
( ) (31)
ds
qs
m ds
qs
r
r m
dr
qs
sl i
i
a
L i
i
L
i R L
a 5 . . 4
(32)
qs qs r m ds qs
i (a a )i P (1 a L )i cv 1 4 3
.
or
qs qs
i f cv 2
.
(33)
Where
qs r m ds f (a a )i P (1 a L )i 2 1 4 3
Substituting (3.2) and (3.6a) in (3.5a), we get
f bf bcv d
J r qs
1 2
..
(34)
G u d
r
..
(35)
Where d=total disturbance
And qs u bcv =control input
And 1 2 f bf
J
G
(36)
G is a function, which can be estimated from
measured values of current and speed. U is directly
proportional to and decides the modulating
signals and hence output voltage of the PWM voltage
source interver
Let
G G G
(37)
Where is an approximate of G, and is the
estimation error due to modelling imperfection.
The control problem is to obtain the system states,
T
r r X [ ]
.
(38)
To teack a specific time varying state, in the
modeling imperfection and disturbance.
Let r r e * (39)
And
e r r
. . . *
(40)
→
be the tracing error in the speed and its rate of
change respectively
Let
T E [ee]
.
be the tracking error
vector.
A time varying surface, s(t) is defined in the state
space by the scalar equation,
S(x, t) 0
Where
e e e
dt
d
S x t
.
( , ) ( ) (41)
λ is a positive constant which determines the band
width of the system.
Starting from the initial condition, E(0) = 0, the
tracking task, X →X*, which means x has to follow
X* with a predefined precision, is considered as
solved, if the state vector, E remains in the sliding
surface, S(t) for all t ≥ 0 and also implies that scalar
quantity s is kept at zero. A sufficient condition for
this behavior is to choose the control law, u of (3.8)
and (3.8a) so that
S
dt
d S
( )
2
1 2
IX. Design of Controller Gain
(42)
G G d s K r ( ) sgn( )
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(43)
= upper bound of the estimation error,
(G-
G )
dmax = upper bound of the noise, d, and
v = upper bound of command acceleration
r
The controller gain K is determined from the
maximum amount of imperfection in the estimation
process and maximum noise due to parameter
variations and disturbance (load torque). If modeling
imperfection and parameter variation is large, the
value of K should be large. Then discontinuous or
switched component (K.sgn(s))has a more
dominant role than the continuous or compensation
component, (- and lead to chattering.
Conversely, better knowledge of the system model
and parameter values reduces gain, K and results
smooth control response. If large control bandwidth
is available, poor knowledge of dynamic model may
lead to respectable tracking performance, and hence
large modelling efforts may produce only minor
improvement in tracking accuracy
v = upper bound of command acceleration
r
The controller gain K is determined from the
maximum amount of imperfection in the estimation
process and maximum noise due to parameter
variations and disturbance (load torque). If modelling
imperfection and parameter variation is large, the
value of K should be large. Then discontinuous or
switched component (K.sgn(s))has a more
dominant role than the continuous or compensation
component, (- and lead to chattering.
Conversely, better knowledge of the system model
and parameter values reduces gain, K and results
smooth control response. If large control bandwidth
is available, poor knowledge of dynamic model may
lead to respectable tracking performance, and hence
large modelling efforts may produce only minor
improvement in tracking accuracy
Fig. Adaptive Variable structure controller with
induction motor drive
Fig. step change in reference speed with adaptive
variable structure controller Speed
a)
b) Speed error
max max K ( G d
max G
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Fig . step change in reference speed with adaptive
variable structure controller
a) q-axis stator input voltage
b) d-and q-axis stator current
Fig. step change in reference speed with adaptive
variable structure controller
a) Stator phase current in amp
b) Control input,u in rads/s^3
Fig. Performance of the drive system under load
torque variations
a) with P-I controller
b) with adaptive voltage structure controller
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