1. BY
SYED FAYYAZUDDIN
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2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION
 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
 DRUGS
 USES
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3. INRODUCTION
 Acetylcholine.
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4. Receptor Location
M1 CNS, Postganglionic neurons.
M2 Myocardium, Smooth muscles.
M3 Exocrine glands, Smooth muscles.
M4 CNS
M5 CNS
M6 CNS
M7 CNS
M8 CNS
M9 CNS
M10 HEART
M11 BRONCHI
M12 BRONCHI
M13 CNS
NN Postganglionic neurons.
NM Skeletal muscles.
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7. MECHANISM OF ACTION
IP3 DAG cAMP Na+/K+
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8.  Blocks action of Ach on autonomic effectors through
muscarinic receptors.
 Competitive antagonists.
 Prototype Atropine.
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9. Classification
 1. Natural alkaloids:
 Atropine
 Hyoscine
 2. Semisynthetic derivatives:
 Homatropine
 Hyoscine butyl bromide
 Atropine methonitrate.
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10.  3. Synthetic compounds:
A.Mydriatics:
 Tropicamide
B.Antisecretory-antispasmodic:
 Dicyclomine.
 Propanthaline.
 Biperden.
C.Antiparkinsonian:
 Tryhexyl phenidyl.
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11.  GANGLIONIC BLOCKING AGENTS.
 COMPETATIVE BLOCKERS
 Hexamethonium
 Mecamylamine
 PERSISTANT DEPOLARISING BLOCKERS
 Nicotine
 Anticholinesterases
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12. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
 CNS
 Stimulates many medullary centres.
 Vagal, respiratory and vasomotor.
 Anti-motion sickness property.
 High dose cause
 Restlessness
 Disorientation
 Hallucinations
 Respiratory depression
 Coma.
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13.  CVS
 primarily in modifications of the heart rate:
 very low dose, it can give a slight cardiac slowing
 therapeutic dose there is generally cardiac acceleration
 It does not have vascular effects since there is no
parasympathetic tonus on the vessels but it inhibits
vasodilatation caused by an intravenous injection of
acetylcholine.
 It does not induce modifications of arterial pressure in spite
of increased cardiac rate.
 in very high or toxic dose, it induces a fall of the arterial
pressure by depression of the vasomotor centers
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14. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
 EYS
 Mydriasis
 Cycloplegia
 Photophobia.
 SMOOTH MUSCLES
 Relaxation
 M3 Blokade
 Tone is reduced
 Constipation
 Bronchodilation (asthma)
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15. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
 GLANDS
 Sweat
 Bronchial secretions
 Lacrinal secretions.
 Acid, pepsin and mucus in stomach.
 BODY TEMPERATURE
 Inhibition of sweating
 Temperature regulatory centre in hypothalamus
 Atropine fever
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16. Sensitivity
Gastric
glands and
smooth
muscle.
Smooth
muscle
intestine and
bladder.
Eye,
bronchial
muscle and
heart.
Saliva ,
sweat,
bronchial
secretions.
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17. TROPICAMIDE
 Blocks the response of sphincter muscle of iris and ciliary
muscles to cholinergic stimulation thus causing mydriasis.
 Stronger preparation also paralyzes accommodation.
 Acts within 15-30 m and duration is 3-8 h.
 typically used during eye examinations such as the dilated
fundus examination, but it may also be used before or after eye
surgery.

19.  ADVERSE REACTIONS:
 Blurred vision
 Photo phobia
 Increased intraocular pressure
 Dry mouth
 Tachycardia
 Headache
 Allergic reactions
 Nausea
 Vomiting

20. DICYCLOMINE
 It is a smooth muscle relaxant.
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome (also known as spastic colon).
 It relieves muscle spasms and cramping in the gastrointestinal
tract by blocking the activity of acetylcholine on cholinergic
(muscarinic) receptors on the surface of muscle cells.

21. ADVERSE REACTIONS:
 Dry mouth
 Tachycardia
 Headache
 Allergic reactions
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 confusion
 agitation

22. HEXAMETHONIUM
 Ganglionic blocker
 N receptor antagonist, acts in autonomic ganglia.
 Does not have any effect on muscarinic Ach receptors.
 Acts at receptors at neuromuscular junction responsible for
skeletal muscle motor response.

23.  ADVERSE EFFECTS :
 Constipation
 Urinary retention
 Glaucoma
 Blurry vision
 Decreased lacrymal secretion
 Dry mouth (xerostomia)

24. USES
 Antisecretory
 Preanaesthtic
 The main reasons for using anticholinergic drugs were
drying of secretions and protection against vagal over
activity.
 Blocks responses to vegal refluxes induced by sergical
manipulations of visceral organs.
 Peptic ulcer
 Pulmonary embolism
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25.  Antispasmodic
 Spactic constipation
 Nervous and drug induced diarrhoea.
 Asthama, COPD
 Cardiac vagolytic
 Bradycardia
 Central actions
 Parkinsonism
 Motion sickness
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26. References
 Tripathi KD. Anticholinergic drugs.In Essentials of medical
Pharmacology. 5th ed. JP Brothers Medical publishers (P) Ltd:
New Delhi; 2003. pp. 93-102.
 Katzung, Bertram.G, Basic and clinical pharmacology.10th ed.
Mc Graw Hill. USA(NY); 2006. pp. 482-9.
 Goodman & Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis Of
Therapeutics. 11th ed. Mc Graw Hill. USA(NY); 2006. pp. 121-
9.
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