This document summarizes a presentation about ganglions and ganglion stimulants and blockers. It defines a ganglion as a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the autonomic nervous system. It describes how ganglion stimulants like nicotine activate nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons. These stimulants are used to help people quit smoking by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Ganglion blockers inhibit transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons by antagonizing nicotinic receptors. They were previously used to treat hypertension but caused intolerable side effects. The document outlines the mechanisms, effects, uses and side effects of both ganglion stimulants and blockers

1. Bangabandhu SheikhMujiburRahmanScience & TechnologyUniversity
A presentation on Ganglion
Stimulants & Blocking agents
Presentedby
Md.ShimulBhuia
St.ID:16PHR003
Departmentof Pharmacy,BSMRSTU

2. Ganglion
A ganglion is a nerve cell
cluster or a group of
nerve cell bodies located
in the autonomic nervous
system and sensory
system

3. Ganglion stimulants

4. Ganglionic stimulants
Agents that mimic neural transmission by
stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on
postganglionic autonomic neurons
e.g-Nicotine, lobeline, verenicline

5. Ganglion stimulants
Selective nicotinic
agonists
Nicotine(small dose)
Lobeline
Dimethyl phenyl
Tetramethyl ammonium(TMA)
Varenicline
• Non
Selective/Muscarinic
agonists
Acetylcholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine
Anticholiester

6. Mechanism of ganglion stimulants

7. Actions
Activation of nicotinic
receptors on the plasma
membrane of the cells of
the adrenal medulla
Exocytotic release of E and NE
• Stimulation of nicotinic
receptors at NMJ
Contraction of skeletal muscle
Actions

8. Treatment of smoking cessation/quiting
tobacco chewing
Majority of smokers ( tobacco chewers) wish to quit smoking/chewing,
but fail to do so because of nicotine dependence
Measure to help smokers quit is counseling and motivation
The goals of pharmacotherapy are
To reduce the craving foe the satisfying (reward) effects of nicotine
To suppress the physical withdrawal symptoms of nicotine

9. The drugs currently utilized for the above goals are
Nicotine replacement (nicotinic chewing gum)
Partial agonists of α4β2 NRs (Varenicline)
Antidepressants (Bupropion)

10. Ganglion blockers

11. Definition
A ganglionic blocker (ganglioplegic) is a type of medication that inhibits
transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the
Autonomic Nervous System, often by acting as a nicotinic receptor
antagonist.

12. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in airways. M1 are localized to parasympathetic ganglia. M2
on postganglionic cholinergic nerve terminals inhibit the release of Ach. M3 that constrict
airway smooth muscle.

13. CLASSIFICATION

15. Effects of blocking agent
Ganglionic blockers block both the parasympathetic nervous system and
sympathetic nervous system, the effect of these drugs depends upon the dominant
tone in the organ system.

16. Mechanism of action

17. Antihypertensive use
The competitive ganglion blockers were used in the 1950s for hypertension and peptic
ulcer but have been totally replaced now because they produce a number of intolerable
side effects

18. Indication of ganglion blocker
Malignant hypertension.
Neurosurgery to control hypotension.
Orthopedic surgery to control hypotension.
Autonomic hyper reflexia.

19. Side effects
Cardiovascular: Orthostatic hypotension with or without reflex
tachycardia
ENT/glands: xerostomia, dry eyes, blurred vision, reduced bronchial
secretion, hypohidrosis
GIT: gastroparesis, constipation, urinary retention
Sexual dysfunction: failure of erection and ejaculation
in overdose risk of peripheral circulatory collapse (shock) and paralytic
ileus

20. Any question?

21. Thank you