This document discusses online healthcare communities and how they function as communities of practice. Key points:
- Online health communities allow people with rare, severe, or mysterious health issues to connect with others facing similar challenges.
- While not all online health groups constitute true communities of practice, some display the key properties of shared domain, community, and practice around a health issue.
- Within larger online health forums, social network analysis can identify dense clusters that may operate as communities of practice for sharing specialized health knowledge and skills.
- As with offline communities, online health groups use both explicit and implicit socialization techniques to induct new members and establish norms.
This document discusses the characteristics and structures of online communities. It defines online communities as groups that come together online for a specific purpose and are guided by shared policies. It describes how social networks form the underlying structure, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships and experiencing interactions. Information and influences flow between these nodes. Successful online communities feature open conversations, a sense of members' presence, democratic control, agreed-upon standards of behavior, and sufficient participation levels. Ideas spread through these communities like memes transmitted from person to person. Opinion leaders influence others' attitudes, acting as influencers through their social connections and capital within the community.
This document discusses online communities and social networks. It defines online communities as groups of people who come together online for a specific purpose and are supported by internet access. Examples of online communities include social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Buzzfeed. It also discusses how social networks are structured, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships, and how information and influences flow between nodes. Key characteristics of online communities include conversations between members, members' online presence, democratic control by members, standards of behavior, and varying levels of member participation. The document also covers how ideas and memes spread widely in communities through opinion leaders and networks of social ties.
This document discusses social networks and social networking sites. It defines social networks as social structures made of individuals connected by relationships. It outlines the origin of social networking sites from the late 1990s and early 2000s, including sites oriented towards different purposes like professional networking, dating, shared interests, and colleges. Popular current social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and others. The document also discusses metrics for analyzing social networks like degree centrality and betweenness centrality. It notes privacy and security concerns with social media use.
This document discusses social networks and social networking sites. It defines social networks as social structures made of individuals connected by relationships. It outlines the origin of social networking sites from the late 1990s and early 2000s and describes some of the most popular sites today, including Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. It also discusses how social networks can be analyzed through metrics like degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality. Finally, it touches on privacy, security, and psychological issues related to social media use.
1) Early online communities developed in the 1970s with bulletin board systems and multiplayer games. Social networks emerged in the 1990s.
2) Digital communities allow people to form new connections regardless of location and share common interests. However, some people doubt the authenticity of online connections or worry they replace local ties.
3) While an online community does not require shared physical space, platforms and meeting places like forums provide a sense of "cyberspace". Norms and roles develop from social interactions within these shared online spaces.
What does it take to build an online community? Using Social Networking to Pr...Ana Tellez
Presented on August 13, 2009 at the CDC National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, and Media
Presentation covers
1. Trends and Statistics of social networking sites overall and online communities
2. Be Active Online Community development and lessons learned
3. Showcase of our other social media tools
This document discusses a case study on using open educational resources (OER) to share knowledge about animal slaughter across boundaries. Focus group discussions revealed both benefits and challenges. Benefits included establishing a common high-quality source, increasing transparency and trust. However, controversial content risks creating conflicts and misinterpretations, especially with emotional topics and small communities. Effectively moderating polarized discussions is time-consuming. Overall, OER has potential to both resolve and create tensions when sharing sensitive industry knowledge across boundaries.
This document discusses the characteristics and structures of online communities. It defines online communities as groups that come together online for a specific purpose and are guided by shared policies. It describes how social networks form the underlying structure, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships and experiencing interactions. Information and influences flow between these nodes. Successful online communities feature open conversations, a sense of members' presence, democratic control, agreed-upon standards of behavior, and sufficient participation levels. Ideas spread through these communities like memes transmitted from person to person. Opinion leaders influence others' attitudes, acting as influencers through their social connections and capital within the community.
This document discusses online communities and social networks. It defines online communities as groups of people who come together online for a specific purpose and are supported by internet access. Examples of online communities include social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Buzzfeed. It also discusses how social networks are structured, with nodes (people/organizations) connected by relationships, and how information and influences flow between nodes. Key characteristics of online communities include conversations between members, members' online presence, democratic control by members, standards of behavior, and varying levels of member participation. The document also covers how ideas and memes spread widely in communities through opinion leaders and networks of social ties.
This document discusses social networks and social networking sites. It defines social networks as social structures made of individuals connected by relationships. It outlines the origin of social networking sites from the late 1990s and early 2000s, including sites oriented towards different purposes like professional networking, dating, shared interests, and colleges. Popular current social networking sites include Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and others. The document also discusses metrics for analyzing social networks like degree centrality and betweenness centrality. It notes privacy and security concerns with social media use.
This document discusses social networks and social networking sites. It defines social networks as social structures made of individuals connected by relationships. It outlines the origin of social networking sites from the late 1990s and early 2000s and describes some of the most popular sites today, including Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. It also discusses how social networks can be analyzed through metrics like degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality. Finally, it touches on privacy, security, and psychological issues related to social media use.
1) Early online communities developed in the 1970s with bulletin board systems and multiplayer games. Social networks emerged in the 1990s.
2) Digital communities allow people to form new connections regardless of location and share common interests. However, some people doubt the authenticity of online connections or worry they replace local ties.
3) While an online community does not require shared physical space, platforms and meeting places like forums provide a sense of "cyberspace". Norms and roles develop from social interactions within these shared online spaces.
What does it take to build an online community? Using Social Networking to Pr...Ana Tellez
Presented on August 13, 2009 at the CDC National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, and Media
Presentation covers
1. Trends and Statistics of social networking sites overall and online communities
2. Be Active Online Community development and lessons learned
3. Showcase of our other social media tools
This document discusses a case study on using open educational resources (OER) to share knowledge about animal slaughter across boundaries. Focus group discussions revealed both benefits and challenges. Benefits included establishing a common high-quality source, increasing transparency and trust. However, controversial content risks creating conflicts and misinterpretations, especially with emotional topics and small communities. Effectively moderating polarized discussions is time-consuming. Overall, OER has potential to both resolve and create tensions when sharing sensitive industry knowledge across boundaries.
Analysis of Twitter Post on School Committee in IndonesiaNisa Faridz
The document analyzes tweets about School Committees in Indonesia and finds that the network structure consists of several small and medium clusters with some prominent news and media accounts acting as information brokers. The dominant issue discussed in the tweets is the perceived ineffectiveness and negative portrayal of School Committees. The "important tweeters" spreading information about this issue are mainly large mass media organizations rather than individuals or educational groups.
2008 - ICWSM - Marc Smith - Some Dimensions Of Social MediaMarc Smith
The document discusses several dimensions of social media, including who produces and consumes it, how large social groups are, and how interactive social media objects are. It examines topics like ownership and control of social media content, the roles and connections of people in social media producing groups, and new forms of social interaction enabled by sensors and location-based technologies.
New media gave people an alternate spaces and ways to articulate and express creating a virtual global village of sorts. This article describes the state of affairs from 2006/7.
This document discusses older people's use of online social networking and the internet. It finds that about a third of older people regularly use the internet, valuing email and hobby sites. Social networking sites are increasingly used by older generations to stay connected with family and friends. While social networking can increase feelings of community, it may also reinforce individualism and digital divides for those without access. More research is needed on how older adults use social media.
This document provides an agenda for a class on social media that includes discussions on various social media terms and concepts. It outlines activities for students, such as defining social media and discussing the differences between social media "visitors" and "residents". It also lists various readings and resources for students to explore key topics in social media research, such as network analysis, tie strength, and strategic planning for social media initiatives. The document provides links to external resources and materials to support the activities and assignments for the class.
The document summarizes key concepts related to literacy, media literacy, information literacy, and knowledge societies. It discusses definitions of literacy from being able to read and write to a more expanded concept. Media literacy is defined as the ability to access, analyze and respond to various media. Information literacy involves being able to locate, evaluate and use information effectively. A knowledge society focuses on using information to build and apply knowledge for development. Various sources and formats of information are also outlined.
Cultural heritage organizations are collaborating with community partners to tell history in innovative and interactive ways.
How do we design workflows to capture community content, how can we share content “sustainably”, and why does it matter? This session will focus on best practices for gathering community contributions whether you’re collaborating in a physical space or virtually. We’ll share some “lessons learned” on working with cultural heritage data.
The document summarizes two research projects on refugees' integration and social networks among ethnic groups and people in poverty. It discusses key findings such as the importance of family, community groups, and language skills for integration and moving out of poverty. Barriers like racism, lack of time and confidence were also examined. Recommendations focused on improving language access, developing social networks, and prioritizing support for vulnerable groups.
How communities curate knowledge & how ontologists can help -Eurecom--2015-01-19jodischneider
This document discusses how communities curate knowledge and how ontologists can help. It describes how a community accumulates and persuades each other of facts through shared tasks and communication. The author developed an ontology and semantic enrichment of deletion discussions on Wikipedia to organize arguments according to the community's criteria of notability, sources, maintenance, and bias. A user test found the alternate interface using the ontology was preferred as it structured information and provided an overview of key arguments for each criteria. The process involves understanding a community, developing a model of their process, building a computer support system, and testing and refining the system.
AAPOR - comparing found data from social media and made data from surveysCliff Lampe
This presentation was for the 2014 AAPOR conference, and deals with specific components of how "big data" from social media is different from data acquired through surveys.
This document discusses how networks, such as social networks and communities of practice, can be leveraged to support humanitarian aid efforts. It defines social networks as structures of interconnected individuals or groups, and communities of practice as networks that focus on sharing knowledge about a particular practice. Successful networks are reflexive and generative, focusing on learning and knowledge exchange. There are new online tools that allow for networking, which can change the dynamics of how networks operate. Cultivating effective communities of practice involves building on existing networks, focusing on an important domain, and developing both public and private sharing spaces.
The document discusses collective intelligence and its key principles of openness, peering, sharing, and acting globally. It notes that collective intelligence relies on group interaction and provides examples. The document also outlines some pros and cons of collective intelligence, including accessible community and free recognition as pros, and overload of freedom, tainted knowledge, and loss of privacy as cons. It concludes by noting the future of collective intelligence and listing several references on the topic.
A lightening talk done at work on Wikipedia and its quirksCathy Ma
The document discusses different aspects of Wikipedia communities and governance. It outlines the taxonomy of different types of Wikipedia users from casual surfers to administrators. It also describes Wikipedia's core policies of assuming good faith, neutral point of view, and applying social sanctions like rewards and punishments. Networks on Wikipedia are discussed in relation to information flow and bridging different user groups.
Applications of SNA Week 4: Health networksDharmiKapadia
This document provides an overview of how social networks are studied in relation to health. It discusses how health has traditionally been studied separately from a physical and mental perspective, focusing on individual characteristics. However, it notes that social networks may influence health through spreading behaviors like obesity. The document then discusses different methods for studying social networks, including whole network and ego-centric approaches. Specific topics covered in more depth include how social networks relate to mental health, managing long-term health conditions, and the role of pets and social relationships in chronic illness management. It concludes by outlining the author's PhD research on how social networks influence mental health service usage among Pakistani women.
The document summarizes Katherine Chuang's candidacy exam which analyzes social interactions in online health social networking. It outlines her research agenda, including examining how social media platforms impact health-related social support exchanges and the different roles and interactions that occur on health social networking sites. Her goal is to understand these dynamics in order to help design more effective online health communities and interventions.
Best Paper Award winning paper presented at ASONAM 2015.
Derek Doran, Samir Yelne, Luisa Massari, Maria-Carla Calzarossa, LaTrelle Jackson, Glen MoriartyDept. of CSE, Professional Psych, Wright State University, USADept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Eng., University of Pavia, Italy
7 Cups of Tea, Inc.
http://knoesis.wright.edu/doran
This document discusses FAO's use of Dgroups, an online discussion platform, to facilitate knowledge sharing and technical discussions among its internal and external networks. It provides details on the growth of Dgroups membership and its various uses. The document also examines one specific Dgroups network called "food-for-cities" and discusses challenges around moderating discussions, engaging private sector members, and evolving the network from an email list to a more collaborative community.
Social media can spread both health information and misinformation. Models of diffusion show how ideas spread through social networks and are influenced by network structure. Vaccine hesitancy spreads online through complex social contagion processes and is influenced by theories from various disciplines. Understanding how misinformation diffuses on social networks can help address public health issues.
Director Lee Rainie gave a keynote address in Newport, R.I. to a conference of the North Atlantic Health Science Libraries. More: http://pewinternet.org/Presentations/2010/Oct/North-Atlantic-Health-Science-Libraries.aspx
This study tested four key components of diffusion theory in an internet environment: adopter categories, mass communication channels, cosmopolitan experience, and gender. The researcher surveyed 842 college students about their media use and found that earlier adopters of internet news were more likely to be cosmopolitan males who regularly consumed news from multiple channels, including online, cable, and local sources. Gender was a strong predictor of when students adopted internet news and influenced the relationship between adoption and reading online news. The study provided empirical support for aspects of diffusion theory in a digital context.
The Use of Social Networks in the prevention of childhood obesityRomina Cialdella
The document discusses using social networks to help prevent childhood obesity. It notes that childhood obesity rates have doubled or tripled in most countries over the past 30 years. Social networks can help educate the public, reach large audiences, strengthen support networks, and mobilize key actors. Objectives include facilitating the dissemination of health information through social networks. Research is needed to identify influential online figures to engage and help spread information. Messages should be clear, concise, relevant and call people to action. Social networks allow two-way communication and participation in health.
Analysis of Twitter Post on School Committee in IndonesiaNisa Faridz
The document analyzes tweets about School Committees in Indonesia and finds that the network structure consists of several small and medium clusters with some prominent news and media accounts acting as information brokers. The dominant issue discussed in the tweets is the perceived ineffectiveness and negative portrayal of School Committees. The "important tweeters" spreading information about this issue are mainly large mass media organizations rather than individuals or educational groups.
2008 - ICWSM - Marc Smith - Some Dimensions Of Social MediaMarc Smith
The document discusses several dimensions of social media, including who produces and consumes it, how large social groups are, and how interactive social media objects are. It examines topics like ownership and control of social media content, the roles and connections of people in social media producing groups, and new forms of social interaction enabled by sensors and location-based technologies.
New media gave people an alternate spaces and ways to articulate and express creating a virtual global village of sorts. This article describes the state of affairs from 2006/7.
This document discusses older people's use of online social networking and the internet. It finds that about a third of older people regularly use the internet, valuing email and hobby sites. Social networking sites are increasingly used by older generations to stay connected with family and friends. While social networking can increase feelings of community, it may also reinforce individualism and digital divides for those without access. More research is needed on how older adults use social media.
This document provides an agenda for a class on social media that includes discussions on various social media terms and concepts. It outlines activities for students, such as defining social media and discussing the differences between social media "visitors" and "residents". It also lists various readings and resources for students to explore key topics in social media research, such as network analysis, tie strength, and strategic planning for social media initiatives. The document provides links to external resources and materials to support the activities and assignments for the class.
The document summarizes key concepts related to literacy, media literacy, information literacy, and knowledge societies. It discusses definitions of literacy from being able to read and write to a more expanded concept. Media literacy is defined as the ability to access, analyze and respond to various media. Information literacy involves being able to locate, evaluate and use information effectively. A knowledge society focuses on using information to build and apply knowledge for development. Various sources and formats of information are also outlined.
Cultural heritage organizations are collaborating with community partners to tell history in innovative and interactive ways.
How do we design workflows to capture community content, how can we share content “sustainably”, and why does it matter? This session will focus on best practices for gathering community contributions whether you’re collaborating in a physical space or virtually. We’ll share some “lessons learned” on working with cultural heritage data.
The document summarizes two research projects on refugees' integration and social networks among ethnic groups and people in poverty. It discusses key findings such as the importance of family, community groups, and language skills for integration and moving out of poverty. Barriers like racism, lack of time and confidence were also examined. Recommendations focused on improving language access, developing social networks, and prioritizing support for vulnerable groups.
How communities curate knowledge & how ontologists can help -Eurecom--2015-01-19jodischneider
This document discusses how communities curate knowledge and how ontologists can help. It describes how a community accumulates and persuades each other of facts through shared tasks and communication. The author developed an ontology and semantic enrichment of deletion discussions on Wikipedia to organize arguments according to the community's criteria of notability, sources, maintenance, and bias. A user test found the alternate interface using the ontology was preferred as it structured information and provided an overview of key arguments for each criteria. The process involves understanding a community, developing a model of their process, building a computer support system, and testing and refining the system.
AAPOR - comparing found data from social media and made data from surveysCliff Lampe
This presentation was for the 2014 AAPOR conference, and deals with specific components of how "big data" from social media is different from data acquired through surveys.
This document discusses how networks, such as social networks and communities of practice, can be leveraged to support humanitarian aid efforts. It defines social networks as structures of interconnected individuals or groups, and communities of practice as networks that focus on sharing knowledge about a particular practice. Successful networks are reflexive and generative, focusing on learning and knowledge exchange. There are new online tools that allow for networking, which can change the dynamics of how networks operate. Cultivating effective communities of practice involves building on existing networks, focusing on an important domain, and developing both public and private sharing spaces.
The document discusses collective intelligence and its key principles of openness, peering, sharing, and acting globally. It notes that collective intelligence relies on group interaction and provides examples. The document also outlines some pros and cons of collective intelligence, including accessible community and free recognition as pros, and overload of freedom, tainted knowledge, and loss of privacy as cons. It concludes by noting the future of collective intelligence and listing several references on the topic.
A lightening talk done at work on Wikipedia and its quirksCathy Ma
The document discusses different aspects of Wikipedia communities and governance. It outlines the taxonomy of different types of Wikipedia users from casual surfers to administrators. It also describes Wikipedia's core policies of assuming good faith, neutral point of view, and applying social sanctions like rewards and punishments. Networks on Wikipedia are discussed in relation to information flow and bridging different user groups.
Applications of SNA Week 4: Health networksDharmiKapadia
This document provides an overview of how social networks are studied in relation to health. It discusses how health has traditionally been studied separately from a physical and mental perspective, focusing on individual characteristics. However, it notes that social networks may influence health through spreading behaviors like obesity. The document then discusses different methods for studying social networks, including whole network and ego-centric approaches. Specific topics covered in more depth include how social networks relate to mental health, managing long-term health conditions, and the role of pets and social relationships in chronic illness management. It concludes by outlining the author's PhD research on how social networks influence mental health service usage among Pakistani women.
The document summarizes Katherine Chuang's candidacy exam which analyzes social interactions in online health social networking. It outlines her research agenda, including examining how social media platforms impact health-related social support exchanges and the different roles and interactions that occur on health social networking sites. Her goal is to understand these dynamics in order to help design more effective online health communities and interventions.
Best Paper Award winning paper presented at ASONAM 2015.
Derek Doran, Samir Yelne, Luisa Massari, Maria-Carla Calzarossa, LaTrelle Jackson, Glen MoriartyDept. of CSE, Professional Psych, Wright State University, USADept. of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Eng., University of Pavia, Italy
7 Cups of Tea, Inc.
http://knoesis.wright.edu/doran
This document discusses FAO's use of Dgroups, an online discussion platform, to facilitate knowledge sharing and technical discussions among its internal and external networks. It provides details on the growth of Dgroups membership and its various uses. The document also examines one specific Dgroups network called "food-for-cities" and discusses challenges around moderating discussions, engaging private sector members, and evolving the network from an email list to a more collaborative community.
Social media can spread both health information and misinformation. Models of diffusion show how ideas spread through social networks and are influenced by network structure. Vaccine hesitancy spreads online through complex social contagion processes and is influenced by theories from various disciplines. Understanding how misinformation diffuses on social networks can help address public health issues.
Director Lee Rainie gave a keynote address in Newport, R.I. to a conference of the North Atlantic Health Science Libraries. More: http://pewinternet.org/Presentations/2010/Oct/North-Atlantic-Health-Science-Libraries.aspx
This study tested four key components of diffusion theory in an internet environment: adopter categories, mass communication channels, cosmopolitan experience, and gender. The researcher surveyed 842 college students about their media use and found that earlier adopters of internet news were more likely to be cosmopolitan males who regularly consumed news from multiple channels, including online, cable, and local sources. Gender was a strong predictor of when students adopted internet news and influenced the relationship between adoption and reading online news. The study provided empirical support for aspects of diffusion theory in a digital context.
The Use of Social Networks in the prevention of childhood obesityRomina Cialdella
The document discusses using social networks to help prevent childhood obesity. It notes that childhood obesity rates have doubled or tripled in most countries over the past 30 years. Social networks can help educate the public, reach large audiences, strengthen support networks, and mobilize key actors. Objectives include facilitating the dissemination of health information through social networks. Research is needed to identify influential online figures to engage and help spread information. Messages should be clear, concise, relevant and call people to action. Social networks allow two-way communication and participation in health.
Social Media - A Connected Way of Life: Lessons from using social media to ad...Sarah Amani
The role of social media in enhancing connection and communities has been under question for some time. Using several case studies, a case is made to improve the digital literacy and social media capabilities of healthcare staff in order to amplify their effect and impact.
These slides are for my talk for the Somerville College Mathematics Reunion ("Somerville Maths Reunion", 6/24/17): http://www.some.ox.ac.uk/event/somerville-maths-reunion/
Social Media, Medicine and Health Literacy: Chronic Disease PreventionCameron Norman
A presentation made to the International Roundtable on Health Literacy and Chronic Disease Management held in Vancouver, BC from May 1-4th and sponsored by the Peter Wall Centre for Advanced Studies.
Social networks play a key role in shaping human behavior and outcomes. Research shows that individuals influence and are influenced by their social networks. Networks can spread emotions and behaviors through interconnection. Understanding social networks could inform public policy by revealing how small interventions may have large effects through network transmission. Further research is needed to better understand how values interact with different types of social networks and how to effectively impact networks to drive social change.
Sunstein argues that while filtering online content allows individual choice, it can also fragment society and polarize groups. In a diverse society, people need exposure to unexpected ideas and shared experiences to bring them together. However, the internet allows extreme specialization and fragmentation as people choose only like-minded sites, worsening polarization over time through social cascades and groupthink. Sunstein proposes some policy options like voluntary self-regulation or subsidizing diverse public spheres to address these issues.
The RSA is piloting a social network-based intervention called Social Mirror to increase wellbeing in deprived areas of England. Social Mirror builds on the RSA's work using social network analysis for social policy outcomes. It provides individuals a map of their social connections to help address health issues like depression and isolation linked to poor health. In a pilot, over 150 users found the tool helpful, with some joining new groups, feeling less isolated, and inspired to participate more locally. Healthcare practitioners could use Social Mirror to better understand community resources and prescribe social activities to improve health outcomes, though evidence of its economic impacts is still emerging. The pilot suggests it helps users feel more part of their community and knowledgeable about local opportunities.
The document discusses several key challenges facing large information systems like the Library of Congress, including fragmentation, findability, and complexity. It notes that users struggle to know which sites to visit for different purposes or find what they need from the home page. Even worse, most potential users never access the Library's resources because they are not easily findable. The document advocates mapping systems and contexts and sharing those maps in order to create environments for understanding.
This presentation highlights how today’s changing information ecology, specifically the increasing use of social media and mobile technologies, has altered the way consumers access and interact with news and information.
The document summarizes a presentation about using new media such as blogs, wikis, social networks, podcasts, RSS feeds, and text messaging in HIV prevention programs. It discusses what these tools are, who is using them, and provides examples of how organizations like AIDS.gov and the CDC are leveraging new media. The presentation encourages attendees to experiment with these new media channels to engage clients and distribute health information more effectively.
This document summarizes a MOOC called Dying2Learn created by CareSearch to improve understanding of death and dying in Australia. The 4-module MOOC covered topics like societal attitudes, representations of death in art/media, the role of medicine, and digital legacies. Over 600 people participated, forming online communities. Products included word clouds of feelings about death, posters promoting "deathwise" messages, and a document sharing resources. The MOOC was successful in starting conversations and empowering participants to discuss death. CareSearch plans to run the MOOC again and continue the conversation through social media.
Similar to Sxsw digital primitives presentation final (20)
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
3. All online communities share traits—but health‐All online communities share traits but health
focused communities are different
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html
5. Since the beginning, the internet (and usenet before)Since the beginning, the internet (and usenet before)
has enabled health focused communities
• Non‐co‐located forums allowed/fostered discussions of issues that were
– Rare (genetic disorders)
– Highly impactful (spinal cord injuries)
– Had few options (cancer)
– Were defined in some sense by a mystery (fibromyalgia)y y y ( y g )
6. h d f h l hWe have entered a new era of healthcare
More informationMore information
Greater self‐management
M di l i i f l i iMedical practice moving from relation transaction
7. What do we know and what can we learn aboutWhat do we know, and what can we learn, about
online health‐related communities?
[A] b f l ti di i li t I h f d it h d t id ki...[A]s a member of several active discussion lists, I have found it hard to avoid making
comparisons between those cybercommunities and other communities of which I am a
member. I have wondered, for example, if such communities act like face‐to‐face
communities in socializnig new members and whether (and, if so, how) language choices g ( f ) g g
made by long‐term members of the community work to accomplish this goal.
Professor Heidi Hamilton, 1998
Hamilton, HE. 1998. Reported speech and survivor identity in on‐line bone marrow transplantation
narratives. Journal of Sociolinguistics 111: 53‐67
8. " ” h d"Primitive” ≠ unsophisticated
http://flickr.com/photos/44577875@N08/4909683043
10. h h d h l k hNaming what they are and how we look at them
The study of… Communities
• Netnography
• Digital ethnography
• Virtual anthropology
• Usergroup
• Chatroom
• NewsgroupVirtual anthropology
• Cyber anthropology
Newsgroup
• Webring
• Online community
• Virtual community• Virtual community
• Disease‐specific patient network
A th i ti ?Are these emic or etic?
11. l h l h fOnline healthcare communities of practice
• Community of Practice originally posited by Jean Lave and Étienne Wenger to explain
situated learning (e.g., apprenticeships)
“Communities of practice are groups of people who p g p p p
share a concern or a passion for something they do
and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.”
13. People who share a health issue don’t automaticallyPeople who share a health issue don t automatically
constitute a Community of Practice
• But... Online healthcare forums may host self‐organizing groups of participants
with the properties of a CoP:
• Domain: shared health issue
– Type 2 diabetes
Al h i ’ i– Alzheimer’s caregiver
– HEXA mutation carrier
• Community: sustained mutual interaction
– Users regular communicate view newsgroup, forum postings, chat, etc.Users regular communicate view newsgroup, forum postings, chat, etc.
– Establish and maintain relationships
• Practice: specialized knowledge and skills required to
– Manage symptoms,
– Evaluate treatment options,
– Navigate health care system,
– Get through the night
14. bDiabetesHUB, 1 Jan 2012 – 31 Mar 2012
• Activity
– 3,776 posts in 381 threads
– 406 distinct users
• No ‘average’ user
296– Top user wrote 296 posts
– 63 users posted at least 10 times
– 177 users (44%) only posted once
• Power lawsPower laws
– 80% of the posts are from 18% of the users
– Scale invariance
15. d h h h bFinding the communities within the DiabetesHUB
• Users construct links by posting in the
same thread
• Network of users forms a loosely
connected ‘small world’ network
• There are a few highly central users and
lots of peripheral ones
• Some overlapping areas of dense
connectionsconnections
16. d h h h bFinding the communities within the DiabetesHUB
• Graph clustering algorithms find
structure hidden in the network
• Users seem to organize themselves into
clusters with up to about 100 members
• Users in a cluster have many links with
each other, but are less likely to be
linked with users outside the cluster
• Heavier users may be members of more• Heavier users may be members of more
than one cluster, peripheral users may
not be a member of any
• But, are clusters communities of
practice?
Lancichinetti A, Radicchi F, Ramasco JJ, Fortunato S (2011) Finding Statistically Significant Communities in Networks.
PLoS ONE 6(4): e18961. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018961
17. ld h l hSome old‐school techniques
• All of the things that are studied closely by social and cultural anthropologists can be, by
extension, studied in these groups:
– Kinship terminology
– Explicit and implicit norms of interaction
– Joining rituals
– Specific “spaces” (taboo, ritual, private...)
– Named events (“coming of age”, “the talk”...)
By necessity, practices are modified to adjust to purely textual
nature of the relationships.p
19. l lImplicit socialization
The local, sequential function that a specific narrative fulfills may often be the q f p f f f y f
sharing of information or experience with other members of the community. If this
information is conveyed by means of a narrative complete with reported speech,
the language used may contribute significantly to the global function of helping to
socialize readers of that posting into a survivor identitysocialize readers of that posting into a survivor identity.
Heidi Hamilton, on the implicit and explicit functions of narrative in the
“S BMT” i“SupportBMT” community
20. d l “l l ” f b hJoining and explicit “levels” of membership
• Member Rankings
• Designation & Post Count
– Lurker 0‐4
– Newbie 5‐149
b 0 999– Member 150‐1999
– Advanced Member 2000‐4999
– Super Advanced 5000‐9999
– Super Geek 10000
http://www.apparelyzed.com/forums/forum‐51/announcement‐9‐read‐this‐first‐beginners‐guide‐to‐
using‐this‐forum/
21. d h d h hEncoding who you are and why you are here
• “Hello everyone, I'm new to the board. I'm not a diabetic as far as I know; e o e e yo e, e to t e boa d ot a d abet c as a as o ;
however, I have been checking my blood sugar recently because I tend to feel
bad after eating. Also, I've lost 7 pounds in the last year despite that fact that I'm
still a growing young adult. I've seen my fasting blood sugar 78‐98mg/dL (4.3‐
5.3mmol) I've been getting high 1‐hour readings postprandial. All readings 2‐
hours post prandial are below 120mg/dL, which I've read is okay. For example,
40 minutes after eating a bowl of soy milk and oats (275 calories) my blood
sugar read 177mg/dL... The 2‐hour postprandial was fine though. I've caught it
at 176 and 160 on other occasions too. Is it normal for my blood sugar to spike
that much? or should I get tested for A1c levels or get an oral glucose tolerance
test? I know this is a rather long post, so I thank you very much for your time
and effort!”
22. h “ h lk” l h 'Speech events— “The Talk” in Alzheimer's Disease
How do I enforce the no driving rule and the no guns rule?g g
Later this week, the doctor plans to tell my husband he can no longer drive. My
husband was an on‐the‐road salesman nearly all of his adult life. To him, driving is
second nature...or so he thinks. How am I going to enforce this?
Within 2 days, 42 responses
http://www.agingcare.com/Questions/enforce‐no‐driving‐and‐no‐guns‐rule‐156246.htm
23. Named milestones— “going out”
hey last night well it was through the day to about 8 or 9 but still i went out withhey, last night well it was through the day to about 8 or 9 but still i went out with
the lads to bars etc and for a meal for a little christmas get together, i didnt mind
to much about going for a meal as ive done that a few times but going in and out
of bars and clubs was a little weird, might not seem much but it was a step, theof bars and clubs was a little weird, might not seem much but it was a step, the
main one was everyone standing so close and so high also i needed to toilet and it
was at the back of this club so you had to pass the bar to get there but with it
being a club the bar was full from the bar to the wall and i couldnt just squeeze in g j q
and out of everyone so i caved and got my brother to help me get through but i
had to do it alone on the way back ‐ not so bad, pat on the back for me yay ‐ i
think, normally the though of going out would of put me off, getting ready etc
getting there and just the whole thing but i thought f**k it, its christmas time and
it was a good time i enjoyed myself and just thought i'd share hehe
http://www.apparelyzed.com/
24. d “ l ” h l ?How do we “scale” these analyses?
• Text analytics toolbox provides broadly applicable methods, not solutions to a specific
problem
– Purely etic, based entirely on linguistic form
• Sentiment analysis and opinion mining are solutions to a problem, not often
not the right problemnot the right problem
– Generically emic
26. Lessons
• What they are—professionalized learning organizations, focusing on specialized y p f g g f g p
forms of knowledge and experience
• What to call them—online healthcare communities of practice
• What can we learn from them how universal human health needs are being• What can we learn from them—how universal human health needs are being
met in an evolving healthcare delivery system
• How to analyze them—requires types of collaboration that are quite unusual
27. h d d h h f ?What do we do with this information?
• In a general way, we can observe the evolving role of peer‐to‐peer healthcare g y g p p
interaction as healthcare delivery evolves simultaneous to the massive increase
in healthcare knowledge and available information
• In a specific way, we can help craft or optimize solutions to problems—if we
build it, they may not come unless we understand what they really need
27
28. db k l !Feedback welcome!
http://sxsw.tv/cvf
28