Suspension, type of suspension, interracial property of suspended particles Dheeraj Saini
Here you find
Suspension , types of suspension, difference between flocculated and deflocculated suspension and interfacial properties of suspended particles
Suspension, type of suspension, interracial property of suspended particles Dheeraj Saini
Here you find
Suspension , types of suspension, difference between flocculated and deflocculated suspension and interfacial properties of suspended particles
Suspension are biphasic liquids dosage form in which insoluble solid particulate are uniformly distributed in liquid phase which may be stabilized by inclusion of suspending agents.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS II COARSE DISPERSION VijayaKumarR28
R. VIJAYAKUMAR., M Pharm,
Research Scholar
department of Pharmaceutical Technology.
Anna university- BIT
Tiruchirappalli.
As per PCI syllabus for B Pharm / 2nd Year ,III Semester.
UNIT-III / Coarse dispersion
Rheology is the science that study flow of fluids. Viscosity is the main parameter of flow. Newtonian & non newtonian are the two types of flow behavior according to newtons law of flow. non-newtonian flow can be plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, antithixotropic or rheopexy. viscosity can be determined by using various viscometers such as capillary viscometer, cup & bob viscometer, cone & plate viscometer, falling sphere viscometer, brookfield viscometer, etc. factors affeting viscosity are intrinsic, extrinsic or temperature dependence.
INCLUDES SPREADING COEFFICIENT AND ITS THEORY AND ALSO FEW OF ITS APPLICATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD
WILL BE HELPFUL FOR B PHARMACY STUDENTS
INCLUDES HOW IT IS DERIVED AND ALSO HOW IT IS RELATED TO SPREADING OF A CREAM OR OINTMENT ON OUR SKIN
IMPORTANCE OF SPREADING COEFFICIENT
Solubility of Drugs (PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I)Rakesh Mishra
Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions,solubility parameters, factors influencing
solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems, Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially miscible
liquids(Phase equilibria, Phase rule, One , two and three component systems, ternary phase
diagram, Critical solution temperature and applications). Distribution law, its limitations and
applications
Suspension are biphasic liquids dosage form in which insoluble solid particulate are uniformly distributed in liquid phase which may be stabilized by inclusion of suspending agents.
PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS II COARSE DISPERSION VijayaKumarR28
R. VIJAYAKUMAR., M Pharm,
Research Scholar
department of Pharmaceutical Technology.
Anna university- BIT
Tiruchirappalli.
As per PCI syllabus for B Pharm / 2nd Year ,III Semester.
UNIT-III / Coarse dispersion
Rheology is the science that study flow of fluids. Viscosity is the main parameter of flow. Newtonian & non newtonian are the two types of flow behavior according to newtons law of flow. non-newtonian flow can be plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, antithixotropic or rheopexy. viscosity can be determined by using various viscometers such as capillary viscometer, cup & bob viscometer, cone & plate viscometer, falling sphere viscometer, brookfield viscometer, etc. factors affeting viscosity are intrinsic, extrinsic or temperature dependence.
INCLUDES SPREADING COEFFICIENT AND ITS THEORY AND ALSO FEW OF ITS APPLICATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD
WILL BE HELPFUL FOR B PHARMACY STUDENTS
INCLUDES HOW IT IS DERIVED AND ALSO HOW IT IS RELATED TO SPREADING OF A CREAM OR OINTMENT ON OUR SKIN
IMPORTANCE OF SPREADING COEFFICIENT
Solubility of Drugs (PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I)Rakesh Mishra
Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions,solubility parameters, factors influencing
solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems, Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially miscible
liquids(Phase equilibria, Phase rule, One , two and three component systems, ternary phase
diagram, Critical solution temperature and applications). Distribution law, its limitations and
applications
Suspension is made of two phase system, consisting of a finely divided solid particles (Dispersed phase) distributed in a particular manner throughout another medium (Continuous phase).
Dissolution is a process in which a solid substance solubilizes in a given solvent.
Method for dissolution are-
1. Beaker methods
2. Open flow through compartment system
3.Dialysis concept
This PPT include the description of flavonoids which is useful for pharmacognosy students. It include flavonoids description, classification and identification test.
it provide a brief note on the drug excipient interaction and various technique to find it which is a part of preformulation studies. it gives help to mpharm(pharmaceutics) students. i.
A brief discussion on nervous system. central nervous system its part like a short note on brain according to b.pharma 2nd semester syllabus. short note on neurones, neurotransmitter,
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. A BRIEF NOTE ON
SUSPENSION
By:-
Diptee Gupta
Assistant Professor
Seth Vishambhar Nath
Institue of Pharmacy,
Lucknow
1
2. • Suspension are biphasic liquid dosage form of
medicament in which finely divided solid
particles ranging from 0.5 to 5 micron are
suspended or dispersed in a liquid or semi solid
vehicle.
• The solid particles constitute the discontinuous
phase whereas liquid vehicle constitute the
continuous phase.
2
3. Ideal properties of suspension
• The sediment or creaming produced on storage if any,
must be easily re-suspended by moderate agitation of the
container.
• The product must remain sufficiently homogenous for at
least the period between shaking the container & removing
the desired amount.
• The product may be required to thickened in order to
reduce the rate of settling of particles.
• Any suspended particles should be small & uniformly size
in order to give a smooth elegant product free from gritty
texture.
• The suspension must be aesthetically pleasant.
• The flow properties of suspension should enable the
formulation to be easily poured from the container.
3
4. Advantage of suspension
• Used to mask the taste of therapeutic agent.
• Used to administer the drug to patients who
have difficulty in swallowing solid dosage form.
• May be formulated to provide controlled drug
delivery. Eg: IM injection
4
5. Dis-Advantage of suspension
• Fundamentally unstable preparation & require
formulation skill to ensure the physical stability
over the period of shelf life.
• Suspension may be bulky & therefore difficult
for a patient to carry.
• The formulation of aesthetic suspension is
difficult.
5
6. Difference between flocculated &
deflocculated suspension
Flocculated suspension Deflocculated suspension
Particles form loose aggregate &
form a network like structure
Particle exist as separate entities
Rate of sedimentation is very high Rate of sedimentation is very low
Sediment is rapidly formed Sediment is slowly formed
Sediment is loosely packed & does
not form a hard cake
Sediment is closely packed & a hard
cake is formed.
It is easy to redisperse Difficult to redisperse
Not pleasing in appearance Pleasing in appearance
Floccules stick to the side of bottle Floccules do not stick to the side of bottle
Less bioavailability High bioavailability
High shelf life low shelf life
6
7. Method of preparation of suspension
1. Suspension containing diffusible solids: Diffusible solids
do not dissolve in water but on shaking the powder can diffuse
evenly throughout the liquid for sufficient long time & allow
uniform distribution of drug in each dose.
Eg – calcium carbonate, light kaolin, light magnesium carbonate
Method of dispensing:
Diffusible solids converted into powder in a mortar & mix with
soluble drug.
Add 3/4th part of vehicle to form a smooth paste.
Add volatile liquid if any, mix well & Make up the final volume by
adding vehicle & transfer it to bottle.
Label it “SHAKE THE BOTTLE WELL BEFORE USE” & dispense.
7
8. 2. Suspension containing indiffusible solids:
Indiffusible solids do not remain evenly distributed in
a vehicle on shaking for sufficiently long time.
Suspending agents used to correct this type of problem.
The two commonly used suspending agents are:
1) Compound tragacanth powder: which is used in
ratio of 2g/100ml of suspension
2) Tragacanth mucilage used in ration in 1/4th
volume of suspension to be preparaed.
Indiffusible solids eg: aspirin, Phenobarbitone,
calamine, hydrocartisone, zinc oxide.
8
9. Evaluation of suspension
• A number of procedures has been suggested for
evaluating the physical stability of suspension.
• Physical stability means “the condition in which
particles remain uniformly distributed throughout
the dispersion without any signs of sedimentation.”
• Following methods used for evaluation of
suspension:
1. Sedimentation method
2. Rheological method
3. Electro kinetic method
4. Micrometric method
9
10. 1. Sedimentation method:
The formation of sediment & its redispersibility are the 2
features related to elegance of suspension. The extent of
sedimentation can be expressed by 2 parameters ( applicable
only for flocculated suspension):-
a) Sedimentation volume (F): it is the ratio of the ultimate
height (Hu) of the sediment to the initial height (Ho) of total
suspension.
• It is dependent on time.
• If F=1, there is no sedimentation , suspension looks elegant &
practically acceptable
• If F<1, rapid settling of dispersed phase
• If F>1, network of flocculation loose
10
11. b) Degree of flocculation:
• If β = 1, the extent of flocculation.
• The higher the value of β, the greater will be
physical stability.
• It is the destructive method as flocculated
system is converted to deflocculated system by
adding the deflocculating agents.
11
12. Redispersibility: it is an important criteria of
physical stability.
• 100 ml suspension is placed in a graduated
cylinder- allowed to settle.
• After that cylinder is rotated at 20rpm through
360 & when base of cylinder is clear of sediment
then the end point is noted.
• Lower the number of revolution or shorter time
for redispersion- faster dispersibility.
12
13. 2. Rheological Method:
• These method used to help in predicting the
settling pattern. Brookfield viscometer with T
spindle is used to study the viscosity of
suspension
• Consistency of suspension is evaluated by –
cup& bob Viscometer and cone & plate
viscometer.
13
14. 3. Electro kinetic method:
Determination of surface electric charge or zeta
potential of suspension is helpful to find out the
stability of suspension.
Certain zeta potential produce more stable
suspension due to controlled flocculation.
Zeta potential can be calculated from migration
velocity of particles measured by electrophoretic
method.
14
15. 4. Micrometric method:
• The stability of suspension depend on the
particle size of dispersed phase. The size of
suspended particles may grow & lead to
formation of lumps or cake.
• So change in particle size with time provide
useful information about stability of suspension.
15