This document summarizes routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses three main types of routing protocols: proactive protocols that maintain routes between all nodes, reactive protocols that determine routes on demand when needed, and hybrid protocols that use a combination of proactive and reactive routing. Examples of each type are described, including DSDV, DSR, and ZRP. Challenges for routing in MANETs like security, autoconfiguration, and new applications are also outlined. The document proposes using different routing approaches including hierarchical, on-demand, and location-assisted geo-routing protocols.

1. A SERVEY OF ROUTING
PROTOCOLS IN MANET
K.JAGANATHAN
Mtech-CSE
Indian institute of information technology -srirangam

2. INTRODUCTION
 MANET is the short form of Mobile Ad hoc
Network.
 Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning "for this".
 It is completely similar to Ad hoc Network
except for its nodes are mobile devices
connected by wireless.
 MANETs are a kind of Wireless Ad hoc
Network that usually has a routable networking
environment on top of a Link Layer Ad hoc
Network.

3. ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN
MANETS
 Proactive protocols
 Traditional distributed shortest-path protocols
 Maintain routes between every host pair at all times
 Based on periodic updates; High routing overhead
 Example: DSDV (destination sequenced distance vector)
 Reactive protocols
 Determine route if and when needed
 Source initiates route discovery
 Example: DSR (dynamic source routing)
 Hybrid protocols
 Adaptive; Combination of proactive and reactive
 Example : ZRP (zone routing protocol)

4. ROUTING PROTOCOLS
 Proactive protocols
 DSDV was one of the early algorithms
available.
 § creating ad hoc networks with
 Small number of nodes.
 Disadvantage
 DSDV requires a regular update of its routing
tables, which Uses up battery power and a small
amount of bandwidth even when the network is
idle.

5. REACTIVE PROTOCOLS
 The main advantage of this protocol is that
routes are established on demand and destination
sequence numbers are used to find the latest
route to the destination.
 Disadvantage
 The disadvantage of this protocol is that the
route maintenance mechanism does not
locally repair a broken link.

6. HYBRID ROUTING
 It reduces the control traffic produced by
periodic flooding of routing
information packets (proactive scheme).
 · It reduces the wastage of bandwidth and
control overhead compared to reactive
schemes.
 Disadvantage
 The large overlapping of routing zones
 Central nodes have an extra burden because they
need to have enough memory to store
information about all nodes in the network

7. CHALLENGES IN MANET ROUTING
 Auto configuration issues
 Address assignment
 Service discovery
 Security issues
 Ease of denial-of-service attack
 Misbehaving nodes difficult to identify
 Nodes can be easily compromised
 New Applications/services
 Location based: Distribute some information to all nodes in a
geographic area
 Content based: Query all sensors that sensed something particular in
the past hour

8. PROPOSED SYSTEM
 Conventional wired-type schemes (global
routing, proactive):
 Distance Vector; Link State
 Hierarchical (global routing) schemes:
 Fisheye, Hierarchical State Routing, Landmark
Routing
 On- Demand, reactive routing:
 Source routing; backward learning
 Location Assisted routing (Geo-routing):
 DREAM, LAR etc

9. THANK YOU

10. THANK YOU