This ppt is about the Mobile Adhoc Network

1. Subiya Nadar (111A1051)

2. What are MANETs?
No infrastructure – flat network
Radio Communication – shared medium
Every computer or device (node) is a router
as well as end host
Mobility – dynamic topology
Limited energy and computing resources

3. Architectures
Infrastructure-less/
distributed/ad-hoc
mode
Infrastructure
mode

4. Routing in a MANET.
There are two main routing protocols:
Reactive Protocol
Proactive Protocol

5. Reactive Protocol
Reactive protocols seek to set up routes on-
demand.
Establishes routes “on demand” by flooding a
Query.
Reactive Protocol types:
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR).
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
(AODV) Routing.
Location-Aided Routing (LAR)

6. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)-
Route Request
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
S
S
S-B
S-B
S-A
S-B-E
S-A-G
S-B-C
S-B-C
S-A-G-F
RouteRequest Dropped

7. DSR - Route Reply
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
S-B-E-D
S-B-E-D
S-B-E-D
S-B-E-D
S-A-G-F-D
S-A-G-F-D
S-A-G-F-D
S-A-G-F-D
S-A-G-F-D
B-E-D E-D
F-D
G-F-D
A-G-F-D

8. DSR – Route Maintenance
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
RouteError
RouteError
S-B-E-D
S-A-G-F-D

9. AODV Routing Protocol
AODV  Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
RouteRequest
Reverse Path Setup

10. Path setup
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
S
B
E
D
A
C
F
G
Reverse Path Setup
RouteReply
Forward Route Setup

11. AODV: Routing Loops
A B C D
E
Assume, link C-D fails, and node A does not know
about it (route error packet from C is lost).
C performs a route discovery for D.
Node A receives the route request (via path C-E-A)
Node A replies, since A knows a route to D via node
B
Results in a loop: C-E-A-B-C

12. MANET applications
Military.
Disaster Relief.
Wireless Sensor Networks
Personal Area Networks (PANs).
Ad hoc Gaming.

13. A&Ds
ADVANTAGES
 No infrastructure and lower
cost
 Mobility
 Decentralized and robust
 . Easy to build and
spontaneous infrastructure
DISADVANTAGES
 Higher error rate
 Lower data rate
 Dynamic topology and
scalability
 Security
 Energy limitation

14. THANK YOU !!!