Surrealism was an artistic movement that began in the early 20th century that emphasized tapping into the subconscious mind to create unexpected juxtapositions of images. It was founded in Paris in 1924 by André Breton, influenced by Sigmund Freud's theories of the subconscious. Major surrealist artists included Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Joan Miró, and René Magritte. They drew from the subconscious mind using techniques like automatic drawing and frottage to combine images in surprising ways. Surrealism had lasting influence on subsequent artistic movements like Abstract Expressionism and Existentialist philosophy.

2. “surrealisme”literally means that which extends
beyond realism or finds itself outside of reality.
Definition:style of art and literature, stressing the
subconscious and non-rational thought.

3. André Breton
• Founder of Surrealism
• Acted as a neurologist: kept records of his own patients'
dreams and wrote down the rambling things they said in
an attempt to learn about the subconscious
• First work was The Magnetic Fields
• Wrote Surrealist Manifesto in Paris
October 1924: this marked the date of the
creation of Surrealism SUBCONSCIOUS: a deep,
mysterious part of the mind
we are not normally aware
of.

4. Influences

5. Sigmund Freud
•Psychoanalytical approach to the mind
•Believed that people are influenced by things that
we are not aware of (subconscious)
•Introduced unconscious mind
•Natural tendencies of people to be violent and
sexual impulses from early childhood
•Influential in psychology and surrealism

6. Hieronymus Bosch
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/bosch/delight/
-can be considered earliest Surrealist artist (lived 500 years
ago).
-conjured up nightmarish visions.
-Surrealists were influenced his unique style.

7. Giuseppe -16th century Italian
Arcimboldo -made portraits with
fruits and
vegetables
http://www.giuseppe-arcimboldo.org/biography.html

8. Giorgio de Chirico
-juxtaposition:
an act or instance of placing close
together or side by side, especially
for comparison or contrast.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/juxtaposition
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico

9. Dadaism
-Emerged after WW1.
-Art against war, called "Anti-Art" (made fun of society and
its ideas).
-Many of the surrealist artists were Dada artists before
converting to surrealism, including Max Ernst and
Salvador Dali.
-Surrealism, in some ways, was a continuation of Dada but
it's outlook was more positive.

10. WWI
-Millions died: Artists felt that "progress",
reason, and logic had failed.
-Helped spread Surrealism around the world.

11. Surrealism "The Gift" Man Ray
"Ready-
mades""
Meret Oppenheim "Object (Fur Breakfast)"
http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=80997
http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/surrealism-manray.html

12. Major Surrealist
Artists
-Joan Miro
-Salvador Dali
-Max Ernst
-Rene Magritte

13. Joan Miro

14. Painting of a Rooster
http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&sa=X&biw=1024&bih=571&tbm=isch&tbnid=CujlNeI-
x__LHM:&imgrefurl=http://joanmiro.com/&docid=2jZ0ndzQzk29NM&imgurl=http://joanmiro.com/wp-
content/uploads/2009/05/joanmiro1.jpg&w=643&h=840&ei=r0tUUaT5O8O32wX4i4DwCQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=2&vpy=129&dur=155&hovh=257&hovw=196&tx=125
&ty=36&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=112&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:138

15. Salvador Dali
-Born in Spain 1904
-Started painting at age 10
-Joined Surrealist group
in 1929
-Expelled from the group
in 1934
-Married to Gala Dali in
1934
-Died 1989 http://www.biography.com/people/salvador-dal%C3%AD-40389

16. The beginning of his art
Girl Standing at a window- 1925
http://www.naderlibrary.com/DALITOC23.htm

17. The Enigma of Desire: My Mother, My Mother, My
Mother
1929
Dali
http://www.edali.org/enigma-of-desire.jsp

18. Dali and the Surrealism
movement
Invisible Sleeping Woman, Horse, Lion 1930
http://www.oilpaintinghk.com/art/oil_paintings_11782.html

19. The Persistence of memory
1931
http://www.edali.org/persistence-of-memory.jsp

20. Similarities in Dali’s Art
The Angelus The Architectonic Angelus of Millet
by Millet 1933
http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/gallery/artists/angelus.html http://www.edali.org/millets-architectonic-angelus.jsp

21. Atavistic Ruins after the Rain Portrait of Gala
1934 1935
http://www.canvastar.com/product_info_n.php?products_id=3211&language=e http://www.american-buddha.com/DALITOC67.htm
n

22. Swans Reflecting Elephants
1937
dali
http://www.edali.org/swans-reflecting-elephants.jsp

23. Reflected
dali

24. Metamorphosis of Narcissus
1937
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/modern-art-history-test-2/deck/136121

25. Soft self-Portrait with Grilled Bacon
1941
Dali
http://www.salvador-dali.org/dali/coleccio/en_50obres.html?ID=W0000047

26. Religious Themes
Christ of St. John of the cross
1951
http://www.edali.org/christ-of-saint-john-of-the-cross.jsp

27. The Last Supper
1955
http://uccslo.wordpress.com/2010/04/20/sermon-april-18-saintly-sinners/

28. Max Ernst

29. COMMON TECHNIQUES...
Frottage: technique of rubbing raised surfaces
to get a pattern/textured look on paper
http://elephantaday.blogspot.com/2012/02/elephant-no-126-frottage.html
http://peggy2011.deviantart.com/art/Dragon-Frottage-Collage-WIP-324057378
http://despinarangou.blogspot.com/2011/03/frottage-by-max-ernst.html

30. Grattage: ("scraping") used in oil and plaster
painting
"Eve, the Only One left to us"
http://www.wikipaintings.org/en/max-ernst/eve-the-only-one-left-to-us-
1925

31. Aquissubmersis-1919
http://www.surrealists.co.uk/viewPicture/88/

32. Fruit of a Long Experience
http://onesurrealistaday.com/post/29586091718/fruit-of-a-long-experience

33. The Hat Makes the Man
http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=35478

34. Oedipus Rex
http://poulwebb.blogspot.com/2011/09/max-ernst-part-1.html

35. "Teetering Woman or An
Equivocal Woman"
http://www.abcgallery.com/E/ernst/ernst15.html

36. Rene Magritte

37. the false mirror
http://bertc.com/g9/magritte13.htm

38. Effects of Surrealism
-Surrealism influenced many new artists and
art "Isms"
- As Surrealism dispersed, the rise of
Existentialism and Abstract Expressionism
occurred.
-The idea of using the Psych for art carried on
through these artists

39. Abstract Expressionism
-An "-Ism" influenced by surrealism that was
all about the artists expressing themselves on
the canvas.
www.metmuseam.org

40. Existentialism
-A Philosophical movement
- Individuals as free agents of what they do and
responsible for their choices.

41. Lasting effects...
-Surrealism allowed its artists and audiences to
recognize and better understand their
subconscious.
- Surrealism teaches us how to balance and
interact between the Spiritual, psychological,
and physical planes of our lives.

42. CITE
-Abrams, Harry N., and Cameo. Dali. New York: Harry N. Abrams,, 1995. Print.
-"Art Beyond Sight: Art History Through Touch and Sound." Art Beyond Sight: Art History Through Touch and Sound. N.p., n.d.
Web. 14 Mar. 2013. <http://www.artbeyondsight.org/ahtts/dali-read.shtml>.
-Bischoff, Ulrich, and Benedikt Taschen. Max Ernst. Hohenzollernring: Taschen, 1991. Print.
-Bolton, Linda. Surrealism. New York: Peter Bedrick, 2000. Print.
-Cevasco, George A. JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30098833?uid=3739728>.
-Claybourne, Anna. Surrealism. Chicago, Il: Heinemann Library, 2009. Print.
-"Existentialism." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013.
-Finkelstein, Haim. "The Incarnation of Desire: Dalí and the Surrealist Object." JSTOR.
Http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=pfhc, n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/20166870>.
-Harris, Nathaniel, and Salvador Dalí. The Life and Works of Dali. Great Britain: Parragon Book Service, 1994. Print.
-"History of Surrealism." History of Surrealism. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013. <http://www.gosurreal.com/history.htm>.
-McLeod, Sam. "Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html>.
-"Max Ernst Biography, Art, and Analysis of Paintings by TheArtStory." Max Ernst Biography, Art, and Analysis of Paintings by
TheArtStory. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2013. <http://www.theartstory.org/artist-ernst-max.htm>.
-"Surrealist Art." Surrealist Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. <http://mediation.centrepompidou.fr/education/ressources/ENS-

43. CITE
-"Surrealism." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/J002045F/surrealism.htm>.
-"TEACHERS." Scholastic Teachers. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. <http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/book/salvador-dali-0>.
"Textual Analysis - Metamorphosis of Narcissus | Alice Atkinson-Bonasio - Academia.edu." Textual Analysis - Metamorphosis of
Narcissus | Alice Atkinson-Bonasio - Academia.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.academia.edu/273377/Textual_Analysis_-_Metamorphosis_of_Narcissus>.
-"The Art Story: Modern Art Theory - Non-Formalism and Abstract Expressionism." The Art Story: Modern Art Theory - Non-
Formalism and Abstract Expressionism. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.theartstory.org/section_theory_non_formalism.htm>.
-"The Art Story.org - Your Guide to Modern Art." Abstract Expressionism Movement, Artists and Major Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 05
Apr. 2013.
-"The Art Story.org - Your Guide to Modern Art." Surrealism Movement, Artists and Major Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.theartstory.org/movement-surrealism.htm>.
-"THE COLLECTION." MoMA.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. <http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=1500>.
-"The Origins of Surrealism." The Origins of Surrealism. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/surrealism/Origins-of-Surrealism.html>.
-"Venezia, Mike, and René Magritte. René Magritte. New York: Children's, 2002." This Source is a children’s book about the life of
Rene Magritte.