The document summarizes key artworks and artistic movements from 1905 to 1939: 1) It describes Fauvist works like Matisse's Woman with the Hat that used bright, unnatural colors and Kirchner's Street, Berlin that depicted the city as lonely. 2) It discusses Marc's The Large Blue Horses and Der Blaue Reiter group that emphasized spiritual power through color and form. 3) It mentions Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon that used African influences and fractured space, inspiring Cubism.

1. AP Art History Test 4 Term 3

2. Woman with the Hat 1905, Henri Matisse Liberates color Joyful arrangement of color Considered outrageous (fauv = wild animal) Turned to Van Gogh Tried to advance colorist tradition in modern French painting, which they dated from Delacroix Work sparked controversy because of way subject was depicted Later reacted against his early Fauve work Originally owned by Gertrude Stein

3. Street, Berlin 1913, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner City = lonely place Mask-like faces Harsh angles Die B rücke named for a passage in a book that spoke to humanity’s potential to be the “bridge” to a more perfect “superman” It was formed in Dresden Art suggested yearning to return to imaginary origins Liked to show women in nature Simple style = modernist primitivism, which drew inspiration from Africa, Pre-Columbian America, children and folk art 2 prostitutes walk past potential clients Appear as dehumanized figures Physically close, but psychologically distant

4. The Large Blue Horses 1911, Franz Marc Emphasizes spiritual power of world Thunderous, big volume, expressed through lines Der Blaue Reiter named for a popular image of St. George on the emblem of Moscow It formed in Munich around Kandinsky and Marc (<-- considered blue a color of spirituality) Influenced by the Fauves in his colorful expressionism Animals merge into a homogenous unit The fluid contours reflect the harmony of their collective existence & echo the hill lines Pure, strong colors reflect their uncomplicated experience of the world

5. Concerning the Spiritual in Art 1912, Wassily Kandinsky He wanted to awaken people’s spirituality through a sheer force of color “ Color directly influences the soul..” Assigns an instrument to each color Each color = a chord in your soul

6. Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon 1907, Pablo Picasso Blue Period: painted outcasts of Paris and Barcelona Rose Period: inspired by African Art, faces = mask-like Great Iberian influence seen specifically in the faces of the 3 most left figures The faces on the right were inspired by African masks Euphemism for “prostitutes” Had men in his original sketch Viewer is a participant Women inhabit fractured space Inspired by Cezanne

7. Glass and Bottle of Suze 1912, Picasso Synthetic cubism Collage Built out of found pieces in world Created a motif by combining simpler elements The elements evoke a place (a bar) and an activity: the viewer alone with a newspaper, enjoying a quiet drink Theme that art and quiet bars can provide refuge from the daily bustle Newspaper clippings deal with the First Balkan War which contributed to WWI

8. Unique forms of Continuity in Space 1913, Umberto Boccioni Space displaced by figure Aerodynamic, gliding Futurism: attack against everything old, dull, feminine, and safe Aimed both to free Italy from its past and to promote a new taste for the sped of modern technology and urban life He called for a “sculpture environment” Presents an armless nude figure in full, powerful stride Contours flutter and flow into surrounding space Expresses figures great velocity and vitality as it rushes forward = a symbol of the brave new Futurist world

9. The Newborn 1915, Constantin Brancusi Most elemental form of life, also looks like baby crying Abstract sculpture began with Rodin

10. Fountain 1917, Marcel Duchamp Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz Moved to New York to escape war in Europe Believed art should appeal to the intellect rather than the senses Cerebral approach shown in his readymades = ordinary manufactured objects transformed into art works through the decision of the artist Submitted anonymously to the first annual exhibition of the American Society of Independent Artists He was a founding member of the society Many thought it was indecent and the piece was refused

11. L.H.O.O.Q. 1919, Duchamp Challenges notion of a masterpiece Text alters image Makes fun of image Things change with context Challenge established structure

12. Shooting Star 1938, Joan Miro Surrealism opposed rationalist tide of postwar art Founded by Breton when he became dissatisfied w/ playful nonsense activities His idea: free individuals to let them express personal desires = dream analysis, hypnotic trances Playful, whimsical, childlike Without filter of the conscious mind “ bio-morphs” Miro never officially joined Surrealist group

13. The Treachery of Images 1928-29, Rene Magritte Looks at dreams differently Reality = landscape of the mind It is not a pipe, it is a picture of a pipe Exploration between distance between images and language Challenged the idea of interpretation

14. The Persistence of Memory 1931, Salvador Dali Questions how time works Trained in methods of illusionist representation in Madrid Met Miro and introduced to Surrealists Contributed “paranoiac critical method” Set in a landscape recalling a bay near Dali’s birthplace The head = a self portrait Appeared in an earlier painting Limp watches and ants on watchcase = images of anxiety Ants on case = memento mori Ants typifies Surrealist interest in unexpected juxtapositions of disparate realities

15. The Horde 1927, Max Ernst Most experimental He helped organize Dada movement in K öln Discovered fantastic creatures, plants, and landscapes in his use of frottage This work is a nightmarish scene of a group of monsters, seemingly made out of wood They advance against some unseen opponent Frightening image seems to resonate w/ the violence of WWI

16. Luncheon in Fur 1936, Meret Oppenheim Typifies Surrealist interest in unexpected juxtapositions of disparate realities Inspired by a café conversation with Picasso about her designs for jewelry “ one could cover just about anything with fur…” -Picasso Work attracts and repels the viewer Psychological complexity

17. The Two Fridas 1939, Frida Kahlo, Mexico City Mother on right, she’s on left Different cultural/ethnic traditions Pumping blood = Aztec, Mexican heritage Elements of western and nonwestern Catholic painting influence Surrealists admire her search of self, identity, and psychological Painted during her divorce Dealt with her personal pain She shows 2 ethnic selves: European (Victorian dress) & Mexican (traditional Mexican skirt + blouse) Artery begins at miniature of Diego as a boy She participated in some Surrealist shows after being encouraged by Breton

18. Lady Xok’s Vision of a Giant Snake 726 CE, Maya, Mexico, limestone From lintel over a doorway Principle figure = a woman (queen) Seemingly opposites: beauty and blood This is her vision - erupts out of altar: a great warrior Surrealism: visionary world Preparing for war Ritual is not only a fertility rite of death and rebirth but also a way of warding off evil and to ensure immortality Involves psychosis: an altered state of consciousness with vivid hallucinations

19. The Goddess Coatlicue C. 1500, Aztec, basalt Fierce and beautiful Found covered with blood Earth goddess = huge and fierce Creative and nurturing potential + destructive self Found during an excavation near a Spanish Cathedral One described as being inside the Temple of Huitzilopochtli Coatlicue means “she of the serpent skirt” A pair of serpents, symbols of gushing blood, rise from her neck to form her head She wears a necklace of sacrificial offerings Great surface intricacy Colors that it had would’ve heightened dramatic impact

20. Whirling Log Ceremony C. 1925, Hosteen Klah, sand painting, Phoenix, Arizona Healing art Inspired Jackson Pollock Certain songs would be chanted Genesis creation story Gods = bigger = hierarchic scale Sand paintings usually only done by men Often show mythic heroes and events They follow prescribed rules and patterns that ensure their power Rituals intended to restore harmony to the world and to achieve cures Not meant for public display Many took offense to this weaving, done by a man Strict gender roles Depicts a part of the Navajo creation myth in which the Holy People divide the world into 4 parts Holy People surround the image Male and female pair on each side