Marcel Breuer
Designer: Marcel Breuer
Date: 1925
Materials: Chrome-plated tubular steel, leather
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
Bauhaus:
- Belief in functionalism and minimalism
- Rejection of ornament
- Emphasis on materials and craft
- Integration of fine art and design
- Influence on architecture, graphic design, typography
- Utopian vision of design improving society
The Bauhaus school had a profound influence on design in the 20th century and continues to shape our built environment today.
What Modern Art can teach us about CreativityPodium Wisdom
How can masters like Picasso, Monet, Warhol and Pollock inspire you to be more creative? Come in and find out!
If you enjoyed this, connect with me at https://twitter.com/podiumwisdom. I excavate the web for goodies on persuasion, art, presentation, design and more!
This presentation looks at the maybe over used essay by Walter Benjamin, "The Work of Art in The Age of Mechanical Reproduction" and looks at its relevance to digital arts practice.
What Modern Art can teach us about CreativityPodium Wisdom
How can masters like Picasso, Monet, Warhol and Pollock inspire you to be more creative? Come in and find out!
If you enjoyed this, connect with me at https://twitter.com/podiumwisdom. I excavate the web for goodies on persuasion, art, presentation, design and more!
This presentation looks at the maybe over used essay by Walter Benjamin, "The Work of Art in The Age of Mechanical Reproduction" and looks at its relevance to digital arts practice.
This powerpoint presentation talks about the Art Movement: Abstract Expressionism. It also discusses about the history, definition and characteristics of Abstract Expressionism. It also discusses about the painters who are related in the period of Abstract Expressionism.
Lecture 6: The New York School comes of age with the mature work of Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning. We also discuss the 'second generation' artists such as Joan Mitchell and Morriss Lewis. A strong focus on expressive brushwork, personal emotion and the underlying tenets of existentialist thought is on full display. Clement Greenberg's thoughts on the inherent flatness of the picture plane also exert a strong influence. The work should also be seen in the context of the Cold War and 'soft power'.
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In this presentation, we explore the world of Surrealism, an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the early 20th century as a revolutionary response to the political, social, and cultural upheavals of the time. We focus specifically on the intersection of art and politics, and the ways in which Surrealism sought to challenge and subvert established norms and power structures. It also explores the ways in which Surrealism was connected to various political movements of the time, including anarchism, communism, and anti-fascism. One powerful example of Surrealist art connected to politics is Pablo Picasso's painting "Guernica". Through this and other examples, we demonstrate how Surrealism was a revolutionary movement that challenged traditional notions of art, society, and politics. Whether you're an art lover, a history buff, or simply interested in exploring the radical possibilities of the human imagination, this presentation is sure to provide valuable insights and a deeper understanding of Surrealism as a revolutionary movement of the 20th century.
11821, 1030 AM Straight PhotographyhttpscoastdistricSantosConleyha
11/8/21, 10:30 AM Straight Photography
https://coastdistrict.instructure.com/courses/86967/assignments/1594094?module_item_id=5260973 1/3
Straight Photography
Due Sunday by 11:59pm Points 30
Submitting a text entry box, a media recording, or a file upload
Start Assignment
Straight photography emerged in the early twentieth century and was a way of thinking about
photography as independent and unique from other artistic media like painting. It attempted to capture a
scene as objectively as possible therefore it didn't rely on methods of photographic manipulation. One of
the first photographers to experiment with straight photography was Alfred Stieglitz in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. He would often employ straight photography to depict everyday scenes of
modern life as seen in his photograph The Terminal.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Terminal. 1893, printed 1911. Photogravure. Source: flickr (https://www.flickr.com/phot
os/[email protected]/3775792984/in/photolist-6KDVH3) License: CC BY-NC 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
2.0/)
Watch the 10 minute video segment below from the documentary film called Alfred Stieglitz: The
Eloquent Eye (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j2N1Bdh830) to learn more about Alfred Stieglitz
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]/3775792984/in/photolist-6KDVH3
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j2N1Bdh830
11/8/21, 10:30 AM Straight Photography
https://coastdistrict.instructure.com/courses/86967/assignments/1594094?module_item_id=5260973 2/3
Straight Photography (1)
and his photographs.
Instructions:
1. Visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art's website
(https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/270032) and read the short description about The
Terminal by Alfred Stieglitz.
2. Take your own Stieglitz inspired photograph using the method of straight photography. Keep to his
theme of illustrating the everyday scenes of modern life--but updated to illustrate life today.
3. In a paragraph (5-6 sentences) describe how your photograph uses the method of straight
photography. Also, describe how the subject matter represents life today.
Alfred StieglitzAlfred Stieglitz
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/270032
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nc6hHSyxv8
Introduction to Art Chapter 29: Between World Wars 394
Chapter 29: Between World Wars
Dada
When you look at Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, a factory-produced urinal he submitted as a
sculpture to the 1917 exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists in New York, you might
wonder just why this work of art has such a prominent place in art history books.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain (original), photographed by Alfred Stieglitz in 1917 after its rejection by the Society of
Independent Artists
You would not be alone in asking this question. In fact, from the moment Duchamp purchased
the urinal, flipped it on its side, signed it with a ...
11821, 1030 AM Straight PhotographyhttpscoastdistricBenitoSumpter862
11/8/21, 10:30 AM Straight Photography
https://coastdistrict.instructure.com/courses/86967/assignments/1594094?module_item_id=5260973 1/3
Straight Photography
Due Sunday by 11:59pm Points 30
Submitting a text entry box, a media recording, or a file upload
Start Assignment
Straight photography emerged in the early twentieth century and was a way of thinking about
photography as independent and unique from other artistic media like painting. It attempted to capture a
scene as objectively as possible therefore it didn't rely on methods of photographic manipulation. One of
the first photographers to experiment with straight photography was Alfred Stieglitz in the late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. He would often employ straight photography to depict everyday scenes of
modern life as seen in his photograph The Terminal.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Terminal. 1893, printed 1911. Photogravure. Source: flickr (https://www.flickr.com/phot
os/[email protected]/3775792984/in/photolist-6KDVH3) License: CC BY-NC 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/
2.0/)
Watch the 10 minute video segment below from the documentary film called Alfred Stieglitz: The
Eloquent Eye (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j2N1Bdh830) to learn more about Alfred Stieglitz
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]/3775792984/in/photolist-6KDVH3
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j2N1Bdh830
11/8/21, 10:30 AM Straight Photography
https://coastdistrict.instructure.com/courses/86967/assignments/1594094?module_item_id=5260973 2/3
Straight Photography (1)
and his photographs.
Instructions:
1. Visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art's website
(https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/270032) and read the short description about The
Terminal by Alfred Stieglitz.
2. Take your own Stieglitz inspired photograph using the method of straight photography. Keep to his
theme of illustrating the everyday scenes of modern life--but updated to illustrate life today.
3. In a paragraph (5-6 sentences) describe how your photograph uses the method of straight
photography. Also, describe how the subject matter represents life today.
Alfred StieglitzAlfred Stieglitz
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/270032
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nc6hHSyxv8
Introduction to Art Chapter 29: Between World Wars 394
Chapter 29: Between World Wars
Dada
When you look at Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, a factory-produced urinal he submitted as a
sculpture to the 1917 exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists in New York, you might
wonder just why this work of art has such a prominent place in art history books.
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain (original), photographed by Alfred Stieglitz in 1917 after its rejection by the Society of
Independent Artists
You would not be alone in asking this question. In fact, from the moment Duchamp purchased
the urinal, flipped it on its side, signed it with a ...
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Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
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2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
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Brave Destiny 2003 for the Future for Technocratic Surrealmageddon Destiny for Andre Breton Legacy in Agenda 21 Technocratic Great Reset for Prison Planet Earth Galactica! The Prophecy of the Surreal Blasphemous Desires from the Paradise Lost Governments!
thGAP - BAbyss in Moderno!! Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives ProjectMarc Dusseiller Dusjagr
thGAP - Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives Project, presents an evening of input lectures, discussions and a performative workshop on artistic interventions for future scenarios of human genetic and inheritable modifications.
To begin our lecturers, Marc Dusseiller aka "dusjagr" and Rodrigo Martin Iglesias, will give an overview of their transdisciplinary practices, including the history of hackteria, a global network for sharing knowledge to involve artists in hands-on and Do-It-With-Others (DIWO) working with the lifesciences, and reflections on future scenarios from the 8-bit computer games of the 80ies to current real-world endeavous of genetically modifiying the human species.
We will then follow up with discussions and hands-on experiments on working with embryos, ovums, gametes, genetic materials from code to slime, in a creative and playful workshop setup, where all paticipant can collaborate on artistic interventions into the germline of a post-human future.
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Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
3. Dead French soldiers in the Argonne.
WWI remains one of the bloodiest and most destructive
wars ever. Its global impact on humanity was devastating.
The allied powers -- Germany, France, and Britain - did not
make any great gains and suffered and inflicted
extraordinary casualties.
The Battle ofVerdun, for
example, lasted nine
months and resulted in
300,000 dead and
750,000 injured.
The war resulted in nearly
9 million deaths
WWI
4. American railroad artillery
detachment posed on a
14in. rail gun near
Bassons, Gironde, France
after the war.
WWI
Part of the severity of World War I came from the influence of
industry and science. New weapons; tanks, machine guns,
poison gas, and larger artillery, with old style tactics lead to
slaughter.
The promise of modernism just delivered more efficient ways to kill
people quickly.
5. Modernism
Escape the influence of history.
Belief in cultural progress (linear history).
Belief in science as a virtue (objectivity).
Belief in universal truths that can be discovered.
Fascination with the “Primitive” or elemental.
In painting this was interpreted as “paint” being
independent from image thus “escaping” its role
as an imitation of life.
Motto:“Make it new!”
6. Bauhaus: Movement based on the belief
that good art and design promote good
society.
Utopia
A perfect and just society
Built by man
Between the Wars
Dada: Movement based on distrust of
rationality and “progress”.
Dystopia
Exploitive and unjust societies
Also built by human hands.
7. The dark side of science and technology was revealed
when every major power in Europe was drawn into
World War I beginning in 1914.The ideal of progress
was shown to be utterly hollow, and 9 million people
lost their lives in one of the bloodiest wars in history.
DADA:
A group of artists waiting out the war in Zurich, in
neutral Switzerland, banded together in a protest art
movement called Dada.
Dada is a nonsense word, which these artists felt
embraced the irrationality and chance of humanity itself.
Dada: anti-modernism
8. "In principle I am against manifestos,
as I am also against principles."
- Tristan Tzara, 1919
9. Dada
Chance
compositio
ns
Belief in the
irrationality
of chance.
A definitely
anti-
modernist
point of
view.
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through Germany’s Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural
Epoch, 1919.
Dada: anti-modernism
10. Dada: anti-modernism
Collage:
Art technique,
incorporating the use of
pre-existing materials
or objects attached as
part of a two-
dimensional surface.
Closely associated with
20th-century art, as a
metaphor for the pace
and discontinuity of the
modern world.
Hannah Höch:Astronomy and
Movement Dada, 250×190 mm,
drawing and collage, 1922
11. To make a Dadaist poem:
• Take a newspaper.
• Take a pair of scissors.
• Choose an article as long as you are planning to
make your poem.
• Cut out the article.
• Then cut out each of the words that make up
this article and put them in a bag.
• Shake it gently.
• Then take out the scraps one after the other in
the order in which they left the bag.
• Copy conscientiously.
• The poem will be like you.
• And here you are a writer, infinitely original and
endowed with a sensibility that is charming
though beyond the understanding of the vulgar.
-Tristan Tzara
12. The Author of the Book "Fourteen Letters of
Christ" in His Home, Johannes Baader (1920).
Indestructible Object (or Object to Be Destroyed)
Man Ray 1964 (replica of 1923 original).
Dada: anti-modernism
13. • Experimented with Cubism early in his career.
• Associated with Dada and Surrealist artists.
• Created the idea of the artistic “ready-made”.
• One of the most influential artists of the modern era.
Marcel Duchamp
(b 1887; d 1968)
French painter, sculptor
and writer, active also in
the USA.
14. Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.
Rectified ready-made, pencil on a
reproduction of the Mona Lisa,
Dada: anti-modernism
“L.H.O.O.Q.,” when
read aloud sound
phonetically similar
to the French slang
phrase elle a chaud
au cul, politely
translated as “she’s
hot for it,”
18. "One can shout out through refuse."
- Kurt Schwitters, 1919
19. Duchamp’s Readymade
To accept the readymade as art would mean that the
work of the artist can be only selection. This implies that
art is not the result of a crafting process, but rather a
naming process.
Realize that photographer’s don’t really “craft” the
images that they “find”, rather they select them from the
world with their viewfinders, and the camera (a machine)
crafts the image. Duchamp “readymade” is just a
sculptural version of this same process.
Leads to new types of questions...
“What is art?”
“How do we know it’s art?”
“Who determines if it’s art?”
21. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Founder of “psychoanalysis”. Provided a critique of human
consciousness, that modern life was hard because of sexual
repression in early life.
Major concepts:
•The “unconscious” or the drives.
•Therapy based on self-realization of trauma and free
association to reveal the unconscious. “Catharsis”
•“Oedipus complex”
•The divided human mind.
•Ego - Conscious self - reality principle
•Id - Unconscious self - pleasure principle.
•Superego- Unconscious internal societal norms- ego ideal.
Major Works: The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900
22. The randomness and irrationality that the Dada movement
perceived in modern life was given an explanation by
Sigmund Freud and the popularization of psychoanalysis.
Instead of being truly random, the world instead showed the
movement of the “drives” in the subconscious mind. Only by
becoming more aware of the actions of your own mind, and
the minds of others could you really understand the world.
Hence a majority of Dada’s followers become Surrealists.
Surrealism
23. Surrealism
Salvador Dali (1904- 1989)
Spanish artist from Madrid who traveled to
Paris in 1928, where he met the Surrealists.
Dalí’s contribution to Surrealist theory was
the “paranoid-critical method,” a.k.a. the
mind’s ability to misread ordinary
appearances.
Other Artists
Andre Breton
Juan Miro
Yves Tanguy
Max Ernst
Key themes: sexuality, violence, and decay.
Includes more recognizable figures and
forms but they also reveal the visual
wonders of a subconscious mind run wild.
25. Andre Breton’s Definition of Surrealism
“Psychic automatism in its pure state... Dictated by
thought, in absence of any control exercised by reason,
exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern.”
Two methods...
1). automatic writing a.k.a.“stream of consciousness”
2). using the irrational narratives of dreams.
3). walking with no destination.
Goals....
Greater truthfulness in depicting the actions of the
unconscious than conscious mind.
28. It epitomizes Dalí's theory of "softness" and "hardness", which
was central to his thinking at the time. It is possible to
recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in
the strange "monster" that Dalí used in several period pieces
to represent himself – the abstract form becoming something
of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work.
The orange clock at the bottom left of the painting is covered
in ants. Dalí often used ants in his paintings as a symbol for
death, as well as a symbol of female genitalia.
The clocks may symbolize the passing of time as one
experiences it in sleep or the persistence of time in the eyes of
the dreamer .
Surrealism
34. Cadavre Exquis (French) with André Breton
(French, 1896-1966), Max Morise (French,
1900-1973), Jeannette Tanguy, Pierre Naville
(French, 1900-1993), Benjamin Péret (French,
1899-1959),Yves Tanguy (American, born
France. 1900-1955) and Jacques Prévert
(French, 1900-1977) 1928.
The Portrait
René Magritte, 1935
Surrealism
35. René Magritte
Belgian, 1898–1967
TimeTransfixed, 1938
Surrealism
Surrealism
Our unconscious orders our
thoughts and “real life”.
By losing oneself, through
dreaming, automatism or
getting lost on a walk the
unconscious object of desire is
revealed.
36. The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí, 1952-54.
Surrealism
37. Man Ray, Champs
delicieux, second
rayogram, 1922.
Rayogram
Made by placing objects
directly on the negative and
exposing it to light.
Surrealism and Photography
45. Bauhaus: Movement based on the belief
that good art and design promote good
society.
Utopia
A perfect and just society
Built by man
Between the Wars
Dada: Movement based on distrust of
rationality and “progress”.
Dystopia
Exploitive and unjust societies
Also built by human hands.
46. Building New Societies
Across Europe a more optimistic approach to the
postwar landscape emerged. It tried to use
industrialization to positively influence human behavior
by making better and more beautiful objects and
buildings.
•Bauhaus: German design school
•Constructivists: Russian academic art
•De Stilj: Dutch art and design
Created Modern versions of fine art, typography [fonts],
graphic and industrial design and architecture.
47. Building New Societies: Constructivism
Suprematist Composition:White
on White, 1918
Kazimir Malevich (Russian, 1878–
1935)
Oval Hanging Construction Number 12, ca.
1920
Aleksandr Rodchenko (Russian, 1891–1956)
48. Modernist artists thought that through a process of
getting rid of the superficial elements, an artist could get
down to the “bare bones” reality of the universe.
Abstraction:
The opposite of representation.
Removing recognizable images.
Simplifying shapes
For Mondrian and the Bauhaus, the essential (primal)
element was Geometry, particularly the square, circle
and triangle.
Building New Societies
49. Samovar, Kazimir Malevich (Russian, born
Ukraine. 1878-1935) 1913.
Suprematist Composition:Airplane Flying. Kazimir
Malevich (Russian, born Ukraine. 1878-1935),
1915
Building New Societies: Constructivism
50. Building New Societies: Constructivism
Rechevik. Stikhi
Aleksandr Rodchenko
(Russian, 1891-1956)
Pamiatnik III Internatsionala,
Vladimir Tatlin (Russian,
1885-1953)
51. Building New Societies: Constructivism
Demitasse Cup and Saucer, 1923
Nikolai Suetin (Russian, 1897-1954)
52. Building New Societies: De Stijl
Composition with Red, Blue, Black,Yellow, and Gray
Piet Mondrian1921
Tableau I: Lozenge with Four Lines and Gray
Piet Mondrian 1926.
53. Building New Societies: De Stijl
Gerrit Rietveld INTERIOR ,
SCHRÖDER HOUSE ,WITH “ RED - BLUE ” CHAIR, 1925.
54. Bauhaus: (“House of Building”) An influential school of
avant-garde art and design active from 1919- 1933 in
Germany, and then later in Chicago.
•Founded by Walter Gropius (1883-1969).
•Brought together German artists, architects, designers,
and craft workers.
•Their goal was to create an integrated system of design
and production.
• Gropius developed a craft-based curriculum that
would turn out artisans and designers capable of
creating useful and beautiful objects appropriate to this
new system of living.
Bauhaus: renewing Modernism
55. Bauhaus Faculty
Paul Klee, Josef and Anni Albers,Wassily Kandinsky, László
Moholy-Nagy, Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
Static-Dynamic
Gradation, 1923
Paul Klee (German,
1879–1940)
Homage to the Square:
With Rays, 1959
Josef Albers
The Garden of Love
(Improvisation Number 27), 1912
Wassily Kandinsky
57. The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design
education.The curriculum commenced with a preliminary
course that immersed the students, who came from a diverse
range of social and educational backgrounds, in the study of
materials, color theory, and formal relationships in
preparation for more specialized studies.
This partnership between fine art and industry became a
model for interior design, architecture and design in general.
Many of the recognizable pieces of furniture and our built
environment have their origin in the Bauhaus.
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
58. Nesting Tables Model ...
Marcel Breuer
Design date: 1925-26
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
59. Building New Societies: Bauhaus
"MR" armchair, 1927
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (American, born
Germany, 1886–1969), Designer
Tubular steel, painted caning
Tea infuser and strainer, ca. 1924
Marianne Brandt (German, 1893–1983)
Silver and ebony
60. "Wassily" chair, 1925
Marcel Breuer
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
Sought a unity of the art, craft,
typography, architecture etc.
through design.
Believed that designed objects
could influence behavior.
Helps bring about important
“modern” innovations in
typography, design and
architecture.
62. Staatliches Bauhaus,Weimar,
1919–1923, 1923
Walter Gropius (German,
1883–1969) et al.
Book-printed halftone,
photographs, and
lithograph
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
Neuer
Kunstsalon am
Neckartor
(New Art Salon
at Neckartor)
Oskar
Schlemmer
(German,
1888-1943)
63. Bauhaus Lettering Set (Kombinations-Schrift)
Josef Albers (American, born Germany. 1888-1976)
1926-31
Building New Societies: Bauhaus
Kandem Bedside Table Lamp
Marianne Brandt (German,
1893-1983) and Hin Bredendieck
(German, 1904 - 1995)
1928
64. Herbert Bayer, (graphic
designer)
Catalog of goods from
the Bauhaus Workshops,
1925
By working with
local industry the
Bauhaus could
make the designs
broadly available.
69. The introduction of a new building material, iron, in the 19th
century created a breakthrough in structural systems. Iron
had not been used in architecture prior to this.
Gutav Eiffel, a French engineer, created the centerpiece for
the Paris World’s Fair of 1889.The Eiffel Tower rises on four
arched columns, which curve inward until they meet in a
single tower, thrusting up boldly above the Parisian
cityscape. It was a skeleton that proudly showed itself
without benefit of any cosmetic embellishment, or skin.
Metal in and of itself can make beautiful architecture, as well
as a solid framework for a very large structure.
Cast-Iron Construction
73. The modern sky-scraper required two late-19th
century inventions, the elevator and steel-frame
construction, another true skeleton-and-skin
arrangement.
1). Builders erect a steel “cage” that is capable of
sustaining the entire weight of the building.
2).They apply an exterior “skin” of some other
material.
Steel-Frame Construction
74. Steel-Frame Construction
Louis Sullivan,
Wainwright Building, St. Louis, 1890-91.
The first modern building
employed a steel framework
sheathed in masonry.
Sullivan broke new ground by
making his sheathing light.
Regular bays of windows
Strong, vertical lines
75. Gordon Bunshaft, Lever House, NewYork,
1952
In 1932 The Museum of
Modern Art in NewYork held
an influential exhibition of
modernist architecture called
the “International Style”
•Walter Gropius [Bauhaus]
•MiesVan der Rohe [Bauhaus]
•Le Corbusier
The Lever House is an
example of this style with
understated form.
Modernism
77. International Style
Simplified forms
Emphasized volume over mass
Emphasized the flow of the space rather than symmetry
Rejected ornamentation
Frequently used facades
Stressed that the function of the building or community
plan should determine the shape or form of the building.
“Form follows function.”
Modernism
78. Walter Gropius “Friend’s Convalescent Center”, 1957 (demolished)
International Style Architecture
79. Villa Savoye, in Poissy-sur-Seine, France, Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret ) 1929-31
International Style Architecture
80. Open interior plan
Raised the building on pillars
Facade separate
from interior
Horizontal windows
Rooftop garden or
interior atrium
Le Corbusier’s “Five PointsToward a New Architecture”
houses = "machines for living in."
International Style Architecture
81. Villa Savoye, in Poissy-sur-Seine, France, Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret ) 1929-31
International Style Architecture
83. Villa Savoye, in Poissy-sur-Seine, France, Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret ) 1929-31
International Style Architecture
84. Berg Instructional Center BIC
The Rodney K. Berg Instructional Center (BIC) was completed
in 1974.A four-level structure designed in the modern style of
architecture constructed of cor-ten steel.
International Style
Horizontal windows.
Unadorned steel facade
Interior courtyards.
Open floor plans.
Form follows function.
International Style Architecture
86. June 12, 1973: A building under construction at the College of DuPage boasts
two floors above ground and steel that never needs refinishing. — Hardy Wieting
/ Chicago Tribune, July 25, 2014
87. Re-skinning of the BIC. Creates a Postmodern emphasis on color,
decoration and place onto a thoroughly Modernist building built
only for functionality.
88. MiesVan der Rohe, 860-880 N. Lakeshore Drive, 1951
International Style Architecture
89. MiesVan der Rohe, 860-880 N. Lakeshore Drive, 1951
Deceptively simple in appearance,
these twin apartment towers set
the standard by which all
subsequent glass-and-steel
highrises are judged. Few, if any,
have come even close to these
buildings' perfection in form,
proportions, and detailing.They
are featured in every book on
modern architecture, and they
are among the best known of the
city's post-World War II
architecture.
90. MiesVan der Rohe, 860-880 N. Lakeshore Drive, 1951
International Style Architecture
91. MiesVan der Rohe, 860-880 N. Lakeshore Drive, 1951
International Style Architecture
92. MiesVan der Rohe, Crown Hall, (3360 S. State St), 1956
International Style Architecture
93. Mies van der Rohe designed
Crown Hall to house Illinois
Institute of Technology's
departments of architecture,
planning, and design, the
building's dramatic form resulted
from the need to create an open
interior space that could be
flexibly adapted for changing
needs and uses. Instead of
interior columns, the roof is
hung from exposed steel trusses
bridging the depth of the
building. It was named for S. R.
Crown, a co-founder of the
Material Service Corporation.
94. S. R. Crown Hall, Mies van der Rohe, 1956
International Style Architecture
95. S. R. Crown Hall, Mies van der Rohe, 1956
International Style Architecture
96. International Style Architecture
Le Corbusier’s PlanVoisin, Paris 1925
International Style architects not only designed buildings but
practiced urban planning.They created layouts for large
housing developments around the world. Many of these same
types of buildings and plans became the models for US housing
developments.
97. Building New Societies: Modernist Architecture
Robert Taylor Homes, completed 1962
Upon completion in 1962,
Chicago's Robert Taylor Homes
became the largest public housing
project in the United States.
98. Building New Societies: Modernist Architecture
Robert Taylor Homes,(1962-2000)
The International Style
buildings were created in
a utopian belief that ideal
architecture could help
create ideal societies.
While in some cases this
was true, in Chicago the
usage of high density
housing was undermined
by the history of housing
discrimination and
segregation.
100. The battle between skepticism of the idea of social progress
(in Dada) and the belief in it’s possibility (in the Bauhaus) is
still a feature of the Modern movement.
In the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s Modernism itself comes under
attack as being out of touch, unforgiving and brutal.This is
the advent of Postmodernism.
Building New Societies: Modernist Architecture