Endodontic surgery is performed to preserve natural teeth when a root canal fails to heal the tooth or resolve issues related to previous root canal treatment. It involves surgically accessing and treating damaged tissues outside the tooth root that have become infected or inflamed. Some common reasons for endodontic surgery are a failure of nonsurgical root canal treatment, need to remove calcium deposits or repair damaged roots/bone, and to retrieve broken instruments. It is done by an endodontic surgeon to resolve symptoms when other options have been exhausted.

2. In most cases, a root canal is performed to save teeth with injured pulp from
extraction. Sometimes, this non-surgical procedure is not sufficient to heal the
tooth and the endodontist recommends endodontic surgery.
Endodontic surgery is a dental procedure that is performed to preserve the
natural tooth affected by apical periodontitis that cannot be treated with
conventional root canal therapy, or to fix issues concerning root canal
procedures. Endodontic surgeries in Chicago are performed by an expert and
experienced endodontic surgeon at The Dental Specialists to treat the damaged
tissues outside of the tooth root when it becomes inflamed or infected and causes
great discomfort.
Introduction

3. Indications
Endodontic surgery is performed when there is-
•Requirement for surgical drainage of the severely infected tooth pulp to
preserve the natural tooth
•Failure of non-surgical root canal treatment (including irretrievable root canal
filling or intraradicular post)
•Need to treat calcific metamorphosis of the pulp stone (i.e. remove the
calcium deposits in the root canal), damaged root surfaces, or the damaged
surrounding bone of the tooth
•Error in the procedures like non-negotiable ledging, root perforation,
instrument fragmentation, and symptomatic overfilling
•Anatomic variations of the tooth roots such as root dilacerations and apical
root fenestrations
•Need of a biopsy from the periapical region

4. •Need to retrieve broken instruments
•Requirement of replacement surgery or corrective surgery for root caries, root
resorptive defects, root-end resection (apicoectomy for infection or
inflammation of the bony area near the tooth roots after root canal treatment),
bicuspidization, and hemisection
•Need to examine the tooth roots. If the patient experiences persistent
toothache and nothing can be revealed by dental X-rays, the surgery can be
used during the initial treatment to locate the hidden canals or tiny tooth
fractures and provide treatment.

5. CONTRAINDICATIONS:-
- Anatomic factors
• Proximity to nerve bundles
• Second mandibular molar
• Maxillary sinus
-Periodontal status
-Medical factors
• Leukemia or neutropenia
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Recent heart surgery
• Cancer
• Old/ill patients
-Postponement of surgery
• Patient’s on anticoagulants
• Radiation therapy of jaw
• Surgeon’s skill