1. Four experiments were conducted in Egypt to study the effects of biochar and organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of alfalfa, faba bean, and pearl millet. 2. A slow pyrolysis machine was used to produce biochar from agricultural waste materials like tomato straw, cantaloupe straw, remnants of date palms and olive trees, and tamarix over 38 cycles. 3. Several workshops and seminars were held in Egypt to educate farmers on converting agricultural waste to biochar and other bio-products.

1. 1
Summary of Bio-Char Activities Carried out in Egypt
 Implemented of four experiments as follow:
A. Effect of Bio-char and Some Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield
and Quality Traits of Alfalfa {Perennial Crop; we have completely data
for 16-Mows} (North Sinai-Governorate).
B. Effect of Bio-char and Some Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield
and Quality Traits of Faba Bean {Winter Season crop; we have completely
data for two-season; 2013-2014 & 2014-2015} (North Sinai-Governorate).
C. Effect of Bio-char and Some Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield
and Quality Traits of Pearl Millet {Summer Season Crop; we have
completely data for one season; 2014 and the second season are
established this year-2015} (North Sinai-Governorate).
 Treatments:
1. T1: Bio-char (1-kg/m2).
2. T2: Sheep and Goats Manure
3. T3: Bio-Fertilizers (Phosphorin, Potasin-P and Rizobacterin)
4. T4: Chemical Fertilizers (As Recommended Rates)
5. T5: T1 + 100% of T4
6. T5: T1 + 50% of T4
7. T5: T1 + 25% of T4
8. T5: T2 + 100% of T4
9. T5: T2 + 50% of T4
10. T5: T2 + 25% of T4
11. T5: T3 + 100% of T4
12. T5: T3 + 50% of T4
13. T3 + 25% of T4
14. T1 + T2
15. T1 + T3
16. T1 + T2 + T3
 Sowing Date:
o Alfalfa: 21.12.2013 (Because of the delay of the arrival of Bio-char
from Finland)
Agriculture Research Center
Field Crops Research Institute
Egyptian-Finnish-Project
(EGY/ICI MTT/FCRI-14208006)
In Collaboration with
Development of Fodder Resources in Sinai-Project

2. 2
o Faba Bean: 1st
season: 21.12.2013
2nd
season: 30.10.2014
o Pearl Millet: 1st
season: 09.05.2014
2nd
season: 28.04.2015 (Summer Season-2015)
 Plot Area: 1.00 m x 25.00 m = 25.00 m2
 No. of Rep.: 3-Reps
 Irrigation system: Drip Irrigation; 100 cm between Lines & 30 cm
between drippers
 ECw ranged from: 4200-4800 ppm through the year.
D. Effects of addition of Bio-char on Onions (Allium cepa L.) yield under
three levels of water irrigation. {Winter Season Crop; 2014-2015} (IARS-
Ismailia Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia-Governorate).
 Treatments:
1. Three levels of Irrigation:
a) 60% Depletion
b) 40% Depilation
c) 20% Depilation
2. Three Rate of Bio-char:
a) Control (without bio-char)
b) 0.500 kg/m2
c) 1.000 kg/m2
 No. of Mows for Alfalfa: 16-Mows.
No. of Mow Mow Date No. of Mow Mow Date
1 18.03.2014 9 05.10.2014
2 15.04.2014 10 02.11.2014
3 08.05.2014 11 01.12.2014
4 31.05.2014 12 31.12.2014
5 26.06.2014 13 29.01.2015
6 21.07.2014 14 28.02.2015
7 14.08.2014 15 29.03.2015
8 09.09.2014 16 30.04.2015
­ Alfalfa Traits:
1. Plant height.
2. Leaf/Stem Ratio.
3. FFY: Fresh Forage Yield (Ton / Fad.)
4. DFY: Dry Forage Yield (Ton / Fad.)
5. DM (%): Dry Matter (%)
6. WUED: Water Use Efficiency based on Dry Yield
7. CP&CF: Crude Protein & Crude fiber
8. TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients

3. 3
9. DCP: Digestible Crude Protein
10. T.C: Ton Cost
11. N.P.F: Net Profit / Fadden
12. P.T.P: Profit from Ton production
13. P.I.P: Profit from Investor Pound
­ Faba Bean Traits:
o Shedding Percentage (%):
- Total Shedding Percentage.
o Yield and Yield Components:
1. Plant height (cm)
2. No. of branches/ Plt.
3. No. of internodes/Main stem,
4. No. of pods / Plt.
5. Pod Length (cm)
6. No. of seeds/Pod
7. 100-seeds weight (Seeds index)
8. Green Pods Yield
9. Seed Yield,
10.Total Biomass (above ground Phytomass)
11.Harvest Index.
12.T.C: Ton Cost (for green pods & seed yield)
13.N.P.F: Net Profit / Fadden (for green pods & seed yield)
14.P.T.P: Profit from Ton production (for green pods & seed yield)
15.P.I.P: Profit from Investor Pound (for green pods & seed yield)
 No. of Mows for Pearl Millet in the 1st
Season (2014): 4-Mows.
No. of Mow Mow Date
1 30.06.2014
2 27.07.2014
3 24.08.2014
4 22.09.2014
- Pearl Millet Traits:
1. Plant height.
2. FFY: Fresh Forage Yield (Ton / Fad.)
3. DFY: Dry Forage Yield (Ton / Fad.)
4. DM (%): Dry Matter (%)
5. WUED: Water Use Efficiency based on Dry Yield
6. CP&CF: Crude Protein & Crude fiber
7. TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients
8. DCP: Digestible Crude Protein
9. T.C: Ton Cost
10.N.P.F: Net Profit / Fadden
11.P.T.P: Profit from Ton production

4. 4
12.P.I.P: Profit from Investor Pound
 Slow Pyrolysis Retort-Machine:
 Several cycles were done as follow (38- Cycles):
Months No. of Cycles Date
January-2014 3-cycles 02-03, 13-14, 25-26.01.2014
February-2014 3-cycles
03-04, 26-27.02.2014. In addition to, the
1st
workshop cycle (18-19.02.2014)
March-2014 3-cycles 04-05, 11-12, 18-19.03.2014
April-2014 2-cycles 06-07, 14-15.04.2014
May-2015 3-cycles 09-10, 16-17, 23-24.05.2014.
June-2014 4-cycles
13-14, 14-15.06.2014. In addition to, the
3rd
Workshop cycle (01-02.06.2014;
Prof. Kari Tiilikkala) and 4th
workshop
cycle (23-24.06.2014)
July-2014 4-cycles 05-06, 12-13, 19-20, 26-27.07.2014
August-2014 1-cycle 08-09.08.2014
September-2014 1-cycle 12-13.09.2014
October-2014 1-cycle 12-13.10.2014
November-2014 2-cycles 08-09, 14-15.11.2014
December-2014 2-cycles 05-06, 12-13.12.2014
January-2015 3-cycles 09-10, 16-17, 23-24.01.2015
February-2015 2-cycles 13-14, 20-21.02.2015
March-2015 2-cycles 13-14, 27-28.03.2015
April-2015 2-cycles 17-18, 24-25.04.2015
 Used Materials:
­ Tomato Straw (Solanum lycopersicum L.) {12-Cycles}.
­ Cantaloupe Straw (Cucumis melo L.) {10-Cycles}.
­ Remnants of Date Palms (Phoenix dactylifera) {07-Cycles}.
­ Remnants of Olive Trees (Olea europaea) {08-Cycles}.
­ Tamarix (Tamarix nilotica) {1-Cycle}.
Notice:
o The Product Liquid from Tomato Straw Is Best One as Herbicide,
especially, on Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
o Tamarix (Tamarix nilotica)-cycle was characterized by:
­ Spent a long time (07:55 h), despite of the well dry used material.
­ Low amount of product liquid (01.500 L).
o Data Recorded for All Cycles: Used Materials (Kg), End Products-
Char (Kg), Liquid Volume (L) and Spent Time (h).

5. 5
 Seminars & Wokshops:
 Wokshops:
Implemented of 4-Wokshops:
1. 1st Workshop: Converting Agricultural Waste to Bio-products Between
Theory and Practice.
 18-19 February 2014
 Place: Rabaa Village, Rummana, North Sinai-Governorate
 No. of Attendees & Farmers: 49
 No. of Females: 17
 No. of Males: 32
2. 3rd
Workshop: Agricultural Residues Management {Prof. Dr. Kari
Tiilikkala}.
 05-06 June 2014
 Place: Ektia Village, Rummana Agriculture-Dept.; Bir Al-Abed
District; North Sinai-Governorate
 No. of Attendees & Farmers: 64
 No. of Females: 35
 No. of Males: 29
3. 4th
Workshop: Converting Agricultural Waste to Bio-products Between
Theory and Practice In North Sinai-Governorate
 23-24 June 2014
 Place: Sadat Village, Bir Al-Abed, North Sinai-Governorate
 No. of Attendees & Farmers: 52
 No. of Females: 15
 No. of Males: 37
4. 9th Workshop: Pyrolysis of Agricultural Residues: Production and
Characterization of Bio-char Soils Management
 09-11 March 2015
 Place: IARS: Ismailia-Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia
Governorate
 No. of Attendees: 92
 No. of Females: 52
 No. of Males: 40
 Seminars:
Implemented of 1-Seminar:
1. 1st
Seminar: Agricultural Residues Management with Conservation
Agriculture: Potential, Constraints and Needs {Prof. Dr. Kari Tiilikkala}.
 05 June 2014
 Place: FCRI-Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, Giza-Governorate
 No. of Attendees: 63
 No. of Females: 25
 No. of Males: 38