This document discusses water and rivers from an ecological perspective. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including water's role in ecosystems, characteristics of water and rivers, how life is impacted, water quality and pollution, and testing a local river. The document then discusses water itself, including its physical and chemical properties. It also covers topics like the water cycle, characteristics of rivers like headwaters and mouths, and how rivers shape the landscape through erosion, transportation, and deposition over time.
Unit 2 the importanceofwaterandriverspp(revised2006)mpiskel
This document discusses water and rivers, including key concepts like the water cycle, characteristics of rivers, and how humans interact with and impact rivers. It explains that water cycles through evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and either infiltration into the ground or runoff into rivers. Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment over time. Humans can help rivers through conservation but also harm them with pollution and activities like channelization that disrupt natural processes.
The document discusses various aspects of the water cycle and water distribution on Earth. It explains that water continually changes forms and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land through processes like evaporation, condensation and precipitation, in what is known as the water cycle. Most of Earth's water is salty ocean water, while only a small percentage is available as fresh water in lakes, rivers, glaciers and groundwater. The document also describes ocean waves, tides and currents, and how they influence weather and ocean circulation patterns.
The document discusses awareness of pollution to watersheds. It provides context on how activities like urban development, population growth, and invasive species can degrade water quality and biodiversity through increased runoff and habitat loss. Specific pollutants mentioned include sediment, oil, pesticides, and pathogens. The document emphasizes the interconnectedness of healthy watersheds and a sustainable environment.
1. The document discusses Earth's water resources and the water cycle. It explains that only a small portion of Earth's water is freshwater and readily available for human use.
2. Most of Earth's water is located in oceans and is salt water. Freshwater exists as ice sheets and glaciers, groundwater underground, and surface water in lakes, rivers and streams.
3. The water cycle involves evaporation and condensation that recycles and redistributes Earth's water resources constantly. Maintaining water quality and supply through responsible usage is important since water is a critical yet limited resource.
The document summarizes the water cycle in 3 sentences or less:
The water cycle describes how water is circulated around Earth through different states as solid, liquid, and gas. As the sun warms water, it evaporates as vapor into the air, condenses into clouds, and falls back to Earth as precipitation on land and ocean where some is absorbed in the ground, stored in lakes and rivers, and flows out to sea, completing the cycle. Understanding the water cycle is important because human activities like pollution, farming, and development can impact available fresh water.
The document discusses various topics related to water resources on Earth. It begins by noting that clean water availability is a major concern due to contaminants affecting water quality. It then covers the water cycle, different types of water (freshwater and saltwater), water reservoirs like streams, lakes and wetlands, pollution issues, and laws protecting water bodies. Specific aspects of the hydrologic cycle, ocean currents, freshwater reserves in glaciers and permafrost, and aquatic organisms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key concepts about rivers and water systems from an Earth Science textbook. It begins by describing how moving water causes erosion and shapes the landscape. It explains the water cycle and defines important river features like tributaries, watersheds, and gradients. Later sections discuss how rivers deposit sediment to form features like deltas and floodplains. It also explains groundwater systems, describing aquifers, springs, wells, and how erosion can form caves and sinkholes. The document concludes by discussing water pollution, water treatment, and conservation strategies.
The document summarizes key aspects of water use and management around the world. It discusses the hydrologic cycle and how water is unevenly distributed globally. It then outlines major water compartments like oceans, glaciers, groundwater, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere. It notes that while water availability and usage is increasing, many regions already face water scarcity or stress. Common causes of shortages include overuse, drought, and depletion of sources like groundwater. Agriculture accounts for the majority of global water consumption.
Unit 2 the importanceofwaterandriverspp(revised2006)mpiskel
This document discusses water and rivers, including key concepts like the water cycle, characteristics of rivers, and how humans interact with and impact rivers. It explains that water cycles through evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and either infiltration into the ground or runoff into rivers. Rivers erode, transport, and deposit sediment over time. Humans can help rivers through conservation but also harm them with pollution and activities like channelization that disrupt natural processes.
The document discusses various aspects of the water cycle and water distribution on Earth. It explains that water continually changes forms and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land through processes like evaporation, condensation and precipitation, in what is known as the water cycle. Most of Earth's water is salty ocean water, while only a small percentage is available as fresh water in lakes, rivers, glaciers and groundwater. The document also describes ocean waves, tides and currents, and how they influence weather and ocean circulation patterns.
The document discusses awareness of pollution to watersheds. It provides context on how activities like urban development, population growth, and invasive species can degrade water quality and biodiversity through increased runoff and habitat loss. Specific pollutants mentioned include sediment, oil, pesticides, and pathogens. The document emphasizes the interconnectedness of healthy watersheds and a sustainable environment.
1. The document discusses Earth's water resources and the water cycle. It explains that only a small portion of Earth's water is freshwater and readily available for human use.
2. Most of Earth's water is located in oceans and is salt water. Freshwater exists as ice sheets and glaciers, groundwater underground, and surface water in lakes, rivers and streams.
3. The water cycle involves evaporation and condensation that recycles and redistributes Earth's water resources constantly. Maintaining water quality and supply through responsible usage is important since water is a critical yet limited resource.
The document summarizes the water cycle in 3 sentences or less:
The water cycle describes how water is circulated around Earth through different states as solid, liquid, and gas. As the sun warms water, it evaporates as vapor into the air, condenses into clouds, and falls back to Earth as precipitation on land and ocean where some is absorbed in the ground, stored in lakes and rivers, and flows out to sea, completing the cycle. Understanding the water cycle is important because human activities like pollution, farming, and development can impact available fresh water.
The document discusses various topics related to water resources on Earth. It begins by noting that clean water availability is a major concern due to contaminants affecting water quality. It then covers the water cycle, different types of water (freshwater and saltwater), water reservoirs like streams, lakes and wetlands, pollution issues, and laws protecting water bodies. Specific aspects of the hydrologic cycle, ocean currents, freshwater reserves in glaciers and permafrost, and aquatic organisms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key concepts about rivers and water systems from an Earth Science textbook. It begins by describing how moving water causes erosion and shapes the landscape. It explains the water cycle and defines important river features like tributaries, watersheds, and gradients. Later sections discuss how rivers deposit sediment to form features like deltas and floodplains. It also explains groundwater systems, describing aquifers, springs, wells, and how erosion can form caves and sinkholes. The document concludes by discussing water pollution, water treatment, and conservation strategies.
The document summarizes key aspects of water use and management around the world. It discusses the hydrologic cycle and how water is unevenly distributed globally. It then outlines major water compartments like oceans, glaciers, groundwater, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere. It notes that while water availability and usage is increasing, many regions already face water scarcity or stress. Common causes of shortages include overuse, drought, and depletion of sources like groundwater. Agriculture accounts for the majority of global water consumption.
The document discusses North Carolina's river basins and their importance. It explains that a river basin is the area of land that drains into a river system. It notes that there are 17 major river basins in North Carolina, with 5 draining into the Mississippi River and the rest draining into the Atlantic Ocean. The health of river systems is directly related to human activities on the surrounding land.
NC River Basin Scavenger Hunt with responsesDwayne Squires
The document summarizes responses to questions about river basins and watersheds. It describes how water moves through river basins and watersheds, collecting pollutants as it flows across land and underground. It also discusses issues like flooding, water quality, and citizen efforts to monitor and restore local rivers and streams. The French Broad River basin in North Carolina is used as an example, noting it is composed of several interconnected sub-basins that drain into the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky Rivers.
My mission is to deliver world-class international education power point presentation through the provision of high-quality curricula, assessment and services for the IGCSE EVM.
A wide range of materials and resources is available through my Slide share to support teachers and learners in Cambridge schools. Resources suit a variety of teaching methods in different international contexts.
The content of this power point presentation is designed to encourage reflection on the limits to growth and sustainable development for IGCSE EVM.
The content of this PowerPoint is structured as a series of learning outcomes that lay out what candidates should know, understand and be able to analyze and discuss.
Environmental Management is concerned not only with the impact of humankind on the planet but also with the patterns of human behavior necessary to preserve and manage the environment in a self-sustaining way. Study is linked to the areas of new thinking in environmental management, environmental economics and the quest for alternative technologies. Classroom studies and optional coursework allow candidates to obtain a local as well as a global perspective.
The document provides an introduction to hydrology, including:
- Defining hydrology as the science studying the water cycle and flows between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
- Describing the key elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and the spatial and temporal scales involved.
- Noting that the water cycle sustains life on Earth, shapes its surface, and regulates the climate.
The document discusses the Earth's freshwater resources. It notes that only 3% of the Earth's water is freshwater, with 97% being saltwater. Of the 3% freshwater, 76% is locked up in ice sheets and glaciers, while 23% is underground. The water cycle, which is powered by the sun, moves water between bodies of water, land, living things, and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Fresh surface water exists in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Underground, freshwater is stored in aquifers, which are porous rock that can be accessed through wells. The document also discusses freshwater pollution and the importance of water conservation.
The document discusses the hydrological cycle and water resources. It describes how the hydrological cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. It then explains key components of the hydrological cycle like evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation, runoff and groundwater. Finally, it discusses factors that influence water retention in soil like soil texture, particle size, and organic matter content.
Wetlands are areas of land that are covered with water during some part of the year and are classified based on their vegetation. There are three main types of wetlands: swamps which are dominated by trees and shrubs; marshes which lack trees and shrubs and form near rivers and lakes; and bogs which receive water only from rain and have developed unique ways for plants to access nutrients, such as carnivorous plants. Wetlands are important habitats for many animals and provide valuable functions like absorbing flood waters, trapping sediments, and removing nutrients from waterways.
Water is essential for life and has many unique chemical and physical properties that make it suitable for sustaining living organisms. It covers 70% of the Earth's surface and is continuously circulated through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and runoff. Fresh water makes up only a small portion of the total water on Earth and is found primarily as ice caps, glaciers, groundwater, and surface water in lakes and rivers. Throughout history, access to fresh water has been crucial for the development of human civilizations. Today, water pollution and contamination pose threats to public health.
This power point presentation is all about water resources and its characteristics.It is presented by Ram Angeles and Frank Gutierrez of section 11- San Juan from Rizal Technological University
This presentation is all about the different types of water resources on the planet Earth and this presentation also shows what kind of cycle that water undergoes to create rain, snow or hail. This presentation is also about how we can find different kinds of things that we normally do that destroys our bodies of water specially climate change and water pollution.
This document provides information about various sources of freshwater and drinking water sources. It discusses the water cycle and major reservoirs like groundwater, glaciers, rivers/lakes and the atmosphere. Students explore these sources through various websites and activities. They learn that local drinking water in Salt Lake City comes from rivers and snowmelt in the Wasatch Mountains that flow into reservoirs in the Jordan River and Great Salt Lake watershed. The document emphasizes the importance of protecting water sources and discusses actions individuals and society can take to better conserve freshwater.
Nearly all (97.5%) of the water on Earth is salt water found in oceans and seas. Only 2.5% of the water on Earth is fresh water, with over two-thirds of that being frozen in ice caps and glaciers. Less than 1% of the world's total water is accessible for direct human use from sources like lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Freshwater biomes, which cover about 20% of the Earth's surface, consist of bodies of fresh water like lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers that support various fish and plant life.
Chapter 6:1 Freshwater at Earth’s Surface - StreamsDwayne Squires
This document discusses freshwater sources on Earth's surface. It covers streams, including how runoff enters streams, types of streams like meandering and braided streams, and how streams shape the land through erosion and deposition. It also discusses drainage basins, and how flooding can be caused by heavy rain or snowmelt that increases stream discharge beyond the capacity of the channel.
The document discusses the water cycle and distribution of water on Earth. Most (97%) of Earth's water is saltwater found in oceans. The remaining 3% is freshwater, with 76% bound up as ice in glaciers and ice sheets and less than 1% available for human use. Water is constantly circulated through the water cycle, driven by energy from the sun. In the cycle, water evaporates from oceans and land into the atmosphere, forms clouds, and falls back to the Earth's surface as precipitation like rain or snow.
Vijay's presentation discusses water resources and related topics. It notes that fresh water is a renewable yet decreasing resource. It describes the major uses of water as agricultural, industrial, household, and environmental. The document then discusses sources of fresh water such as surface water and groundwater. It also covers topics like floods, drought, conflicts over water, and more.
The document discusses water resources including surface water and groundwater. It provides background on the water cycle, noting that water is continually moving through different states on Earth. It also discusses the distribution of Earth's water, with only 1% available for human use, mostly as groundwater. The document focuses on the Clear Creek watershed in Texas, describing the watershed area, environmental characteristics, flooding issues, and flood reduction measures. It also discusses uses of surface water and the process of water treatment.
This document discusses the water cycle through several sections:
1. It begins with an anticipatory guide asking the reader to agree or disagree with statements about the water cycle. Most of the earth's water exists in oceans, and the water people drink has been around since the beginning of earth.
2. Next, it explains key terms like sublimation and condensation in the water cycle.
3. Readers learn about the 16 components of the water cycle through an activity where they research and create posters about individual components.
4. The document concludes with a water use tracking activity and questions about personal water conservation.
The document discusses various topics related to the hydrosphere including the composition of seawater, ocean topography, water purification methods, ocean zonation, the hydrologic cycle, tides, and water pollution. It provides details on the major oceans, depth and salinity of seawater, techniques for filtering and disinfecting water, the vertical zones of the ocean defined by light penetration, stages of the hydrologic cycle involving evaporation, transport, precipitation, and runoff, tidal patterns driven by the gravitational pull of the moon, and sources and measurement of water pollution.
The document discusses the importance of water and its properties. It begins by stating that water is essential for life and makes up a large portion of the Earth's surface and living things. It then describes the different types of water, including ocean water, continental water sources like rivers and lakes, and groundwater. The water cycle is explained, showing how water circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and land via evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and drainage. Key properties of water like surface tension, density, solubility, and specific heat are also outlined. The document aims to raise awareness of water's importance and the need to protect this vital resource.
This document discusses where fresh water is found on Earth, how it moves through surface water and groundwater systems, and how humans use fresh water resources. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh, with 1% as liquid water found on the surface in streams, rivers and lakes (surface water), and below the surface in aquifers (groundwater). Surface water flows downhill and joins together in river systems within watersheds, eventually discharging into the ground to recharge aquifers, or into the ocean. Groundwater flows through aquifers, being recharged in upland areas and discharging in lowlands. Humans rely on both surface and groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses.
Unit 5 part 1 photosynthesis.jan.2013.deltampiskel
The document discusses photosynthesis and energy transfer in living organisms. It explains that:
1) Photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water to produce oxygen as a byproduct and sugars like glucose.
2) The process occurs in two stages - the light dependent reaction where light energy splits water producing oxygen, and the light independent reaction where carbon dioxide is fixed to make sugars using the energy from the light reaction.
3) The sugars produced through photosynthesis are then used by plants and other organisms as an energy source or building material through the process of cellular respiration.
The document discusses meiosis, the process by which diploid cells undergo two cell divisions to produce four haploid cells. It explains that meiosis is necessary to produce gametes or sex cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows fertilization to restore the diploid number. The stages of meiosis I and meiosis II are outlined, noting how homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I and sister chromatids separate in meiosis II, resulting in four unique haploid daughter cells.
The document discusses North Carolina's river basins and their importance. It explains that a river basin is the area of land that drains into a river system. It notes that there are 17 major river basins in North Carolina, with 5 draining into the Mississippi River and the rest draining into the Atlantic Ocean. The health of river systems is directly related to human activities on the surrounding land.
NC River Basin Scavenger Hunt with responsesDwayne Squires
The document summarizes responses to questions about river basins and watersheds. It describes how water moves through river basins and watersheds, collecting pollutants as it flows across land and underground. It also discusses issues like flooding, water quality, and citizen efforts to monitor and restore local rivers and streams. The French Broad River basin in North Carolina is used as an example, noting it is composed of several interconnected sub-basins that drain into the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky Rivers.
My mission is to deliver world-class international education power point presentation through the provision of high-quality curricula, assessment and services for the IGCSE EVM.
A wide range of materials and resources is available through my Slide share to support teachers and learners in Cambridge schools. Resources suit a variety of teaching methods in different international contexts.
The content of this power point presentation is designed to encourage reflection on the limits to growth and sustainable development for IGCSE EVM.
The content of this PowerPoint is structured as a series of learning outcomes that lay out what candidates should know, understand and be able to analyze and discuss.
Environmental Management is concerned not only with the impact of humankind on the planet but also with the patterns of human behavior necessary to preserve and manage the environment in a self-sustaining way. Study is linked to the areas of new thinking in environmental management, environmental economics and the quest for alternative technologies. Classroom studies and optional coursework allow candidates to obtain a local as well as a global perspective.
The document provides an introduction to hydrology, including:
- Defining hydrology as the science studying the water cycle and flows between the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
- Describing the key elements of the water cycle, including precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, and the spatial and temporal scales involved.
- Noting that the water cycle sustains life on Earth, shapes its surface, and regulates the climate.
The document discusses the Earth's freshwater resources. It notes that only 3% of the Earth's water is freshwater, with 97% being saltwater. Of the 3% freshwater, 76% is locked up in ice sheets and glaciers, while 23% is underground. The water cycle, which is powered by the sun, moves water between bodies of water, land, living things, and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Fresh surface water exists in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Underground, freshwater is stored in aquifers, which are porous rock that can be accessed through wells. The document also discusses freshwater pollution and the importance of water conservation.
The document discusses the hydrological cycle and water resources. It describes how the hydrological cycle involves the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. It then explains key components of the hydrological cycle like evapotranspiration, infiltration, percolation, runoff and groundwater. Finally, it discusses factors that influence water retention in soil like soil texture, particle size, and organic matter content.
Wetlands are areas of land that are covered with water during some part of the year and are classified based on their vegetation. There are three main types of wetlands: swamps which are dominated by trees and shrubs; marshes which lack trees and shrubs and form near rivers and lakes; and bogs which receive water only from rain and have developed unique ways for plants to access nutrients, such as carnivorous plants. Wetlands are important habitats for many animals and provide valuable functions like absorbing flood waters, trapping sediments, and removing nutrients from waterways.
Water is essential for life and has many unique chemical and physical properties that make it suitable for sustaining living organisms. It covers 70% of the Earth's surface and is continuously circulated through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and runoff. Fresh water makes up only a small portion of the total water on Earth and is found primarily as ice caps, glaciers, groundwater, and surface water in lakes and rivers. Throughout history, access to fresh water has been crucial for the development of human civilizations. Today, water pollution and contamination pose threats to public health.
This power point presentation is all about water resources and its characteristics.It is presented by Ram Angeles and Frank Gutierrez of section 11- San Juan from Rizal Technological University
This presentation is all about the different types of water resources on the planet Earth and this presentation also shows what kind of cycle that water undergoes to create rain, snow or hail. This presentation is also about how we can find different kinds of things that we normally do that destroys our bodies of water specially climate change and water pollution.
This document provides information about various sources of freshwater and drinking water sources. It discusses the water cycle and major reservoirs like groundwater, glaciers, rivers/lakes and the atmosphere. Students explore these sources through various websites and activities. They learn that local drinking water in Salt Lake City comes from rivers and snowmelt in the Wasatch Mountains that flow into reservoirs in the Jordan River and Great Salt Lake watershed. The document emphasizes the importance of protecting water sources and discusses actions individuals and society can take to better conserve freshwater.
Nearly all (97.5%) of the water on Earth is salt water found in oceans and seas. Only 2.5% of the water on Earth is fresh water, with over two-thirds of that being frozen in ice caps and glaciers. Less than 1% of the world's total water is accessible for direct human use from sources like lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Freshwater biomes, which cover about 20% of the Earth's surface, consist of bodies of fresh water like lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers that support various fish and plant life.
Chapter 6:1 Freshwater at Earth’s Surface - StreamsDwayne Squires
This document discusses freshwater sources on Earth's surface. It covers streams, including how runoff enters streams, types of streams like meandering and braided streams, and how streams shape the land through erosion and deposition. It also discusses drainage basins, and how flooding can be caused by heavy rain or snowmelt that increases stream discharge beyond the capacity of the channel.
The document discusses the water cycle and distribution of water on Earth. Most (97%) of Earth's water is saltwater found in oceans. The remaining 3% is freshwater, with 76% bound up as ice in glaciers and ice sheets and less than 1% available for human use. Water is constantly circulated through the water cycle, driven by energy from the sun. In the cycle, water evaporates from oceans and land into the atmosphere, forms clouds, and falls back to the Earth's surface as precipitation like rain or snow.
Vijay's presentation discusses water resources and related topics. It notes that fresh water is a renewable yet decreasing resource. It describes the major uses of water as agricultural, industrial, household, and environmental. The document then discusses sources of fresh water such as surface water and groundwater. It also covers topics like floods, drought, conflicts over water, and more.
The document discusses water resources including surface water and groundwater. It provides background on the water cycle, noting that water is continually moving through different states on Earth. It also discusses the distribution of Earth's water, with only 1% available for human use, mostly as groundwater. The document focuses on the Clear Creek watershed in Texas, describing the watershed area, environmental characteristics, flooding issues, and flood reduction measures. It also discusses uses of surface water and the process of water treatment.
This document discusses the water cycle through several sections:
1. It begins with an anticipatory guide asking the reader to agree or disagree with statements about the water cycle. Most of the earth's water exists in oceans, and the water people drink has been around since the beginning of earth.
2. Next, it explains key terms like sublimation and condensation in the water cycle.
3. Readers learn about the 16 components of the water cycle through an activity where they research and create posters about individual components.
4. The document concludes with a water use tracking activity and questions about personal water conservation.
The document discusses various topics related to the hydrosphere including the composition of seawater, ocean topography, water purification methods, ocean zonation, the hydrologic cycle, tides, and water pollution. It provides details on the major oceans, depth and salinity of seawater, techniques for filtering and disinfecting water, the vertical zones of the ocean defined by light penetration, stages of the hydrologic cycle involving evaporation, transport, precipitation, and runoff, tidal patterns driven by the gravitational pull of the moon, and sources and measurement of water pollution.
The document discusses the importance of water and its properties. It begins by stating that water is essential for life and makes up a large portion of the Earth's surface and living things. It then describes the different types of water, including ocean water, continental water sources like rivers and lakes, and groundwater. The water cycle is explained, showing how water circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and land via evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and drainage. Key properties of water like surface tension, density, solubility, and specific heat are also outlined. The document aims to raise awareness of water's importance and the need to protect this vital resource.
This document discusses where fresh water is found on Earth, how it moves through surface water and groundwater systems, and how humans use fresh water resources. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh, with 1% as liquid water found on the surface in streams, rivers and lakes (surface water), and below the surface in aquifers (groundwater). Surface water flows downhill and joins together in river systems within watersheds, eventually discharging into the ground to recharge aquifers, or into the ocean. Groundwater flows through aquifers, being recharged in upland areas and discharging in lowlands. Humans rely on both surface and groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses.
Unit 5 part 1 photosynthesis.jan.2013.deltampiskel
The document discusses photosynthesis and energy transfer in living organisms. It explains that:
1) Photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water to produce oxygen as a byproduct and sugars like glucose.
2) The process occurs in two stages - the light dependent reaction where light energy splits water producing oxygen, and the light independent reaction where carbon dioxide is fixed to make sugars using the energy from the light reaction.
3) The sugars produced through photosynthesis are then used by plants and other organisms as an energy source or building material through the process of cellular respiration.
The document discusses meiosis, the process by which diploid cells undergo two cell divisions to produce four haploid cells. It explains that meiosis is necessary to produce gametes or sex cells that have half the normal number of chromosomes. This allows fertilization to restore the diploid number. The stages of meiosis I and meiosis II are outlined, noting how homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I and sister chromatids separate in meiosis II, resulting in four unique haploid daughter cells.
The document discusses cell transport mechanisms including passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion) and active transport (pumps). It explains that for passive transport, substances move from high to low concentration without energy, while active transport requires energy as it moves substances against a concentration gradient using protein pumps. The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, allowing some substances to pass through membrane proteins or by endocytosis and exocytosis for larger particles/structures.
Unit 7 explores cell growth, development, and division, noting that cells must divide for organisms and tissues to grow and repair, and that excess nutrients can cause algal blooms; it describes the cell cycle and the four stages of mitosis - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - in which chromosomes duplicate and separate, leading to two identical daughter cells through cytokinesis.
This document provides information on memory, study skills, and test taking strategies for college students. It discusses key concepts like semester hours, how much time should be spent studying, effective study habits like staying organized with a schedule and taking breaks, and test taking tips. The goal is to help students maximize their learning and performance in college courses to work toward graduating with a degree.
This document discusses cells and their cellular nature. It begins by introducing the topic of cells and how they relate to the common characteristic of all living things being cellular. It then discusses the history of cell discovery, including the invention of the microscope and key figures like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, and those who developed the cell theory. It also covers basic cell structures like organelles, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and examples of different cell types.
Importance of floral biology of some minor fruit crops(like aonla, bael, ber...Sharath A A
The document summarizes the floral biology of several minor fruit crops in India, including aonla, bael, ber, jackfruit, and jamun. It describes key details about each crop such as their origin, uses, and challenges to improvement. For each crop, it provides information on flowering timing and structure, pollination mechanisms, stigma receptivity, fruit set rates, and time from flowering to fruit development. Understanding the floral biology of these crops is important for plant breeders to carry out successful crop improvement programs.
This document introduces biology by defining it as the study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment. It states that the goals of studying biology are to understand how the human body functions, find cures for diseases, save endangered species, and appreciate biological diversity. The major fields of biology are described as genetics, virology, entomology, anatomy, ecology, botany, zoology, embryology, taxonomy, histology, bacteriology, biochemistry, and microbiology. Careers related to biology include medicine, biotechnology, agriculture and industry. Scientific investigation in biology involves identifying a problem, forming a hypothesis, planning and conducting an experiment, collecting and analyzing data, forming a conclusion, and writing a report
This document provides an introduction to the field of biology. It defines biology as the study of living things and notes that the suffix "-ology" means the study of. It then lists and briefly defines 18 specific areas that biology can be divided into, such as anatomy, bacteriology, cytology, and ecology. It emphasizes that many biology terms are derived from Greek or Latin roots to help determine meaning. Finally, it provides an assignment related to the material covered.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves stages such as evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. Evaporation occurs when water is heated by the sun and changes from a liquid to vapor, transpiration is when water vapor is released from plants, condensation happens when water vapor condenses into liquid water in the atmosphere forming clouds, and precipitation occurs when clouds become too heavy and water falls back to Earth as rain, snow, or hail. The water cycle is crucial because it recycles the Earth's water supply and allows water to reach organisms and ecosystems.
This document provides information about the distribution of fresh and salt water on Earth. It discusses how 97% of the Earth's surface water is saltwater, while 3% is freshwater. Most of this freshwater (77%) is locked up in glaciers. It also notes that only 0.003% of total water on Earth is potable/drinkable by humans. The document includes visual representations of these distributions and discusses Canada's large freshwater resources.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from bodies of water and condenses into clouds, where it falls as precipitation and either runs off into other bodies of water or is absorbed by soil, starting the cycle again. Key processes in the water cycle include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. The water cycle is essential to sustaining life and natural systems on Earth.
This document discusses water, its properties, states, and importance for life. It describes the water cycle where water evaporates from oceans and lakes, rises as vapor, condenses to form clouds, and falls as precipitation to collect in bodies of water again. It emphasizes that water is a limited resource and stresses conserving it through practices like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and reusing water. A quiz at the end reviews these key points about water.
The document describes the hydrological cycle and river systems. It discusses:
1. The hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water across the Earth. It involves processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, rainfall, runoff, and groundwater.
2. Rivers play an important role in the hydrological cycle by transporting water from the land to lakes, oceans, and seas.
3. A river system includes the river's source, tributaries, upper/middle/lower courses, and river mouth where it empties into a sea or ocean. Drainage basins are the land areas drained by a river and its tributaries, while watersheds are defined by the highest
The document discusses the importance of water and its properties. It begins by stating that water is essential for life and makes up a large portion of the Earth's surface and living things. It then describes the different types of water, including ocean water, continental water sources like rivers and lakes, and groundwater. The properties of water that allow for phenomena like surface tension and capillary action are explained. The water cycle is also depicted, showing how water circulates between oceans, atmosphere, and land via evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration. In summary, the document outlines the vital role and properties of water.
This document discusses where water is found on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, groundwater, icebergs, and mountain peaks. It explains that most water on Earth's surface is salt water, while only 3% is fresh water. The water cycle is described as the movement and changes of water between oceans, atmosphere and land through evaporation, condensation and precipitation. The document also addresses how humans use water for drinking, hygiene, cooking, cleaning, agriculture and recreation, and provides tips for conserving water such as turning off taps, fixing leaks, and only running full loads of laundry or dishes.
The document discusses the water cycle and its key processes. It describes how water evaporates from surfaces due to heat from the sun, condenses to form clouds, precipitates as rain, snow or hail, and either runs off on the surface or infiltrates into the ground to replenish groundwater stores or be absorbed by plant roots through transpiration. It then focuses on groundwater, describing it as water residing in saturated underground areas, and how it is stored in aquifers. It identifies sewage as a major cause of groundwater pollution.
- 97% of Earth's water is salt water found in oceans and seas, while only 3% is freshwater. Most freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice sheets near the poles.
- Water cycles between the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, atmosphere, and land) through the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. This is known as the water or hydrologic cycle.
- The water cycle involves water evaporating from surfaces, transpiring from plants, condensing in clouds, and falling as precipitation to then collect and flow across the land and into oceans, only to repeat the cycle.
- 97% of Earth's water is salt water found in oceans and seas, while only 3% is freshwater. Most freshwater is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
- Water cycles between the hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, atmosphere, and land) through the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. This is known as the water or hydrologic cycle.
- The document discusses the water cycle in detail and provides examples of how it can be observed, such as through the formation and evaporation of puddles. It also defines the four processes involved and how they work.
Water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth.
Water sustains life and maintains ecological balance.
Water is the essential component of global life support system.
Water covers 70% of the Earth's surface, stored in lakes, glaciers, underground, and within living organisms. The Earth's water is recycled through the water cycle, where water evaporates from the surface into the atmosphere, condenses into clouds, and falls back to the surface as precipitation. This continuous process means water is reused over and over, and water molecules today could be the same as those drunk by historical figures. Water is collected from precipitation and stored in rivers, lakes, wells and reservoirs, then pumped through pipes to homes and buildings.
The document discusses the hydrosphere, specifically water on Earth. It covers the basics of water molecules, the water cycle, oceans, and other bodies of water. The key points are:
- Water (H2O) covers 70% of Earth's surface and is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- The water cycle constantly moves water around Earth through processes like evaporation and precipitation.
- The oceans are the largest part of Earth's hydrosphere, covering over 70% of the planet. The four major oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans.
- Other bodies of water include lakes, rivers, ice caps, and groundwater, which
The document summarizes the water cycle in 5 steps:
1) Water is evaporated from sources like oceans by the sun's heat and rises into the air as vapor.
2) In the cool atmosphere, the vapor condenses to form clouds.
3) The clouds become heavy and water falls back to earth as precipitation like rain or snow.
4) Precipitation seeps into the ground or flows over land into rivers and streams and eventually oceans, completing the cycle.
5) The sun then evaporates water from the oceans again to repeat the cycle, which has continued for over a million years and is essential for all life on earth.
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface, driven by energy from the sun. Water can exist in three states: liquid, gas, and solid. The main stages are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. While a critical process for all life, human activities like wasteful water usage and pollution can negatively impact the water cycle. Personal choices around conserving water and reducing pollution are important to help sustain this essential cycle.
The document discusses different sources of water including seawater, freshwater, and groundwater. Seawater comes from oceans and seas, contains salt, and is considered hard water. Freshwater comes from rain and is also called surface water. Groundwater is found underground in aquifers and is considered the cleanest source of water as it contains minerals. The document also discusses the water cycle and the importance of water for habitats and as a resource for humans and other living things.
Lakes and rivers are important bodies of freshwater on Earth. Lakes and rivers contain water, which can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. While water covers 70% of the Earth's surface, most is saltwater - only 1% of the total water on Earth is freshwater available for human use, found primarily in lakes and rivers. Rivers drain the landscape and transport water and minerals to oceans, beginning as small streams and merging into larger rivers like the Amazon and Mississippi that span great distances. Lakes vary in depth, size, and location around the world, storing about 90% of the Earth's surface freshwater aside from oceans.
The document describes the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. Water can change between liquid, gas, and solid states as part of this cycle through the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and transpiration. These processes work together to move water from one reservoir like oceans or rivers to another, like the atmosphere or land, while exchanging heat energy that influences climate.
The document discusses the hydrological cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves stages such as evaporation, transportation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater. Water is evaporated from bodies of water by the sun's heat, transported through the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds, precipitates as rain or snow, runs across land back into bodies of water, and infiltrates into groundwater. This cyclic process sustains life on Earth and has operated for billions of years.
Creativity involves original thought through a process with four distinct stages: investigation, incubation, inspiration, and verification. This is exemplified through Claude Monet, who was fascinated by haystacks in different seasons near his home. He went through the stages of initially investigating and sketching the haystacks, mulling over ideas during incubation, having an "Aha moment" of inspiration to capture their essence through a series of paintings, and verifying his original thought through the completed works. Creativity can also be seen in improvisational jazz music, where musicians like John Scofield explore new ideas through experimentation with familiar musical themes and formats.
This document discusses definitions of intelligence from various researchers and experts. It provides definitions from 1952 researchers, Alfred Binet, Carolus Slovinec, Howard Gardner, Cyril Burt, and D. Samuel Nuessle. The definitions focus on abilities like reasoning, problem-solving, thinking abstractly, learning quickly, and applying knowledge. The document also briefly discusses the history and development of IQ tests, including their creation by Alfred Binet and later modifications at Stanford University.
Drugs and alcohol work by interfering with the normal functioning of neurotransmitters in the brain. Specifically:
- Drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine directly or indirectly increase levels of dopamine in the brain's reward pathway, overwhelming the system and making the drugs immediately rewarding.
- Opioids like heroin activate the body's natural opioid receptors in the brain, replicating the feeling of euphoria we get from things we naturally find rewarding.
- Alcohol enhances the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, sedating the brain and reducing anxiety. It also interferes with glutamate, our major excitatory neurotransmitter.
- Marijuana activates the brain's cannabinoid receptors, altering the effects of neurotransmit
Exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which encourages neurogenesis and strengthens synaptic connections in the brain. This improves cognitive functions like learning, focus, and memory formation. Studies show exercise may be as effective as antidepressants in treating depression and other mood disorders by optimizing neurotransmitter and neurohormone levels. Regular physical activity engages the entire brain and is crucial for its health and development across the lifespan.
The document discusses the importance of sleep through a rat study and explanations of sleep cycles and brain waves. The rat study found that after 5 days without sleep, the rats started dying faster than if they were starved and suffered metabolic harm and immune system failure. The document also explains that sleep cycles repeat throughout the night, with REM sleep increasing each cycle. REM sleep is important for memory formation and neural development. Polysomnography measures brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, heart rate, breathing, and temperature to study sleep cycles and what happens in the brain and body during sleep. The document recommends establishing a sleep schedule and relaxing before bed for healthy sleep habits.
Glands secrete hormones, which are chemicals that regulate various bodily functions. The major glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and reproductive glands. Hormones travel through the bloodstream and impact cells in other parts of the body, allowing different organs and systems to communicate with each other. Glands help maintain homeostasis by regulating metabolism, growth and development, sexual function, mood, and other critical processes.
Unit 1 part 2 ecology powerpoint (revised2010)mpiskel
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
1) Ecosystems require matter and energy to function; energy moves through an ecosystem via producers, consumers, and decomposers arranged in food chains, webs, and pyramids.
2) While energy flows linearly, matter cycles through ecosystems via water, carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrient cycles.
3) Organisms exhibit structural and behavioral adaptations that allow them to survive within their ecosystem by solving environmental problems over generations.
The document provides an introduction to an ecological biology class, outlining expectations for students including obtaining handouts, materials needed, and discussing what biology is as a science and discipline. It explores the characteristics of life through an interactive demonstration of determining if an object is alive or not based on observations. The class will focus on studying life and the role of water through examining common characteristics of organisms and using the river as a unifying theme.
The document discusses the history of life on Earth from its origins to early multicellular life. It describes early scientific theories on the beginning of life and experiments providing evidence against spontaneous generation. Modern scientists believe life began through natural chemical reactions forming organic molecules, as supported by the Miller-Urey experiment. Early life was prokaryotic and anaerobic, with eukaryotes and complex cells developing later through endosymbiosis. Fossils provide evidence of the progression and environments of early life. Radiometric dating allows determining the absolute ages of fossils.
The document discusses ecosystem succession, which is the orderly process over time of an ecosystem changing from simple to more complex. There are two types of succession - primary on new areas lacking organisms, and secondary on previously occupied areas. Succession begins with pioneer organisms that can survive the initial conditions, and progresses through various seral stages as the ecosystem develops, eventually reaching a climax community. The document provides examples of succession from sand dunes and describes a field trip to collect data on plant species at Illinois Beach State Park to study primary succession over 12,000 years since the last glacial retreat.
The document discusses the origins and evolution of life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to present day. It describes early scientific theories on how life began, including spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that simple organic molecules could form from chemical reactions, and these molecules became the building blocks of cells. Fossil and geological evidence show that early life was prokaryotic and anaerobic, and evolved over billions of years from simple to more complex multicellular forms through natural selection and genetic changes within populations. The fossil record and comparative anatomy provide multiple lines of evidence that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor.
The document discusses genetics and heredity. It defines key terms like chromosomes, genes, alleles, traits, dominant and recessive genes. It explains that chromosomes contain DNA and genes, which determine traits. Parents pass one of each homologous chromosome to offspring, determining the genes and traits inherited. The interaction of alleles, like dominant/recessive or blending in incomplete dominance, determines the expressed traits or phenotype.
The document discusses the process of DNA replication in cells. It begins by reviewing that DNA is found in the nucleus and stores the cell's genetic information. It then describes in three steps how DNA replicates: 1) The DNA helicase enzyme unwinds the double helix, 2) DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to each strand, and 3) DNA ligase seals the phosphate backbone. The document emphasizes that DNA replication is essential for cells to divide and for organisms to grow and develop.
The document outlines eight core concepts of neuroscience organized under four "mega-concepts" that provide fundamental principles about the brain and nervous system. The concepts cover topics such as how the brain and nervous system function, how they develop and change over time in response to genes and environment, how the brain gives rise to the mind and intelligence, and how neuroscience research leads to treatments for disorders. The concepts were developed by the Society for Neuroscience to integrate essential neuroscience principles into education curricula.
Cellular respiration powerpoint unit 5 continued (revised2006)mpiskel
The document discusses cellular respiration and photosynthesis. It begins by reviewing the stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis which produces 2 ATP in the cytoplasm, and aerobic respiration which produces 36 ATP in the mitochondria. It then explains that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite but related processes, with photosynthesis producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, and cellular respiration breaking down glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. The relationship between the two processes allows both plants and animals to obtain energy for metabolic functions.
This document provides an overview of the four main types of biochemical macromolecules - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It discusses what each macromolecule is made of, its monomers and polymers, examples of how it is used in living organisms, and examples found in food. Key points covered include that carbohydrates are the main energy source and make up plant cell walls, proteins are needed for growth, repair, enzymes, antibodies, and hormones, lipids provide stored energy and insulation and produce hormones, and nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. Examples are given of each macromolecule in the body and foods to help illustrate their roles and structures.
This document discusses how drugs and alcohol work in the brain by interacting with neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. It explains that drugs can mimic neurotransmitters, stimulate their release, or prevent their reuptake. While drugs may temporarily change mood or perception, they can also cause long-term brain damage and addiction. However, natural activities like exercise, meditation, helping others, and hobbies can also elevate mood through neurotransmitters without harm. Making natural highs a regular part of life may help reduce reliance on drugs and alcohol for their perceived benefits.
This document provides instructions for writing a formal laboratory report. It discusses the typical elements of a lab report including the title, statement of problem, hypothesis, methodology, data, results, and conclusion. Students are guided to write a sample lab report for a grassland biodiversity experiment by developing each section, such as writing a hypothesis based on background information and designing a data table and graph. Following a standardized format and including all required elements will help students earn a good grade on their formal lab report.
The document discusses stress, its effects on the body, and various techniques for managing stress and promoting wellness. It defines stress and distinguishes between distress/chronic stress versus eustress. Chronic psychological stress can suppress the immune system and cause issues like ulcers if cortisol levels remain elevated. Meditation and relaxation techniques as well as healthy behaviors like exercise, sleep, and diet can help reduce stress and promote wellness by balancing cortisol and other stress hormones in the body. Regular meditation in particular has long term benefits and similar effects to medication in reducing stress responses.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...Zilliz
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
3. Now that you know some
biology and ecology it’s time
to go in depth.
• Water’s role in the ecosystem
• Characteristics
• Impact on Life
• Quality and pollution
• Become ecologists by testing water
• Learn about our own environment (The
West Fork of the North Branch of the
Chicago River)
4. Activity: What is water?
On the front desk you will see a container of water.
You and your table partner must write down at
least 7 characteristics of water. Consider everything
you have learned about water over your lifetime.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
WATER: Consider its color, its
phase or state at various
temperatures, its odor, its chemical
make up, its density, etc.
5. COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF
WATER
It is a liquid but can also be a solid or gas
As a liquid it ranges in temp from 0-100 degrees Celsius.
Earth is the only planet where water exists in all three states.
It is the most abundant compound on earth.
Made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom; H 2O
Very high heat capacity- can absorb a ton of heat without becoming too
hot
Water likes to stick together and to things- cohesion
Water is the Universal Solvent (*next slide)
WHEN WATER FREEZES IT EXPANDS
Water is necessary for life to exist as we know it.
6. A solvent is a liquid, solid, or gas
capable of dissolving another
liquid, solid or gas called a solute
and forming a solution of the 2
substances..
7. Universal Solvent
Solvents dissolve substances.
Even though water dissolves many substances, its
own molecules are not chemically changed by the
dissolved materials. When it evaporates it loses its
impurities. Why is this important?
When water evaporates from solutions it leaves
impurities behind; purifying it and thus it can be used
over and over.
8.
9. Water Cycle
Now that you see how important
water is, lets look at how much of
this stuff we have.
GLOBE TOSS ACTIVITY
HOW CAN WE AS A CLASS ESTIMATE HOW MUCH
WATER COVERS THE EARTH WITH JUST OUR
HANDS AND A BLOW UP GLOBE?
10.
11. PREDICTIONS
Of the amount of global water, how much is
realistically usable (usable meaning fresh water not
salt water?)
Your group will be given one liter (1000 mL of
water this represents all of the water on earth, given
the types of water found on earth predict the
various amounts that water that exist in each type.
Make predictions in your team
After you have divided it up, write down
predictions of percentages and then we will reveal
the true answers
12. TYPE OF WATER True amount out of % on earth
your 1L Container
Oceans 973mL 97.2%
Ice Caps/ Glaciers 21mL 2.15%
Groundwater 6.1 mL .0622%
Freshwater Lakes .09mL or 2 drops .018%
Salt Lakes .08mL or 2 drops .0089%
Soil Moisture .05mL or 1 drop .005%
Atmospheric .01mL or 1/5 .001%
drop
Rivers .004mL .0001%
13. Notice, over 97 percent is saline (salt water-oceans).Of the
total freshwater(3%), over 68 percent is locked up in ice and
glaciers. Another 30 percent of freshwater is in the ground.
Surface-water sources, such as rivers, only constitute about
300 cubic miles (about 1/10,000th of one percent of total
water).
14. Now that you see how much water is
really usable, you can understand why
it is necessary to protect and
responsibly use this vital substance.
• Conservation can only occur through
understanding the WATER CYCLE.
• Remember from ecology that water was one of the
important cycles in nature. Water used by plants,
animals, and people is never destroyed: it is used
and reused by living and non- living forms. It is
the earth’s vast plumbing system. Powered by the
sun, the water is continually purified for reuse.
15. THE WATER CYCLE TEST
You probably know the answers to this test! Let’s see!
1. What is it called when water rises fromplants?of water into the atmosphere?
2. What if water rises from living a body
16. PRECIPITATION
THE WATER CYCLE TEST
3. And the water that rises then cools during condensation
and sits in clouds until what happens?
PRECIPITATION
18. PRECIPITATION
One more Or it can
thing…when the dribble and run
water hits the off the ground
ground it can do called
1 of 2 things…
either it can seep
into the ground
called
RUN-OFF
INFILTRATION
EITHER WAY IT EVENTUALLY MAKES IT
WAY BACK INTO THE WATER CYCLE!
19. WHERE DOES THE WATER GO?
INFILTRATION RUN-OFF
Water that sinks into the This is water that runs
ground gets held in a over the lands into the
aquifer rivers lakes and
and is called ground reservoirs and is
water. known as surface
water.
The next slide dissects
an aquifer.
20. AN AQUIFER
Aquifer is like an
underground sponge!
The top layer of the
aquifer is called the
water table! How
far the water
infiltrates depends
on the soil,
vegetation, and
types of rock
present.
21.
22. TAKE A MINUTE TO LABEL
AND RECOGNIZE THE
PARTS OF THE WATER
CYCLE IN YOUR UNIT 2
PACKET.
23. WHAT IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF
ENERGY FOR THE WATER CYCLE?
24. THE WATER CYCLE EQUATION
IF YOU HAD TO COME UP WITH AN ADDITION EQUATION
FOR THE WATER CYCLE’S WATER…WHAT MIGHT IT BE?
EVAPORATION + TRANSPIRATION = PRECIPITATION
The problem with this equation is that the distribution of
water is not even throughout the biosphere. What does
that mean?
25. RENEWEL TIME
DEFINITION:
The time required for all water in a body of water to be
replaced or renewed.
Renewel time depends on:
-rate of flow
(things with faster flow renew quicker)
-volume of the body of water
(smaller volume of water renews quicker)
26. ESTIMATE WHICH WOULD
RENEW FASTER…
A RIVER OR AN OCEAN
LAKE POLAR ICE
MICHIGAN OR CAPS
DEEP GROUND LAKE ERIE
OR
WATER
THE NILE
SOIL MOISTURE OR RIVER
27. Renewel Time
On average water is completely renewed in rivers once every
16 days. Water in the atmosphere is completely replaced once
every 8 days. Slower rates of replacement occur in large lakes,
glaciers, ocean bodies and groundwater. Replacement in these
reservoirs can take from hundreds to thousands of years. Some
of these resources (especially groundwater) are being used by
humans at rates that far exceed their renewal times. This type
of resource use is making this type of water effectively
nonrenewable.
28. Typical residence times of water found in
various reservoirs.
Reservoir Average Residence Time
Glaciers 20 to 100 years
Seasonal Snow Cover 2 to 6 months
Soil Moisture 1 to 2 months
Groundwater: Shallow 100 to 200 years
Groundwater: Deep 10,000 years
Lakes 50 to 100 years
Rivers 2 to 6 months
33. Some common river vocabulary
1.Flowing water from run off
finds its way downhill initially
into these B A.Lakes
2.Small creeks merge to form
these
C B.Small Creeks
3.Rivers eventually flow into
these
E C.Streams and rivers
4.Water that has made its way to
a place that is surrounded by D.Reservoir
higher land on all sides is called
these
A E.Oceans
5.If man has built a dam to
hinder a river’s flow that lake
that forms is called this
D
34. WHERE DOES THE RIVER’S
WATER COME FROM?
THINK ABOUT THE EARTH AND WHAT YOU KNOW
ABOUT LAND AND THE WATER CYCLE!
35. WHERE DOES THE RIVER’S
WATER COME FROM?
THINK ABOUT THE EARTH AND WHAT YOU KNOW
ABOUT LAND AND THE WATER CYCLE! REMEMBER
WHAT THE WATER TABLE IS?
The water table is the top of
the aquifer and is usually far
underground. SOMETIMES
though, a river bank or low
lands can actually dip into
the water table and then
water seeps into a river.
36.
37. PARTS OF A RIVER
HEAD The place a river begins is called
the HEAD or HEAD WATERS
of the river.
As they flow to lower altitudes
toward the ocean, rivers tend to
merge to form larger rivers. The
end of the river where it enters
another river, a lake, or the
ocean is known as the MOUTH.
MOUTH
OCEAN
38. PARTS OF A RIVER
HEAD Sometimes at the mouth
of a river a DELTA is
formed. As the river
meets the Ocean or lake,
it loses velocity and
dumps its sediment in
an expanding fan-
shaped, or roughly
triangular-shaped zone
called a delta.
MOUTH
DELTA
OCEAN
39. PARTS OF A RIVER
HEAD Do you know what this
zig zag pattern is called
for a river? Hint: It is
like a “wandering river”
MEANDER
Meanders happen to a river
over time. A river bends as it
MOUTH adjusts to disturbances, such as,
DELTA increases in water volume or
obstacles that deflects its
current.
OCEAN
40. PARTS OF A RIVER
HEAD Sometimes a river
meanders so much that a
portion if it breaks off
and forms a mini lake
called an OX BOW
lake.
OX BOW
MEANDER
Let’s take closer look
MOUTH at the formation of an
oxbow lake.
DELTA
OCEAN
43. REVIEW QUIZ
1. What is the process called where water leaves plants and
rises into the atmosphere?
2. What is main source of energy/cause of the water cycle?
3. What is the difference between run off and infiltration?
4. What is the area called where a river begins?
5. Where it ends?
6. Where do most rivers eventually end up?
7. THINK! How does water get from the mouth of a river back
to the headwaters?
45. Shade in the low areas with a blue marker/pencil. These
represent the rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.
The higher land levels, or peaks on the paper, can be the
mountains, hills, a RIDGE, CONTINENTAL DIVIDE OR
MORAINE.
THIS ENTIRE DRAINAGE AREA IS CALLED A
46. Most of the continental divides that form
the watershed boundaries in the midwest
were formed by glacial moraines.
47. Moraine is
rock debris,
fallen or
plucked
from a
mountain
and
transported
by glaciers
or ice
sheets. It
forms a rise
in the land.
48. While we don’t have a lot of mountains in this
area we do have some hills, almost all of them are
formed by glacial deposits or moraines.
49. WHAT IS A WATERSHED?
A drainage basin or a land area which receives all the water flowing
into a particular river. Check out these short movies!
50. Features of a Watershed
• Streams and Rivers
• Headwaters (formed from springs, glacial
melt, lake or wetland
• Lakes
• Ponds
• Wetlands (area of land saturated by water
and inhabited by plants and animals adapted
to those living conditions) includes bogs,
swamps and marshes.
53. Can you provide the stream order for
the diagram in your packet?
Give it a try with your table partner.
54. CONTINENTAL DIVIDE
The one that runs along the highest ridges of the Rocky Mountains
separates 2 watersheds. Precipitation falling on the western side of
the Divide will flow towards the __________ Ocean and rain
falling on the eastern slopes will flow toward the _____________
Ocean via the Gulf of Mexico.
55. All rivers impact the land they run
over and all land impacts the river’s
quality and features. Mississippi River Delta
56. Rivers do three main things to
the land they travel over.
• Erode the land by the force of water on the
land’s surface.
• Transport the land. Carry the eroded land
to another place.
• Deposit the eroded and transported land to
another location.
64. Examples where rivers effect
land.
•As silt is deposited in flood plains of rivers, excellent farmland is
made. The ancient ______________ who lived along the ______
Egyptians Nile
depended on the annual flooding for their livelihood.
•Also as the river ran over the land for millions of years in the
Arizona area, it created the __________________
GRAND CANYON
• As rivers move they carry and drop off, or deposit, soil, sand, and
sediments. _River Deltas
65. EFFECTS OF RIVER WATER
ON LAND
Another Matching Game!
1. Removal of material from a A. Deposition
channel or bank
B. Transportation
2. Movement of eroded
particles by dragging or in C. Erosion
solution
3. Accumulation of
transported particles to
another location on the
streambed or floodplain.
66. DEPOSITION
Opposite of erosion
Where a river lays down or drops sediments, rocks, mud, silt,
boulders, pebbles, stones or materials that it is carrying
BENEFIT: Why might deposition help us? FARMING
DOWNSIDE: Why might deposition be harmful?
FLOODING, BLOCKING OF CHANNEL
67. Deposition of sand on the inside edge of river
bend
This is where the river current is the slowest.
68. Think of a Metaphor
Take a moment to devise a metaphor with your table partner for the
terms deposition, transportation and erosion.
EXAMPLE: If a river were like Sunset grocery store, the picking
up the items off the shelves would be erosion, the pushing of my
cart would be transportation, and the placing the items down on the
cashiers belt would be deposition.
69. Physical Changes in a River Over
Time
What happens to people as they get old?
•They get slower
•They can not lift heavy objects, they get
weaker
•They do not do as much physical activity
70. Physical Changes in a River Over
Time
As opposed to a young
person who…
•Can move fast
•Can lift many objects and
carry them around
•Have much more physical
activity
71. Physical Changes in a River Over
Time
THE SAME IS TRUE FOR YOUNG AND OLD RIVERS!
Young kid YOUNG OLD Old person
RIVER RIVER
Fast/enerrgy Fast flow Slow flow Slow
Can lift things
and carry them Much Little Can NOT lift things
and carry them around
around Erosion Erosion
Can carry things
and NOT drop Little Much Can NOT carry things
for long. MUST drop
them Deposition Deposition them
Steep Shallow
72. Physical Changes in a River Over
Time
BECAUSE OF EROSION, DEPOSTION, AND
TRANSPORTATION, things like OX-BOW lakes and
FLOODPLAINS get formed.
73. HUMAN CONTACT WITH
RIVERS
THE RIVER CAN BE HELPFUL TO US OR HARMFUL TO
US JUST AS WE CAN BE HELPFUL OR HARMFUL TO IT!
With your table partner, list 1 way for each by filling in the chart
74. Human Contact with Rivers
(fill in the blanks)
How can the river
help humans?
How can the river be
harmful?
How can humans help
the river?
**How can humans be
harmful?
75. Human Contact with Rivers
(fill in the blanks)
How can the river Farming, trading,
help humans? transportation
How can the river be Flooding disasters
harmful?
How can humans help Monitor it, keep it clean, stop
the river? over- erosion
**How can humans be Pollution, over channelize it,
harmful? construction, damming,
draining wetlands
76. What types of things can cause the
pollution of water?
77. Can your list be grouped by
categories?
Example: oil and gasoline could be
considered toxic pollution.
78. Four Main Types of Pollution
• Organic
• Inorganic
• Toxic
• Thermal
79. Organic: come from the decomposition of once-
living organisms and their by products. Such as ?
80. Inorganic: comes from suspended and
dissolved solids, mainly silt, salts and
other minerals.
81. Toxic Pollutants: Heavy metals and chemical compounds
that don’t easily recycle that are lethal to organisms.
Often they are byproducts of industrial processes: bleach,
drain cleaners, paint, pesticides.
82. Thermal: Waste heat generated and put into
waterways from power generation and cooling
equipment for factories in their manufacturing
process.
84. POLLUTION
Point Source Pollution Non-Point Source Pollution
- when a river acts as a sewer or -Pollutants that are trickier to
drainage ditch for a factory or sewage point to the origin. Fertilizer
treatment plant. From homes, farming, golf
courses.
-Because we know where the pollution is
coming from we can POINT to the source— -Because we do not know the
hence POINT SOURCE POLLUTION. exact source- NON POINT
SOURCE
89. Floodplain Construction and
Over Channelization of a River
The more we artificially channelize the river, the more
it wants to find its floodplain leading to floods.
The more construction that occurs, the more erosion,
which adds to the cloudiness and turbidity of the river and
makes the banks less stable.
94. DRAINING WETLANDS
WETLANDS are areas which are next to and even part of river
systems.
They are often drained and built upon leading to more run off,
then erosion and and finally flooding.
When river banks erode flooding can occur!
95.
96. DAMMING
May be the most drastic alteration
of river systems
Because it provides:
1) Flood control
2) Recreation/beauty
3) Water Storage
4) Hydroelectricity
97. DAMMING
May be the most drastic alteration
of river systems
When they are built they
1) May kill many organisms
2) Severely affect wildlife
3) Are dangerous to play by
4) Causing reservoirs to fill
up with silt/ water back up
98. Now that we have some of the water and river
basics we can begin to study our watershed. GBN
is located on the West Fork of the North branch
of the Chicago River.