Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
The development and implementation of an android-based saving and loan cooper...riyaniaes
The savings and loans cooperative are a cooperative that has an important purpose in its reach and services, such as the Permata Ngijo Savings and Loans Cooperative. Activities within the cooperative itself include managing member data as well as savings and loan transactions. In systems that are still manual, such as Microsoft Excel, there is a risk of inaccurate data and takes a long time. This manual system is still less effective because the number of members and transactions continues to grow. Therefore, an application is needed as a more effective data processing and information system for members that is easier to access. This study aims to build an android-based savings and loan application using the hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language and my structured query language (MySQL) as data storage. Based on the android application that has been made, it shows that the black box functionality of the application runs as planned, the success rate for users reaches 90%.
Comparative review on information and communication technology issues in educ...riyaniaes
The use of information and communication technology is very beneficial in the education sector because it can enhance the quality of education. However, the implementation of ICT in the education sector of developed and developing countries is a challenging task. This paper explains the comparative study of ICT issues in the education sector of developed and developing countries. In particular, we compare issues between Pakistan and high-tech countries. Our study reveals the fact that the education sector is facing numerous ICT problems that are based on culture, finance, management, infrastructure, lack of training, lack of equipment, teacher’s refusal, and ethical issues. At the end of this paper, various issues faced by the implementation of ICT in the education sector of Pakistan have been categorized into various types, namely, infrastructure, lack of IT professionals, lack of high-speed internet and equipment. Our research is based on five key research questions related to ICT issues. We used a mixed approach where the results of this study can be used as a set of guidelines to help make the learning environment technology-oriented, fast, planned, and productive. Future directions are also given at the end of this paper.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
The advancement of the information and communications technology has helped almost all governments across the world as they have exploited these technologies for delivering services to their citizens. However, this phenomenon may face several challenges and barriers that lead to the failure in its adoption, use, or continuous usage. In the Arab countries, the rate of failure in the use of electronic services is high in the public sector. Therefore, previous studies have concentrated on this critical issue and highlighted on the citizens’ perspective andignored the perspective of employees in the government organizations.In addition, very few previous studies dealt with the quality of the services based on the employees’viewpoint. Thus, based on the arguments that have been stated earlier, this preliminary study strives to identify the factors that may affect the electronic administrative adoption according to the employees’ perspective. With regard to the data collection, the quantitative method, self-administered questionnaires will be distributed among the staff of the Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq.With regard to data analysis, a partial least squares structural equation modelling will be used as a technique to analyse the collected data from a key respondent (Employee). In fact, this research strivesto enrich the literature by adding more information about the factors that may hinder theadoption of modern technologies in general and electronic administration in particular. With regard to the Al-Mustansiriyah University, the present study is considered as the first study conducted in this area; therefore the outputs will assist the government to remedy these obstacles before beginning any project in the public sector including the use of ICT instead of the conventional manner.The result of the analysis showed that system quality, service quality, trust of organization, and usefulness were found as significant factors that affect the employees’ adoption of e-administration services in University.
The Barriers of E-Government Success: An Empirical Study from Jordanijmpict
This paper discussed the E-government success barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure of E-government success. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-government quality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors
of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisioned e-services are less than expectations of stakeholders. We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-government performance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction. The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found that low system quality led to low service quality directly.
At this time, e-governance transformation is considered as one of the most important and biggest challenges among
and within the IT-related sector from the scale and complexity perspective. In this respect, the researches have
reviewed and studied some of the factors that affect implementing the e-governance for Public and private schools in
Governorate of Al Buraimi, Oman. The aim of the study was to determine whether there existed organizational
differences that demanded different approaches and strategies for the implementation of e-governance. The research
considered three organizational factors, which included, the type of the organization (public or private), size of the
organization and the work experience of the employees of the organization. In addition, the research considered the
some of the requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance. These requirements included, physical,
financial, administrative and management requirements. Through the research it was evident that the different types
of requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance varied by the organizational factors. In other words,
the findings indicated that the approaches and strategies that needs to be adopted will differ with the organizational
characteristics. This differences needs to be considered at the time of implementation and should be incorporated
when developing the implementation plans by the implementing organization
Framework for Securing Educational E-Government Serviceijcisjournal
Enhancement in technology is leading to a change in the way governments, individuals, institutions and
business entities provide quality services to the citizen. Today's education system plays crucial role for
developing cognizance in society so e-government service is obliged to integrate with educational system.
In this work we proposed a novel framework for integrating educational service within e-government
services. One of the main tasks of this paper is to explore or propose a Secure Examination Management
System (SEMS). The system has been designed using cryptographic primitives, which enables students to
take the exam from anywhere. The student is allowed to take the exam after he gives his necessary
authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
honest students. It allows evaluators to share student examination papers for evaluation with proper
authentication. This is done using digital signatures, authentication and confidentiality provided by public
key cryptographic system.
Interoperability issues for the Deployment of Unified Communications and Inte...idescitation
Access to information holds the key to the empowerment of everybody despite where they are living. This
research is to be carried out in respect of the people living in
developing countries, considering their plight and complex
geographical, demographic, social-economic conditions
surrounding the areas they live, which hinder access to
information and of professionals providing services such as
medical workers, which has led to high death rates and
development
stagnation.
Research
on
Unified
Communications and Integrated Collaborations (UCIC)
system in the health sector of developing countries comes in
to create a possible solution of bridging the digital canyon
among the communities. The aim is to deliver services in a
seamless manner to assist health workers situated anywhere
to be accessed easily and access information which will help
in service delivery. The proposed UCIC system provides the
most immersive telepresence experience for one-to-one or
many-to-many meetings. Extending to locations anywhere in
the world, the transformative platform delivers Ultra-low
operating costs through the use of general purpose networks
and using special lenses and track systems. The aim of this
paper is to identify the interoperability issues anticipated in
the deployment of the UCIC system in the health sector of
developing countries and recommend possible solutions. These
recommendations once adopted and implemented correctly
will bring enhancement to the speed and quality of services
offered by health workers. The capacities of UCIC will help
health workers shorten decision cycles, accelerate service
delivery and save lives by speeding access to information and
by making it possible for all health workers and patients to
collaborate everywhere
The development and implementation of an android-based saving and loan cooper...riyaniaes
The savings and loans cooperative are a cooperative that has an important purpose in its reach and services, such as the Permata Ngijo Savings and Loans Cooperative. Activities within the cooperative itself include managing member data as well as savings and loan transactions. In systems that are still manual, such as Microsoft Excel, there is a risk of inaccurate data and takes a long time. This manual system is still less effective because the number of members and transactions continues to grow. Therefore, an application is needed as a more effective data processing and information system for members that is easier to access. This study aims to build an android-based savings and loan application using the hypertext preprocessor (PHP) programming language and my structured query language (MySQL) as data storage. Based on the android application that has been made, it shows that the black box functionality of the application runs as planned, the success rate for users reaches 90%.
Comparative review on information and communication technology issues in educ...riyaniaes
The use of information and communication technology is very beneficial in the education sector because it can enhance the quality of education. However, the implementation of ICT in the education sector of developed and developing countries is a challenging task. This paper explains the comparative study of ICT issues in the education sector of developed and developing countries. In particular, we compare issues between Pakistan and high-tech countries. Our study reveals the fact that the education sector is facing numerous ICT problems that are based on culture, finance, management, infrastructure, lack of training, lack of equipment, teacher’s refusal, and ethical issues. At the end of this paper, various issues faced by the implementation of ICT in the education sector of Pakistan have been categorized into various types, namely, infrastructure, lack of IT professionals, lack of high-speed internet and equipment. Our research is based on five key research questions related to ICT issues. We used a mixed approach where the results of this study can be used as a set of guidelines to help make the learning environment technology-oriented, fast, planned, and productive. Future directions are also given at the end of this paper.
Online medical consultation: covid-19 system using software object-oriented a...riyaniaes
The internet has been a source of medical information, it has been used for online medical consultation (OMC). OMC is now offered by many providers internationally with diverse models and features. In OMC, consultations and treatments are available 24/7. The covid-19 pandemic across-the-board, many people unable to go to hospital or clinic because the spread of the virus. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one on how the OMC can help the patients during covid-19 pandemic. A literature review was conducted to answer the first research question. The second one on how to develop system in OMC related to covid-19 pandemic. The system was developed by Visual Studio 2019 using software object-oriented approach. Online expert review was conducted within 6 experts from health and academic industry to verify the model. Also, the system was validated by 11 users from heath and academic industry to confirm its usability. The statistical package for social science (SPSS 22) was used to analyze the collected data. The result of expert review confirmed that covid-19 system can help the patients. Also, the validity of the system was confirmed by 11 users from health and academic industry.
The advancement of the information and communications technology has helped almost all governments across the world as they have exploited these technologies for delivering services to their citizens. However, this phenomenon may face several challenges and barriers that lead to the failure in its adoption, use, or continuous usage. In the Arab countries, the rate of failure in the use of electronic services is high in the public sector. Therefore, previous studies have concentrated on this critical issue and highlighted on the citizens’ perspective andignored the perspective of employees in the government organizations.In addition, very few previous studies dealt with the quality of the services based on the employees’viewpoint. Thus, based on the arguments that have been stated earlier, this preliminary study strives to identify the factors that may affect the electronic administrative adoption according to the employees’ perspective. With regard to the data collection, the quantitative method, self-administered questionnaires will be distributed among the staff of the Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq.With regard to data analysis, a partial least squares structural equation modelling will be used as a technique to analyse the collected data from a key respondent (Employee). In fact, this research strivesto enrich the literature by adding more information about the factors that may hinder theadoption of modern technologies in general and electronic administration in particular. With regard to the Al-Mustansiriyah University, the present study is considered as the first study conducted in this area; therefore the outputs will assist the government to remedy these obstacles before beginning any project in the public sector including the use of ICT instead of the conventional manner.The result of the analysis showed that system quality, service quality, trust of organization, and usefulness were found as significant factors that affect the employees’ adoption of e-administration services in University.
The Barriers of E-Government Success: An Empirical Study from Jordanijmpict
This paper discussed the E-government success barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure of E-government success. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-government quality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors
of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisioned e-services are less than expectations of stakeholders. We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-government performance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction. The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found that low system quality led to low service quality directly.
At this time, e-governance transformation is considered as one of the most important and biggest challenges among
and within the IT-related sector from the scale and complexity perspective. In this respect, the researches have
reviewed and studied some of the factors that affect implementing the e-governance for Public and private schools in
Governorate of Al Buraimi, Oman. The aim of the study was to determine whether there existed organizational
differences that demanded different approaches and strategies for the implementation of e-governance. The research
considered three organizational factors, which included, the type of the organization (public or private), size of the
organization and the work experience of the employees of the organization. In addition, the research considered the
some of the requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance. These requirements included, physical,
financial, administrative and management requirements. Through the research it was evident that the different types
of requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance varied by the organizational factors. In other words,
the findings indicated that the approaches and strategies that needs to be adopted will differ with the organizational
characteristics. This differences needs to be considered at the time of implementation and should be incorporated
when developing the implementation plans by the implementing organization
Framework for Securing Educational E-Government Serviceijcisjournal
Enhancement in technology is leading to a change in the way governments, individuals, institutions and
business entities provide quality services to the citizen. Today's education system plays crucial role for
developing cognizance in society so e-government service is obliged to integrate with educational system.
In this work we proposed a novel framework for integrating educational service within e-government
services. One of the main tasks of this paper is to explore or propose a Secure Examination Management
System (SEMS). The system has been designed using cryptographic primitives, which enables students to
take the exam from anywhere. The student is allowed to take the exam after he gives his necessary
authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
honest students. It allows evaluators to share student examination papers for evaluation with proper
authentication. This is done using digital signatures, authentication and confidentiality provided by public
key cryptographic system.
Interoperability issues for the Deployment of Unified Communications and Inte...idescitation
Access to information holds the key to the empowerment of everybody despite where they are living. This
research is to be carried out in respect of the people living in
developing countries, considering their plight and complex
geographical, demographic, social-economic conditions
surrounding the areas they live, which hinder access to
information and of professionals providing services such as
medical workers, which has led to high death rates and
development
stagnation.
Research
on
Unified
Communications and Integrated Collaborations (UCIC)
system in the health sector of developing countries comes in
to create a possible solution of bridging the digital canyon
among the communities. The aim is to deliver services in a
seamless manner to assist health workers situated anywhere
to be accessed easily and access information which will help
in service delivery. The proposed UCIC system provides the
most immersive telepresence experience for one-to-one or
many-to-many meetings. Extending to locations anywhere in
the world, the transformative platform delivers Ultra-low
operating costs through the use of general purpose networks
and using special lenses and track systems. The aim of this
paper is to identify the interoperability issues anticipated in
the deployment of the UCIC system in the health sector of
developing countries and recommend possible solutions. These
recommendations once adopted and implemented correctly
will bring enhancement to the speed and quality of services
offered by health workers. The capacities of UCIC will help
health workers shorten decision cycles, accelerate service
delivery and save lives by speeding access to information and
by making it possible for all health workers and patients to
collaborate everywhere
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Techno...Maurice Dawson
Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reliable resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be concerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential benefits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.
Top 20 Cited Research Articles in Information Management - 2021IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
APPLYING AN ARABIC CONVERSATIONAL AGENT IN THE JORDANIAN E-GOVERNMENTijcsit
This paper discusses a prototype idea of applying a Conversational Agent (CA) to be embedded into the Jordanian E-government websites. The Conversational Agent is a smart system used to handle natural conversations between user and machine. A Jordanian citizen facing struggles when he/she want to apply for a service through the E-government portal.In addition the Jordanians struggling when searched for a
piece of information (for example the needed documents for a specific service) inside the E-government websites. This struggling comes from number of reasons such as the needed knowledge that the user could have to deal with such services and the big number of links that the user must visitto achieve his/her target.In addition, the Jordanian E-Government websites does not meet the users’ requirements in their design.
Instead, this paper proposes the idea of applying a prototype called CA into those websites as a general help desk automated service to save the Jordanians time and effort. Simply, the user will chat with the proposed CA with what he/she coming to do through the targeted website using a text based Arabic conversations. The CA’s responses might be the exact needed link or the targeted information. Such a proposed service will strength the Jordanian E-government platform especially for accessibility and usability factors and as to best of our knowledge, no country has been applied it before.
The Impact of Using the Information Technology on the Quality of Health Servi...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
University Mobile Enrollment System: A Nigeria Perspectiveiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The Use of Social Media to Gather Qualitative Data: A Case of Government E-P...IAIN Datokarama Palu
The emergence of social media is enabling researchers to consider new data collection and triangulation strategies. Quantitative researchers have taken advantage of the emergence of the Internet as a medium to gather data. Meanwhile, interpretive researchers are only now being able to harness the potential that social media provide in generating more insight into collected data. Using a case of government e-procurement implementation and use in an Indonesian regency, we illustrate how social media exchange, postings, and conversations can be used as a source of rich qualitative data to enhance understanding of a topic being studied. Our findings show that monitoring social media exchange, postings, and conversation can strengthen our understanding and interpretation of offline data (such as interviews). This study contributes to literature on the use of online media for interpretive data collection.
An Integrated Approach to Design an EAF for the CCS of ICDS in Indiaiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Promoting transparency in university administration through e governanceVijay Bhaskar
The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
e-governance and District Administration in Bangladesh: An Overview of Recent...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
eGovernment is the utilization of IT, ICTs, and other web-based telecommunication technologies to improve and/or enhance on the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery in the public sector.’ (Jeong, 2007). Bangladesh is divided into 64 districts. Citizens must apply at District Headquarters for various licenses and certificates. This had been burdensome with middlemen benefitting from a lack of transparency and district offices overwhelmed with the paper-based system. With the introduction of e-governance , it becomes easy for people to get their desired service from DC offices with a single click. This paper described the e-service system provided by zilla offices in Bangladesh citing the example of Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Techno...Maurice Dawson
Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reliable resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be concerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential benefits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.
Top 20 Cited Research Articles in Information Management - 2021IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
APPLYING AN ARABIC CONVERSATIONAL AGENT IN THE JORDANIAN E-GOVERNMENTijcsit
This paper discusses a prototype idea of applying a Conversational Agent (CA) to be embedded into the Jordanian E-government websites. The Conversational Agent is a smart system used to handle natural conversations between user and machine. A Jordanian citizen facing struggles when he/she want to apply for a service through the E-government portal.In addition the Jordanians struggling when searched for a
piece of information (for example the needed documents for a specific service) inside the E-government websites. This struggling comes from number of reasons such as the needed knowledge that the user could have to deal with such services and the big number of links that the user must visitto achieve his/her target.In addition, the Jordanian E-Government websites does not meet the users’ requirements in their design.
Instead, this paper proposes the idea of applying a prototype called CA into those websites as a general help desk automated service to save the Jordanians time and effort. Simply, the user will chat with the proposed CA with what he/she coming to do through the targeted website using a text based Arabic conversations. The CA’s responses might be the exact needed link or the targeted information. Such a proposed service will strength the Jordanian E-government platform especially for accessibility and usability factors and as to best of our knowledge, no country has been applied it before.
The Impact of Using the Information Technology on the Quality of Health Servi...inventionjournals
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The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
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Conceptualization of electronic government adoptionIJMIT JOURNAL
E-government facilitates provision of relevant government information in electronic form to the citizens in
a timely manner and better service delivery to citizens. Information Technology today is recognized as an
effective tool for turning the economic activity in efficient governance and in developing human resource.
E-government is a kind of governmental administration which is based on ICT Services. The essence of egovernment is using information technology to break the boundary of administrative organizations, and
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promise a transparent, citizen-centric government and reduce operational cost. Emerging with Egovernment, theories and practices of public administration have stepped into a new knowledge era. Egovernment presents a tremendous impetus to move forward with higher quality, cost-effective, government
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the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
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The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
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implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
Electronic government (e-government) has been attracting the attention of the world for the past two decades, and specifically, upon the advent of the internet. Governments worldwide have spent billions of dollars to date to transform themselves into e-government. However, their efforts and large investments resulted mainly in online portals and scattered electronic services. Various studies indicate that e-government initiatives are failing to meet citizens' expectations for convenient service delivery systems. Nonetheless, the rapid pace at which technology is innovatively evolving and its disruptive nature is forcing new realities to be accepted in e-government domain. The new forms of mobility made possible by the transforming technologies are not only changing how people live their lives today, but also redefining business models, employee productivity, customer relationship, and even how governments are structured. The growing usage of smartphones and tablets have significant impact on all industries, but at large how government services are delivered. This study attempts to provide some qualitative input to the existing body of knowledge. It sheds light on some trends that have high impact to disrupt existing technological-based channels of interaction between governments and citizens, and ultimately on service delivery. It also sheds light on the role of modern identity management infrastructure in enabling higher levels of trust and confidence in mobile transactions.
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Cucumber disease recognition using machine learning and transfer learningriyaniaes
Cucumber is grown, as a cash crop besides it is one of the main and popular vegetables in Bangladesh. As Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, cucumber farming could make economic and productivity growth more sustainable. But many diseases diminish the situation of cucumber. Early detection of disease can help to stop disease from spreading to other healthy plants and also accurate identifying the disease will help to reduce crop losses through specific treatments. In this paper, we have presented two approaches namely traditional machine learning (ML) and CNN-based transfer learning. Then we have compared the performance of the applied techniques to find out the most appropriate techniques for recognizing cucumber diseases. In our ML approach, the system involves five steps. After collecting the image, pre-processing is done by resizing, filtering, and contrast-enhancing. Then we have compared various ML algorithms using k-means based image segmentation after extracted 10 relevant features. Random forest gives the best accuracy with 89.93% in the traditional ML approach. We also studied and applied CNN-based transfer learning to investigate the further improvement of recognition performance. Lastly, a comparison among various transfer learning models such as InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and VGG16 has been performed. Between these two approaches, MobileNetV2 achieves the highest accuracy with 93.23%.
Using particle swarm optimization to solve test functions problemsriyaniaes
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Android mobile application for wildfire reporting and monitoringriyaniaes
Peat fires cause major environmental problems in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and threaten human health and effect the social-economic sector. The lack of peat fire detection systems is one factor that causing these reoccurring fires. Therefore, in this study, we develop an Android mobile platform application and a web-based application to support the citizen-volunteers who want to contribute wildfires reports, and the decision-makers who wish to collect, visualize, and evaluate these wildfires reports. In this paper, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and a global position system (GPS) sensor from a smartphone’s camera, is a useful tool to show the potential fire and smoke’s close-range location. The exchangeable image (EXIF) file image and GPS metadata captured by a mobile phone can store and supply raw observation to our devices and sent it to the data center through global internet communication. This work’s results are the proposed application easy-to-use to monitoring potential peat fire by location and data activity. This paper focuses on developing an application for the mobile platform for peat fire reporting and a web-based application to collect peat fire location for decision-makers. Our main objective is to detect the potential and spread of fire in peatlands as early as possible by utilizing community reports using smartphones.
An empirical assessment of different kernel functions on the performance of s...riyaniaes
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have influenced every part of our day-to-day activities in this era of technological advancement, making a living more comfortable on the earth. Among the several AI and ML algorithms, the support vector machine (SVM) has become one of the most generally used algorithms for data mining, prediction and other (AI and ML) activities in several domains. The SVM’s performance is significantly centred on the kernel function (KF); nonetheless, there is no universal accepted ground for selecting an optimal KF for a specific domain. In this paper, we investigate empirically different KFs on the SVM performance in various fields. We illustrated the performance of the SVM based on different KF through extensive experimental results. Our empirical results show that no single KF is always suitable for achieving high accuracy and generalisation in all domains. However, the gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel is often the default choice. Also, if the KF parameters of the RBF and exponential RBF are optimised, they outperform the linear and sigmoid KF based SVM method in terms of accuracy. Besides, the linear KF is more suitable for the linearly separable dataset.
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The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governance system and government operational excellence
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2021, pp. 3460~3470
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i6.2447 3460
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Successful factors determining the significant relationship
between e-governance system and government operational
excellence
Almahdy Alhaj Saleh, Imad Fakhri Taha Alyaseen
Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Apr 2, 2021
Revised Aug 5, 2021
Accepted Oct 23, 2021
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order
to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has
understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology.
However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has
tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of
this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-
government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian
individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural
equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an
e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance
expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and
facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and
empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government
operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator
between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-
government platform.
Keywords:
E-governance
Government of Syria
Government-citizen
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Almahdy Alhaj Saleh
Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology
International Islamic University Malaysia
Jalan Gombak, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
Email: almahdyalhaj@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, as a result of new technology and conceptions, governance has changed. contact
with relation aspect such as organizations and citizens [1]-[3] by launching original service styles, similar to
e-learning, e-banking, e-health, e-commerce, e-business, and e-voting are all examples of electronic services,
The term "e-governance" was created to describe electronic government. This is a reference to the products
and services. supplied by governmental to citizens via providing new information and communication
technology technologies that may allow making assistance more quickly and easily. It had been first
presented at the ‘90s, it is regarded as an innovation introduced by using high-tech development from
information technology increase [4].
Most scholars have divided E-governance into three main categories which are: government to
government (G2G), government to citizens (G2C), and government to business (G2B) are three types of
G2B. According to Fang and a few other researchers, a fourth category, government to employee, has been
developed (G2E) [5]. However, none of the scholars has explored the interaction between the opposite
categories beyond the government. Category as they consider them to be the e-commerce a part of the e-
2. Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governance … (Almahdy Alhaj Saleha)
3461
governance. For instance, business to citizen (B2C), business to employee (B2E) and employee to citizen
(E2C), don't seem to be yet identified within the e-governance system [6].
Moving closer to e-governance would provide several benefits to a republic's kind of services,
collectively with finances procedure and control. Certainly, it would enhance the processing the national govt
in various components in order to improvement of excellence in government operations. A range of these
benefits is decreasing expenses and growing activity thanks to the discount of printed paper and acquisition
of documents and area for storage [7]-[9].
Reducing the workload on employees is some other advantage to the work environment due to the
fact employees are concerned with the minimal quantity of citizens and this can create an increased and
serene environment. e-governance will advantage country areas together with large cities since citizens can
practice for services lengthy as they're a a portion of republic citizens may be able to participate in some
occasions and services. additionally practice for and request a service whilst they're overseas. Further
advantages to the environment, knowledge, should even be counted for the improvement of the country [10].
Additionally, e-governance has some challenges and downsides, and these should not be forgotten or
ignored. Just to name a few of these difficulties are illustrated underneath cost, unreachability, hyper-
surveillance, loss of transparency and accountability [11], [12].
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. E-government
E-governance, also known as electronic governance, is the combination of information and
communication technology (ICT) into the activities with goal of improving government's ability to meet
public demands. The primary goal of e-governance is to make procedures easier for everyone, including
government, people, companies, and others, at the country, state, and local sectors. It is application for the
electronic technology to enhance good governance. It refers to the application of information technology in
government processes and activities in order to achieve simple, moral, responsible, and transparent
government. It involves the ability to receive government services, information distribution, and timely and
effective communication. The strategic objective of e-governance is to achieve this using email addresses,
online communities, government discussion websites, and online mediation is to improve information
regimes, inform citizens, and engage citizens. As a result, e-duty governance's aims to close the gap between
the governed and the rulers by allowing citizens to become more knowledgeable and powerful.
The geographical analysis of linked publications reveals that the e-government website has been
researched in a variety of nations, including the United States. Russia, iran, China, Caribbean Island,
Indonesia, United Kingdom, South Korea and United Arab Emirates [13]-[23]. Furthermore, a detailed
overview of the previous studies reveals that the issue of "e-government" has been examined from a range of
viewpoints, with the majority of them focusing on the technological aspects of e-governance, websites,
government-to-business [21], and browsing and perusing governmental websites are just a few examples.
[13], [14], availability [16], [20], [22], usability [13], [22], quality [23] and from the perspective of users
[18], [19]. In a summary, the majority of research recommended creating a perfect e-government system
platform that is necessary for residents. It might indicate that most nations require legislative enforcement or
other extra methods to promote online accessibility among their companies.
2.2. Government operation excellence
The introduction of information communication technologies (ICT) has had a significant influence
on the way people' demands are met, as well as government encounters and communication, and its
effectiveness is shown in the increasing acceptance of related based on the internet, smartphones, and taps.
ICT is still regarded as the essential basis in modern society and digital economy [24]. One of contemporary
technology's exhibited potential [25] is its challenge to current power structures and economic connections.
This is in addition to the enormous potential for reform and influence on business, people, and government
manners and relationships [26], such as offering a critical tool for dissident political organisations throughout
the world [27]-[30].
Recently, the attention of scholars and researchers has focused on the government attributes or
features which mainly interact with citizens such as websites and support claims. The arguments between
different scholars differ from one point to another. Some of them argue that offer access to government
information will enhance transparency, while others suggest engaging citizens in official dialogues with the
government will increase trust between both parties. Although these different agreements and suggestions
consider different points and discussed different targets, their final target is to eliminate the barriers which
may impede the government-citizens relationship [26].
Traditional operational techniques for systems will have to be reviewed and re-evaluated [31]. In
order to achieve this potential in systems, operational elements must enhance stakeholder management,
3. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 6, December 2021 : 3460 – 3470
3462
multidisciplinary synthesis, and the successful implementation of operational excellence [32]. Darnell et al.
[33] shown in his study that in order to get the most out of any agency's operating excellence, employees
should be recognized, and leaders should be given opportunity for further professional growth and a more
flexible work environment. This setting, however, cannot be achieved unless the employee has a quiet work
space away from the public and hordes of individuals seeking their services.
Darnell et al. [33] furthermore, it was proposed that public services be well advertised in order to
gain the target GOE more quickly and efficiently. On the other hand, a single government agency or
department cannot achieve full governmental excellence by itself, because offering high-value public e-
services in e-government frequently necessitates collaboration between two or more government agencies
and departments [34]. Interoperability between intended automated business processes is often used to ensure
and achieve such collaboration.
It is, in fact, more logical to question whether governments demand and need to improve and
enhance the government's present service shift to a better e-government approach. And so on, nowadays a e-
government is gaining traction is building a number of distinct national administrations are adopting
substantial steps in various countries and nations to engage thoroughly in the radical transformation of their
portfolios. Generally, one of the popular models in the service quality is [35] five-dimensional SERQUAL
model [36]. The SERQUAL model “considered typical methods in the evaluation of the service quality. They
put forward that the level of “customer perceived service quality” depends on the difference between the
perception of the customer in the service process and the service expectations” [36]. Hence, the assessment of
GOE can be based on the same common criterion as is stipulated in the SERVQUAL approach. It can be
assurance, tangibles, dependability, responsiveness, and empathy are some of the categories [37].
3. THE PROPOSED METHOD
The acceptance of e-governance model by citizens has been a threat in Syria because people do not
believe in e-governance. This research shall attempt to study the factors which can enable people to trust and
accept e-governance. The present research will use a quantitative approach to research given that it will
examine the relationship between several independent variables as well as the e-governance system's
acceptance by users in Syria. Citizens-centricity, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and effort
expectancy are the study's independent variables, whereas government operation excellence (GOE) is the
study's dependent variables., flexibility system. And the mediation variable is behavioural intention.
Given the quantitative leanings of the research, the study will thereby focus on existing statistical
data, facts and figures. The accompanying data collection tools have been identified as questionnaires.
Questionnaires were particularly effective in collecting quantitative data, particularly if researchers are aware
of how the variables are to be tested [38]. In addition to this, questionnaires are also effective when it comes
to collecting data from a wide sample of respondents, dispersed across a number of locations. Using a
questionnaire also allows researchers to ensure that respondents are presented with a uniform set of
questions, this will later result in uniform sets of data which are not challenging as far as analysis is
concerned. Questionnaires, if designed effectively are unlikely to be time-consuming, therefore enabling for
the data collection in such a small amount of time [39], [40]. Given the fact that the research sample is
geographically dispersed across Syria, the researcher relied on a questionnaire approach to investigate.
Questionnaires, if designed effectively are unlikely to be time-consuming, therefore enabling for the data
collection in such a small amount of time [38]-[40]. Given the fact that the research sample is geographically
dispersed across Syria, the researcher relied on a questionnaire approach to investigate.
4. RESEARCH METHOD
According to [38], The methodology is a set of ideas that must be reduced to a technique that is
uniquely appropriate to a given circumstance in any given situation. The research approach for this study
offers a systematic and structured technique for examining the link between the many variables involved,
namely e-governance, behavioural intention to use, and government operation excellence. In achieving the
objectives, the research methodology deals with procedures involved in this research. Questionnaire targeting
to survey the adoption information technology for promoting e-governance system among citizens in
Republic of Syria are including in the instrument.
Series of tests such as structural equation model (SEM), and reliability analysis were conducted to
confirm that the instruments were valid (reliability and convergent validity). Also, The research approach that
was used in this study was described in depth. Includes all procedures, processes, and recommendations that
are suited for this type of investigation, according to research literature. The primary goal of this study is to
look at the role of behavioural acceptability in mediating the link between e-governance and GOE in Syria.
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4.1. Research framework
The adoption of information systems, particularly e-governance systems, is impacted by three
variables, according to a study of the relevant literature., namely: (1) individual factors (2) system factors (3)
environmental factors [41]-[43]. The Implications of DeLone and McLean model, technology acceptance
model (TAM), task-technology fit (TTF), and unified theory of acceptance and usage technology are the
main theories utilised in this study in terms of theoretical contributions (UTAUT) [44], [45]. We are merging
these theories into a new framework in order to attain the best GOE for Syrian citizens in this study.
Hence, the evaluation of GOE will be supported by the equal common criterion as is stipulated
within the SERVQUAL approach. It will be classified into assurance, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness
and empathy [46], [47]. The goal of this study is to see how e-governance affects the GOE.
H1: An e-governance system and GOE have a significant relationship
4.1.1. Conceptualization of factors
An study of information and communication technologies of the literature has shown that Various
researches have been performed out to explore at user acceptability of e-governance systems [24]-[26], [48],
[49]. The majority of previous studies have focused on employees and citizens environments within
economically developed nations. While developing countries have much to gain from utilising information
technology, they usually receive little to no attention in regards to research [50]-[52]. To do so, they need to
improve upon three aspects: the implementation environment, individual factor, and system factor. In that
respect, the current study will aim to in order to improve knowledge of the different aspects that influence
Syrian residents' acceptance of the e-government system [53], [54].
4.1.1.1. Behavioral intention
Citizens are encouraged to use a certain software program if it has been utilised or advertised by
social organisations, colleagues, or relatives, or any other factor that affects a people's actions or feelings.
[55]. This study adding three determinants that are associated of use-intention behaviour of e-governance.
They're included to highlight the individual aspect because they have e-governance adoption has a significant
influence on people's decisions.
H2: The the relation among an e-governance system and government operation excellence is moderated by
behavioral intention to use.
4.1.1.2. Performance expectancy
Performance expectancy (PE) is defined by a number of writers, including [56], [57], as an
individual's expectations of enhancement while applying a different concept that might increase job
performancePerformance expectation appears to be a significant component in determining user intention in
ICT environments, according to a slew of studies [58], [59].
Applying this concept (PE) to the e-governance system implies that Syrian citizens believe that
using the E-governance system will help them understand more now and, as a result, will enhance their
effectiveness. Within an e-governance context, there are many studies which suggest that PE directly
influences user intent to use an e-governance system [60]-[62].
H3: Expected performance has a positive impact on behavioural intentions to utilise services provided by the
government.
4.1.1.3. Effort expectancy
Both [56], [63] define effort expectation as the amount of comfort users feel when utilising
information technology. Effort expectancy has been shown in various research to have a significant impact
on behavioural intention. That's also, this same desire to utilize information system technologies [59], [60],
and [64]. Throughout this view, effort expectancy theory says that people will typically accept a system if
they believe it is uncomplicated to use. This research will aim determine the level to which independent
variables such as effort expectations influence the outcome correlate with the aim of implementing an e-
governance platform.
H4: Effort expectation will impact behavioural intentions to utilise e-governance services in a positive
influence.
4.1.1.4. Citizens-centricity (CC)
The provision of services from the consumer's point of view, rather than the attitude of the
government entity, is what a citizen centric approach entails. Antoni et al, Kamaruddin et al [65], [66]. The
citizen should be at the centre of every e-governance initiative. Therefore, citizen-centric customer service is
a complicated topic with many standpoints that should be examined at the beginning of every new project.
Some academics have identified his offering of citizen-centered service as a significant success factor.
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Elsheikh et al. [67] citizen-centered service provision in developing nations, e-governance services
determinants would allow for a good knowledge of residents' problems, wants, requirements, and concerns,
which governments must consider to guarantee the success of services [68].
H5: Citizens-centricity will have a beneficial impact on behavioural intents to utilise egovernment services.
4.1.1.5. System flexibility (SF)
In the context of e-governance, system flexibility relates to the extent of freedom people think e-
governance provides them in terms of time and location. Almahamid et al. [69] system flexibility. This is the
capacity to use several procedures and facilities to attain the same objectives. It includes elements like
product volume flexibility, persons flexibility, and so on [70].
E-governance literature has also provided us with many studies that indicate the predictive ability of
flexibility of e-governance system in determining behavioral intention [46]. In this research, Syrian citizens
will adopt the e-governance. People will utilise the e-governance system if they feel they could reach it at any
location worldwide.
H6: System flexibility will have a favourable impact on behavioural intents to utilise e-government services.
4.1.1.6. Facilitating conditions (FC)
In 2003, Venkatesh [56] defined Facilitating conditions are the criteria that cause users to feel that
Syria's governance infrastructure, both technological and organisational, can operate an e-governance
application system. For this regard, enabling, facilitating conditions might lead to the failure of information
systems related to a loss of trust in the companies and their systems [57].
Zhang et al. [36] it was also suggested that providing enabling conditions, such as money and time,
would drive a person to adopt a specific method. The enabling circumstances construct has a substantial
direct impact on user behaviour, according to several research in the information technology area [71]-[73].
Applying this concept to the e-governance system indicates that Syrian residents believe technological
infrastructure is important, and governance infrastructure will allowing them to access the e-government
system without any problem, and to interact with other users [74].
H7: Facilitating conditions will impcat behavioural intentions to utilise e-governance services in a positive way.
4.1.1.7. SERVQUAL
Parasuraman et al. [75] improved their prior methodology for evaluating service quality. H. Ali [76]
The SERVQUAL was established. In brief, the authors argue that a practical service quality assessment
develops from a gap in between quality of the service delivered and the client's demands. As a result of
completing further research and collecting and analysing new knowledgeThose who are willing to enlarge their
impact, lowering the original 10 dimensions to seven; 1) physical items; 2) reliability; 3) responsiveness; 4)
communication, credibility, safety, competence; 5) courtesy; 6) customer knowledge; and 7) access.
As showing in Table 1 SERVQUAL was decreased to 5 dimensions reliability, responsiveness,
assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Tangibles represent the physical facilities, equipment and appearance of
personnel. Reliability refers to the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.
Responsiveness is the willingness-to-help users and provide prompt attention. Assurance indicates courteous
and knowledgeable employees who convey trust and confidence. The empathy dimension includes offering
caring, individualized. These 5 dimensions are used in service quality gap, which implies that there is a
difference between the expectations of customers and perception of service at a second step, which involved
more research improvement. According to [76], Regardless of the type of service, buyers utilise a similar
criterion to evaluate quality. Service quality may be defined as a client's general view of a service's delivery,
based on a set of positive or negative experiences. It's tough to live up to the service operations criteria since
they require a certain amount of intangibility. In order to address this issue, [77] created a technique that
involves a comparison of multiple levels of expectations and patron perceptions of service excellence.
Table 1. SERVQUAL dimensions
Tangibles Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy
The physical
appearance of service
delivery devices and
employees.
The capacity to deliver the
given service on time and
on budget, regardless of
any issues that may occur.
The capacity to serve
every client without
hesitation and to promote
the service efficiently and
pleasantly.
When offering a
service, the capacity
to create a sense of
trust, safety, and
technical excellence
The client
unreserved help,
which is focus to
his specific needs
and interests
As shown in Figure 1, the measurement framework in this study was made up of 42 items to
measure 11 constructs, namely: citizens-centricity (CC), facilitating conditions (FC) system flexibility (SF),
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effort expectancy (EE), and performance expectancy (PE) are the e-governnace factors, empathy (EMP),
responsiveness (RES), reliability (REL), assurance (ASSU), tangibles (TAN) are the government operion
excellance factors with use of the servqual dimenions and behavioral intentions (BI) is the mediation.
Figure 1. Research framework
5. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
The measurement framework in this study to exmine the convergent validity and relibiity ans also
examin the goodness of fit indices.
5.1. Convergent validity and reliability
After the completion of the dimensionality constructs , each of the constructs was evaluated for their
reliability and validityCronbach's alpha, construct reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE)
have been used to measure validity, and constructs such as convergent and discriminant are used to assess
reliability.as show in Table 2. Cronbach alpha and convergent validity results for the revised measuring
model with 42 reminder items are represented.
As showing in Table 2 that for all constructs, the AVE, which indicates the whole amount of
variance in the indicators given for by the latent construct, was greater than the suggested cut-off of 0.5,
ranging from 0.531 to 0.684. The composite reliability values, which reflect how strongly the construct
indicators predict the construct validity, varied from 0.797 to 0.915, which were all higher than the
acceptable value of 0.6 for all constructs as suggested by [78], [79].
Table 2. Cronbach alpha and convergent validity
Construct
Cronbach Alpha Internal
Reliability
Convergent validity
Average Variance Extracted (AVE)a
Composite Reliability (CR)b
CC 0.795 0.567 0.797
EMP 0.843 0.531 0.819
RES 0.856 0.599 0.857
FC 0.854 0.576 0.844
REL 0.896 0.684 0.896
TAN 0.858 0.632 0.872
ASSU 0.809 0.597 0.815
BI 0.862 0.557 0.863
SF 0.862 0.611 0.863
EE 0.914 0.641 0.915
PE 0.892 0.577 0.891
Cronbach’s Alpha values, which indicate how error-free a measure is, vary from 0.795 to 0.914,
which are higher than the 0.7 criterion proposed by [80], [81]. As a result, Cronbach's Alpha was proven to
be suitably error-free for all constructs. As show in Table 2 the results. The remaining variables have strong
factor loadings range between 0.863 to 0.915, indicating that the variables are still significant.
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5.2. Goodness of fit indices
In general, there are Two categories of goodness-of-fit indices, namely a) absolute fit measures such
as chi-square statistic, goodness-of-fit statistic (GFI), and root mean square error of approximation
(RMSEA), b) Incremental fit measures such as tucker-lewis index (TLI), incremental fit index (IFI), and
comparative fit index (CFI).
As show in Table 3 Based on the current GOF results, the chi-square is substantial at the 0.010
level. The normed fit index of lowest difference chi-square can be removed if the sample size for the research
is more than 200 [82], [83]. After correcting for degrees of freedom in based on the number of variables, the
adjusted GFI, AGFI was 0.867, which was greater than the recommended cut-off value >0.80 according to
[84], [85]. The model predicted 86 percent of the variances and covariance in the survey results, according to
the report. The model showed a satisfactory fit of collected data on the CFI, TLI, and IFI indices with values
more than the cutoff value of > 0.9 (0.973, 0.973, and 0.976, respectively) [86], [87]. In addition, the root-
mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.020, and that was lower than the suggested threshold of
< 0.10 [88], [90]. Furthermore, the fact that the comparative CMIN/χ2, χ2/df, (1.224) has been less than 5
revealed the good fit of the model [89], [90]. No additional changes are necessary because the new model
appropriately matches the data.
Table 3. Modified measurement model GOF indices
Fit index Modified Model Recommended values Source
CMIN (χ2)
p-value
χ2/df
GFI
AGFI
CFI
TLI
IFI
RMSEA
1.224
0.000
1.224
0.881
0.867
0.973
0.973
0.976
0.020
> 0.05
≤ 5.00
≥ 0.90
≥ 0.80
≥ 0.90
≥ 0.90
≥ 0.90
≤ 0.10
[82], [83]
[83]
[82]
[84],[85]
[86],[87]
[86],[87]
[86], [87]
[88], [89]
6. CONCLUSION
A average of 600 questionnaires were sent to Syrian individuals as part of the study. From the
amount, just 419 questionnaires were received, and only 387 of them could be used (64.1 percent). For each
questionnaire, 16 respondents submitted the questionnaire with more than 25% missing data. Questionnaires
with missing data of greater than 23% should be removed, according to. Additionally, The questionnaire was
returned empty by 13 of the respondents. As a result, only 384 instances were utilised in the study's analysis .
Six hypotheses have been explored in order to achieve the research's goals. Five direct relations
have been identified out of the total. Users want to take use of the framework of the e-governance system,
which is statistically significant, although the research shows also that first performance expectancy and
behavioral intention have a strong link (0.000). Effort expectancy and behavioral Intention have a second
strong link (0.000). The third stong link is between citizens-centricity and behavioral intention (0.025).
System flexibility and behavioral intention have a fourth strong link (0.002)). Facilitating conditions and
behavioral intention are the sixth stong link (0.000).
When taking into consideration In order to statistically influence the link between EGOV systems
and government operation excellence, two relationships been presented GOE. The coefficient parameter
estimations of the structural model are explored and see if EGOV has a positively significant impact on GOE.
By Behavioral intention with a total effect of (0.119), the first significant indirect relation between EGOV
and GOE was presented. The second significant indirect relation between EGOV and GOE and satisfaction
services been presented, with a net impact of (0.097). With Satisfaction Services, a third key indirect link
among EGOV and GOE was presented, with an overall effect of (0.185). The fourth important indirect
relationship was proposed between EGOV and GOE with a total effect of (0.118). The fifth significant
indirect link was postulated between EGOV and GOE and behavioral intention (BI), with a net impact of 0.
(0.087) with BI, a sixth key indirect link between EGOV and GOE were presented, with a net effect of 0.
(0.030).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I'd like to thank my postdoc supervisor for his help, prof. Dr. Imad Fakhri Taha Alyaseen, the Head,
Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, who made this work possible by providing
extensive talks and helpful recommendations that substantially improved the article.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Almahdy Alhaj Saleh a Ph.D degree from limkokwing university, Malaysia 2020, MSc in
computer networking 2014 and currently post doctorate fellow at IIUM Kulliyyah Of
Information And Communication Technology.
Imad Fakhri Taha Alyassen (prof.dr.) a IEEE senior member, obtained his BSc (Hon) in
Mathematics, MSc in Computer Science from Iraq, and Ph. D degree from Pune University,
India, 2000.