A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
Penerapan it governance pada pemerintahanKenneth Aurel
Powerpoints ini merupakan presentasi mengenai penerapan IT-Governance di pemerintahan khususnya secara umum pemrintah Indonesia dam secara mendetail pemerintah singapura
E-governance Culture in Institutions of Higher EducationRamesh C. Sharma
National Seminar on Promoting E-governance Culture in Institutions of Higher Education (March 20-21, 2013), Organized by
Department of B.Ed./M.Ed., Faculty of Education & Allied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly (U.P.)-243006 (India)
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
Penerapan it governance pada pemerintahanKenneth Aurel
Powerpoints ini merupakan presentasi mengenai penerapan IT-Governance di pemerintahan khususnya secara umum pemrintah Indonesia dam secara mendetail pemerintah singapura
E-governance Culture in Institutions of Higher EducationRamesh C. Sharma
National Seminar on Promoting E-governance Culture in Institutions of Higher Education (March 20-21, 2013), Organized by
Department of B.Ed./M.Ed., Faculty of Education & Allied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly (U.P.)-243006 (India)
Promoting transparency in university administration through e governanceVijay Bhaskar
The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
E-Governance and the ICT Legislative Frameworktheijes
This study assesses the effect of ICT policies and practices toward ensuring the governance supported by information sharing in Tanzania. Logically, the work is organized in four main categories. The first category introduces the study through providing the background, statement of the problem and objectives. This part is followed by a research method. The study was based on interpretive principles, and it used secondary data to arrive to its conclusions. The analysis is conducted through grouping elements, which responds to the same pattern of the study, under the same section. The last part of the study provides the conclusion and recommendations to the local legislative framework
Misra, D.C. (2009) An E Governance Vision For India By 2020 Gvmitm 23.5.09Dr D.C. Misra
This an e-governance vision for India by 2020 by an e-governance researcher and consultant. India is already Internet nation no.4 in the world and is destined to become Internet nation no. 1 in the world in due course of time. However, if the steps suggested in this presentation are taken, not only will it hasten the process but provide firm foundations to e-government.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
Comparative review on information and communication technology issues in educ...riyaniaes
The use of information and communication technology is very beneficial in the education sector because it can enhance the quality of education. However, the implementation of ICT in the education sector of developed and developing countries is a challenging task. This paper explains the comparative study of ICT issues in the education sector of developed and developing countries. In particular, we compare issues between Pakistan and high-tech countries. Our study reveals the fact that the education sector is facing numerous ICT problems that are based on culture, finance, management, infrastructure, lack of training, lack of equipment, teacher’s refusal, and ethical issues. At the end of this paper, various issues faced by the implementation of ICT in the education sector of Pakistan have been categorized into various types, namely, infrastructure, lack of IT professionals, lack of high-speed internet and equipment. Our research is based on five key research questions related to ICT issues. We used a mixed approach where the results of this study can be used as a set of guidelines to help make the learning environment technology-oriented, fast, planned, and productive. Future directions are also given at the end of this paper.
the idea of e-government basically has interconnected with globalization. While, this presentation try to find impact and trigger of globalization with the government with using ICT.
The concept of local e-Government has become a key factor for delivering services in an efficient, cost
effective, transparent and convenient way, in circumstances where a) citizens do not have enough time
available to communicate with local authorities in order to perform their responsibilities and needs, and
b) information and communication technologies significantly facilitate administrative procedures and
citizens-government interaction. This paper aims to identify e-services that local authorities provide, and
to investigate their readiness for delivering these services. A pilot research has been conducted to identify
the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
Exploring Factors Relating to the Use of E-Government Services, as Perceived ...Abdullah Mohammed
From as early as 1999, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago recognized the positive benefits that ICT could bring to its operations, to the private sector, and to its citizens. Since then, much work has been done to lay the foundations for e-Government and e-Business. Although the potential benefits are high, progress has been slow, and because of this, citizens have had little exposure to local e-Government and e-Commerce service offerings.
This study takes a first look at the factors that would affect Trinidad and Tobago citizens’ intentions to use an online, transactional e-Government service using constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis 1989), the Diffusions of Innovations Theory (Rogers 1995), two forms of Trust (Carter and Bélanger 2005), and user characteristics. Hypothesis testing revealed that the six constructs in the model were significantly correlated with use intentions, along with three other demographic variables. Interestingly, Gender, Age and Agent assistance were not found to be statistically significant. Findings from correlations, the factor analysis and the multiple regression model were presented, and the implications for e-Government leaders and project implementers are discussed.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
Promoting transparency in university administration through e governanceVijay Bhaskar
The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
Analyzing E-Government Development in Kudus Local Government Using SWOT AnalysisEdhie Wibowo
E-government is an important tool for public sector transformation and a force for effective governance, and the Government of Indonesia has been trying to utilize the advances of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for the public. This research tries to analyze the e-government developments in Kudus Local Government to find the strength and weakness within the organization, as well as the opportunity and threat outside the organization.Using qualitative analysis method, a field research has been done in Kudus Local Government. All findings then analyzed to find the best using SWOT Analysis.The result of this research shows us, that e-government development in Kudus Local Government could be improved in the future by using the precise analysis in the development process to create the best strategic plans based on the analysis and could be used as an insight to develop a new system more effective and efficient in the future.
E-Governance and the ICT Legislative Frameworktheijes
This study assesses the effect of ICT policies and practices toward ensuring the governance supported by information sharing in Tanzania. Logically, the work is organized in four main categories. The first category introduces the study through providing the background, statement of the problem and objectives. This part is followed by a research method. The study was based on interpretive principles, and it used secondary data to arrive to its conclusions. The analysis is conducted through grouping elements, which responds to the same pattern of the study, under the same section. The last part of the study provides the conclusion and recommendations to the local legislative framework
Misra, D.C. (2009) An E Governance Vision For India By 2020 Gvmitm 23.5.09Dr D.C. Misra
This an e-governance vision for India by 2020 by an e-governance researcher and consultant. India is already Internet nation no.4 in the world and is destined to become Internet nation no. 1 in the world in due course of time. However, if the steps suggested in this presentation are taken, not only will it hasten the process but provide firm foundations to e-government.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
Comparative review on information and communication technology issues in educ...riyaniaes
The use of information and communication technology is very beneficial in the education sector because it can enhance the quality of education. However, the implementation of ICT in the education sector of developed and developing countries is a challenging task. This paper explains the comparative study of ICT issues in the education sector of developed and developing countries. In particular, we compare issues between Pakistan and high-tech countries. Our study reveals the fact that the education sector is facing numerous ICT problems that are based on culture, finance, management, infrastructure, lack of training, lack of equipment, teacher’s refusal, and ethical issues. At the end of this paper, various issues faced by the implementation of ICT in the education sector of Pakistan have been categorized into various types, namely, infrastructure, lack of IT professionals, lack of high-speed internet and equipment. Our research is based on five key research questions related to ICT issues. We used a mixed approach where the results of this study can be used as a set of guidelines to help make the learning environment technology-oriented, fast, planned, and productive. Future directions are also given at the end of this paper.
the idea of e-government basically has interconnected with globalization. While, this presentation try to find impact and trigger of globalization with the government with using ICT.
The concept of local e-Government has become a key factor for delivering services in an efficient, cost
effective, transparent and convenient way, in circumstances where a) citizens do not have enough time
available to communicate with local authorities in order to perform their responsibilities and needs, and
b) information and communication technologies significantly facilitate administrative procedures and
citizens-government interaction. This paper aims to identify e-services that local authorities provide, and
to investigate their readiness for delivering these services. A pilot research has been conducted to identify
the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
Exploring Factors Relating to the Use of E-Government Services, as Perceived ...Abdullah Mohammed
From as early as 1999, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago recognized the positive benefits that ICT could bring to its operations, to the private sector, and to its citizens. Since then, much work has been done to lay the foundations for e-Government and e-Business. Although the potential benefits are high, progress has been slow, and because of this, citizens have had little exposure to local e-Government and e-Commerce service offerings.
This study takes a first look at the factors that would affect Trinidad and Tobago citizens’ intentions to use an online, transactional e-Government service using constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis 1989), the Diffusions of Innovations Theory (Rogers 1995), two forms of Trust (Carter and Bélanger 2005), and user characteristics. Hypothesis testing revealed that the six constructs in the model were significantly correlated with use intentions, along with three other demographic variables. Interestingly, Gender, Age and Agent assistance were not found to be statistically significant. Findings from correlations, the factor analysis and the multiple regression model were presented, and the implications for e-Government leaders and project implementers are discussed.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
This presentation will clarify the role of IT in government, as well as the Contribution of government in the IT sector. How the IT sector helped us to take a closer look at the government and the current scenario of both these powerful fields.
THE CRITICAL ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS OF E-GOVERNMENT IN KENYA Editor IJCATR
eGovernment focusses on the use of technology to achieve levels of improvement in various areas of government, transforming the nature of politics and relations between the government and citizens. However, in Kenya, just like in other developing nations, many eGovernment projects have either stalled or failed to meet their objectives due to some key organizational factors. This study therefore highlights critical organizational factors affecting eGovernment projects and the nature of their relationships with eGovernment performance. The study employed cross-sectional survey design. Targeting the entire 18 eGovernment projects implemented through the Information Communications Authority of Kenya since 2005. Both primary and secondary data was collected and analyzed based on response from 217 respondents out of the 300 who participated (72% response rate). At the end, it emerged that out of the various organizational factors hypothesized to predict eGovernment projects Performance, only organizational structure, prioritization of deliverables, and organizational culture are critical in Kenyan context. Others identified in previous studies such as future needs of the organization, power distribution, structure, information system strategy alignment, prioritization of deliverables, and training were also important but not critical.
e-Governance Implementation In Ebonyi State Nigeria: Challenges and ProspectsEditor IJCATR
The deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in different facets of the world’s economy has yielded very reasonable results. ICT has blured the barriers of hinderances in tourism, trade, healthcare, education and training. In governance and administration, ICT applications have enhanced the delivery of public services to citizens and clients not only by improving the process and management of government, but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship. This paper examined the challenges facing the implementation of e-Governance in Ebonyi State – Nigeria and highlights the prospects. The research used a primary source of data by distributing, collecting and analysing a total of 500 questionnaires administered to respondents in the research area (Ebonyi State). The research found that the most difficult challenges facing the deployment of e-governance in Ebonyi State were lack of steady power supply, poor communication infrastructure and high cost of computer and internet equipments. The survey also revealed that the use of e-governance would bring improved efficiency in government operations without necessarily increasing the cost of state governance. e-Governance would strengthen democratic principles and ideologies which inturn brings good governance to the people.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
The antecedent e-government quality for public behaviour intention, and exten...CSITiaesprime
An The main objective of the study is to identify the antecedent of leadership quality, public satisfaction and public behaviour intention of e-government service. Also, this study integrated e-government quality to expectation-confirmation model. In order to achieve these goals, observational research was then carried out to collect primary information, using the method of data dissemination and obtaining the opinion of 360 from the public using the e-government service and some of the e-government and software quality experts. The results of the study show that the positive association among the e-government services quality and public perceived usefulness, public expectation confirmation, leadership quality and public satisfaction that also play a positive role on the public behavior intention.
At this time, e-governance transformation is considered as one of the most important and biggest challenges among
and within the IT-related sector from the scale and complexity perspective. In this respect, the researches have
reviewed and studied some of the factors that affect implementing the e-governance for Public and private schools in
Governorate of Al Buraimi, Oman. The aim of the study was to determine whether there existed organizational
differences that demanded different approaches and strategies for the implementation of e-governance. The research
considered three organizational factors, which included, the type of the organization (public or private), size of the
organization and the work experience of the employees of the organization. In addition, the research considered the
some of the requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance. These requirements included, physical,
financial, administrative and management requirements. Through the research it was evident that the different types
of requirements needed for the implementation of e-governance varied by the organizational factors. In other words,
the findings indicated that the approaches and strategies that needs to be adopted will differ with the organizational
characteristics. This differences needs to be considered at the time of implementation and should be incorporated
when developing the implementation plans by the implementing organization
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India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
chapter 10 - excise tax of transfer and business taxation
KLB4122
1. Proceeding - Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference 4 (KLIBEL4)
Vol. 1. 31 May – 1 June 2014. Hotel Putra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 978-967-11350-3-7
THE ROLE OF E-GOVERNANCE IN INCREASING OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE
(CASE STUDY IN DEMAK PROVINCE, CENTRAL JAVA,
INDONESIA)
Oleh :
Edy Suprianto, SE, MSI, Akt
Department of Accouting
Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia
Email: edy_2806@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
The purpose of research is to identify affectivity and efficiency of implementation of E-good
governance to increase local government performance in Demak, central java, Indonesia.
This research more focuses on how far the capacity of technology information can support
increasing of local government performance. There are many factors which affected the capacity
of technology information. They are executive capability, financial support and legislative support
(Kim Stuart, 2004) and organization commitment (Osmad, 2006). The support of the fourth
factor are many factors which effected the capacity of technology information. The Population of
research are all of work unit in local government performance in Demak, central java, Indonesia.
While samples were selected used purposive random sampling with criterias : first, work unit had
implemented the E-Governance consistenly. Second, work unit must report their performance to
regional had every year. Regression is used to analys the data. Based on the research result, we
can concluded that the role of e-governance is very big. It is supported by the result of on the
regression analys where degree of significancy more than 1,96. So we can reveals that executive
capability, financial support, legislative support and organization commitment have positive effect
significantly on work unit performance. This result indicated that all of government organization
have to more focus on increasing of technology infrmation capacity.
Keyword : E-Government, executive capability, financial support, legislative support and
organization commitment.
INTRODUCTION
On of the good local government performance indicator is achivement of independent their
citizen prosperious and affluent. It is suitable with statement in 1945 Constitution of The Republic
of Indonesia. The constitution mention that to form a government of the state of Indonesia which
shall protect all the people of Indonesia and all the independence and the land that has been
struggled for, and to improve public welfare, to educate the life of the people and to participate
toward the establishment of a world order based on freedom, perpetual peace and social justice,
therefore the independence of Indonesia shall be formulated into a constitution of the Republic of
Indonesia which shall be built into a sovereign state based on a belief in the One and Only God,
just and civilised humanity, the unity of Indonesia, and democratic life led by wisdom of thoughts
in deliberation amongst representatives of the people, and achieving social justice for all the
people of Indonesia..
Demak Distric is one of Local Government which existing in indonesia, exactly in central
java province. To increase their performance Demak District has long away implemented good
government governance. Besaide that they also has set using of information technology to support
implementation of Good Governance. It called by E-Governance. Mario and Brzica (2008)
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mention that E-government concept originated at the beginning of 21
st
century, mostly as a copy of
e-commerce into public sector9. All intentions were directed towards the presence of the public
services on the Internet. In the early years of its development, e-government follows the
evolutionary e-business evolving model.
In the implementation process, there are many problems which be forced by local
government. They are first, Coordination and Controlling of use IT is not yet optimal. Second,
Capacity of information technology is not too adequate and less of awareness of using information
technology. Thirth, Using of information technology is not optimal, Fourth, less of qualified
human resources and fifth, there is no standart of procedur for management information
technology system. Based on these problems, this research try to analyse what the type of
information technology which suitable with the characteristics of Demak Distric and how about
capacity of information technology (software and hardwre) in Demak District can support the
implementation of good governance. Beside that we also will be asses what the effect of financial
and legislative support on the capacity of information technology and how far the effect of using
IT on Demak District performance.
LITERATURE REVIEW
E-GOVERNANCE
Mario and Brzica (2008) mention that E-government concept originated at the beginning
of 21
st
century, mostly as a copy of e-commerce into public sector. All intentions were directed
towards the presence of the public services on the Internet. In the early years of its development,
e-government follows the evolutionary e-business evolving model (Earl in Mario and Brzica,
2008), which in particular means that in the early days of e-government evolvement, primary
focus of the e-services was simple appearance of graphic user interfaces with possibilities of
interactions. Early enthusiasm during the mean time weakened but such experiences brought
crucial acknowledgments. Today, because of those acknowledgments, the focus is on coordination
and effective assessment of the needs, efficiency and public benefits for such services. The
development of electronic public services enters in the new phase, which is mostly determined by
reengineering of existing processes of public government. Public sector by its nature (based on
information and communications) is ideal for international increase of efficiency and quality.
Public government disappointment is triggered by bureaucracy, information abuse for internal
purposes, increasing cost of transactions and mostly because of lack of responsibility for td, he
client. Especially in European countries the problem of ever-growing public sector is present,
making the concept the efficient e-government even more important. Regarding the participants
engaging in e-government activities, four models can be recognized:
- G2C (Government to Citizens),
- G2B (Government to Business),
- G2E (Government to Employees; which includes workflow management and knowledge
management), and
- G2G (Government to Government; which includes Business Process Reengineering and
ERP systems).
Based on the relationship between e-governance and information technology (IT), there are
two main question which have be answered. First, How to determine the qriterias of good
governance to use IT themselves. Second, How to set the IT to achive the good governance. In
generally, IT and good governance have mutually relationship. Better IT will support
implementation of good governance. It means IT which can be acces well, with minimum cost,
and public needs responsible, it will accelerate national development.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY
Organizational capacities or capabilities are typically defined as an ability of an
organization to do something, for example technological capacity is the ability to change or
innovate through technological Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences – 2004 Following this model our general concept of IT capacity for local
governments is the ability of the local government to effectively apply IT to achieve desired ends.
It is important to note that, the type and amount of IT varies significantly across local
governments, even local governments of comparable size and character, but the amount and type
of IT does not adequately capture variation in effective use of technology. One reason for this
failure is that IT by itself does not accomplish anything without the appropriate human and
managerial resources. Over two decades ago, Kraemer and associates found that in order to
understand how computers changed organizations, it was necessary to look at the entire “computer
package” which encompasses ‘technique’ that is organizational structures and institutional
arrangements for maintaining information system, as well as ‘equipment’ (e.g. hardware, software,
network) and ‘people’ who operate, process and use the equipment. Thus, IT must be coupled with
human and managerial resources in-place to more accurately capture IT capacity as defined above.
The factors found in innovation literature in general as well as IT innovation research may
contribute to developing a model to explain what organizational factors are critical to the level of
IT capacity. Innovation is a function of the motivation to innovate, the strength of obstacles
against innovation, and the availability of resources for overcoming such obstacles. In local
governments, therefore, barriers to IT innovation can be resistance from end-users to new
information system, top decision makers’ lack of will and understanding about the IT innovation
and insufficient support or inappropriate regulations from upper level government. On top of that,
IT manager who is not capable of planning and implementing IT innovation projects may hinder
the success of IT innovation
There are many factors have been founded and created in literatur and empiric research. It
will give contribution in model development about capacity of information technology (Kim
Stuart, 2004). Mohr (2004) mention that innovation is the fuction of motivation to creat
something which effected by two factors. They are the power of constrain that faced and
availability of resources to encounter the constrain.
Figure 1. Degree of IT Capacity
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AN INITIAL THEORY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CAPACITY
Kim Stuart (2004) mentioned that the factors found in innovation literature in general as
well as IT innovation research may contribute to developing a model to explain what
organizational factors are critical to the level of IT capacity. Based on Mohr (2004), innovation is
a function of the motivation to innovate, the strength of obstacles against innovation, and the
availability of resources for overcoming such obstacles. In local governments, therefore, barriers
to IT innovation can be resistance from end-users to new information system, top decision makers’
lack of will and understanding about the IT innovation and insufficient support or inappropriate
regulations from upper level government. On top of that, IT manager who is not capable of
planning and implementing IT innovation projects may hinder the success of IT innovation.
SUPPORT FROM ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES
Kim Stuart (2004) mentioned that Innovation would be more likely when the political
environment to which an organization belongs has norms favoring the change. According to
Fountain, enacting technology is highly influenced by institutional and political arrangements.
Hence, improving IT capacity of local governments depends on whether support from
administrative authorities elected or appointed top administrators (mayor or city manager), city
council and also state government is available for IT managers who are in charge of implementing
IT adoption process and its utilization. Even in the case that IT managers initiate the adoption of
new technology, support from administrative authorities may play a significant role in whether the
innovation efforts are frustrated or completed. Support from administrative authorities can be
expressed in several ways. First, top administrators’ innovativeness is important for mobilizing
resources.
IT innovation requires large amount of investments, and its effects are not realized in a
short term. To implement IT innovation, top administrators are expected to take the risk of failure
or delay of IT adoption. Therefore, the top administrator has to have risk-taking propensity to
support IT managers to design and implement IT adoption plan without worrying about the
consequence. Second, top administrators’ knowledge of IT should be considered. Top
administrators knowledgeable of the potentials of IT are more likely to have more positive attitude
to IT innovation and to endorse the innovation initiatives raised by IT managers. Third, legislative
body, i.e. city council, is as important as top administrators are, because budget allocation and
other legislative supports are finally authorized by city councils. Like top administrators, city
councils' IT innovativeness and knowledge form a crucial part of support from administrative
authorities. Fourth, state governments’ influence also needs to be considered. State governments
make efforts for state-wide technology diffusion, such as providing information about innovations,
financial support during development, and procedural facilitation
MANAGERIAL CAPABILITY OF IT MANAGER
Kim Stuart (2004) mentioned that the availability of individuals capable of producing
new ideas is one of the significant factors promoting innovation, and innovations are likely to be
proposed by individuals who have expertise in a particular area. Especially, IT innovations tend to
start from ingenious application devised by managers with a technical background. Therefore,
managerial capability of IT manager, which can be defined as the ability to identify problems of
the current information system, and to develop and evaluate alternatives to improve the IT
capacity of the organization appears to be a decisive factor affecting the IT capacity of local
government. This notion of managerial capability conforms to our early definition of capacity in
general and IT capacity specifically, as the ability of the local government to effectively apply
information technology.
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In local governments, an IT manager is in the position of initiating and implementing IT
innovation projects. An IT manager’s managerial capability as a change agent can be thought to be
composed of knowledge of IT, innovativeness and motivation. Knowledge of IT is an essential part
of IT managerial capability. As previously noted, IT encompasses a broad range of technologies.
As innovation capability is contingent upon the skill level of the staff, without the comprehensive
expertise in IT, IT managers may neither design a plan appropriate to obtaining IT capacity nor
gain trust from the administrative authorities whose political supports are essential for executing
innovation ideas.
Financial support
Kim Stuart (2004) mentioned that the availability of financial resources is one of the
strongest predictors of innovation. For organizational innovation, especially for adopting advanced
IT, financial support is indispensable for procuring and developing adequate levels of hardware
and software, and training end-users as needed. Therefore, we can expect that a large variation in
IT innovation among city governments can be explained by the amount of budget available to
adopting new IT. However, as the size of total budget differs from government to government, the
relative proportion of the IT budget in the budget structure could be considered as the criteria to
judge the level of financial support.
PREVIOUS RESERACH
There are many researches about good governance. One of them is Lukita (2009)
conducted about implementation of Sarbanise Oxley to support Good Governance in PT. Telkom,
Tbk. She founded that there is positive effect of implementation good governance in PT. Telkom
Tbk on organitation performance. This research was supported by Edy Marno (2010) reveals
about the role good governance to support PNPM Mandiri performance in reducing poverty.
Beside of good governance, there are many factors which will affect organitation
performance. Edy (2009) founded that using of information taechnology can support auditor
internal performance. This research was supported by (Wigrantoro, 2001) mentioned that
information technology is very supoort implementation state governance.In 2013, oleh edy Dedi
(2013), also concluded that local government performance is affected by three factors. They were
good government governance, information technology and strategic human resources
management.
This research more focused on the role of information technology to support
implementation of good governance. The ability of information technology to increase
organitation technology has been supported by capacity of information technology. There are
many factors which affect the capacity of information technology. Kim Stuart (2004),
mentioned that capacity of information technology is affected by Executif capability, financial and
legislatife support. Those factors are very important to determine the success of capacity of
information technology to support local government performance. Beside that, Osmad (2006)
added that there is one variable which will support the success of capacity of information
technology. It is organitation commitment.
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Financial
Support
Legislatif
Support
Figure 2. Research Model
Executive
Capability
Capacity of
information
technology
Commitment
Based on the research background and previous reserach, we can cunclude the hypothesis :
H1 : Executive Capability has positive affect on capacity of information technology
H2 : Comitment has positive affect on capacity of information technology
H3 : Financial support can moderate the relationship between Executive Capability and capacity
of information technology.
H4 : Financial support can moderate the relationship between Comitment and capacity of
information technology.
H5 : Legislative support can moderate the relationship between Executive Capability and capacity
of information technology.
H6 : Legislative support can moderate the relationship between Comitment and capacity of
information technology.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
POPULATION AND SAMPLES
The research population is all of work unit of Demak District about 55 unit. Purposive
sampling method is used to collect data with some criterias : first, Work unit of Demak District
had implemented E-Governance in their organitation more than one years. Second, Work unit of
Demak District has budget to support development of the capacity of information technology.
VARIABLE OPEARTIONAL DEFINITION
This research has five variables. They are two independent variable consist of Executive
Capability and Organitation Commitment, two moderating variables consist of Financial and
Legislative Support, and one dependent variable Capacity of Information Tchnology. This
research uses questionaire to describe the standardized operating variables. Previously the vailidty
and the realibility will be tested. In the dimension of strategic Human Resources Management, 5
(five) likert’s scale is used in all questions ( 1 = Totally Disagree to 5 = Totally Agree). Ordinal
scale category is used on some variables through profound interviewsThe indicators of each
variables can see in table1.
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Tabel 1
Definisi Operasional Variabel
Variabel Indikator Pengukuran
Executive
Capability
1. Comprehension about information
technology
2. Skill to motivate and innovate of
information technology
3. Skill to redesign information
technology
4. Skill in politic and get financial
support for information technology
Interval Scale
Use likert Scale. (Kim Stuart,
2004)
Organitation
Commitment
1. feel proud as member of
organitation.
2. invite colleague to hard work in
organitation.
A sense of belonging on
organitation.
Interval Scale
Use likert Scale. (Jaramillo et al
2009).
Financial
Support
1. Percentage of IT Budget
2. Investation in IT
3. Size of local government
4. Tipe of government
Interval Scale
Use likert Scale. (Kim Stuart,
2004)
Legislative
Support
1. Legislative has skill to innovate
2. Legislative has courage to take risk
to support IT
3. Legislative has courage to take risk
to approve IT Budget
4. Legislative has skill to effect
executive to innovate IT
Interval Scale
Use likert Scale. (Kim Stuart,
2004)
Capacity of
Information
Technology
1. Capacity of Software and Hardware
2. Capacity of operation system and
Software network
3. The user ability in analyse IT
4. The attitude of IT user.
5. Program of training for IT User
Interval Scale
Use likert Scale. (Kim Stuart,
2004)
The quantitative analysis is conducted by Partial Least Square (PLS), with the following
steps: first, Validity Analysis, to test and confirm that all research intruments / indicators represent
the proposed variables, which are Economic performance, Social Capital, Social entrepreneurship
and the influenced variable i.e. Developed and wealthy people. The indicator that the instrumens
are valid is the level of correlation with significance less than 0,05. Second, Reliability Analysis,
to test the level of consistency of repsondents responses, by which cornbach alpha number is
attained. The Indicator that the responses are reliable is the high cornbach alpha number ( 0,7 ;
nunnaly, 1990). Thirth, Classical Assumption Analysis in form of Normality test,
Heterocedastisity, Multi co-linearity and auto-corelation. This test is carried out so that regression
will not be BLUE and can be used to predict the equation that will be made. Fourth, Hypotheses
Analysis; ANOVA analyst is used to attained both t count value an and the level of determinde
significance so that the proposed hypothesis can be tested.
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FINDINGS DISCUSSION
This research have 50 sampels consists of officers who work in work unit local
government Demak province. The data was asses used Partial Least Squares (PLS). There are
three criterias to evaluate outer model. They were convergent validity, discriminant validity and
composite reliability. From the fifth variables in this research (Executive Capability (X1),
Organitation Commitment (X2), Financial Support (X3), Legislative Support (X4), and Capacity
of Information Technology (Y)) have loading factor value above 0,5. So all aof variables have
cover convergent validity test. It is also with Reliability test, all aof variables have Composite
Reliability higher than 0.50. So we can suggest that the data were very reliable.
Hypothesis Test
The following is the result of PLS to test each hypothesis:
Table 2
Hipotheses Test Results
Entire Mean of Standard
T-Statistic
Sample subsamples error
Estimate
Exec_Cap-Capacity_IT 0.091 0.3691 0.1593 3.6109
Commitment- Capacity_IT 0.144 0.1815 0.0972 3.1673
Finance_Suuport- Capacity_IT 0.235 0.0161 0.0869 2.4029
Leg_Support- Capacity_IT 0.215 0.2127 0.0289 2.1633
Exe_Cap*Fin- Capacity_IT 0.107 0.2346 0.0763 3.2021
Com*Fin- Capacity_IT 0.307 0.2346 0.0763 3.4021
Exe_Cap*Leg - Capacity_IT 0.468 0.6022 0.0629 2.8735
Com*Leg- Capacity_IT 0.272 0.0036 0.0418 2.9178
Source: The analyzed primary data 2014
Based on the result of PLS test on tabel 2, we can see that for the first hypothesis until
Sixth hypothesis were eccepted. It was support by t–statistik value bigger than t-table value
about 1,96. It means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be seen that variabel
Executive Capability (X1), Organitation Commitment (X2), Financial Support (X3), and
Legislative Support (X4) have posi t ive effect on Capacity of Information Technology (Y).
This research support the previous reserach which conducted by Kim Stuart (2004) mentioned
that Executive Capability , Financial Support, and Legislative Support have posi t ive effect on
Capacity of Information Technology. It also support Osamd (2006) revealed that organization
have commitment posi t ive effect on Capacity of Information Technology.
Based on this result we can see that the role of information technology to support
implementation of good governance is very big. So, local government has responsibility to
maintain their information technology effectively. They have to redesain their IT so it can synergy
with implementation of information technology. Local governments have, for a long time, made
use of information technology (IT) to manage public services. Applying IT to government has to
consider some factors like Executive Capability, Organitation Commitment, Financial Support,
and Legislative Support. All of factors is very important for the success of E-Governance. Kim
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Stuart (2004) added that they also has to mantain organizational and environmental factors, for
example the effect of environmental and organizational factors.
Pathak. (2008) mentioned that Governments now realize that e-Governance is more
than just floating government web sites on the Internet. The definition for the purposes
of this paper is to characterize e- Governance as a process to make simpler and improve
democratic government and business aspects of governance through an application of
electronic means in the interaction between citizens and government and businesses
and government and also in internal government operations (Backus, 2001). E-Governance
represents a significant opportunity to move forward with qualitative, cost
effective government services and a better relationship between citizens and
government (Fang, 2002). The potential benefits of using ICT in government include, but
go beyond, efficiency and effectiveness. By making available interactive access to and
use of information by people who use government services e-Governance initiatives
hope to empower citizens (Gage, 2002) and improve relationships between
governments and citizens by helping build new spaces for citizens to participate in their
overall development (Gasco, 2003). Online systems have not only helped achieve
efficiency gains by cutting overall time to process applications but also made transactions
more traceable, transparent and easier to access (Bhatnagar, 2003). However, if e-
Governance initiatives are to curb corruption then the design of such systems needs an
appropriate conceptual framework and needs to be understood by policy makers
and public managers (Cisar, 2003; Mahmood, 2004; Tangkitvanich, 2003).
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this research are : first, variabel executive capability, organitation
commitment, financial support, and legislative support have posi t ive ef fect on capacity of
information technology. The second is Good Governance has positive impact significantly on
work unit performance in Demak local Government. Thirth, information technology has positive
impact significantly on work unit performance in Demak local Government.
This limitation of the study are the first, performance variabel is just measured from
persption side. It can not reflection of full performance. So the next research expected use others
measurement. The second, value of R2 about 20%, means that capacity of information technology
variable is effected by four variables (executive capability, organitation commitment, financial
support, and legislative support) in this model just 20%. It can be seen that performance variable
is effected by other variables in outside of the model like politics, birocration, environment and
etc.
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