This document provides an overview of e-governance initiatives in Bangladesh, specifically focusing on changes to service delivery at the district administration level using Cox's Bazar Zila Parishad as a case study. It discusses the introduction and growth of e-governance in Bangladesh over time, from early infrastructure projects in the late 1990s to a growing focus on citizen-centric services in recent years. Key drivers of this transition included the 2002 ICT policy, projects by the Access to Information program from 2006-2009, and growing political will under the current government's vision of a "Digital Bangladesh".
Problems and challenges of public administration in Bangladesh: pathway to su...Premier Publishers
The paper seeks to find out the major problems and prospects of public administration in Bangladesh and pathway to Sustainable Development. The Public Administration in Bangladesh still faced by corruption, violence, absence of rule of law, outdated laws, non transparency, lack of professionalism, abuse of human rights, non accountability, and serious politicization of all government institutions even the judicial system. The study is descriptive in nature which is based on extensive literature review and secondary sources. It is observed that we need a group of educated expert administrator and strong political leadership with commitment to fight against corruption, non accountability, non transparency and inefficiency. The implementation of rule of law with strong moral ground is necessary for ensuring good governance and sustainable development. The findings of the study will help administrator, public, student, researcher, political leaders and policy makers for designing future sustainable development policy and program.
This presentation contains definition, objectives, typology and models of e-governance. Besides it also depicted the present e-governance scenario in Bangladesh of different sectors such as private, banking and public sectors.
Problems and challenges of public administration in Bangladesh: pathway to su...Premier Publishers
The paper seeks to find out the major problems and prospects of public administration in Bangladesh and pathway to Sustainable Development. The Public Administration in Bangladesh still faced by corruption, violence, absence of rule of law, outdated laws, non transparency, lack of professionalism, abuse of human rights, non accountability, and serious politicization of all government institutions even the judicial system. The study is descriptive in nature which is based on extensive literature review and secondary sources. It is observed that we need a group of educated expert administrator and strong political leadership with commitment to fight against corruption, non accountability, non transparency and inefficiency. The implementation of rule of law with strong moral ground is necessary for ensuring good governance and sustainable development. The findings of the study will help administrator, public, student, researcher, political leaders and policy makers for designing future sustainable development policy and program.
This presentation contains definition, objectives, typology and models of e-governance. Besides it also depicted the present e-governance scenario in Bangladesh of different sectors such as private, banking and public sectors.
,
organs of the government of bangladesh
,
government: concept
,
legislature of bangladesh
,
limitations of the executive organ in bd
,
judiciary organ of bangladesh
,
functions of judicial organ of bangladesh
,
functions of executive organ of bangladesh
,
how to make judiciary more effective in bangladesh
What is Corruption :
corruption can occur in difference scales. There is corruption that occurs as small fvours between a small number of people, corruption that affects the govt. on a large scale and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society
Scales of Corruption :
There are three types of corruption. Given below
1.petty corruption – petty corruption occur at a smaller scale and with in established social farm works and governing firms
2.Grand corruption - Grand is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political legal and economic system
3. Systemic corruption – Systemic corruption is corruption which is primirally due to the weakness of an organization or process
corruption in different sectors :
There are five types of corruption we can see in different sector of in our country. Such as govt/ public sector, political corruption, judicial corruption, police corruption, Unions.
Now we describe Public sector and political sectors corruption
1.Govt. corruption : Day by day corruption increase in GOVT. sector because of some corrupted officer’s and people’s. public sector corruption includes corruption of the political process and of government agencies such as the police as well as corruption in process of allocating public funds for contracts grants and hiring “ recent research by the world bank suggests that who makes policy decisions ( elected official or bureaucrats ) can be critical in determining the level of corruption because of the incentives different policy-makers face”
2. Political corruption – Political corruption is the abuse of public power, office or resources by elected government officials for personal gain a political cartoon from Harper’s weekly Janary 26th 1878 depicting U.S . secretary of the interior Carl Schurz investigating the Indian Bureau at the U.S department of the interior. The original caption for the cartoon is “ THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR INVESTIGATING THE INDIAN BUREAU. GIVE HIM HIS DUE AND GIVE THEM THEIR DUES”
Causes of corruption -
cause of corruption are basically rotted deep into the political culture of BANGLADESH also due to the mass psychology under this types of political rule mass people of BANGLADESH are mostly illiterate, uneducated and there are common cause of corruption that is lack of civic senses.
Effect of corruption –
There is a bad effect of corruption in our country. Many people of our country are hampered from corruption now in our country every sectors are corrupted by some people who try to take the advantage from this and for this reason our government our economic system are hampered and for this reason we are TWO times champion in corruption. That is so insulting for our country, for corruption our country can not prosper. Bangladesh is a lower developing country and for corruption there are
Historical Background of the Municipalities of Bangladesh: An Analysisiosrjce
This paper attempts to focuses on the historical development of local government particularly the
growth of municipality and its administration in Bangladesh. Present arrangement of the local government is
the outcome of gradual evolution of several hundred years. The existence of local government in the Indian
subcontinent dates from approximately 1200 BC. But during the Mughal regime, an immense attention had been
paid to the growth of rural and urban local government institution. Local government in modern sense was,
however, started during the British period.
In modern industrial economies, the budget is the key instrument for the execution of government economic policies. A government budget is often passed by the legislature, & approved by the chief executive-or president. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed & collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal & county revenues, while sales tax &/or income tax are the basis for state revenues, & income tax & corporate tax are the basis for national revenues.
Digital bangladesh and application of MIS in ITRafid Anjum
This is about the application of Management Information system on Information Technology to make the 7th Five Year Plan successful and achieve the vision 21 appropriately. Which is set through the Digital Bangladesh by 2021 challenge.
,
organs of the government of bangladesh
,
government: concept
,
legislature of bangladesh
,
limitations of the executive organ in bd
,
judiciary organ of bangladesh
,
functions of judicial organ of bangladesh
,
functions of executive organ of bangladesh
,
how to make judiciary more effective in bangladesh
What is Corruption :
corruption can occur in difference scales. There is corruption that occurs as small fvours between a small number of people, corruption that affects the govt. on a large scale and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society
Scales of Corruption :
There are three types of corruption. Given below
1.petty corruption – petty corruption occur at a smaller scale and with in established social farm works and governing firms
2.Grand corruption - Grand is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political legal and economic system
3. Systemic corruption – Systemic corruption is corruption which is primirally due to the weakness of an organization or process
corruption in different sectors :
There are five types of corruption we can see in different sector of in our country. Such as govt/ public sector, political corruption, judicial corruption, police corruption, Unions.
Now we describe Public sector and political sectors corruption
1.Govt. corruption : Day by day corruption increase in GOVT. sector because of some corrupted officer’s and people’s. public sector corruption includes corruption of the political process and of government agencies such as the police as well as corruption in process of allocating public funds for contracts grants and hiring “ recent research by the world bank suggests that who makes policy decisions ( elected official or bureaucrats ) can be critical in determining the level of corruption because of the incentives different policy-makers face”
2. Political corruption – Political corruption is the abuse of public power, office or resources by elected government officials for personal gain a political cartoon from Harper’s weekly Janary 26th 1878 depicting U.S . secretary of the interior Carl Schurz investigating the Indian Bureau at the U.S department of the interior. The original caption for the cartoon is “ THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR INVESTIGATING THE INDIAN BUREAU. GIVE HIM HIS DUE AND GIVE THEM THEIR DUES”
Causes of corruption -
cause of corruption are basically rotted deep into the political culture of BANGLADESH also due to the mass psychology under this types of political rule mass people of BANGLADESH are mostly illiterate, uneducated and there are common cause of corruption that is lack of civic senses.
Effect of corruption –
There is a bad effect of corruption in our country. Many people of our country are hampered from corruption now in our country every sectors are corrupted by some people who try to take the advantage from this and for this reason our government our economic system are hampered and for this reason we are TWO times champion in corruption. That is so insulting for our country, for corruption our country can not prosper. Bangladesh is a lower developing country and for corruption there are
Historical Background of the Municipalities of Bangladesh: An Analysisiosrjce
This paper attempts to focuses on the historical development of local government particularly the
growth of municipality and its administration in Bangladesh. Present arrangement of the local government is
the outcome of gradual evolution of several hundred years. The existence of local government in the Indian
subcontinent dates from approximately 1200 BC. But during the Mughal regime, an immense attention had been
paid to the growth of rural and urban local government institution. Local government in modern sense was,
however, started during the British period.
In modern industrial economies, the budget is the key instrument for the execution of government economic policies. A government budget is often passed by the legislature, & approved by the chief executive-or president. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed & collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal & county revenues, while sales tax &/or income tax are the basis for state revenues, & income tax & corporate tax are the basis for national revenues.
Digital bangladesh and application of MIS in ITRafid Anjum
This is about the application of Management Information system on Information Technology to make the 7th Five Year Plan successful and achieve the vision 21 appropriately. Which is set through the Digital Bangladesh by 2021 challenge.
11.problems and possibilities of good governance in bangladesh hurdles to ach...
Similar to e-governance and District Administration in Bangladesh: An Overview of Recent Changes on Service Delivery (A case study on Cox’s Bazar Zila Parishad)
Successful factors determining the significant relationship between e-governa...riyaniaes
Every government's major objective is to provide the greatest services in order to establish efficiency and quality of performance. Syria's government has understood how critical it is to go in the direction of information technology. However, there are gaps and poor links across government sectors, which has tainted the image of Syrian e-governance. As a result, one of the main aims of this study is to figure out what factors impact Syrians' acceptance of the e-government system. A total of 600 questionnaires were delivered to Syrian individuals as part of a survey. The data was analysed using the structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS version 21.0. User intention to utilise an e-government system was shown to be influenced by performance expectations, effort expectations, system flexibility, citizens-centricity, and facilitating conditions. Assurance, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, and empathy are five fundamental factors that have a major impact on government operation excellence. Behavioural Intention is being utilised as a mediator between the government operation excellence (GOE) initiative and the e-government platform.
Promoting transparency in university administration through e governanceVijay Bhaskar
The advances in information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities to transform the relationship between universities, students and other stake holders in new ways that contribute to the attainment of good governance. They provide choices for the universities and its stake holders to involve in the process of governance at all levels. They facilitate larger participation and better service delivery, thus making governance more efficient and effective. In addition, e-governance may lower transaction costs both for the university and its stake holders. E-governance presents many avenues for improving administrative trans- parency and performance efficiency. It has opened up new opportunities for universities to manage things differently and in a more efficient manner by utilizing information and re-engineering the processes. Many universities have launched specific initiatives for transparent administration. Students are being perceived as clients rather than beneficiaries. The Internet revolution has proved to be a powerful tool for student-centric governance of universities. An important dimension of the Internet potential is the possibility of providing educational services anytime, anywhere. This paper investigates the role of e-governance in promoting trans- parent administration in the universities.
The study investigated the practices of organisations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with regards to G2C egovernment maturity. It reveals that e-government G2C initiatives in the surveyed countries in particular, and arguably around the world in general, are progressing slowly because of the lack of a trusted and secure medium to authenticate the identities of online users. The authors conclude that national ID schemes will play a major role in helping governments reap the benefits of e-government if the three advanced technologies of smart card, biometrics and public key infrastructure (PKI) are utilised to provide a reliable and trusted authentication medium for e-government services.
The concept of local e-Government has become a key factor for delivering services in an efficient, cost
effective, transparent and convenient way, in circumstances where a) citizens do not have enough time
available to communicate with local authorities in order to perform their responsibilities and needs, and
b) information and communication technologies significantly facilitate administrative procedures and
citizens-government interaction. This paper aims to identify e-services that local authorities provide, and
to investigate their readiness for delivering these services. A pilot research has been conducted to identify
the offer of e-services by local authorities, along with e-readiness in municipalities of the Pelagonia
region in the Republic of Macedonia. The survey was carried out by means of structured interview
questions based on a modified model proposed by Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development – web
analysis of municipal websites in the region has been conducted, as well. The study reveals uneven
distribution according to the age group of users, lack of reliability and confidence for processing the needs
and requests electronically by a large part of the population, and improperly developed set of ICT tools by
local governments for providing a variety of services that can be fully processed electronically.
This presentation contain data for e government services which is very important part of our digital world
Similar to e-governance and District Administration in Bangladesh: An Overview of Recent Changes on Service Delivery (A case study on Cox’s Bazar Zila Parishad) (20)
Hindu women have no identity by means of property ownership at all. A daughter is not the heir of her father’s possessions, a wife has succession to her husband’s assets if she give birth at least a son; a mother also gain assets of son but under the condition that such properties cannot be treated as stridhana. It implies that a Hindu woman in Bangladesh goes through an ever-dependent lifecycle. However, recent verdict from the High Court on Hindu widows’ rights to own deceased husband’s both cultivable and non-cultivable properties is undoubtedly a justice against age-long legal discriminatory norm prevailing among the Hindus in Bangladesh. Writer attempts find out the limitations of Hindu family laws in Bangladesh to establish women's right to property.
Quick digital revolution in Bangladesh ensures access to internet for almost everyone but in an unfiltered way. Hardly people in Bangladesh have fair knowledge about safe use of internet. Opportunists and information terrorists grasped the weakness to spread rumours using social media sites to achieve personal and socio-political gains.
The writer think here that the superstition-free mindset is not less important than medical colleges. Nurturing free thinking is equally important to feeding empty stomachs. Capacity building to resist evil agenda in community is more necessary than dams on rivers. Knowing the fact in the era of information technology, need to be considered as one of the basic needs like food, clothes, shelter, education and medicine.
Rape increased at an alarming rate in Bangladesh. Majority of victims are girls below 14. It is wise to strike the iron when it is hot and people of all spheres need to loud their voice against this heinous practice.
A pseudonymous “Hercules” emerged as serial killer to hunt rapists in January-February but disappeared after taking couple of revenges. The humanist groups and a portion of civil society were seen aloud against such ‘serial killing’. But Hercules was the man more sinned against than sinning and possibly needed in action as long as rapists gaze in our society.
Election Manifesto Slogans: It's people's discretion to choose the bestAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The manifesto slogan washes people's 'brain' more than their 'eyes'. It can be termed as the 'magic bullet' of political agenda, if explained with the communication theory of Harold Lasswell. It is proven fact that people seek their sentiments like nationalism, priority to religious practices they believe in, individual and national securities etc. in their immediate next ruler's commitments.
RMG Sector Risk Management and Social Compliances in BangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
RMG (Ready Made Garment) is the largest exporting industry in Bangladesh. Over the past twenty years, the number of manufacturing units has grown from 180 to over 3600. The sector has also played a significant role in the socio-economic development of the country. Since it is a highly labor intensive industry, the sector is also the largest industrial employer in the country with around 3.6 million people directly working in these factories. This high density of workers results in a large number of injuries and fatalities in the event of an accident. (Wadud, Huda, Ahmed,2013). Despite the various measures, rules and regulations implemented in the past decades, there are still several instances of fire outbreak in the garment factories every year, resulting in significant losses of lives, livelihoods (through injuries), equipments and materials (Ahmed and Hossain 2009). This paper is designed to seek various risks in RMG sector of Bangladesh, and mechanism to manage those risks along with social compliance issues as an important accelerator of RMG sector efficiencies.
Force field analysis on current law and order situation in bangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Sociologist Kurt Lewin developed a 'force field analysis' model (1951) which describes any current level of performance or being as a state of equilibrium between the driving forces that encourage upward movement and the restraining forces that discourage it. Essentially this means that a current equilibrium exists because the forces acting for change are balanced by the forces acting against change.The driving forces are (usually) positive, reasonable, logical, conscious and economic. The restraining forces are (usually) negative, emotional, illogical, unconscious and social/psychological. Both sets of forces are very real and need to be taken into account when dealing with change, or managing change, or reacting to change. This paper contains force field analysis on current law and order situation of Bangladesh.
Book review on The Public Sector: Concepts, Models and Approaches By Jan-Erik...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
In the book “The Public Sector”, Jan-Erik Lane discussed entirely about various aspect of Public administration. He traced back the root of Public Administration and illustrated the long of it to come till Public Choice phase. He entirely gave glance at the organograms of the government, reform initiatives to cope with politico-economic global stance as well as suggestions about the acceptance of the is and the tough meaning the normative and theoretical part of administration . Besides, introduction and conclusion parts, the book fourteen distinct chapters containing fourteen different issues.
As a part of my regular academic activities, I was assigned by Dr. Ferdous Arfina Osman, my honourable course teacher , to review the book “The Public Sector ” written by Jan-Erik Lane .
Hope, this review with will give a compact and clear notion about the book.
Approaches to Development Planning in Bangladesh: from 5 year plan to PRSP an...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Bangladesh first introduced the "five-year development plan" in July 1973, which continued until 2002. The government introduced the PRSP as advised by donors in July 2005 setting a target to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) by the year 2015. Due to criticism from different quarters on the shortcomings in the ongoing PRSP, the government has taken the initiative to change the nation's public investment policy.
The government has decided to reintroduce the five-year development plan after the implementation period of the ongoing poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP) ends in July 2011.
As a part of my regular academic activities, I was assigned by Professor Dr. Akter Hossain, my honourable course teacher , to complete an assiggnment on “Approaches to Development Planning in Bangladesh: from 5 year plan to PRSP and again reverting back to 5 year plan.”
Defining a performance management system for internal resource division (ird)Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The concept of performance measurement has not yet been taken it’s root in Bangladesh except performance based reward system in National Board of Revenue (NBR) and the culture of Annual Confidential Report (ACR), but it is necessary to introduce a result based performance management system in every public sector institutions and divisions. Internal Resources Division (IRD) is one of the Divisions under Ministry of Finance, for which I am going to suggest a performance management system through this assignment.
Book Review on PROPHET OF INNOVATION: JOSEPH SCHUMPETER AND CREATIVE DESTRUCT...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction by Thomas K. McCraw records the life of one of the 20th century’s most original and insightful scholars, Joseph Schumpeter. This biography is the clearest and most comprehensive guide to Schumpeter’s life and work and the turbulence of his time which has, like the classic business cycle, come round again. As a part of my regular academic activities under, I was assigned by Professor Dr. Rasheduzzaman, my honourable course teacher , to review the book “Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction by Thomas K. McCraw” . Hope, this review with will give a compact and clear notion about the the book.
Kautilya (4th century BC), also known as Vishnugupta and Chanakya , was the key adviser to the Indian king Chandragupta Maurya (317–293 B.C.E.), who first united the Indian subcontinent in empire . Kautilya was a professor at Taxila University and later the prime minister of the Maurya Empire. Kautilya's Arthashastra is the oldest book on Management available to the world. When literally translated, it means 'Scripture of Wealth'. The main focus of the book is on creation and management of wealth. Actually, the book is a masterpiece which covers a wide range of topics like statecraft, politics,military warfare,strategy,selection and training of employees, leadership skills, legal systems, accounting systems, taxation, fiscal policies, civil rules, internal and foreign trade etc. It also covers various technical subjects including medicine, gemology, metallurgy, measures of length, tables of weights, divisions of time, among many others.
Financial Autonomy and Central-local relationship at Union Parishad Level in ...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The origin of the root level local government bears a long history in this subcontinent. The existence of village councilors can be traced out from Kautillya’s Arthashastra during Mauriyan dynasty .
It is Union Parishad that is the grass root level administrative organ of the government in Bangladesh . It is known fact that the local body like union parishad should have autonomy in both financial and administrative decision making . But in fact , in Bangladesh, this important tier of local government is highly dominated and controlled by the central government .
As a part of academic curriculum, I was assigned to conduct a field work on financial autonomy , central-local relationship at union level in Bangladesh . The findings of my field work are discussed in this assignment .
Women’s Empowerment and Participation in Local Government Institutions [Unio...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Women in Bangladesh live in such social system where socialization process plays an influential role to push them in an inferior and a subordinate position in society. This socialization process starts almost with the birth of a child. Through differential treatment in their everyday lives which vary by sex, a sex identity is acquired. This socialization process associates girls with the immediate environment inside home, and boys with wider environment. And this results in future with an unfavorable attitude of women towards politics. Women’s equal participation in political life plays a pivotal role in the general process of the advancement of women. It is not only a demand for simple justice or democracy but can also be seen as a necessary condition for women’s interests to be taken into account. Without the active participation of women and the incorporation of women’s perspective at all levels of decision-making, the goals of equality, development and peace cannot be achieved.
In the first part of this assignment (Part-A) I discussed the conceptual issues about union parishad including definition, evolution , functions etc, . In Part –B , I discussed briefly about Gundhar union parishad , it’s composition and women participation based on the opinions of women members in Gundhar union parishad and in the final part (Part-C) the problems and recommendations were mentioned .
Writ Jurisdiction and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in BangladeshAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Writ Jurisdiction is the instrument for enforcement of fundamental rights. A writ is only permitted when the defendant has no other adequate remedy, such as an appeal.
For the enforcement of fundamental rights one has to move the Supreme Court or the High Courts directly by invoking Writ Jurisdiction of these courts. But the high cost and complicated procedure involved in litigation, however, makes equal access to jurisdiction in mere slogan in respect of millions of destitute and underprivileged masses stricken by poverty, illiteracy and ignorance. The Supreme Court of India, pioneered the Public Interest Litigation (PIL) thereby throwing upon the portals of courts to the common man.
As a part of my academic activities, I’ve completed this assignment on writ jurisdictions and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) .
Risk Management and Social compliance issues in Ready Made Garment (RMG) Sect...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
In this slide, I widely discussed about different issues related to risks of RMG workers in Bangladesh. Available international and national measures in protecting their right and safety. I tried to represent basic concept of social compliance, it's necessity of application for RMG laborers as well as current status of those issues.
Contribution of Kautilya , Confucius, Ibn Khaldun and Max Weber on State , Ad...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Kautilya looked at the country like a person surrounded by problems. He worked at the total annihilation of problems by the roots. His foresight and wide knowledge coupled with politics of expediency founded the mighty Mauryan Empire in India. He was a great laureate of economics with a glittering intellect to perceive the intricate dynamics of the various economic activities and principles.
Confucius sought to explain the decay of society in terms of the deterioration of morals. Confucian society was necessarily bureaucratic and hierarchical, with the state being stronger than civil society.
Ibn Khaldun discussed a variety of topics like History and Historiography. His theory about Asbyiah (group feeling and solidarity ) and the role that it plays in Bedouin societies is insightful. His theories of the science of Umran (sociology) are all pearls of wisdom. His Introduction is his greatest legacy that he left for all of humanity and the generations to come .
While Max Weber, a German social scientist, who had contributed regarding the formulation of “liberal imperialism” in 1895. Weber created a methodology and a body of literature dealing with the sociology of religion, political parties, and the economy, as well as studies of formal organizations, small-group behaviour, and the philosophy of history. His work continues to stimulate scholarship.
This assignment contains their biography , their contributions in brief , relationship of their contributions with modern state , administration and governance process and the contrast of those features with modern ones .
Since the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, the goals have become the international standard of reference for measuring and tracking improvements in the human condition in developing countries. The Goals are backed by a political mandate agreed to by the leaders of all UN member states. They offer a comprehensive and multidimensional development framework and set clear quantifiable targets to be achieved by 2015. ( Alam : 2006 )
The importance of a well-performing public administration was reiterated in Resolution 57/277 of the General Assembly on Public Administration and Development which states that “an efficient, accountable, effective and transparent public administration, at both the national and international levels, has a key role to play in the implementation of internationally agreed goals, including the MDGs”.
I have prepared this paper
on “Achieving MDGs using
New Public Management Approach ” .
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2010 (“the Policy”) comes in a series of education policies dating back to the very inception of the country in 17577. The review process for the National Education Policy 1998-2010 was initiated in 2005 and the first document, the White Paper was finalized in March 2007. The White Paper became the basis for development of the Policy document. Before it’s independence , Bangladesh got about 14 commissions regarding education which includes 9 in British period and other 5 in Pakistan Period
Job satisfaction level among public and private university teachersAhasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The study of behaviors within organizational setting has highlighted critical variables that are supportive or detrimental to the performance of workforce.
The overall performance of universities depends upon their teachers and ultimately their level of commitment and job satisfaction. Thus understanding their behaviors and attitudes needs more attention in organizations. (Tsui & Cheng, 1999).
A successful educational system requires a high quality teaching staff. It is well known that for the proper education in the country, high quality teachers are a primary necessity.
At present there are 82 public and private universities in Bangladesh. The numbers of public universities are 31 while private universities are 51. The first public university is The University of Dhaka, established in 1921. The establishment of private university is relatively a new phenomenon in this country. In early 1990s, private sector came forward to establish universities. Since then country experienced a spectacular growth in private universities– they were mostly in and around Dhaka.
One of these factors is job satisfaction, which has been studied widely by organizational researchers and has been linked to organizational commitment as well as to organizational performance (Ostroff, 1992 and Mathieu).
e-Governance is the ICT-enabled route to achieving good governance.
An e-library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks.
As a part of my regular academic activities under the course “Globalization and Governance (PA-322)”, I was assigned to plan for making department’s seminar an e-library .
This document contains an e-Library Manifesto which introduces the relevant ‘systems’. It describes the main concepts characterising these systems, i.e., content, user, functionality, quality, policy and architecture. It also describes the reference frameworks needed to clarify the e-Library Reference Architecture.
This e-library will meet the needs and passions of teachers and students and the learning styles of the latter of the department .
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Canadian Immigration Tracker March 2024 - Key SlidesAndrew Griffith
Highlights
Permanent Residents decrease along with percentage of TR2PR decline to 52 percent of all Permanent Residents.
March asylum claim data not issued as of May 27 (unusually late). Irregular arrivals remain very small.
Study permit applications experiencing sharp decrease as a result of announced caps over 50 percent compared to February.
Citizenship numbers remain stable.
Slide 3 has the overall numbers and change.
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
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e-governance and District Administration in Bangladesh: An Overview of Recent Changes on Service Delivery (A case study on Cox’s Bazar Zila Parishad)
1. 1 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
e-governance and District Administration
in Bangladesh: An Overview of Recent
Changes on Service Delivery (A case
study on Cox’s Bazar Zila Parishad)
Md. Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
Department of Public Administration
University of Dhaka
Department of Public Administration
University of Dhaka
2. 2 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Acknowledgement
I am grateful to my respectable teachers Dr. Mobasser Monem, Dr. Ferdous Arfina Osman and
Sayeda Lasna Kabir, Professors of Department of Public Administration ,University of Dhaka
for arranging our visit to Cox’s Bazar Zila Parishad.
Special thanks goes to Cox’s Bazar district authorities for providing me with various
information and documents.
3. 3 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Introduction
Today’s world is shaped by availability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Because global economy is powered by technology, fueled by information and driven by
knowledge. This rapid change demands a dynamic renovation in Bangladesh also.
Introduction of e-Government in a phased way, with clearly defined objectives, responsibilities
of public officials, and performance evaluation systems can set the basics right for combating
corruption and ensuring effective use of public resources, thus alleviating poverty. Furthermore,
it can strengthen information flow among government agencies and within the private sector
and civil society.
As we all know, information is power in today’s world. Secrecy and opaqueness obstruct the
process of sharing information. Many of the frustrations that citizens encounter in their interface
with the government in Bangladesh could be removed through the increased practice of e-
Government. This will also pave the way for greater openness, transparency, and accountability
in government performance.
Bangladesh is divided into 64 districts. Citizens must apply at District Headquarters for various
licenses and certificates. This had been burdensome with middlemen benefitting from a lack of
transparency and district offices overwhelmed with the paper-based system. With the
introduction of e-governance , it becomes easy for people to get their desired service from DC
offices with a single click. This paper described the e-service system provided by zilla offices in
Bangladesh citing the example of Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh.
e- Governance
What is eGovernment? eGovernment is the utilization of IT, ICTs, and other web-based
telecommunication technologies to improve and/or enhance on the efficiency and effectiveness
of service delivery in the public sector.’ (Jeong, 2007)
eGovernment can be defined as the application of information and communication technology
(ICT) to improve the efficiency, responsiveness, transparency, and accountability of
government. Common applications of eGovernment include online delivery of government
information and services, computerized licensing and registration, web-based tender notification
and procurement, web-enabled complaints submission, and online public comment for draft
legislation. eGovernment aims to streamline relationships between government, business, and
citizens through effective use of ICT. While computerization and networking among computers
is an important first step towards eGovernment, it is not an end in itself. That is, e-Government
is not just about being able to type documents using computers. Computerization can only be
characterized as eGovernment where ICT automation replaces inefficient manual government
processes and thereby contributes to greater transparency and greater time and cost efficiency in
the provision of government services to citizens and businesses.
4. 4 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Components of e-Government : e-Government has four major components:
1. G2C (Government-to-Citizen) involves interaction of individual citizens with the
government. Examples include payment of utility bills or downloading government forms from
the Internet. It also includes mechanisms for citizen feedback and questions.
2. G2B (Government-to-Business) involves interaction of business entities with the
government. Examples include corporate tax filing or government procurement through the
Internet.
3. G2G (Government-to-Government) involves interaction among government officials,
including interactions within a particular government office and interactions among various
government offices. Examples include the use of email for internal government communication
or customized software applications for tracking the progress of government projects.
4. G2E (Government-to-Employee) involves interaction between the government and
government employees with respect to services such as salary, pension, and vacation leave. For
example, a government may introduce a database-supported personnel data sheet for each
government employee that serves as a record of personnel information that can be easily
accessed for various applications.
Figure : Model of e-G Actors
Stages of e-Governance : e-governance comprises of four phases . These are :
Phase-1: Information (1 way communication)
• Being present on the web
• Providing actors with information
• Similar to brochure or leaflet
• Publicly accessible
• Process of transparency starts which improves democracy and services
• Internally also disseminate information, rules and regulations, increases transparency
5. 5 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Phase 2: Interaction(two way com)
• Interaction starts between Govt. and citizens and business people
• People can ask questions, use search engines and can download
• Internally Govt. uses LAN to share information, email to exchange data
• It saves time, becomes efficient and effective
• But you still have to go to the office in person
• Finalizing transaction, paying fees, handing over papers
Phase 3: Transaction starts
• Complexity starts but service value is high
• People do not have to go to offices
• Online services are filling income tax, renewal of licenses, visa, passports, online voting
• It is complex because digital signature is not excepted in most of the countries.
• Internally Govt. has to create new laws, rule and regulations, legislation of paperless
transactions,
• But it saves time, paper and money.
Phase 4: Transformation
• All information systems are integrated and people can get services at one counter
• Single point of contact is the motto.
• The complex aspect is to change the culture, processes, responsibility etc.
• Government employees in different department have to work together.
• Cost savings, efficiency and customer satisfaction are reaching highest possible levels.
Figure : Stages of e-G : Increasing value to citizen
6. 6 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
e-Government in Bangladesh
Why eGovernment for Bangladesh?- e-Government is no longer a matter of choice or
debate for Bangladesh or other countries that wish to improve governance standards. The key
policy considerations are not issues of technology but rather of political resolve. In Bangladesh
and other countries in Asia, eGovernment has brought about important transformations in the
manner in which governments operate and provide services to citizens and businesses.
The tangible benefits that eGovernment can bring to broader governance reform and economic
development initiatives in Bangladesh include:
Transparency: eGovernment promotes greater transparency in government activities.
Having ranked poorly in Transparency International’s Global Corruption Perceptions
Index, Bangladesh must undertake strong measures to enhance its international image
and commitment to reduce corruption.
Helps increase investor confidence: Improved transparency in government decision-
making and other actions raises investor confidence, which in turn contributes to
increased foreign direct and domestic investment.
Reduces scope for corruption: Increased transparency reduces the scope for corruption.
Combating corruption is a top priority for all political parties and e-Government can
provide an effective tool in reducing corruption.
More efficient governance: eGovernment helps to make the procedures of government
internal processes more efficient, saving time and resources.
More efficient services to citizens: eGovernment enables the government to respond to
citizen needs and demands faster and more efficiently.
Helps boost the private sector: eGovernment helps to boost private sector performance
and efficiency by reducing the time and expenses required for businesses to interact with
the government—with particular benefits to the business environment for small and
medium enterprises (SMEs). In addition, the simplification of government processes and
services such as online procurement helps to reduce barriers to entry for new businesses
and increases competition.
Allows for decentralization of governance: e-Government makes decentralization of
government services and decision-making easier, since data stored in digital format can
be updated and accessed from virtually any office within a networked environment.
Allows greater scope for integration: Digital storage of data and software applications
provides greater scope for the integration of activities of different government offices, as
data can be shared easily and efficiently.
Allows learning from the past: Since e-Government allows data to be stored and
retrieved easily, the record and experience of past projects can be easily used for
successor projects or the replication of successful initiatives.
Stimulates the local ICT industry: e-Government projects also provide valuable
experience to the local ICT industry that enhances competitiveness in an international
market.
Makes ICT relevant to the masses: e-Government makes ICT relevant to the general
population as its benefits gradually extend to citizens and communities throughout the
country.
7. 7 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Overview of e-Government in Bangladesh : Bangladesh is a small country with a
population of more than 135 million people. It was part of
India until 1947 and then part of Pakistan until 1971, when it achieved independence. As a
young nation, Bangladesh began its journey as a socialist economy that placed most major
industries under government ownership and control. This trend was especially adverse for the
country’s telecommunication industry, which has yet to fully recover from years of inefficient
management by the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB). As of 2002,
telephone penetration (fixed and mobile) had reached only 1.32 per 100 people, far below that
of neighbors India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Telephone lines are heavily concentrated in urban
areas. BTTB charges for telephone calls are among the highest in the world, with the costs of
Internet access through dial-up services commensurably expensive. Due to some shortsighted
decisions by the government, Bangladesh is still not directly connected to the Global
Information Superhighway, leaving ISPs to connect to it through satellite or Very Small
Aperture Terminals (VSATs).
Completed in 1994-5, and running successfully since, the railway ticketing system automation
was the one of first noticeable large-scale e-Government projects in Bangladesh, and was a
major milestone in the path of e-Government. Since then, a fairly large number of different
initiatives have been taken by the government for the implementation of e-Government.
Initially, there was a clear emphasis on building ICT infrastructure, possibly deemed as a pre-
requisite to the delivery of e-citizen services. However, despite some successes, many of these
e-government projects did not sustain in the long run due to lack of long-term visions for those
projects, and myriad other challenges. Over time, the government modified its approach and
undertook strategies to address some of those challenges. Increasing number of citizen centric
e-services projects was gradually undertaken. However, due to various factors, many of those
projects had limited scope, and interoperability and integration between those services were
largely absent. In the era of the present government, a confluence of favorable factors has been
playing a positive role towards a renewed vigor towards the prospects of e-Government.
8. 8 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Late 1990s to 2006: Early efforts started in mid 1990s, when the government automated the
railway ticketing system. Another notable project from this period was the e-birth registration
project under Rajshahi City Corporation in 2001, which made the process significantly faster
and more efficient. Another early success was the automation of BANBEIS, which included
GIS mapping of all schools and detailed information regarding them (including logistics,
teachers, etc.), enabling unprecedented efficiency in education planning. It can easily be
noticed, however, that each of these projects were essentially the automation of existing
government processes. While these increased efficiency in the respective agencies, they were
not necessarily targeted towards empowerment of citizens through easy and open access to
information and government services.
This trend of infrastructure building and process automation continued in a more coordinated
manner from2002-03, with the formation of the Support to ICT (SICT) Task Force Project, a
publicly funded implementation arm of the National ICT Task Force based at the Planning
Commission. SICT functioned like an internal facilitator which conceptualized, planned and
prioritized projects, and provided funding and technical assistance to line ministries to
implement them. SICT undertook a total of 38 projects, approximately 63% of which were
focused primarily on internal automation and infrastructure building, and has completed 34 so
far . Another public entity, the Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC), provided key support
with respect to infrastructure development, technical assistance and capacity building for
various e-Government initiatives.
The first full-fledged ICT policy of Bangladesh, a major milestone in the path to e-Government,
was passed in 2002, following the then Prime Minister's declaration of ICT as a 'thrust sector'.
The document was focused heavily on ICT infrastructure building, process automation and
creating an enabling environment. The policy, therefore, was literally largely an 'ICT policy',
and not an e-government policy per se, although it represented the de-facto e-Government
policy until 2009. The policy adequately reflects the approach of the government towards e-
Government for much of this period (until 2006) - as being limited to ICT capacity and
infrastructure development, and not as a core development and governance issue. Many of the
projects initiated by the SICT or the line ministries themselves during this period did not sustain
in the long run.
In May 2008, a Review Committee formed by the Caretaker Government found that out of the
103 policy directives of 2002, only 8 were fully or largely accomplished, 61 were partially
accomplished and 34 remained unaddressed. Some of the prime reasons and challenges that led
these early e-Government initiatives to lack of sustainability include the followings:
2006 to 2009: Since 2006, with the caretaker government taking over, a gradual shift was
noticed in the approach to e-Government. The top-down approach to planning was gradually
being replaced by more participatory approach within different entities of the government. It
was increasingly realized that without internal demand and ownership generated through a
planning process, success with such projects, which required extensive change management,
could not be achieved.
9. 9 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
An entity, which played an important role in this shift, was the Access to Information (A2I)
Programme at the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). The programme was initiated in 2006 with
support from UNDP to support the e-Government Cell at the PMO.
Although A2I was not directly in charge of implementing e-Government projects, it took
significant initiatives to generate internal bureaucratic demand for e-Government, such as the
series of workshops which led to 53 e-Citizen services being committed to by the secretaries of
various ministries and divisions in June 2008. Similarly, 64 e-Citizen services were later
identified by District Commissioners (DCs) for implementation. A2I also provided continuous
technical support and consultation to these projects. A list of A2I initiatives is available in A2I
Programme website .
Apart from projects facilitated by the A2I, there have also been an increasing number of
projects being initiated by different divisions and ministries themselves, which insinuate a
substantial increase of the administration's demand for e-Government. This demand is likely to
increase further with recent initiatives like the Digital Innovation Fair, which required ministries
and departments to showcase their e-Government projects and e-services, and are likely to
create a sense of competition between ministries.
The shift from infrastructure building towards e-citizen services is clear from the following
chart, which is a breakdown of the primary objectives of e-Government projects under various
umbrellas at different points in time (SICT projects, 53 'quick win' projects identified by
Secretaries in the A2I workshop, and the projects showcased at the Digital Innovation Fair in
March 2010) .
2010 and beyond : Recent developments yield indications that e-Government is moving to the
next phase in Bangladesh, away from isolated e-services towards more integrated, connected
and transactional e-services. The present government came to power with the pledge of building
a "Digital Bangladesh", and has kept consistent focus on this promise thus far. This has resulted
in a political climate highly supportive of and conducive to e-government projects.
A very recent initiative, the Digital Innovation Fair, born out of the A2I program at the PMO,
took this opportunity and showcased the various successful and ongoing projects undertaken by
the Ministries, effectively putting government agencies in a competitive environment and
giving citizens an unprecedented opportunity to witness what services the Government is
providing, thereby creating a demand for these services.
Apart from the political will, which is undoubtedly a critical element for success, several other
favorable factors have also propitiously converged in recent times:
a) The planning and implementation of the 'quick win' projects has possibly led to a fresh and
profound understanding within the bureaucracy about the meaning and ultimate aims of e-
Government.
b) A structured policy and regulatory environment, brought about through the creation and
passage of the new ICT Policy 2009 and the ICT Act 2009, can play an enabling role for current
and new e-government projects.
10. 10 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
c) New opportunities for growth of e-commerce: Bangladesh Bank has recently taken initiative
to open up the online e-payment gateway, which was a vital missing link for e-commerce in
Bangladesh. A new e-payment system called "MobiTaka" has also been recently started by
GrameenPhone, and it is already being used for mobile-based payment for intercity train tickets.
This promises to open up the vast territory of e-commerce, and encourage private sector
involvement.
d) Most ministries have undergone extensive internal process automation and infrastructure
development projects, which are usually the most resource consuming, and most of these
projects have been completed. There have also been demonstrated successes in the creation and
deployment of e-services. All this sets the stage for integrating the front-end services with
automated backend processes, through holistic planning, and improving the quality and
efficiency of e-services.
e) The modality of private sector involvement is also undergoing a paradigm shift, from vendor-
like approaches towards public-private partnerships (PPPs), following demonstrated successes
of this new model like the customs house automation project. Private software companies are
recognizing the business potential in automating government services and making them more
accessible, and the government is also encouraging the private sector to come forward in
implementing various projects (not specifically e-government ones as yet) as partners.
f) The government is in the process of developing a policy document that will highlight the
immediate priorities for Digital Bangladesh. This will help detail out the strategic approach and
timeline for e-government for the next few years.
Despite these commendable initiatives and positive developments, which have improved the
climate and preparedness for e-Government, the following gaps and challenges remain which
must be overcome in order to make the most of this opportunity:
a) There is still need for e-Government champions at the top bureaucratic levels for effective
and dynamic decision making regarding e-Government.
b) A policy and legal framework for implementation of PPP e-government projects is still
missing, and needs to be developed in order for effectiveness and sustainability of such projects.
c) There is still no central coordinating authority for e-government, and tensions between the
various parties involved in e-Government implementation often results in suboptimal
performance due to lack of collaboration and integration of plans.
Administrative Structure of e-governmentin Bangladesh: The Prime Minister's Office
is providing high-level leadership with respect to e-Government strategy formulation. The
Planning Ministry is also involved with helping with strategy formulation and developing
coordinated approach to implementation. The National Digital Task Force, chaired by the
Honourable Prime Minister, has the responsibility for monitoring progress of e-Government
according to plans. The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister chairs the Executive
Committee of the Digital Task Force and the MoSICT acts as the Task Force's secretariat.
Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) under MoSICT has led the development of the ICT
Policy and the ICT Act and is also responsible for monitoring implementation and progress
towards Digital Bangladesh. All line Ministries have responsibilities for delivering specific
action items of e-Government. In this regard, each Ministry and Division has an e-Government
11. 11 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Focal Point responsible for planning, budgeting, implementing and monitoring of e-service
delivery and e-administration initiative and coordination among the subordinate agencies.
However, the responsibilities of Focal Points still remain largely theoretical since many of them
are not trained or prepared to be undertaking such tasks. There is also no coherent policy or plan
to train up the focal points. Another problem is that these focal points get transferred frequently
and there is no coherent policy or strategy for transferring knowledge.
e-Government at the Policy Level : e-Government in Bangladesh has only begun to be
discussed at the policy level. The National ICT Policy of 2002 gives due importance to the issue
of e-Government, declaring that “the Government shall use ICT systems within the public
administration to improve efficiency, reduce wastage of resources, enhance planning and raise
the quality of services.” The policy further provides that “the Government shall implement ICT
systems to provide nation-wide coverage and access by any citizen to the government databases
and administrative systems which can be used to extend public services to the remotest corner.”
To realize the goals set forth by the ICT Policy, an ICT Task Force has been formed, with the
Prime Minister as Chairperson and the Secretary of Ministry of Planning as Member-Secretary.
In 2003, the Ministry of Planning launched a “Support to ICT Task Force (SICT)” program,
with the mandate of providing administrative and secretarial support to the ICT Task Force in
realizing various ICT projects, particularly e-Government. The primary objective of the SICT
program is “to ensure access to information by every citizen to facilitate empowerment of
people and enhanced democratic values and norms for sustainable economic development by
using the infrastructure for human resources development, e-governance, public utility services
and all sorts of on-line ICT enabled services.” The objectives of the SICT program include:
Video-conferencing: Establish an alternate communication network, which will provide
optimal reliability and security of communication and enhance the speed and efficiency
of decision-making and follow-up actions.
Police: Facilitate improved communication between citizens and police and empower
police departments to better monitor and supervise police functions.
Digital Divisional Town: Provide electronic delivery of major citizen services, empower
local officials, introduce electronic services, and build cyber-kiosks to enhance citizen
access to government services.
Web Portals: Help citizens to improve their employment and income-generating
potential.
E-Government Initiatives: improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and
accountability of government through ICT applications.
The Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology (MSICT) is also
working to advance the computerization and internal networking of different government
offices, particularly at the Ministry and Division levels.
12. 12 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
e-Governance and district administration (Cox’s Bazar district)
This was unthinkable even a few months ago but the District E-service Centres have made this
possible. From these centres, people of all the 64 districts are now receiving multiple services
from the DC offices in an incredibly short time. Thanks to the government's much-talked-about
Access to Information (A2I) project aided by UNDP. Earlier, for getting any documents or
public services, people had to roam around the DC office for weeks and had to spend money
and time. Now the conventional office services have been replaced with e-service centres
equipped with information technology equipment. The total scenario of the DC offices has
changed altogether countrywide. Now one can hardly find a lot of people loitering in the
verandahs of different offices in the DC office compound or long queues there.
Over the last two hundred years, the DC offices have been the centres for all government
services for all the people residing in the rural and urban areas. There are about 37 types of
services provided from there which include licences, certificates, land documents, revenue,
enquiries, pension, education, relief, social welfare etc. By providing these services, the DC
office represents the central government at the grass-roots level. But unfortunately this highly
important place remained abysmal to the common people so far due to its century-old paper-
based office management system. The services provided there were very time consuming and
labour intensive for both the service provider and receiver. Furthermore, it caused frequent
delays and thus made way for abuse and corruption, and prohibited access for the poor,
marginalized and vulnerable.
Five steps to get e-service : To get e-service from district office, one have to follow five
steps which include :
Step -1 : At the beginning stage a person must have to enter the website of the district . i.e.
www.coxsbazar.gov.bd. From where s/he will be able to lo in using user name and pass word.
13. 13 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Step -2 : After entering the website all information of the district will be seen as below :
Step- 3 : After that, by clicking on document management he’ll be able to see details of the
documents including reception number .
Step-4 : DC visits the documents, read then and send them to respective magistrate . if they fail
to solve or take decision in time, DC can show cause him / her.
14. 14 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Step-5 : Final output and updated information of the district are seen on the notice board of the
website .
Besides above steps , from e-service icon citizens can get difference information about e-
services, e-books, agriculture information and different forms regarding services provided by
zila office.
15. 15 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
There is also a link of information regarding other institutions in the district including
educational institutions, religious institutions, banks and other clubs and organizations.
E-service provided an window to view all relevant public offices from following link:
16. 16 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
All information about zilla, it’s personnel and hierarchical positions and duties can be seen from
following link. Besides, it is easy to reach individual higher officials with a single click.
All information of the zilla can be seen from following link:
17. 17 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
E-service of the government reach at the root level of the local government. From following
link (marked in red ink) of the district website, it is possible to reach union level information
and services.
The website also contain clear instruction regarding how to get e-services, how these will be got
from postal system and how using internet.
18. 18 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Union Information Service Centre (UISC) : UISC emerged from its earlier version
known as CeC (Community e- Centre) is a Public Service Delivery Chanel at union level. In
2007, two Community e-Centre (CeC) was established as pilot under Democratic Government
Thematic Trust Fund (DGTTF) of UNDP. In early 2008, CeC has been included as a driver
project of UNDP supported Access to Information (a2i) Programme of Prime Minister’s Office.
In 2008, Local Government Division (LGD) started 30 CeCs in Union Parishad. In line with
that, LGD established UISCs in all Union Parishads of Bangladesh step by step. UNDP
supported Access to Information (a2i) Programme of Prime Minister’s Office plays a catalytic
role in this regard. Each UISC is operated by two local entrepreneurs – one female and one
male local youth - who have invested in the centre, and is supervised by the associated Union
Parishad which provides space and utilities. Union Parishad, or the Local Govt. Division also
borne some initial costs including basic equipments such as a computer, a printer, internet
modem and a webcam; the entrepreneurs are free to install additional facilities keeping pace
with business growth. Entrepreneurs are self-employed, they are not the paid employees of
Bangladesh Government, and they manage their life with their own income. These employment
opportunities created by the UISCs have stimulated thousands more employments in the
country.
Objectives: UISCs have been established with an aim to develop the UPs as reliable and
dependable resourceful centres having connectivity among global, national and local network.
More specific objectives are as follows-
To ensure easy access of common people to government and commercial and social
information and services
To create ICT infrastructure at all union parishads and to increase efficiency of union
parishads through prompt delivery of information and other day to day services.
To provide a supportive environment for creation of local entrepreneurs.
To ensure free flow of information for empowering rural community.
To create a vibrant, knowledge-based union parishad.
Services of UISC:
Popular Government Services:
• Public examination results
• Online university admission
• Government forms
• Birth and death registration
• Citizenship certificate
• VGD/VGF list
• Government circulars and notices
• Agriculture and health consultancy
• Govt. life insurance
• Services of DC office (35+)
Development (VGD, VGF, TR, minority welfare, Kabikha, sports & cultural activities,
development of educational institutions)
19. 19 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Revenue (Porcha, khas land distribution, Ashrayon, Non-agricultural land purchase, land
acquisition money, requisition, certificate suit, hat & bazaar, vested property, exchange
property, stamp vendor license, land survey)
-License (C.I Sheet, Cement, Poison, Food grain)
-Complain & remedy (pension, land, family affairs, law & orders)
-Relief & rehabilitation (Donation, grant, GR)
-Certification (marriage, NGO)
-Miscellaneous (Different committee approval, different appointments, dramatic performance,
expatriate welfare, examination matters)
Popular private services:
• Email
• Internet browsing
• Computer training
• English learning of British Council
• m-Banking (Dutch Bangla Bank, Mercantile Bank, Trust Bank, One Bank, bKash limited)
• Photography
• Job information
• Passport processing
• Visa application and tracking
• Service camp
• Video conference
• Print
• Scan
• Lamination
• Compose
• Photocopy
• Mobile service
• Height & weight measurement
• Deed writings
Partners of UISC: In order for UISCs to survive successfully in the long run, support from
various govt. and private organizations is being mobilized through partnerships, these entities
not only offer people oriented services through these centres, some of them also provides
hardware maintenance and other technical support to keep these centres operational. In the
forefront of such partnerships are public and private banks (e.g. Dutch Bangla, Mercantile
Bank) – powered by the upcoming online banking facilities, Life Insurance agency (e.g.
Jibonbima), telecommunications (e.g. Robi, Banglalink), non-govt. organizations (Dhaka
Ahsania Mission, Practical Action) and govt. agencies and projects (e.g. Cabinet Division,
Bangladesh Computer Council). A range of useful services (e.g. British Council’s English
learning) is available at the union level, and govt. agencies are benefitting by using the UISC
infrastructure and resources for data collection, registration for various schemes, transparent
beneficiary identification and disbursement of Social Safety Nets allowances, so on and so
forth.
20. 20 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Benefits of district e-services :
First. Lessen corruption : Previously it was very hard to reach to DC and a high level
officials. Thus bribery , red tapism and other corruption were available. Which are
decreased with the practice of e-governance at district level.
Second. Save time- as paper job is time consuming because it take time to prepare a paper
, preparing file and handover these from on official to other, it seems from the practice of
e-governance that by a single click a digital file can be downloaded / uploaded which
save time and money.
Third. Easy to get and send documents-all document regarding services provided by zilla
office are available at the website. So, it is easy to get them.
Fourth. Enrich efficiency and speed- It is given speed to public works as well as works as
a catalyst of ensuring efficiency of work that are done by officials at district level.
Fifth. Environment friendly-Internet based services consume to paper, mean no paper
usage therefore, there is no environment pollution.
Sixth. Easy to reach mass population using UISC-Through Union Information Service
Centre, zilla officers easily can reach root level population.
Seventh. Ensured transparency and accountability-It is the main success of e-governance
that transparency of all zilla officials are ensured. Because all official’s activities are
displayed in the website which also make them accountable.
Eighth. Easy to communicate with ministry –it makes easy for zilla officials to
communicate with ministries without delay.
Ninth. Decrease power distances- it ensures more friendly workable relation among
various level officials.
Tenth. IT skill developed among high level public officials-it is mandatory to have IT
knowledge of officials in order to ensure e-services . Therefore, all officers are now
skilled on IT operation.
Eleventh. Easy to fulfill the commitment of the government – government commitment
regarding public services are easily now fulfilled using electronic services as these save
time space and speed-up government machineries.
Deficiencies and recommendations
A major deficiency in e-Government in Bangladesh is the lack of innovative means of private
sector engagement. In view of the above, some of the key areas that need immediate attention of
the government are the following:
(i) Ensure of e-Government at all level public offices and treat as a core component of civil
service reform;
(ii) Coordinated approach to e-Government
(iii) create incentive mechanism to create a more skilled ICT workforce within the
government;
(iv) coordinated financing mechanism for e-Government initiatives;
(v) develop infrastructure for payment of e-Government services.
21. 21 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
Other recommendations include :
e-Government should be better integrated with civil service reform: e-Government is often
regarded as a technical matter and is treated separately. There should be explicit efforts to think
of e-Government as an integral part of civil service reform initiatives to make the administration
more responsive and accountable and provide services to the doorsteps of citizens as much as
possible. e-Government training is often limited to computer literacy and fundamentals of
networking and other technical matters. There should be explicit training efforts to create policy
leadership for e-Government at the Joint Secretary level and above.
Better coordination of e-Government strategy and planning: There is no single coordination
point in the government for coordination of planning of e-Government to develop a roadmap for
e-Government. Different responsibilities for e-Government are scattered across different
government entities, which sometimes hampers centralized strategic planning, something which
is quite critical in early stages of e-Government. A coordination point could have largely
avoided these issues. Such a cell can also have a few high-level strategists and software
architects who can help different government entities develop an e-Government plans, tender
documents etc.
Government's internal team for technical assistance: Many of the key government entities
have IT staff but often it is very difficult to attract highly skilled people in these positions for
two main reasons: (i) the salary scale is not competitive compared to private sector rates; (ii)
there is no lucrative career path, since the IT staffs are not part of the government's cadre
system. The senior IT staffs have to be in the same position for 15 years or more after reaching
the Senior Systems Analyst position. A separate cadre for the IT staff may be considered; also,
increased levels of salary may also be considered.
Build on past achievements and failures: Numerous e-Government projects have been taken in
the last 15 years - some have focused on software applications, some on networking offices,
some on building hardware infrastructure. It may not be denied that many of them have failed to
reach desired outcomes - however, that in itself, is not necessarily a negative point. These
projects have built infrastructures, trained people, taught people how not to go about doing
things in e-Government. The government should systematically be looking at the readiness of
different government entities and areas of governance with respect to these past achievements
and also failures to push the country into the next level of e-Government
Conclusion : A2I has pursued an innovative bottom up, people-centered strategy, a more
pragmatic approach within the realities of Bangladesh than a traditional top-down process
reengineering solution. If A2I had tried a top down model, it would have taken years to
implement and would have met opposition from bureaucratic apathy, lack of incentives to
change and resistance from those benefitting from the rent-seeking opportunities caused by
deficiencies in transparency. A2I has dealt with ingrained resistance through an inclusive
approach, creating a network of champions by assigning focal points in ministries and asking
each to propose one Quick Win.
22. 22 | e-Governance anddistrict administration
References :
A2I website: http://www.a2i.pmo.gov.bd
UNDP Bangaldesh website: http://www.undp.org.bd/projects/proj_detail.php?pid=31
Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission website: http://www.btrc.gov.bd
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics website: http://www.bbs.gov.bd
Cox’s Bazar District office website: www.coxsbazar.gov.bd.
Appendix