Submarine Amplifiers and Systems

Submarine Systems and Amplifiers
II Towards Terabit per Second Optical Networking
padtec.com
Stefan Tenenbaum
Padtec R&D
stefan@padtec.com
T.: + 55 19 2104.9651

Topics to be covered
• Padtec Introduction
• Submarine Systems
• High-reliability Request
• Optical Submarine Line Amplifiers
Padtec S/A © 2012 Todos os Direitos Reservados
• Branching Unit
• Supervisory System
• Future Trends in Submarine Systems

• Operation started in August 2001.
• Largest Optical Networking Manufacturer in
Brazil.
• Revenue: rd USD 160M.
Padtec S/A
High capacity optical transport solutions
Padtec S/A © 2012 Todos os Direitos Reservados 3
• Global supplier: equipment and solutions
sold in 42 countries.
• Productivity: revenue of USD 400 k per
employee per year.
• R&D investment: 15% of revenue.

Padtec S/A
Profile
• Focus: dedicated to the development, manufacturing
and sales of optic communication systems.
• Flexibility: custom
solutions with competitive
• National Capacity and
Knowledge: high
technology with Brazilian
R&D.
solutions with competitive
prices.

Padtec S/A
Worldwide solutions
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• Headquarters: Campinas, SP – Brazil.
• Regional offices: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília
• Foreign offices: Argentina, Mexico, Peru, France, Italy and Israel

Padtec S/A
Subsidiaries
Civcom® is a pioneer in the
development and manufacturing of
high speed tunable transponders
and dispersion compensation Opto-
electronic components and
WxBr is a high technology wireless
telecommunication company,
dedicated to development,
manufacturing and sales of
products and solutions for
PSG Telecom is a professional
services company focused in optical
communication networks. PSG
Telecom provides innovation and
technology expertise applied in
Civcom WxBR PSG Telecom
Padtec
electronic components and
modules. Civcom’s line of products
provides worldwide solutions for
high data rates Telecom and
Datacom applications. The
company prides itself as an
innovator in the field of
Transmission & Dispersion
Tolerance solutions, and as the
developer of the world’s first
10Gbps 300PIN MSA compliant
tunable transponder, as well as the
smallest tunable module in the
market.
products and solutions for
Broadband Wireless Access,
WiMax, Wi-Fi and LTE technologies.
WxBr provides products and
solutions to different market
segments, including carriers, digital
cities, corporate networks and
critical mission applications. The
company has achieved important
technology and commercial
partnerships, providing complete
solutions to customers.
technology expertise applied in
network services as Technical
Support, Systems Deployment,
Network Operation and
Maintenance, Maintenance
Centers, and NOC for optical
communications networks.

Optical Backbone
Metro/Aggregation
Access
Services
Standalones
Optical Networks
Optimized Optical Communication Solutions *
• Submarine Systems
• Ultra LH, LH DWDM
•Aggregation network
• FTTx GPON
• xWDM Access
• PTN
• Optical Amplifying
• Transponders
• Optical Protection
• NOC
• Network Analysis/
Diagnostic
Padtec S/A
Optical Solutions
Unified Network Management System
•Aggregation network
• DWDM
• ROADM
• OXC
• PTN
• PTN • Optical Protection
• Media Converters
• Passive units
Diagnostic
• Field Support
* ISO 9001/2008
Training

Padtec S/A
Customer Profile

LightPad Platform - Submarine Application

Submarine Division Overview
Full Turnkey Supplier for Submarine Transmission Networks
Commissioning and system design
for new deployment
Terrestrial and Submarine survey
LightPad Platform – Submarine Systems
Full system deployment including
cable launch and marine
operations
24 x 7 support and maintenance –
Committed SLAs
Solution development and
manufacturing
Network Operation Center

Submarine Systems
Padtec offers a complete turnkey project for optical
submarine network
Country B
Country A
Country C
Wet Plant
Dry Plant
• SLTE – Entire DWDM Optical
Transmission Infrastructure
• Cable Termination
• Power Supply for repeatered
submarine system
• Full system management
Wet Plant
• Submarine Optical Cable
• Optical Submarine Line Amplifier (OSLA)
• Branching Unit (BU)
Deployment
• Infrastructure construction
• Cable loading
• Marine Survey
• Optical Submarine Network
Maintenance/NOC

Wet Plant
Submarine System - building blocks
Terminal Station B
Terminal Station A
Terminal Station B
Terminal Station A
SLTE
Submarine Line Terminal Eq.
PFE
Power Feeding Equipment
OSLA
Optical Submarine Line Amplifier
CTE
Cable Termination and
Supervisory equipment
BU
Branching Unit
EMS
Element Manager System
Terminal Station C

LightPad Platform: Submarine Network
Dry Plant Wet Plant
• High DWDM capacity – Up to 100
channels on C-Band
• Coherent 100Gbps (DP-QPSK)
• EDFA (Booster & Pre-Amp)
• ROPA (Remote Optical Amplifier)
• Chromatic Dispersion Compensation
• Mechanical Assembly for deep water
• In Line EDFA Amplification (OSLA)
• Branching unit
• Optical Cable
• Integrated Management (Dry and Wet
Plant)
Submarine Systems
• Chromatic Dispersion Compensation
(additional to the DSP)
• Power Feeding Equipment
• Integrated management and NMS
structure
•Miscellaneous (FAN, Sub-rack,…)
Plant)
Items deployed on Dry Plant
• Monitoring – C-OTDR
• PFE

Terminal Equipment
• Compatible to 14U Chassis (9U – 3slots)
• Client Interface - XFP
• Protocols
• 10GbE LAN/WAN
• STM-64
• 8G Fibre Channel
• OTU2 / OTU2e
100G DP-DQPSK Coherent Transponder
Sinal DWDM
OTU4 (OTL 4.10)
HD-FEC 7% OH
SD-FEC 20% OH
127.156Gb/s
Muxponder
100 Gb/s
G.709
Muxponder
100 Gb/s
G.709
OTU2 / OTU2e
10GbE LAN
10GbE WAN
8G FC
STM-64
I
• OTU4 Interface
• DWDM 37.5GHz (or standard 50GHz) / Tunable
• Coherent DP-QPSK
• Protection architecture compatible: 1+1 (Recovery Time < 50msec)
• CD Tolerance: +/- 65 ns/nm
• DGD Tolerance: 100 ps
• OSNR Tolearance: 14 dB (dB/0.1nm)

Ch02
Ch03
Ch01
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L LB
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
...
DEMUX
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
...
Submarine System
...
DEMUXCh02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
Ch100
... Span
Linklength = Nspan . Spanlength
...
DEMUX
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
... Span
...
DEMUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
Ch100
... Span
CABLECABLE

Submarine System
...
DEMUXCh02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
Ch100
... Span
Ch02
Ch03
Ch01
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L LB
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
...
DEMUX
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
...
Capacity = Nchannels . Nfibers
...
DEMUX
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
... Span
...
DEMUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
L
L
L
LB
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
Ch01
...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
Ch100
... Span
CABLECABLE

Amplifier Design
• Single container for all the amplifiers with large dimensions and weight;
• Sealing and mechanical design must guarantee high performance;
• State-of-the-art solution: low-size optical amplifiers with reduced
consumption. Optimized performance for 100 channels (37,5 GHz).
Cable Cable
...

• Add/drop fibers (channels);
• Supports up to 3 submarine cables;
• Compatible with most optical submarine cables.
Branching Unit
Optical and/or
electrical connection
electrical connection

Branching Unit
• Regional non-repeatered (festoon);
• Regional repeatered with(out) BU;
• Transoceanic with(out) BU.

Terminal Station
Beach Joint
Land Cable
Double Armoured Cable
0 m
200 m
Cables burial
Submarine Cables
Submarine cable types as a function ofSubmarine cable types as a function of
water depth and sea bed profilewater depth and sea bed profile
BU
Deep water cable
200 m
1500 m
3000 m
8000 m
Cables burial
Single Armoured Cable
Deep water cable

High-reliability request
• Highly-reliable repeaters are mandatory for any submarine system!!!
Q: What do I mean by highly-reliable?
A: No fail !!
1st Actions:
• Robust to high-hydraulic pressure;
• Resistant to corrosion from the water;
• Internal circuit (optics and eletronics) of high-reliability:
o Amplifier design must be based on well known and assessed
o Amplifier design must be based on well known and assessed
technologies and components;
• OPEX dominated by wet plant fault repair cost:
o Marine operation (< 2 in 25 years);
o Capacity loss for an unpredictable time duration (offline link);
• R&D challenge:
INNOVATE WITHOUT COMPROMISING HIGH RELIABILITY

• Some examples - for passive parts (doped fibers and components):
o mechanical stress;
o fiber bend-radius;
o components fixing;
o splices.
• The more critical components for amplifier reliability are:
o the pump lasers;
• The more critical components for power supply:
o the current driver and diodes.

• Components’ reliability is guaranteed by:
o Production technology maturity and quality level (military, space);
o Qualification process and data from test and from field;
o Screening process:
for reducing infant mortality (selection of the hi-rel units);
• Increasing reliability to the highest levels:
• Increasing reliability to the highest levels:
• Amplifier does not include all the terrestrial equipment features: more
simple;
• Spare parts (but ready for action): the impact on overall reliability is
dramatic;
• Every single building block of your system should be qualified as hi-rel;
• At link level, path protection can be implemented (BU).

High-reliability - FIT
• Required reliability: 2 faults in 25 years lifetime;
• FIT – Unit of failure rate: 1 FIT = 10-9 failures/hour;
• The number of repairs (in 25 years) = NR;
NR = FITTOTAL . 24 (hours) . 265 (days) . 25 (years) . 10-9
• For 2 repairs (NR = 2) in 25 years lifetime: FITTOTAL = 9132
• For 2 faults in a 200 amplifiers link: FITAMPLIFIER = 46
• For 1 fault in a 200 amplifiers link: FITAMPLIFIER = 23

High-reliability - FIT
FITTOTAL = 9132
• If
1FIT = 10-9 faults/hour
• Complete system
9132 FITs = 9132.10-9 faults/hour (200 amplifiers)
yearsYfaultsX )()( −
MTBFfaults −)1(
9132 FITs = 9132.10 faults/hour (200 amplifiers)
( x total hours in 25years) = 2 = total faults in 25 years < 3

High-reliability FIT
Optics
(passive)
Electric
Control
Optics
(active)
• Total Reliability Budget 46 FIT
• Equivalent to 2 failures in 25 years
SYSTEM LEVEL
DEVICE LEVEL (AMPLIFIER)
COMPONENT LEVEL

• How does it work?
o Works like an OTDR: back-reflections (Rayleigh backscattering);
o Path composed of EDFAs + fibers: EDFAs include unidirectional
components that blocks the counterpropagating flow in the opposite
direction;
Supervisory system
• Coherent-OTDR
o In-band signal placed together with the DWDM
o In-band signal placed together with the DWDM
signals;
o Composed of active (Tx and Rx) and passive parts
(optical bypass);
o Able to decribe optical path and amplifier
performance.
λλλλ

......
L
L
Supervisory system

Supervisory system
...... L
Optical by-pass
Uplink Flow
L... ...
Optical by-pass
Downlink Flow

Supervisory system
...... L
Uplink Flow
L... ...
Optical by-pass
Downlink Flow

Supervisory system (2-spans system)
B
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
L
Ch01
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
Ch100
P
L
Span Loss and Length 50 km
100 km

Supervisory system (N-spans system)
B
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
C-OTDR
TX
L L
Ch01
... ...
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
C-OTDR
RX
Ch100
... ... P
TX
P
...
DEMUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
L L
C-OTDR
RX
Ch01
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
B
C-OTDR
TX
RX
... ...... ...

Supervisory system (N-spans system)
B
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
...
MUXCh02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
C-OTDR
TX
L L L L L P
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02Ch02
Ch03
C-OTDR
TX
C-OTDR
RX
C-OTDR
RX
Ch100
Ch01
Ch01
...
...
N x Spans
P
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
...
MUX
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
L L L L L B...
km
P [a.u.]
...
N x Spans
km
P [a.u.]
...
N x Spans

Gain > Span Loss
km
Power
Gain < Span Loss
Power
(Amplifiers’) Gain and (Span) Loss monitoring
Gain < Span Loss
km
Gain < or > Span Loss
km
Power

Fault detection
B
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
...
MUXCh02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
C-OTDR
TX
L L L P
Ch01
Ch02Ch02
C-OTDR
TX
C-OTDR
RX
C-OTDR
RX
Ch100
Ch01
Ch01
...
1 2 N
P
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch02
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
L L L B...
km
Power
...
Fault position (within span 2)

Fault detection
B
...
DEMUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch01
Ch02
...
MUXCh02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
C-OTDR
TX
L L L P
Ch01
Ch02Ch02
C-OTDR
TX
C-OTDR
RX
C-OTDR
RX
Ch100
Ch01
Ch01
...
N N-1 1
P
Ch100
...
MUX
Ch99
Ch97
Ch98
Ch04
Ch03
Ch02
...
MUX
Ch02
Ch04
Ch03
Ch97
Ch98
Ch100
Ch99
L L L B...
km
Power
...
Faulted span (N-1)

CABLE
FIBERS
• 10m accuracy is within the requirements for fault location in a
Submarine link;
• In-service and In-band monitoring;
• Useful both on cable (fiber cut) or amplifier (fail) damage;
• Multiple-fiber monitoring: I can switch fiber input C-OTDR signal;
C-OTDR
1 2
3 4
• Integrated management:
SLTE, OSLA and C-OTDR

Future trends in submarine technology
• The use of an integrated optics solution present the following advantages:
o Host up to more systems (at least double the # of amplifiers) in a
single mechanical unit;
o It can increase the reliability by reducing the number of optical
components and fiber splices;
• Powerful FEC and DSP (receiver side)
o 1st wave: Coherent Techn. + DSP (linear effects) + FEC (3rd generation);
o 2nd wave: Coherent Techn. (at much higher rates) + DSP (nonlinear
o 2nd wave: Coherent Techn. (at much higher rates) + DSP (nonlinear
effects) + FEC (higher coding gains) + advantages of integ. optics =
powerful processing algorithms;
• Modulation formats and signal generation (transmitter side)
o Status today: max. load 100 x 100Gbps;
o Future: 400Gbps, Superchannels (higher performance and cost-
effective solutions).

Conclusion
• These are all key-points in the development of a submarine system;
• The submarine technology came to complete the current product portfolio
applied to ULH optical links for Padtec;
• There’s a very challenging reliability request in this field
o That has been added to Padtec’s expertise in transmission and
amplifier research and development together with networks’ design;
• Required from us a state-of-the-art:
o Project development and components selection;
o Amplifier design and performance evaluation;
o Systems’ design and performance evaluation;
• Strategic to Brazil and to Padtec: is already strenghening the already
existent business with all the Americas, Africa and Europe.

Acknowledgements
• Full Padtec submarine team and several colleagues;
• Padtec directors;
• CPqD Optical Systems’ Group.

Thank you!
padtec.com

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