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‫مفيدة‬ ُ‫ة‬‫القراء‬
Agenda
O What is noun?
O What are definite and
indefinite nouns?
O How to construct nominal
sentence
ُ
‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫س‬ِ
‫ج‬
‫اْل‬
ُ
‫لة‬
‫ج‬
‫م‬ُ‫ج‬
‫?اْل‬
Sentences in Arabic
1. Nomilal Sentence
ٌ
‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬
‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ل‬
‫ج‬ ُ
‫ُج‬
= Sentence that starts with a noun, like:
ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬
ٌ
‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬
1. Verbal Sentence
ٌ
‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ل‬‫ج‬ ُ
‫ُج‬
= Sentence that starts with a verb,
like:
ٌ
‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫ه‬
َ
‫ذ‬ (Jayd went)
(Noun)
1. Name of a person, like:
ٌ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫;ُم‬ ٌ‫ال‬
َ
‫;خ‬ ‫مريم‬
2. Name of a place, like: ‫ا‬
َ
‫ك‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫م‬
َ
‫أ‬ ،
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫د‬‫ج‬ َ
‫َل‬ ،
ُ
‫ة‬
َّ
‫ك‬َ‫م‬
3. Name of a thing, like: ‫ار‬
َ
‫ن‬ ، ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ،ٌ‫م‬
َ
‫ل‬
َ
‫ق‬
4. Pronouns, like:
َ‫و‬
ُ
‫ه‬ َ ِ‫ه‬ He
‫ج‬‫م‬
ُ
‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬
ُ
‫ه‬ They
Male Female
(Noun)
َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬ ِ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬ You
‫ج‬‫م‬ُ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬ َّ ُ
‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬ You
Male
Female
(Noun)
‫ا‬
َ
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬
I
ُ‫ن‬
‫ج‬ َ
‫َن‬ We
Male
Female
(Noun)
‫ا‬َ‫م‬
ُ
‫ه‬ They
2
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬ You
2
Male
You
(Noun)
Adjective)
ٌ ‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬
َ
‫ك‬ BigSmall
ٌ ‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬
ٌ
‫د‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ Far
ٌ
‫ل‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ
َ
‫ُج‬ Beautiful
ٌ‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬
َ
‫ق‬ Near
ٌ‫ح‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬
َ
‫ق‬ Ugly
Indefinite & Definite Noun
Indefinite Noun is called
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬
َ
‫ن‬ in Arabic, like:
ٌ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house
ٌ‫م‬
َ
‫ل‬
َ
‫ق‬ A pen
ٌ
‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book
ٌ
‫وح‬
َ
‫ل‬ A block
ٌ
‫اح‬َ‫ب‬
‫ج‬
‫ص‬ِ‫م‬ A
lamp
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ح‬ A
stone
Indefinite & Definite Noun
Indefinite Noun is called
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬
َ
‫ن‬ in Arabic, like:
ٌ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ‫ب‬
ٌ‫م‬
َ
‫ل‬
َ
‫ق‬
A house
A pen
Indefinite & Definite Noun
Definite Noun is called
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house
ُ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬ The house
ٌ
‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book
ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬ The book
Indefinite & Definite Noun
‫الـ‬
ٌ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬
ٌ
‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
Indefinite & Definite Noun
ٌ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬
ٌ
‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬
ٌ
‫ل‬
َ
‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬
A Mohammad
A Jayd
A Bilal
ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َّ‫الز‬
ُ
‫ل‬
َ
‫َل‬ِ
‫ج‬
‫اْل‬
The way of constructing a Nominal Sentence
O A nominal sentence consists of two parts
ٌ
‫أ‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ Subject (Focal point of the sentence)
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬
ٌ
‫رة‬ِ‫ك‬
َ
‫ن‬
Predicate (News orinformation
about Subject)
1
2
ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬
‫ج‬
‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬
َ
‫ل‬
َ
‫ق‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
The water is cold
ٌ
‫يض‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬
ٌ
‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
The student is sick
The pen is broken
Examples
Note: Noun that ends in Tanwin ( ) is
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬
َ
‫ن‬ (indefinite)
ٌ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬َ‫ب‬
ٌ
‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬A Mosque
A house
However when an Adjective comes as an indefinite noun
we cannot translate it with ( A). Here are some examples-
ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬
‫ج‬
‫ك‬َ‫م‬
ٌ
‫ض‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬A sick
A broken
ٌ
‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬A cold
ٌ ‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫م‬
َ
‫ض‬ (Pronoun) also comes as
ٌ
‫ا‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
(Subject)
Pronoun is considered
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which
is made known to listener beforehand. Example-
Khalid came to Dhaka. Khalid wanted to
get admitted at IUT. Khalid took part in
the admission test. Khalid passed the
exam and could get admitted at the
university.
ٌ ‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫م‬
َ
‫ض‬ (Personal Pronoun) also comes
as
ٌ
‫ا‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject)
Personal Pronoun is considered
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a
noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example-
Khalid came to Dhaka. He wanted to get
admitted at IUT. He took part in the
admission test. He passed the exam
and could get admitted at the university.
So if we were to say …
ٌ‫الب‬ َ‫ط‬ َ‫و‬
ُ
‫ه‬
1.
ٌ
‫أ‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ( )
২. ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (Definite)
1. ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬ ( )
২.
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬
َ
‫ن‬ ( )
We can also say..
ٌ
‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬
ٌ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬
َ
‫ت‬
ٌ
‫ل‬
َ
‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬
is
am/is/are
More examples
ُ
‫اش‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ٌ
‫ف‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬
َ
‫ن‬
ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ٌ
‫يد‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
ُ
‫ش‬‫ج‬‫ر‬َ‫ع‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬ٌ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫د‬
َ
‫ق‬
The book is new
The bed is clean
The throne is old
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬
َ
‫ش‬
‫ج‬
‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ( Demonstrative Pronoun which is considered
noun in Arabic) also comes as
ٌ
‫ا‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject)
Demonstrative Pronoun is considered
ٌ
‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it refers to
someone or something which is known. Example-
‫ا‬
َ
‫ذ‬
َ
‫ه‬
ٌ
‫اب‬َ‫ب‬
َ
‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬
َ
‫ذ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ء‬
َ
‫ؤْل‬
َ
‫ه‬
ٌ
‫ب‬
َّ
‫َل‬ ُ‫ط‬
This is a door
That is a book
Those are students
Conformity between Subject and Predicate
in being Masculine and Feminine is necessary.
ُ‫اب‬َ ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬
ٌ
‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
ُ
‫لة‬ِ‫او‬ َّ‫الط‬
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
The door is new
The table is new
Conformity between Subject and Predicate
in being Singular/Dual/Plural is necessary.
ٌ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫ان‬
َ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
Mohammad is traveler.
Mohammads are travelers. (2)
َ
‫ون‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬
َ
‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬Mohammads are travelers. (3)
ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬ (Predicate) can be a single word or a sentence or
even a semi-sentence
ٌ
ِ‫ال‬
َ
‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬
ٌ
ِ‫ال‬
َ
‫خ‬
َ
‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬
ُ
‫ل‬
ُ
‫ك‬
‫ج‬
‫أ‬َ‫ي‬
Khalid is student
Khalid eats the fish
ٌ
ِ‫ال‬
َ
‫خ‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬ ِِKhalid is in the university
Single word
Sentence
Semi-Sentence
Activities
Connect between ‫أ‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct
ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬ in the
following sentences
‫اهلل‬
ٌ
‫د‬َّ‫م‬
َ ُ
‫ُم‬
ُ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ
‫آن‬َ‫ر‬
ُ
‫ق‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ‫ن‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِّ‫ال‬
ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬
َ
‫ك‬
ٌ‫م‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬
ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬
ُ
‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬
ٌ
‫ل‬ِ‫م‬
َ
‫َك‬
Connect between ‫أ‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct
ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬ in the
following sentences
ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬
ُ
‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬
ُّ
‫الض‬
ُ
‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ك‬َ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ
‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫الر‬
‫ا‬
َ
‫ن‬
َ
‫أ‬
ٌ‫اء‬
َّ
‫د‬َ‫ع‬
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫وح‬ُ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ف‬َ‫م‬
َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ
‫أ‬َ‫ر‬
‫ج‬
‫ق‬
َ
‫ي‬
ِ‫وس‬
ُ
‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬ ِ‫ة‬
َ
‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ر‬
ُ
‫غ‬ ِ
ُ
‫ن‬ َ‫وَع‬َ‫ج‬
Connect between ‫أ‬
َ
‫د‬َ‫ت‬
‫ج‬
‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct
ٌ َ‫ب‬
َ
‫خ‬ in the
following sentences
ُ
‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬
ُ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ج‬‫ط‬َ‫م‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
‫اْل‬
ُ‫م‬
َ
‫ل‬
َ
‫ق‬
‫ج‬
‫ال‬
ُ‫ام‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫الط‬
ٌ
‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
ٌ
‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ج‬
‫ش‬َ‫م‬
ٌ
‫يذ‬ِ
َ
‫َل‬
ٌ
‫ف‬
‫ج‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬
َ
‫ن‬
‫ة‬
َ
‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫الم‬ َ‫لَع‬

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Subject and predicate in Arabic

  • 2. Agenda O What is noun? O What are definite and indefinite nouns? O How to construct nominal sentence ُ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫س‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ ‫لة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫?اْل‬
  • 3. Sentences in Arabic 1. Nomilal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a noun, like: ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ 1. Verbal Sentence ٌ ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ج‬ ُ ‫ُج‬ = Sentence that starts with a verb, like: ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ه‬ َ ‫ذ‬ (Jayd went)
  • 4. (Noun) 1. Name of a person, like: ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫;ُم‬ ٌ‫ال‬ َ ‫;خ‬ ‫مريم‬ 2. Name of a place, like: ‫ا‬ َ ‫ك‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫د‬‫ج‬ َ ‫َل‬ ، ُ ‫ة‬ َّ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ 3. Name of a thing, like: ‫ار‬ َ ‫ن‬ ، ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ،ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ 4. Pronouns, like: َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ ِ‫ه‬ He ‫ج‬‫م‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ ُ ‫ه‬ They Male Female
  • 8. (Noun) Adjective) ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ BigSmall ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ Far ٌ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ َ ‫ُج‬ Beautiful ٌ‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ َ ‫ق‬ Near ٌ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ق‬ Ugly
  • 9. Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A pen ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ٌ ‫وح‬ َ ‫ل‬ A block ٌ ‫اح‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ص‬ِ‫م‬ A lamp ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ج‬ِ‫ح‬ A stone
  • 10. Indefinite & Definite Noun Indefinite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ in Arabic, like: ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ A house A pen
  • 11. Indefinite & Definite Noun Definite Noun is called ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ A house ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ The house ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ A book ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The book
  • 12. Indefinite & Definite Noun ‫الـ‬ ٌ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬
  • 13. Indefinite & Definite Noun ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َ‫ز‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ A Mohammad A Jayd A Bilal ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬َّ‫الز‬ ُ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬
  • 14. The way of constructing a Nominal Sentence O A nominal sentence consists of two parts ٌ ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ Subject (Focal point of the sentence) ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ٌ ‫رة‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ Predicate (News orinformation about Subject) 1 2
  • 15. ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The water is cold ٌ ‫يض‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ The student is sick The pen is broken Examples
  • 16. Note: Noun that ends in Tanwin ( ) is ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ (indefinite) ٌ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬A Mosque A house
  • 17. However when an Adjective comes as an indefinite noun we cannot translate it with ( A). Here are some examples- ٌ‫ور‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫ض‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬A sick A broken ٌ ‫د‬ِ‫ار‬َ‫ب‬A cold
  • 18. ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. Khalid wanted to get admitted at IUT. Khalid took part in the admission test. Khalid passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
  • 19. ٌ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫ض‬ (Personal Pronoun) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Personal Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it replaces a noun which is made known to listener beforehand. Example- Khalid came to Dhaka. He wanted to get admitted at IUT. He took part in the admission test. He passed the exam and could get admitted at the university.
  • 20. So if we were to say … ٌ‫الب‬ َ‫ط‬ َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ 1. ٌ ‫أ‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ج‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ ( ) ২. ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (Definite) 1. ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ ( ) ২. ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬ َ ‫ن‬ ( )
  • 21. We can also say.. ٌ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬ َ ‫ت‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ َ ‫َل‬ِ‫ب‬ is am/is/are
  • 23. ِ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬ َ ‫ش‬ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ج‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ( Demonstrative Pronoun which is considered noun in Arabic) also comes as ٌ ‫ا‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (Subject) Demonstrative Pronoun is considered ٌ ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ because it refers to someone or something which is known. Example- ‫ا‬ َ ‫ذ‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ َ ‫ذ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ء‬ َ ‫ؤْل‬ َ ‫ه‬ ٌ ‫ب‬ َّ ‫َل‬ ُ‫ط‬ This is a door That is a book Those are students
  • 24. Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Masculine and Feminine is necessary. ُ‫اب‬َ ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ ‫لة‬ِ‫او‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ The door is new The table is new
  • 25. Conformity between Subject and Predicate in being Singular/Dual/Plural is necessary. ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ِ‫ان‬ َ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ِ‫ان‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ Mohammad is traveler. Mohammads are travelers. (2) َ ‫ون‬ُ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ َ ‫ون‬ُ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬Mohammads are travelers. (3)
  • 26. ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ (Predicate) can be a single word or a sentence or even a semi-sentence ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ط‬ ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ َ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫أ‬َ‫ي‬ Khalid is student Khalid eats the fish ٌ ِ‫ال‬ َ ‫خ‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِِKhalid is in the university Single word Sentence Semi-Sentence
  • 28. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ‫اهلل‬ ٌ ‫د‬َّ‫م‬ َ ُ ‫ُم‬ ُ‫د‬ِ‫ج‬‫ج‬‫س‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫آن‬َ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ن‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ال‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ ٌ‫م‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫هلل‬‫ا‬ ُ ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ َ ‫َك‬
  • 29. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الط‬ ُ ‫وف‬ُ‫ي‬ ُّ ‫الض‬ ُ ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ ٌ‫اء‬ َّ ‫د‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫وح‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ق‬ َ ‫ي‬ ِ‫وس‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫ف‬‫ج‬‫ر‬ ُ ‫غ‬ ِ ُ ‫ن‬ َ‫وَع‬َ‫ج‬
  • 30. Connect between ‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and its correct ٌ َ‫ب‬ َ ‫خ‬ in the following sentences ُ ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ج‬‫ط‬َ‫م‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ ‫اْل‬ ُ‫م‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ال‬ ُ‫ام‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫الط‬ ٌ ‫د‬‫ج‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ ‫ة‬َ‫ور‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ش‬َ‫م‬ ٌ ‫يذ‬ِ َ ‫َل‬ ٌ ‫ف‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬ َ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬ َ ‫د‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫الم‬ َ‫لَع‬