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![Examples from Quran - ٌفْرَظ
(16:88) Those who disbelieved and averted
[others] from the way of Allah - We will increase
them in punishment over [their] punishment for
what corruption they were causing.
اًباَذَع ْمُهَانْدِز ِهـَّلال ِيلِبَس نَع ُّواد َصَو واَُرفَك َينِذَّلاَقْوَف
﴿النحل َنُودِسْفُي ُوانَاك اَمِب ِابَذَعْلا:٨٨﴾
(48:18) Allah was pleased with the believers when
they swore allegiance to you under the tree and
He knew what was in their hearts. Therefore, He
sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded
them with a victory close by.
ََكنوُعِياَبُي ْذِٕا َينِنِمْؤُمْلا ِنَع ُهـَّلال َيِضَر ْدَقَّلَتْحَتِةَرَجَّالش
اًِيبرَق اًحْتَف ْمُهَبَاثَٔاَو ْمِهْيَلَع َةَنيِكَّالس َلَزنَٔاَف ْمِهِبوُلُق يِف اَم َمِلَعَف
﴿الفتح:١٨﴾
(4:159) And there is none from the People of the
Scripture but that he will surely believe in Jesus
before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection
ۖ ِهِتْوَم َلْبَق ِهِب َّنَنِمْؤُيَل اَّلِٕا ِابَتِكْلا ِلْهَٔا ْنِّم نِٕاَوَمْوَيَوِةَماَيِقْلا
﴿النساء ًاديِهَش ْمِهْيَلَع ُنوُكَي:١٥٩﴾
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 36
before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection
he will be against them a witness.
ۖ ِهِتْوَم َلْبَق ِهِب َّنَنِمْؤُيَل اَّلِٕا ِابَتِكْلا ِلْهَٔا ْنِّم نِٕاَوَمْوَيَوِةَماَيِقْلا
﴿النساء ًاديِهَش ْمِهْيَلَع ُنوُكَي:١٥٩﴾
(18:23-24) And never say of anything, "Indeed, I
will do that tomorrow," . Except [when adding],
"If Allah wills." And remember your Lord when
you forget [it] and say, "Perhaps my Lord will
guide me to what is nearer than this to right
conduct."
َكِلَٰذ ٌلِعاَف ِّينِٕا ٍءْيَشِل َّنَلُوقَت اَلَوًادَغ﴿الكهف:٢٣اَّلِٕا ﴾
ِنَيِدْهَي نَٔا ٰىَسَع ْلُقَو َيت َِسن اَذِٕا َكَّبَّر ُركْذاَو ۚ ُهـَّلال َاءَشَي نَٔا
﴿الكهف ًادَشَر اَذٰـَه ْنِم َبَرْقَٔاِل يِّبَر:٢٤﴾
(2:285) All of them have believed in Allah and His
angels and His books and His messengers,
[saying], "We make no distinction between any of
His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we
obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and
to You is the [final] destination."
ُقِّرَفُن اَل ِهِلُسُرَو ِهِبُتُكَو ِهِتَكِئَالَمَو ِهـَّلالِب َنَمٓا ٌّلُكَنْيَبنِّم ٍدَحَٔا
ُيرِصَمْلا َكْيَلِٕاَو اَنَّبَر ََكناَرْفُغ ۖ اَنْعَطَٔاَو اَنْعِمَس واُلاَقَو ۚ ِهِلُسُّر
﴿البقرة:٢٨٥﴾](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hmegodrrrnu93uvavhyg-signature-6dc5b1d333d824e4bffb2d41b0572a6678bbabeb6ec0ef24c0a0f4d54e11b4b1-poli-190619060218/85/Madinah-book-1-notes-36-320.jpg)
![ِرف َّالص َنَم ُعوُنْمَمالReferences from the Holy Qur’an for ِرف َّالص َنَم ُعوُنْمَمال
And [mention] when Abraham was raising
the foundations of the House and [with him]
Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this]
from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the
Knowing. (2:127)
ُعَفْرَي ْذِٕاَوُميِهاَرْبِٕاَو ِتْيَبْلا َنِم َدِعاَوَقْلاُليِعاَمْسِٕاْلَّبَقَت اَنَّبَر
ُميِلَعْلا ُعيِمَّالس َنتَٔا ََّكنِٕا ۖ اَّنِم﴿البقرة:١٢٧﴾
We said, 'O fire, be coolness and safety for
Abraham!' (21:69)
اًمَالَسَو اًدْرَب يِنُوك ُرَان اَي اَنْلُقٰىَلَعَميِهاَرْبِٕا﴿نبياءٔاال:٦٩﴾
Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the
َلاَقُنْوَعْرِفَينِمَلاَعْلا ُّبَر اَمَو﴿الشعراء:٢٣﴾
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 77
Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the
worlds?“ (26:23)
َلاَقُنْوَعْرِفَينِمَلاَعْلا ُّبَر اَمَو﴿الشعراء:٢٣﴾
Go to Pharaoh. Indeed, he has transgressed."
(20:24)
ِٕا ْبَهْذاٰىَلَنْوَعْرِفٰىَغَط ُهَّنِٕا﴿طه:٢٤﴾
This is Hell, which the criminals deny. (55:43) ِهِذٰـَهُمَّنَهَجَنوُمِرْجُمْلا اَهِب ُبِّذَكُي يِتَّلا﴿الرحمن:٤٣﴾
And will drive the criminals to Hell in thirst
(19:86)
َينِِمرْجُمْلا ُقوَُسنَوَمَّنَهَج ٰىَلِٕااًدْرِو﴿مريم:٨٦﴾](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hmegodrrrnu93uvavhyg-signature-6dc5b1d333d824e4bffb2d41b0572a6678bbabeb6ec0ef24c0a0f4d54e11b4b1-poli-190619060218/85/Madinah-book-1-notes-77-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySonali Jannat
Madinah-book-1-notes
This document provides notes on parts of speech in English and Arabic, the Arabic alphabet, Arabic vowel signs, indefinite and definite nouns in Arabic, the demonstrative pronouns "this" and "that" in Arabic. It covers topics like the three main parts of speech in Arabic being nouns, verbs and particles. It explains the 28 consonants in the Arabic alphabet and the three short vowels - dammah, fathah and kasrah. It also discusses how indefinite nouns are indicated by tanwin and definite nouns by alif lam. Finally, it provides details on the demonstrative pronouns "this" and "that" in Arabic and notes they are definite and masculine.
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Madinah-book-1-notes
- 1. LQ Mississauga Madinah Book1 Notes (v. 8) 1 Parts of Speech 9 ِعْطَقال ُةَزْمَهَو ِل ْصَوال ُةَزْمَه 17 The Relative Pronoun (ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا) 2 Arabic Alphabets 10 Preposition (ٍّرَج ُرفَح) & Genitive case ( ) 18 The Past Tense Verb (يِاضَمال ُلْعِفال) Topics 1 ٍّرَج ُرفَح يِاضَمال ُلْعِفال 3 Arabic Vowel Signs 11 Detached Pronoun ( ) 19 Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض) 4 Indefinite vs. Definite 12 20 ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتبُمَو ٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ 5 This (اَذَه) vs. That ( َكِلَذ) 13 Gender Introduction 21 Plural (ٌعْمَج) 6 Solar vs. Lunar Letters 14 Substitute (ٌلَدَب) 22 Numbers (ٌدَادْعَٔا) 7 Noun Endings 15 Adverb ( ٌفْرَظ) 23 The Diptote ( ِفْر َّالص َنِم ُعوُنْمَمال) 8 Nominal Sentence Intro 16 Adjective ( ٌتْعَن) 24 Types of predicate (ِرَبَالخ ُعاَوْنَٔا)
- 2. Revision History Date VerAuthor Revision Comments Nov. 23, 2012 1 Zahid Naeem Consolidated Part 1 thru 5 as one set Dec. 17, 2012 2 Zahid Naeem Added some more pages for past tense verb Feb. 2, 2013 3 Zahid Naeem Modified some pages for plurals Mar. 21, 2013 4 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for irrational plurals Apr. 25, 2013 5 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for diptotes Nov. 3, 2013 6 Zahid Naeem Modified the slide for types of khabar Sep. 10, 2014 7 Zahid Naeem Minor fixes for typos (مذكر) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 2 Mar. 24, 2015 8 Zahid Naeem Fixed a number of typos ِهَّلال ِيلِبَس يِفThere are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – ِهَّلال ِيلِبَس يِف Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com
- 3. Parts of Speech– English vs. Arabic English has eight parts of speech 1. Noun (A word which refers to a person, a place, or a thing, e.g. teacher, town, bus) 2. Pronoun (A word like he, they, and we used to replace a noun) 3. Adjective (A word that describes a noun, e.g. a tall man) 4. Adverb (A word that gives additional information about how, when or where an action takes place, e.g. He walked slowly, They will arrive tomorrow) 5. Interjection (A word that is independent of other words and is used as is, e.g. hello and hi) 6. Verb (The action or doing word, e.g. sleep, eat, drink) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 7. Conjunction (A word joining two clauses in a sentence, e.g. and, because, but) 8. Preposition(A word used to relate a noun or pronoun to some other part, e.g. of, at) Arabic has only three parts of speech 1. Noun ٌمْسِا 2. Verb ٌلْعِف 3. Particle ٌفْرَح 3
- 4. Parts of Speech– English vs. Arabic English Arabic Noun Noun ٌمْسِا Pronoun Adjective Adverb LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 4 Interjection Verb Verb ٌلْعِف Conjunction Particle ٌفْرَح Preposition
- 5. Arabic Alphabets Arabic has29 letters of alphabet 28 Consonants (have speech sound) Alif - serves two purposes Elongates a consonant, e.g. ٌابَتِك Act as a bearer of ٌةَزْمَه (hamza), e.g. ٌبَٔا LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 5 ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 ء ي و ه ن م ل ك ق 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
- 6. Arabic Vowel Signs NameSign Sound Example Dammah (ٌةَّم َض) ـُــ “u” ُمٌسِدْنَه Fathah (ٌةَحْتَف) ـَــ “a” ُمَهٌسِدْن Kasrah (ٌةَرَْسك) ـِــ “i” ْنَهُمِدٌس Arabic has 3 short vowels Long Vowel Sound Example LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 6 Long Vowel Sound Example و to elongate Dammah (ٌةَّم َض) “û” ْفَمـوُتٌح ا to elongate Fathah (ٌةَحْتَف) “â” ـاَبٌب ي to elongate Kasrah (ٌةَرَْسك) “î” َقيِمٌص Long vowels are formed by adding the associated letters to the short vowels Name Sign Example Sukûn (ٌنوُكُس) ـْــ َمْكٌروُسٌنوُكُس Absence of a vowel sign is denoted by Sukûn (ٌنوُكُس)
- 7. Indefinite & Definite LikeEnglish, Arabic nouns can be indefinite (ٌةَرَِكن) or definite (ٌةَفِرْعَم) An indefinite noun is indicated by ٌنِيوْنَت, which doubles the vowel sign at the end of the word, e.g. A book – ٌابَتِك A chair - ٌّيِسْرُك A Definite noun is indicated by ـْلَا prefixed to the noun. This also results in LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) A Definite noun is indicated by ـْلَا prefixed to the noun. This also results in eliminating the ٌنِيوْنَت at the end of the word, e.g. The book - ُابَتِكْلَا The chair - ُّي ِسْرُكْلَا ـْلَا and ٌنِيوْنَت cannot coexist. So ٌابَتِكْلَا will be incorrect Please note many proper nouns, e.g. ٌدَّمَحُم,ٌدِالَخ end with ٌنِيوْنَت, but they are still definite 7
- 8. اَذَه َكِلَذThis (اَذَه)vs. That ( َكِلَذ) ٌابَب َكِلَذThat is a door ( ٌابَب َكِلَذ) Demonstrative pronoun ( ِةَرا َش ِٕاْلا ُمْسِا) اَذَه : ِِيبرَقْلِل ِةَرا َش ِٕاْلا ُمْسِا َكِلَذ : ِديِعَبْلِل ِةَرا َش ِٕاْلا ُمْسِا Like all pronouns, these are definite These are masculine , i.e. these are used when pointing to masculine nouns They have feminine counterparts – will learn later اَذَه and َكِلَذ are pronounced as اَذاَه and َكِالَذ respectively, LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 8 This is a book ( ٌابَتِك اَذَه)This is a book ( ٌابَتِك اَذَه) اَذَه and َكِلَذ are pronounced as اَذاَه and َكِالَذ respectively, but are written without the alif
- 9. اَم ْنَمWhat (اَم)vs. Who ( ْنَم) اَم ْنَم Meaning “What” “Who” Usage Used for irrational things (ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغ), e.g. non-living things, animals, plants etc. Used for rational beings (ٌلِقاَع). These include Allah (ىَلاَعَتَو ُهَناَبحُس), humans beings, jinns, and angels. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 9 etc. jinns, and angels. Example What is this? (اَذَه اَم) Who is this? (اَذَه ْنَم)
- 10. Particle of Interrogationand Answer This is a house ( ٌتْيَب اَذَه) Is this a house? (؟ ٌتْيَب اَذَهَٔا) Prefixing َٔا to a statement turns it into a question Used in this context َٔا is called ِماَهْفِتْسِالا ُفْرَح (particle of interrogation) لا means “no” ْمَعَن means “yes” LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 10 ْمَعَن means “yes” لا and ْمَعَن are called ِابَوَالج ُوفُرُح (particles of answer)
- 11. ُةَّيِسْمَّالش ُوفُرُالح Solar Letters ُةَّيِسْمَّالشُوفُرُالح ُةَّيِرَمَقال ُوفُرُالح Lunar Letters ُةَّيِرَمَقال ُوفُرُالح Solar vs. Lunar Letters (1 of 2) 28 Consonant Letters 1414 الَّشُسْم الَقُرَم This distinction is only for pronunciation of words starting with these letters when prefixed with الـ (the definite article) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 11 الَّشُسْم الَقُرَم The letter ل IS NOT pronounced. The correct pronunciation is ash-shamsu, not al-shamsu The letter ل IS pronounced. The pronunciation is al-qamaru ل shaddah on the solar letter The assimilation of لis indicated by the shaddah on the solar letter No shaddah is necessary on the lunar letter Articulation of solar letters involves the tip of the tongue, e.g., ت,س,ش,ن,ر Tip of the tongue plays no role for lunar letters, e.g., ب,ق,م,ك,و ششis an example of a solar letter ققis an example of a lunar letter
- 12. Solar vs. LunarLetters (2 of 2) ُسْمَّالش ش ُرِاجَّتال ت ُرْد َّالص ص ُبْوَّثال ث ُفْي َّالض ض ُِّيكدال د ُمَفال ف ُبَٔاال ٔا ُرَمَقال ق ُابَالب ب ُبْلَكال ك ُةَّنَالج ج LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 12 ُفْي َّالض ض ُِّيكدال د ُبِالَّطال ط ُبَهَّذال ذ ُرْهَّظال ظ ُلُجَّرال ر ُمْحَّلال ل ُةَرْهَّزال ز ُمْجَّنال ن ُكَمَّالس س ُبْلَكال ك ُةَّنَالج ج ُاءَمال م ُراَمِالح ح ُدَلَوال و ُزْبُالخ خ ُاءَوَاله ه ُنْيَعال ع ُدَالي ي َُاءدَغال غ
- 13. Noun Endings In Arabic,nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence These are called noun cases or case-endings ( ٌابَرْعِٕا) English Name Arabic Name Ending Vowel Sign Function in a sentence Examples Nominative ٌعوُفْرَم Dammah Subject الكتاُب,كتاٌب,ّممحٌد,باٌب LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 13 ٌعوُفْرَم الكتاُب,كتاٌب,ّممحٌد,باٌب Accusative ٌوب ُصْنَم Fathah Object of a verb الكتاَب,كتاًاب,ّممحًاد,باًاب Genitive ٌروُرْجَم Kasrah Possessor of a thing, or comes after a preposition or an adverb الكتاِب,كتاٍب,ّممحٍد,باٍب
- 14. ُةَّيِمْسِالا ُةَلْمُجْلاThe NominalSentence (ُةَّيِمْسِالا ُةَلْمُجْلا) A sentence that starts with a noun Has a subject (ٌٔاَدَتْبُم) and a predicate (ٌرَبَخ) Both the subject and the predicate are always nominative (ٌعوُفْرَم) The subject is mostly definite (ٌةَفِرْعَم) The predicate is mostly indefinite (ٌةَرِكَن) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 14 ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌعوُفْرَم ٌةَفِرْعَم ٌرَبَخ ٌعوُفْرَم ٌةَرَِكن ٌديِدَج ُابَتِكْلَاٌديِدَج ُابَتِكْلَا ٌروُسْكَم ُمَلَقْلَاٌروُسْكَم ُمَلَقْلَا ٌتْيَب اَذَهٌتْيَب اَذَه
- 15. ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَهTheJoining Hamza (ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه) The ا in الـ (the definite article) is called ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه If it is preceded by another word, it is not pronounced E.g., ُتْيَبْلَا (the house) is pronounced al-baitu and ُتْيَبْلاَو (and the house) is pronounced as wa l-baitu and not wa al-baitu ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه also appears in words without the ال, e.g., ٌمْسِا (name) – ِهَّلال ِمْسِب ٌنْبِا (son) – َمَيْرَم ُنْبا ىَسْيِع ٌل ْصَو (Joining, uniting, attaching) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 15 ٌنْبِا (son) – َمَيْرَم ُنْبا ىَسْيِع To signify اااا as ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه, look for one of the following three conditions: A symbol on alif, as Without any or ء symbol on alif Completely omitted in writing, e.g., ِهَّلال ِمْسِب Both ا and ل in الـ are not pronounced when a word starts with a solar letter and is preceded with another word E.g., َوُمْجَّنال is pronounced as wan-najmu and not wa al-najmu or wa an-najmu
- 16. ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَهِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه Asopposed to ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه , ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه is always pronounced, regardless of its position in the sentence ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه is usually written with a ء symbol on (or below) the Alif, as follows: أ إ Examples: ٌدَحَٔا ُهَّلال َوُه ْلُق ٌعْطَق LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 16 ٌدَحَٔا (one) – ٌدَحَٔا ُهَّلال َوُه ْلُق ْذِٕا (when) – َكُّبَر َلاَق ْذِٕاَو... ٌعْطَق (Cutting, Discontinuing, Separating)
- 17. ُةَّيِرَمَقالَو ُةَّيِسْمَّالش ُوفُرُالحِلْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَهِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَهExamples from Quran ( ُةَّيِرَمَقالَو ُةَّيِسْمَّالش ُوفُرُالح,ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه,ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه ) َٱِهَّلِل ُدْمَحْلِّبَرٱَينِمَلاَعْلٱَٰمْحَّرلِنٱِمي ِحَّرلِكِلاَم ِمْوَيٱِِّيندل ُدُبْعَن َكاَّيِٕاُنيِعَتَْسن َكاَّيِٕاَوِٱَانِدْهٱَاطَر ِّلصٱَميِقَتْسُمْلَاطَرِص Find solar letters (ُةـَّي ِسْمَّالش ُوفُرُالح), lunar letters (ُةـَّيِرَمَقال ُوفُرُالح) and instances of ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَه and ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه in Surat ul-Fâtiha LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 17 ُدُبْعَن َكاَّيِٕاُنيِعَتَْسن َكاَّيِٕاَوِٱَانِدْهٱَاطَر ِّلصٱَميِقَتْسُمْلَاطَرِص ٱْمِهْيَلَع َتْمَعْنَٔا َينِذَّلِرْيَغٱاَلَو مِهْيَلَع ِوب ُضْغَمْلٱَينِّلا َّلض Solar letter ِل ْصَوْلا ُةَزْمَهLunar letter ِعْطَقْلا ُةَزْمَه
- 18. ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌروُرْجَمPreposition(ٍّرَج ُفْرَح) & Genitive Case (ٌروُرْجَم) Literal meaning of ٍّرَج ُفْرَح is “a particle of pulling” Examples of preposition (ٍّرَج ُفْرَح): In – يِف On – ىَلَع From – ْنِم To – ىَلِٕا ِتْيَبْلا يِفِتْيَبْلا يِف ٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِا ُتْيَبْلاُتْيَبْلا ُت got pulled to ِت because of the preceding يِف LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 18 To – ىَلِٕا When a noun is preceded by a preposition, it is said to be in genitive case (ٌروُرْجَم) The house - ُتْيَبْلا, In the house – ِتْيَبْلا يِف A house - ٌتْيَب, In a house – ٍتْيَب يِف ِتْيَبْلا يِف is a ِةَلْمُجْلا ُهْب ِش (phrase) – It looks like a sentence but is not one ٍّرَج ُفْرَحٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِا Same as ٌروُرْجَم َو ٌّراَج
- 19. More Prepositions andExamples from the Qur’ân (59:21) Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain … َنٓاْرُقْلا اَذٰـَه اَنْلَزنَٔا ْوَلىَلَعٍلَبَج... On ىَلَع (96:2) He created man from a clot َناَنسِٕاْلا َقَلَخْنِمٍقَلَع From ْنِم (26:50) we shall but return to our Lord َّانِٕاىَلِٕاَنوُبِلَقنُم اَنـــِّبَر To ىَلِٕا (97:1) We have indeed revealed this (Message) in the Night of Power ُهاَنْلَزنَٔا َّانِٕايِفِرْدَقْلا ِةَلْيَل In يِف LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 19 (2:119) And thou will not be asked about the owners of hell- fire ُلَٔاْسُت اَلَوْنَعِمي ِحَجْلا ِابَح ْصَٔا About, concerning ْنَع (2:284) To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. ـِلٰمَّالس يِف اَم ِهـَّلِضْرَٔاْلا يِف اَمَو ِاتَو Belongs to, for ــِل (2:153) O ye who believe! seek help with patient perseverance and prayer; for Allah is with those who patiently persevere. واُنيِعَتْاس واُنَمٓا َينِذَّلا اَهُّئَا اَيـِبِرْب َّالص َِينرِبا َّالص َعَم َهـَّلال َّنِٕا ۚ ِةَال َّالصَو With, by, at, in ــِب Notice the noun after the ٍّرَج ُرفَح is ٌروُجرَم , i.e. it has a ٌةََسرك at the end
- 20. ٌروُرْجَم َو ٌّراَجNominalSentence with ٌروُرْجَم َو ٌّراَج Muhammad is in the mosque the mosque in Muhammad ِد ِجْسَمال يِف ٌدَّمَحُم ٌمْسِاٌروُرْجَم ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌٔاَدَتْبُم َو ٌّراَجٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 20 It is on a table a table on It ٍبَتْكَم ىَلَع َوُه ٌمْسِاٌروُرْجَم ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌٔاَدَتْبُم َو ٌّراَجٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم
- 21. ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َضDetachedPronoun (ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض) 3rd Person Masculine Singular He, It َوُه ٌدَرْفُم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌبِئاَغ “Dual” They (2) اَمُه ىَّنَثُم Plural They ْمُه ٌعْمَج Feminine Singular She, It َيِه ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُم“Dual” They (2) اَمُه ىَّنَثُم Plural They َّنُه ٌعْمَج Singular You َتْنَٔا ٌدَرْفُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 21 2nd person Masculine Singular You َتْنَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌبَطاَخُم “Dual” You (2) اَمُتْنَٔا ىَّنَثُم Plural You (>2) ْمُتْنَٔا ٌعْمَج Feminine Singular You ِتْنَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُم“Dual” You (2) اَمُتْنَٔا ىَّنَثُم Plural You (>2) َّنُتْنَٔا ٌعْمَج 1st person Masc. & Fem. Singular I َانَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُمَو ٌرَّكَذُم ٌمِّلَكَتُم Plural We ُنَْحن ٌعْمَج
- 22. ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َضDetachedPronoun (ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض) َوُه اَمُه ْمُه َيِه اَمُه َّنُه َتْنَٔا Are never attached with any other word Are always ٌةَفِرْعَم (definite) Are ٌعوُفْرَم (nominative case), even though most of them do not have a ٌةَّم َض (dammah) ending Are fixed in their case, i.e. their ending does not change Fixed nouns in Arabic are called ٌّيِنْبَم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 22 َتْنَٔا اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُتْنَٔا ِتْنَٔا اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُتْنَٔا َانَٔا ُنَْحن Fixed nouns in Arabic are called ٌّيِنْبَم
- 23. The Past TenseVerb (يِاضَمال ُلْعِفال) Verb = Action = ٌلْعِف Doer = Subject = ٌلِعاَف Base form of all Arabic verbs is in the past tense (ٍضاَم) The base form of the verb always corresponds to the 3rd person singular masculine pronoun, i.e. he (َوُه) ٌلِاعَف ٌرِتَتْسُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 23 َوُه The doer of the action (ٌلِاعَف) is hidden (ٌرِتَتْسُم) within the base form of the verb (ٌلْعِف). Notice the hidden “he” in َجَرَخ َجَرَخ(He left) َجَرَخ
- 24. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُمِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم – Possessed & Possessor Used to convey a “possession” relationship between two nouns Also referred to as ُةَفا َضِٕالا (Al-Idaafatu) English uses “of” or “ ’s ” for such relationship, e.g. Book of Bilal or Bilal’s book Made up of two parts: Possessed (or possession) – ٌاف َضُم Possessor – ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 24 ٍَاللِب ُابَتِك (of) Bilal book Bilal’s book ِسِّرَدُمْلا ُبَتْكَم (of) the teacher table The teacher’s table ٌاف َضُمPossessed - ٌاف َضُم Can take any case ending, as the need be Never takes ٌنِيوْنَت (tanwîn) or الـ (the definite article) Is ٌةَفِرْعَم (definite) or ٌةَـرَِـكن (indefinite) based on ِهيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمPossessor - ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم Is always ٌروُرْجَم (genitive case) Can take ٌنِيوْنَت (tanwîn) or الـ (the definite article) Can be ٌةَـرَِـكن (indefinite) or ٌةَفِرْعَم (definite)
- 25. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمDefinitevs. indefinite ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم Different case endings for ٌاف َضُم Noun after َّنِٕا is always ٌوب ُصْنَم ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُمExamples of Valid ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم ِسِّرَدُمْلا َبَتْكَم ِسِّرَدُمْلا ُبَتْكَم (of) the teacher table The teacher’s table ٌوب ُصْنَم ٌعوُفْرَم ِبِالَّطال ُابَتِك ٌةَفِرْعَم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 25 ِسِّرَدُمْلا ِبَتْكَم ىَلَع (of) the teacher table on On the teacher’s table ِسِّرَدُمْلا َبَتْكَم َّنِٕا (of) the teacher table Verily Verily the teacher’s table ٌروُرْجَم ِبِالَّطال ُابَتِك (of) the student book The student’s book ٍبِالَط ُابَتِك (of) a student book A student’s book ٌةَرَِكن
- 26. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُمIncorrect vs. Correct ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم ٍَاللِب ٌابَتِكٌاف َضُم cannot have ٌنِيوْنَت ٍَاللِب ُابَتِالكٌاف َضُم cannot have ال ُابَتِكِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 26 ٌلَالِب ُابَتِكِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم cannot be ٌعوُفْرَم ٍَاللِب ُابَتِك ًلَالِب ُابَتِكِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم cannot be ٌوب ُصْنَم
- 27. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُمMore on ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم Whose book? (of) who book ْنَم ُابَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم Even though ْنَم is ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم , it does not have ٌةَرَْسك (kasrah) ending, because it is ٌّيِنْبَم (indeclinable). Other similar examples: ْنَم ُمَلَق (Whose pen?) ْنَم ُنْبِٱ (Whose son?) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 27 Mosque of Allah’s Prophet (of) Allah (of the) prophet mosque اللِه ِولُسَر ُد ِجْسَم ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم Notice two sets of ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم. ِولُسَر is ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم in ِولُسَر ُد ِجْسَم and it is ٌاف َضُم in ِهالل ِولُسَر.
- 28. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُمExamples from Quran - ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم (110:1) When comes the help of Allah … َاءَج اَذِٕاالل ُر َْصنِه (114: 1) Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind ِب ُذوُعَٔا ْلُقِساَّنال ِّبَر (24:35) Allah is the light of the heavens and the earth للَاُهٰمَّالس ُرُونِاتَوِضْرَٔاْلاَو (7:73) This is the she camel of Allah ِهِذَهالل ُةَقَانِه LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 28 (7:73) This is the she camel of Allah ِهِذَهالل ُةَقَانِه (48:29) Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ٌدَّمَحُمالل ُلْوُسَرِه (6:127) For them is the home of safety ْمُهَلِمَالَّالس ُراَد (40:55 & 77) Therefore have patience (O Muhammad). Lo (surely, certainly)! The promise of Allah is true َّنِٕا ْرِب ْاصَفِهَّلال َدْعَوٌّقَح
- 29. ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُمNominal Sentences with ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (of) Allah Messenger Muhammad ِهالل ُلْوُسَر ٌدَّمَحُم ،ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ،ِةَلَالَجْلا ُظْفَلٌروُرْجَم َوُهَو ٌرَبَخٌاف َضُم ٌٔاَدَتْبُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 29 The student’s pen is broken broken (of) the student pen ٌروُسْكَم ِبِالَّطال ُمَلَق ٌرَبَخ ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌٔاَدَتْبُمَوُهَوٌاف َضُم
- 30. ِهِذَه َكْلِتFeminine: This(ِهِذَه) vs. That ( َكْلِت) ٌةَراَّيَس َكْلِتThat is a car (ٌةَراَّيَس َكْلِت) ِهِذَه ِهِذاَه ٌَّثنَؤُم ٌرَّكَذُم ِهِذَه اَذَه ِِيبرَقْلِل ِةَراَش ِٕاْلا ُمْسِا َكْلِت َكِلَذ ِديِعَبْلِل ِةَراَش ِٕاْلا ُمْسِا LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 30 ِهِذَه is pronounced as ِهِذاَه but is written without the alif This is a watch (ٌةَعاَس ِهِذَه)This is a watch (ٌةَعاَس ِهِذَه)
- 31. How to makeFeminine noun from Masculine noun ٌسِّرَدُمٌسِّرَدُمٌةــَسِّرَدُمٌةــَسِّرَدُم TeacherFemale teacher Adding a ُةَطوُبْرَمال ُاءَّتال at the end ُةَطوُبْرَمال ُاءَّتال : The closed ta : ة 1 Putting a ٌةَحْتَف (fathah) on the letter before ة2 ٌبِالَطٌبِالَطٌةـَـبِالَطٌةـَـبِالَط StudentFemale student ٌدِالَوٌدِالَوٌةَدِالَوٌةَدِالَو FatherMother ٌلاَزَغٌلاَزَغٌةَلاَزَغٌةَلاَزَغ GazelleFemale Usually nouns which refer to male humans (and animals) and adjectives may be made feminine by this method LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 31 Not all masculine nouns form a feminine counterpart in this way, e.g. ٌلاَزَغٌلاَزَغٌةَلاَزَغٌةَلاَزَغ GazelleFemale gazelle ٌريِبَكٌريِبَكٌةَيرِبَكٌةَيرِبَك BigBig (female) ٌبَٔاٌبَٔاٌّمُٔاٌّمُٔا FatherMother ٌخَٔاٌخَٔاٌتْخُٔاٌتْخُٔا BrotherSister ٌدَلَوٌدَلَوٌتْنِبٌتْنِب BoyGirl feminine by this method
- 32. Gender of BodyMembers ٌسْٔاَرٌسْٔاَر (head) ٌفْنَٔا (nose) ٌدَي (hand) ٌنْيَع (eye) Double members are usually feminine Single members are usually masculine LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 32 ٌفْنَٔاٌفْنَٔا (nose) ٌهْجَوٌهْجَو (face) ٌمَفٌمَف (mouth) ٌنْيَعٌنْيَع (eye) ٌنُذُٔا (ear) ٌلِْجر (leg)
- 33. Gender and NominalSentence Gender ofٌٔاَدَتْبُم and ٌرَبَخ should be the same ٌرَّكَذُم ٌَّثنَؤُم ٌدَّمَحُمٌبِلاَط ُةَمِاطَفٌةَبِلاَط ُابَتِكالٌديِدَج ُةَراَّيَّالسٌةَديِدَج LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 33 ُابَتِكالٌديِدَج ُةَراَّيَّالسٌةَديِدَج اَذَهٌيكِد ِهِذَهٌةَاجَجَد َكِلَذٌابَب ٌةَذِفَان َكْلِت
- 34. This house This houseis new ٌلَدَبSubstitute - ٌلَدَب ٌديِدَج اَذَه ٌديِدَج ُيتَالب This is new ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم The house is new ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) ٌديِدَج ُيتَالب اَذَه (is) new The house This This house 34 ٌرَبَخ ٌلَدَب ٌٔاَدَتْبُم A definite noun (ٌةَفِرعَم ٌمسِا) following a demonstrative pronoun (ِةَراَش ِٕاْلا ُمسِا), is called a substitute (ٌلَدَب). There are other types of substitutes, which we will learn later
- 35. ٌفْرَظAdverb - ٌفْرَظ ِانَكَمْلاُفْرَظExamples of Adverb of Place ( ِانَكَمْلا ُفْرَظ) ٌفْرَظ is a noun that indicates the place or time ٌفْرَظ acts like a ٌاف َضُم , so the noun following it is ٌاف َضُمِهيَلِٕا ٌفْرَظ can never be aٌٔاَدَتْبُم (subject), even if the sentence starts with it َفْلَخَفْلَخ (behind) َكاَنُهَكاَنُه (there) اَنُهاَنُه (here) َقْوَفَقْوَف (over) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) َتْحَتَتْحَت (under) َفْلَخَفْلَخ (behind) َماَمَٔا (in front) ِانَمَّزْلا ُفْرَظExamples of Adverb of Time ( ِانَمَّزْلا ُفْرَظ) َكاَنُهَكاَنُه َموَاليَموَالي (today) َربُقَربُق (near) َينَبَينَب (between) ًادَغ (tomorrow)ِسمَٔا (yesterday) ًايلَلًايلَل (night) ًاحَب َصًاحَب َص (morning) ًاءَسَمًاءَسَم (evening)ًاهرُظًاهرُظ (noon)
- 36. Examples from Quran- ٌفْرَظ (16:88) Those who disbelieved and averted [others] from the way of Allah - We will increase them in punishment over [their] punishment for what corruption they were causing. اًباَذَع ْمُهَانْدِز ِهـَّلال ِيلِبَس نَع ُّواد َصَو واَُرفَك َينِذَّلاَقْوَف ﴿النحل َنُودِسْفُي ُوانَاك اَمِب ِابَذَعْلا:٨٨﴾ (48:18) Allah was pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree and He knew what was in their hearts. Therefore, He sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded them with a victory close by. ََكنوُعِياَبُي ْذِٕا َينِنِمْؤُمْلا ِنَع ُهـَّلال َيِضَر ْدَقَّلَتْحَتِةَرَجَّالش اًِيبرَق اًحْتَف ْمُهَبَاثَٔاَو ْمِهْيَلَع َةَنيِكَّالس َلَزنَٔاَف ْمِهِبوُلُق يِف اَم َمِلَعَف ﴿الفتح:١٨﴾ (4:159) And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in Jesus before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection ۖ ِهِتْوَم َلْبَق ِهِب َّنَنِمْؤُيَل اَّلِٕا ِابَتِكْلا ِلْهَٔا ْنِّم نِٕاَوَمْوَيَوِةَماَيِقْلا ﴿النساء ًاديِهَش ْمِهْيَلَع ُنوُكَي:١٥٩﴾ LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 36 before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them a witness. ۖ ِهِتْوَم َلْبَق ِهِب َّنَنِمْؤُيَل اَّلِٕا ِابَتِكْلا ِلْهَٔا ْنِّم نِٕاَوَمْوَيَوِةَماَيِقْلا ﴿النساء ًاديِهَش ْمِهْيَلَع ُنوُكَي:١٥٩﴾ (18:23-24) And never say of anything, "Indeed, I will do that tomorrow," . Except [when adding], "If Allah wills." And remember your Lord when you forget [it] and say, "Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is nearer than this to right conduct." َكِلَٰذ ٌلِعاَف ِّينِٕا ٍءْيَشِل َّنَلُوقَت اَلَوًادَغ﴿الكهف:٢٣اَّلِٕا ﴾ ِنَيِدْهَي نَٔا ٰىَسَع ْلُقَو َيت َِسن اَذِٕا َكَّبَّر ُركْذاَو ۚ ُهـَّلال َاءَشَي نَٔا ﴿الكهف ًادَشَر اَذٰـَه ْنِم َبَرْقَٔاِل يِّبَر:٢٤﴾ (2:285) All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], "We make no distinction between any of His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination." ُقِّرَفُن اَل ِهِلُسُرَو ِهِبُتُكَو ِهِتَكِئَالَمَو ِهـَّلالِب َنَمٓا ٌّلُكَنْيَبنِّم ٍدَحَٔا ُيرِصَمْلا َكْيَلِٕاَو اَنَّبَر ََكناَرْفُغ ۖ اَنْعَطَٔاَو اَنْعِمَس واُلاَقَو ۚ ِهِلُسُّر ﴿البقرة:٢٨٥﴾
- 37. ٌتْعَنAdjective - ٌتْعَن Anew house ٌديِدَج ٌيتَب A noun that describes or qualifies another noun is called ٌتْعَن (adjective) The noun being described or qualified is called ٌوتُعنَم A house ٌيتَب ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) In Arabic the ٌتْعَن (adjective) comes after the ٌوتُعنَم. In English, the adjective comes before the noun it qualifies ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن is also called ٌةَفِص Adjective = ٌتْعَن = ٌةَفِص ٌوتُعنَم is also called ٌوف ُصْوَم Noun Qualified = ٌوتُعنَم = ٌوف ُصْوَم
- 38. ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمAgreements betweenٌتْعَن and ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن and ٌوتُعنَم should be in agreement in the following: This is a small boy ٌريِغ َص ٌدَلَو اَذَه This is a small girl ٌةَيرِغ َص ٌنتِب ِهِذَهGender 1 The new teacher is in the class ِصلَفال يِف ُديِدَالج ُسِّرَدُمال Bilal is a new teacher ٌديِدَج ٌسِّرَدُم ٌلَالِب Indefinite vs.Indefinite vs. definite 2 ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) ِصلَفال يِف ُديِدَالج ُسِّرَدُمال ٌديِدَج ٌسِّرَدُم ٌلَالِبdefinitedefinite I am in a new house ٍديِدَج ٍيتَب يِف نأَا This is a new house ٌديِدَج ٌيتَب اَذَهCase 3 That is a new student ٌديِدَج ٌبِالَط َكِلَذ Those are new students ٌدُدُج ٌَّابلُط َكِئَلؤُاNumber 4 ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَم
- 39. ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌتْعَنNominal Sentencewith ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌتْعَن The broken chair is in the room ِةَفْرُغال يِف ُرْوُسْكَمال ُّي ِسْرُكال ٌمْسِاٌروُرْجَم ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌٔاَدَتْبُم The sparrow is a small bird ٌرْيِغ َص ٌرِئاَط ُرْوُف ْصُعال ٌتْعَن ٌرَبَخٌوتُعنَمَو ٌٔاَدَتْبُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 39 ٌمْسِاٌروُرْجَم ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌتْعَن ٌٔاَدَتْبُمٌوتُعنَمَو ٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم َو ٌّراَج I am in the secondary school ِةَّيِوَنَّاثال ِةَسَرْدَمال يِف َانَٔا ٌتْعَن ٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِاٌوتُعْنَمَو ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم َو ٌّراَج
- 40. ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌتْعَنReferences fromQuran - ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌتْعَن (5:15) Undoubtedly, there has to come to you from Allah light and a luminous Book. َو ٌرُون ِهـَّلال َنِّم ُمكَاءَج ْدَقٌنيِبُّم ٌابَتِك﴿المائدة:١٥﴾ (68:4) And undoubtedly, you possess excellent manners. ٰىَلَعَل ََّكنِٕاَوٍميِظَع ٍقُلُخ﴿القلم:٤﴾ (44:17) and an honourable Messenger came to them. ْمُهَاءَجَوٌمِيرَك ٌلوُسَر﴿الدخان:١٧﴾ (1:6) Guide us in the straight path. َانِدْهاَميِقَتْسُمْلا َاطَر ِّالص﴿الفاتحة:٦﴾ LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 40 (1:6) Guide us in the straight path. َانِدْهاَميِقَتْسُمْلا َاطَر ِّالص﴿الفاتحة:٦﴾ (45:10) And for them is a great torment. ْمُهَلَوٌميِظَع ٌابَذَع﴿الجاثية:١٠﴾ (8:274) For them is forgiveness and honourable provision. َو ٌةَرِفْغَّم مُهَّلٌمِيرَك ٌقْزِرنفالٔا﴿ال:٧٤﴾ (61:13) help from Allah and a near victory ﴿الصف:١٣﴾ ِهـَّلال َنِّم ٌر َْصنٌِيبرَق ٌحْتَفَوۗ◌
- 41. ٌتْعَنWhere is theٌتْعَن? ٌةَلْهَس ٌةَغُل ُةَّيِبَرَعال The Arabic is an easy language ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌةَلْهَس ُةَّيِبَرَعال ُةَغُّلال The Arabic language is easy LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 41 ٌةَلْهَس ُةَّيِبَرَعال ُةَغُّلال ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌٔاَدَتْبُم
- 42. ٌتْعَنٌتْعَن or not Thisis a new book ٌديِدَج ٌابَتِك اَذَه ٌتْعَن ٌرَبَخٌوتُعنَمَو ٌٔاَدَتْبُم The new book is heavy ٌلْيِقَث ُديِدَالج ُابَتِالك ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌٔاَدَتْبُموٌوتُعنَم This book is new ٌديِدَج ُابَتِكال اَذَه ٌرَبَخ ٌلَدَب ٌٔاَدَتْبُم This new book is heavy ٌلْيِقَث ُديِدَالج ُابَتِالك اَذَه ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمَو ٌلَدَب ٌٔاَدَتْبُم 1 2 4 5 LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 42 ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌٔاَدَتْبُموٌوتُعنَم The book is new ٌديِدَج ُابَتِالك ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمَو ٌلَدَب ٌٔاَدَتْبُم Abbas is a merchant ٌرِاجَت ٌاسَبَع ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم 36
- 43. ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالاTheRelative Pronoun - ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا يِذَّلا is called the relative pronoun (ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا) It is translated as: “Who” – for all rational beings “Which” – for all irrational beings and things It is used for masculine singular. Feminine and plural will come later It is always followed by a description, which is known as ِول ُصْوَمال ُةَلِص LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 43 The man, who left the room, is a merchant ٌرِاجَت ِةَفْرُغال َنِم َجَرَخ يِذَّلا ُلُجَّرال ِول ُصْوَمال ُةَلِص ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا The book, which is on the table, belongs to the teacher ِسِّرَدُملِل ِبَتكَمال ىَلَع يِذَّلا ُابَتِالك ِول ُصْوَمال ُةَلِص ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا
- 44. يِذَّلا ٌَعتنيِذَّلا asٌَعتن The man is a merchant ٌرِاجَت ُلُجَّرال ٌرَبَخ ٌٔاَدَتْبُم The tall man is a merchant ٌرِاجَت ُلِيوَّطال ُلُجَّرال LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 44 The man, who left the room, is a merchant ٌرِاجَت ِةَفْرُغال َنِم َجَرَخ يِذَّلا ُلُجَّرال ٌرَبَخ ِول ُصْوَمال ُةَلِص ٌَعتنَو ُلو ُصْوَمال ُمْسِالا ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌرِاجَت ُلِيوَّطال ُلُجَّرال ٌرَبَخ ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعْنَمَو ٌٔاَدَتْبُم
- 45. The Past TenseVerb (يِاضَمال ُلْعِفال) Verb = Action = ٌلْعِف Doer = Subject = ٌلِعاَف Base form of all Arabic verbs is in the past tense (ٍضاَم) The base form of the verb always corresponds to the 3rd person singular masculine pronoun, i.e. he (َوُه) ٌلِاعَف ٌرِتَتْسُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 45 َوُه The doer of the action (ٌلِاعَف) is hidden (ٌرِتَتْسُم) within the base form of the verb (ٌلْعِف). Notice the hidden “he” in َجَرَخ َجَرَخ(He left) َجَرَخ
- 46. Anatomy of ThePast Tense Verb Almost all Arabic verbs can be traced back to a three letter verb. The remaining few exceptions are traced to a four letter verb. To understand their structure, the three letter verbs are defined on the pattern of فعل as follows. فعلل ع ف LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 46 َجَرَخ(He left) َجَرَخَج َر َخ فعلفعلل ع ف ٌةَمِلَك ف (1st radical) ٌةَمِلَك ع (2nd radical) ٌةَمِلَك ل (3rd radical)
- 47. Anatomy of ThePast Tense Verb ٌةَمِلَك ل ٌةَمِلَك ع ٌةَمِلَك ف Meaning ٌلْعِف َب َه َذ He went َبَهَذ َس َل َج He sat َسَلَج َر َص َن He helped َر ََصن LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 47 In the base form for all 3 letter past tense verbs: ٌةَمِلَك ف and ٌةَمِلَك ل always have a ٌةَحْتَف ٌةَمِلَك ع can have a ٌةَّم َض, ٌةَحْتَف, or ٌةَرَْسك َر َص َن َر ََصن َع ِم َس He heard َعِمَس َم ُر َك He became noble َمَُرك
- 48. Conjugation of PastTense Verb َجَرَخَجَرَخ We’ve learnt before that the base form of the verb contains “he” or “it” (َوُه) as the doer (ٌلِعاَف), so َجَرَخ means “He left”. Within the base form, this ٌلِعاَف is considered hidden (ٌرِتَتسُم), i.e., there is no letter in the verb, which explicitly represents the ٌلِعاَف Since this alif represents “They (2)”, He/it َوُه In order to say “They (2) left”, an alif is added at the end LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 48 َجَرَخَجَرَخاا ++==ـَجَرَخـاَجَرَخا Since this alif represents “They (2)”, who did the action, it acts as the ٌلِاعَف َجَرَخَجَرَخوو ++==ـُجَرَخْوا ـُجَرَخْواThis alif is called ِةَياَقِوال ُفِلَٔا (alif of protection). It protects the وfrom being mistaken for the conjunction و (and). It is written but not pronounced Notice the original ٌةَتحَف changed to a ٌةَّم َض once waw was added. This is done for phonetic convenience as اْوُجَرَخ is easier to pronounce than اْوَجَرَخ They (2) اَمُه They (>2) ْمُه In order to say “They (>2) left”, a waw is added at the end. This waw acts as the ٌلِاعَف
- 49. Conjugation of PastTense Verb َجَرَخَجَرَخْتْت ++==ْتَجَرَخْتَجَرَخ The ِيثِنْٔاَّتال ُاءَت is not a ٌلِاعَف. Instead the ٌلِاعَف is considered hidden (ٌرِتَتسَم) in this form and is implied as “She/It (f)” ( َيِه) َيِهShe/It (f) َيِه Since this alif represents “They (2)”, In order to say “She left”, the base form of the verb is feminized by adding a ta of feminizing ( ِيثِنْٔاَّتال ُاءَت) In order to say “They (2, f) left”, an alif is added at the end of the feminized form LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 49 ْتَجَرَخْتَجَرَخاا ++==ـَتَجَرَخـاَتَجَرَخا Since this alif represents “They (2)”, who did the action, it acts as the ٌلِاعَف They (2,f) اَمُه َجَرَخَجَرَخَنَن ++==ْجَرَخَنْجَرَخَن Since this َن represents “They (>2,f)”, who did the action, it acts as the ٌلِاعَف They (>2,f) َّنُه Notice the ٌةَتحَف on the 3rd radical changes to a ٌنوُكُس in this case. For the complete conjugation of past tense verb for all 14 pronouns, please see the next page In order to say “They (>2, f) left”, a َنis added to the end
- 50. Conjugation of ThePast Tense Verb ٌلِعاَف Suffix He left َجَرَخ ٌرِتَتسُم َوُه He They (2) left َجَرَخْا ْا ْا اَمُه They (2) They (>2) left ُجَرَخْوا ْو اْو ْمُه They (>2) She left ْتَجَرَخ ٌرِتَتسُم ْت َيِه She They (2) left َتَجَرَخْا ْا ْاَت اَمُه They (2) They (>2,f) left ْجَرَخَن َن َن َّنُه They (>2,f) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 50 They (>2,f) left ْجَرَخَن َن َن َّنُه They (>2,f) You left ْجَرَخَت َت َت َتْنَٔا You You (2) left ْجَرَخاَمُت اَمُت اَمُت اَمُتْنَٔا You (2) You (>2) left ْجَرَخْمُت ْمُت ْمُت ْمُتْنَٔا You (>2) You left ْجَرَخِت ِت ِت ِتْنَٔا You You (2) left ْجَرَخاَمُت اَمُت اَمُت اَمُتْنَٔا You (2) You (>2,f) left ْجَرَخَّنُت َّنُت َّنُت َّنُتْنَٔا You (>2,f) I left ْجَرَخُت ُت ُت َانَٔا I We left ْجَرَخاَن َان َان ُنَْحن We
- 51. Conjugation of ThePast Tense Verb Examples ٌلِعاَف Suffix َمَُرك َعِمَس َبَهَذ َجَرَخ ٌرِتَتسُم َوُه He َمَُركْا َعِمَسْا َبَهَذْا َجَرَخْا ْا ْا اَمُه They (2) ُمَُركْوا ُعِمَسْوا ُبَهَذْوا ُجَرَخْوا ْو اْو ْمُه They (>2) ْتَمَُرك ْتَعِمَس ْتَبَهَذ ْتَجَرَخ ٌرِتَتسُم ْت َيِه She َتَمَُركْا َتَعِمَسْا َتَبَهَذْا َتَجَرَخْا ْا ْاَت اَمُه They (2) ْمَُركَن ْعِمَسَن ْبَهَذَن ْجَرَخَن َن َن َّنُه They (>2) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 51 ْمَُركَن ْعِمَسَن ْبَهَذَن ْجَرَخَن َن َن َّنُه They (>2) ْمَُركَت ْعِمَسَت ْبَهَذَت ْجَرَخَت َت َت َتْنَٔا You ْمَُركاَمُت ْعِمَساَمُت ْبَهَذاَمُت ْجَرَخاَمُت اَمُت اَمُت اَمُتْنَٔا You (2) ْمَُركْمُت ْعِمَسْمُت ْبَهَذْمُت ْجَرَخْمُت ْمُت ْمُت ْمُتْنَٔا You (>2) ْمَُركِت ْعِمَسِت ْبَهَذِت ْجَرَخِت ِت ِت ِتْنَٔا You ْمَُركاَمُت ْعِمَساَمُت ْبَهَذاَمُت ْجَرَخاَمُت اَمُت اَمُت اَمُتْنَٔا You (2) ْمَُركَّنُت ْعِمَسَّنُت ْبَهَذَّنُت ْجَرَخَّنُت َّنُت َّنُت َّنُتْنَٔا You (>2) ْمَُركُت ْعِمَسُت ْبَهَذُت ْجَرَخُت ُت ُت َانَٔا I ْمَُركاَن ْعِمَساَن ْبَهَذاَن ْجَرَخاَن َان َان ُنَْحن We
- 52. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) Muhammad’s book. ٍدَّمَحُم ُابَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم His book ُه ُابَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم His book ُهُباَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُم Your book َك ُابَتِك Your book َكُباَتِك ُه and َك are attached pronouns (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض) + LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 52 Your book َك ُابَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم َكُباَتِك ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُمَو ٌاف َضُم An attached pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض), when attached to a noun, is always ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم and the noun it is attached to is ٌاف َضُم The attached pronoun in this case is always ٌروُرْجَم +
- 53. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) From Muhammad ٍدَّمَحُم ْنِم ٌّراَجٌروُرْجَمَو Him From ُه ْنِم ٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِا ٍّرَج ُفْرَح From him ُهْنِم ٌّراَجٌروُرْجَمَو Them From ْنِم From them ْمُهْنِم ُه and ْمُه are attached pronouns (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض) + LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 53 Them From ْمُه ْنِم ٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِا ٍّرَج ُفْرَح ْمُهْنِم ٌّراَجٌروُرْجَمَو An attached pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض), when attached to a ٍّرَج ُفْرَح (preposition), is always ٌروُرْجَم ٌمْسِا +
- 54. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) vs. Detached Pronoun (ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض) 3rd Person Masculine Singular He, It ُه َوُه ٌدَرْفُم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌبِئاَغ “Dual” They (2) اَمُه اَمُه ىَّنَثُم Plural They ْمُه ْمُه ٌعْمَج Feminine Singular She, It اَه َيِه ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُم“Dual” They (2) اَمُه اَمُه ىَّنَثُم Plural They َّنُه َّنُه ٌعْمَج ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َضٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض (Detached Pronoun)ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َضٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض (Attached Pronoun) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 54 َّنُه َّنُه ٌعْمَج 2nd person Masculine Singular You َك َتْنَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌبَطاَخُم “Dual” You (2) اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ىَّنَثُم Plural You (>2) ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ٌعْمَج Feminine Singular You ِك ِتْنَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُم“Dual” You (2) اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ىَّنَثُم Plural You (>2) َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ٌعْمَج 1st person Masc. & Fem. Singular I ْي َانَٔا ٌدَرْفُم ٌَّثنَؤُمَو ٌرَّكَذُم ٌمِّلَكَتُم Plural We َان ُنَْحن ٌعْمَج
- 55. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) vs. Detached Pronoun (ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض) ُه َوُه اَمُه اَمُه ْمُه ْمُه اَه َيِه اَمُه اَمُه َّنُه َّنُه َك َتْنَٔا ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض Always ٌةَفِرْعَم (definite) Are ٌيِنْبَم (fixed) Always ٌعوُفْرَم (nominative) ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض Always ٌةَفِرْعَم (definite) Are ٌيِنْبَم (fixed) Always ٌروُجرَم (genitive) or ٌوب ُنصَم (accusative) LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 55 َك َتْنَٔا اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ِك ِتْنَٔا اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ْي َانَٔا َان ُنَْحن ٌوب ُنصَم Can be attached to a noun, verb or a particle This ي is called ِمِّلَكَتُمْلا ُاءَي (ya-ul mutakallim) – Ya of the first person
- 56. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) as ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌةَراَّيَس ٌابَتِك ُهُتَراَّيَس ُهُباَتِك His ُه َوُه اَمُهُتَراَّيَس اَمُهُباَتِك Their (2 mas.) اَمُه اَمُه ْمُهُتَراَّيَس ْمُهُباَتِك Their (>2 mas.) ْمُه ْمُه اَهُتَراَّيَس اَهُباَتِك Her اَه َيِه اَمُهُتَراَّيَس اَمُهُباَتِك Their (2 fem) اَمُه اَمُه َّنُهُتَراَّيَس َّنُهُباَتِك Their (>2 fem) َّنُه َّنُه The ُةَطوُبرَمال ُاءَتال changes to a ُةَوحُتفَمال ُاءَتال when it is followed by an attached pronoun. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 56 َّنُهُتَراَّيَس َّنُهُباَتِك Their (>2 fem) َّنُه َّنُه َكُتَراَّيَس َكُباَتِك Your َك َتْنَٔا اَمُكُتَراَّيَس اَمُكُباَتِك Your (2 mas.) اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُكُتَراَّيَس ْمُكُباَتِك Your (>2 mas.) ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ِكُتَراَّيَس ِكُباَتِك Your (fem) ِك ِتْنَٔا اَمُكُتَراَّيَس اَمُكُباَتِك Your (2 fem) اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُكُتَراَّيَس َّنُكُباَتِك Your (>2 fem) َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ْيِتَراَّيَس ْيِباَتِك My ْي َانَٔا اَنُتَراَّيَس اَنُباَتِك Our َان ُنَْحن The last letter of the ٌاف َضُم gets a ٌةََسرك when attached to ِمِّلَكَتُمْلا ُاءَي. A ٌةَّم َض on the last letter would have made the pronunciation difficult.
- 57. Attached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُمٌريِم َض) with Special Nouns ٌبَٔا ٌخَٔا ُبَٔاْوُه ُخَٔاْوُه ُه َوُه ُبَٔاْواَمُه ُخَٔاْواَمُه اَمُه اَمُه ُبَٔاْوْمُه ُخَٔاْوْمُه ْمُه ْمُه ُبَٔاْواَه ُخَٔاْواَه اَه َيِه ُبَٔاْواَمُه ُخَٔاْواَمُه اَمُه اَمُه ُبَٔاْوَّنُه ُخَٔاْوَّنُه َّنُه َّنُه Notice the extra و between ٌاف َضُم and ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم. By same token “Muhammad’s father” will be ٍدَّمَحُم وُبَٔا ٌخَٔاَو ٌبَٔا are 2 of the 5 special nouns, which take this extra و. Will learn the other later. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 57 ُبَٔاْوَّنُه ُخَٔاْوَّنُه َّنُه َّنُه ُبَٔاْوَك ُخَٔاْوَك َك َتْنَٔا ُبَٔاْواَمُك ُخَٔاْواَمُك اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ُبَٔاْوْمُك ُخَٔاْوْمُك ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ُبَٔاْوِك ُخَٔاْوِك ِك ِتْنَٔا ُبَٔاْواَمُك ُخَٔاْواَمُك اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ُبَٔاْوَّنُك ُخَٔاْوَّنُك َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ْيِبَٔا ْي ِخَٔا ْي َانَٔا ُبَٔاَنوا ُخَٔاَنوا َان ُنَْحن Will learn the other later. The rule for extra و does not apply when these nouns are followed by ِمِّلَكَتُمْلا ُاءَي
- 58. ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َضٌروُجرَم ٌماسAttached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض) as ٌروُجرَم ٌماس ىَلِٕا ْنَع ِهْيَلِٕا ُهْنَع ُه َوُه اَمِهْيَلِٕا اَمُهْنَع اَمُه اَمُه ْمِهْيَلِٕا ْمُهْنَع ْمُه ْمُه اَهْيَلِٕا اَهْنَع اَه َيِه اَمِهْيَلِٕا اَمُهْنَع اَمُه اَمُه َّنِهْيَلِٕا َّنُهْنَع َّنُه َّنُه The ورة ُصْقَم فِلَٔا at the end of ىَلِٕا changes to a ي (ya) when it is followed by an attached pronoun. Also notice the change from ُه to ِه for the attached pronoun. Same is true for ىَلَع LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 58 َّنِهْيَلِٕا َّنُهْنَع َّنُه َّنُه َكْيَلِٕا َكْنَع َك َتْنَٔا اَمُكْيَلِٕا اَمُكْنَع اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُكْيَلِٕا ْمُكْنَع ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ِكْيَلِٕا ِكْنَع ِك ِتْنَٔا اَمُكْيَلِٕا اَمُكْنَع اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُكْيَلِٕا َّنُكْنَع َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا َّيَلِٕا ْيِّنَع ْي َانَٔا اَنْيَلِٕا اَّنَع َان ُنَْحن َّيَلِٕا = ْي + يَلِٕا ىَلَع
- 59. ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َضٌروُجرَم ٌماسAttached Pronoun (ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض) as ٌروُجرَم ٌماس ِل ِب ُهَل ِهِب ُه َوُه اَمُهَل اَمِهِب اَمُه اَمُه ْمُهَل ْمِهِب ْمُه ْمُه اَهَل اَهِب اَه َيِه اَمُهَل اَمِهِب اَمُه اَمُه َّنُهَل َّنِهِب َّنُه َّنُه The preposition ِل gets a ٌةَحْتَف when it is followed by an attached pronoun, with one exception; see below. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 59 َّنُهَل َّنِهِب َّنُه َّنُه َكَل َكِب َك َتْنَٔا اَمُكَل اَمُكِب اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُكَل ْمُكِب ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ِكَل ِكِب ِك ِتْنَٔا اَمُكَل اَمُكِب اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُكَل َّنُكِب َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ْيِل ْيِب ْي َانَٔا اَنَل اَنِب َان ُنَْحن The preposition ِل retains its ٌةََسرك when it is attached to ِمِّلَكَتُمال ُاءَي
- 60. ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َضٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َضPast Tense Verb Suffix vs. ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض vs. ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض Past Tense Verb Suffix ٌلِصَّتُم ٌريِم َض ٌلَِصفْنُم ٌريِم َض ُه َوُه ْا اَمُه اَمُه ْوا ْمُه ْمُه ْت اَه َيِه َتْا اَمُه اَمُه َن َّنُه َّنُه LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 60 َن َّنُه َّنُه َت َك َتْنَٔا اَمُت اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا ْمُت ْمُك ْمُتْنَٔا ِت ِك ِتْنَٔا اَمُت اَمُك اَمُتْنَٔا َّنُت َّنُك َّنُتْنَٔا ُت ي َانَٔا َان َان ُنَْحن
- 61. ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتبُمَو ٌمَّدَقُمٌرَبَخEarly Predicate and Late Subject ( ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتبُمَو ٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ) The man is in the house ِيتَالب يِف ُلُجَّرال َو ٌّراَجٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم ٌٔاَدَتْبُم A man is in the house ٌلُجَر ِيتَالب يِف A ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش (phrase), e.g. ٌروُرْجَمَو ٌّراَج (prepositional phrase) or ٌفْرَظ (adverbial ٌٔاَدَتْبُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 61 ٌلُجَر ِيتَالب يِف ٌفْرَظ phrase) can never beٌٔاَدَتْبُم (subject), even though a sentence may begin with it. ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتْبُم َو ٌّراَجٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،ٌروُرْجَم A garden is in front of the masjid ٌةَقيِدَح ِد ِسجَمال َماَمَٔا ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتْبُم ٌاف َضَمِهيَلِٕا ٌفْرَظٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ ،ِةَلْمُالج ُهْب ِش ،
- 62. ٌعْمَجPlural ( ٌعْمَج) ٌعْمَجPluralٌعْمَج ٌري ِكسَت ٌعْمَجBroken Plural ٌري ِكسَت ٌعْمَجٌمِالَس ٌعْمَجSound Plural ٌمِالَس ٌعْمَج Sound Masculine Plural Sound Feminine Plural The singular word is broken to create the plural, e.g. ٌبِالَط -> ٌَّابلُط The singular word stays intact in the plural, e.g. ٌسِّرَدُم -> َنوُسِّرَدُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 62 ٌمِالَس ٌرَّكَذُم ٌعْمَج Sound Masculine Plural ٌمِالَس ٌرَّكَذُم ٌعْمَج ٌمِالَس ٌَّثنَؤُم ٌعْمَج Sound Feminine Plural ٌمِالَس ٌَّثنَؤُم ٌعْمَج ٌبِالَط -> ٌَّابلُط ٌمَلَق -> ٌمَالْقَٔا. Broken plurals have many patterns, as explained later.Has an ûna ( َنو) ending, e.g. ٌمِلسُم -> َنوُمِلسُم Has an âtun ( ٌات) ending, e.g. ٌةَمِلسُم -> ٌاتَمِلسُم Some nouns have multiple plural forms, e.g., ٌخَٔا has two plural forms 1) ٌةَوِْخٕا and 2) ُناَوِْخٕا
- 63. ٌلْوُعُف Patterns of BrokenPlural ٌمْوُُجنٌمَْجن ٌخْوُيُشٌخْيَش ٌلُعُف ٌبُتُكٌابَتِك ٌلُسُرٌلْوُسَر ٌلاَعِف LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 63 فعلKey: ٌلاَعِف ٌلاَبِجٌلَبَج ٌلاَجِرٌلُجَر ٌلاَّعُف ٌراَّجُتٌرِاجَت ٌابَّلُطٌبِلاَط
- 64. ٌلاَعْفَٔا Patterns of BrokenPlural ٌداَلْؤَاٌدَلَو ٌماَمْعَٔاٌّمَع َُاءلِعْفَٔا ُاءَقِد ْصَٔاٌقْيِد َص ُاءَّبِطَٔاٌبْيِبَط ٌةَلْعِف ُاءَبِبْطَٔا LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) ٌلْيِمَز 64 فعلKey: ٌةَلْعِف ٌةَوْخِٕاٌخَٔا ٌةَيْتِفىًتـَف َُاءلَعُف َُاءلَمُز ُاءََرقُفٌرْيِقَف We will learn more patterns later Diptote ( ِفْر َّالص َنِم ُعوُنْمَملَا)
- 65. Plural Demonstrative Pronouns اَذَهThisاَذَه ِءاَلُؤَهThese ِءاَلُؤَه Singular Plural ِهِذَهThis (f) ِهِذَه Singular ٌسِّرَدُم اَذَه This is a teacher ٌةَسِّرَدُم ِهِذَه This is a female teacher َنوُسِّرَدُم ِءاَلُؤَه These are teachers ٌاتَسِّرَدُم ِءاَلُؤَه These are female teachers LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 65 These plurals are for rational beings. For irrational things, we will learn the rules later, insha Allah َكِلَذThat َكِلَذ َكِئٰلؤُاThose َكِئٰلؤُا Singular Plural َلكِتThat (f) َلكِت Singular ٌةَبِالَط َلكِت That is a female student ٌاتَبِالَط َكِئٰلؤُا Those are female students ٌبِالَط َكِلَذ That is a student ٌَّابلـُط َكِئٰلؤُا Those are students
- 66. ٌتْعَن ِهْيَلِٕا ٌافَضُم َو ٌاف َضُمٌتْعَن for ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم َو ٌاف َضُم The teacher’s new book ُديِدَالج ِسِّرَدُمال ُابَتِك ٌتْعَن ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌوتُعنَمَو ٌاف َضُم The new teacher’s book ِديِدَالج ِسِّرَدُمال ُابَتِك ٌتْعَن ٌوتُعنَمَو ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم and ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم always come together, so the ٌتْعَن for either one of them LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 66 ٌاف َضُم and ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم always come together, so the ٌتْعَن for either one of them must come after ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم The case ending of the ٌتْعَن tells us if it is for ٌاف َضُم or ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم Note the ٌاف َضُم is definite if its ِهْيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم is definite, so its ٌتْعَن must also be
- 67. Singular ٌلِقاَع ٌلِقاَع ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغTreatmentof ٌلِقاَع vs. ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغ Plurals ٌسِّرَدُم اَذَه Singular َنوُسِّرَدُم ِءاَلُؤَه Plural Plural Singular This is a teacherThese are teachers ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌابَتِك اَذَهٌبُتُـك ِهِذَه This is a bookThese are books Plural Both the subject and predicate are plural The plural of an irrational noun is treated like a feminine singular. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 67 ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌابَتِك اَذَه Singular ٌبُتُـك ِهِذَه Feminine Singular Singular ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌةَعاَس ِهِذَه Singular ٌاتَعاَس ِهِذَه Feminine Singular Singular This is a watchThese are watches The treatment of a plural irrational noun as feminine singular is regardless of the gender of the singular form. In the above example, ٌابَتِك, the singular form, is masculine but its plural form is treated as a feminine singular. In the next example, ٌةَعاَس is feminine, and its plural form is also treated as feminine singular. Plural (ir) Plural (ir) Plural (ir) Plural of irrational noun = Feminine Singular That is why the demonstrative pronoun used in this example is feminine singular.
- 68. Singular ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغMore Examplesof ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغ Plurals ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌديِدَج ُمَلَقالٌةَديِدَج ُمَالْقَٔاال The pen is newThe pens are new Plural ٌلِقاَعٌديِدَج ُسِّرَدُمال Singular َنوُسِّرَدُمالٌدُدُج Plural Plural Singular The teacher is newThe teachers are new LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 68 ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌديِدَج ُمَلَقال Singular ٌةَديِدَج ُمَالْقَٔاال Feminine Singular Singular ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ٌةَديِدَج ُةَراَّيَّالس Singular ٌةَديِدَج ُاتَراَّيَّالس Singular The car is newThe cars are new Plural (ir) Feminine Singular Plural (ir) Plural (ir) Plural of irrational noun = Feminine Singular
- 69. Singular ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغEven MoreExamples of ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغ Plurals ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َوُه ُ؟ديِدَالج ُرَتْفَّدال َينَٔاِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َيِه ُ؟ةَديِدَالج ُرِتاَفَّدال َينَٔا Where is the new notebook? It is on the desk.Where are the new notebooks? They are on the desk. Plural ٌلِقاَعِل َْصفال يِف َوُه ُ؟ديِدَالج ُسِّرَدُمال َينَٔا Singular ؟ُدُدُالج َنوُسِّرَدُمال َينَٔاِل َْصفال يِف ْمُه Plural Plural Singular Where is the new teacher? He is in the class.Where are the new teachers? They are in the class. SingularPlural LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 69 ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َوُه ُ؟ديِدَالج ُرَتْفَّدال َينَٔا Singular ِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َيِه ُ؟ةَديِدَالج ُرِتاَفَّدال َينَٔا Feminine Singular Singular ُيرَغ ٍلِقاَع ِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َيِه ُ؟ةَديِدَالج ُةَعاَّالس َينَٔا Singular ِبَتْكَمال ىَلَع َيِهُ؟ةَديِدَالج ُاتَعاَّالس َينَٔا Singular Where is the new watch? It is on the desk.Where are the new watches? They are on the table. Plural (ir) Feminine Singular Plural (ir) Plural (ir) Plural of irrational noun = Feminine Singular SingularFeminine Singular Feminine Singular Singular
- 70. ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغReferences fromthe Holy Qur’an for ٍلِقاَع ُرْيَغ Plurals But give glad tidings to those who believe and work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath which rivers flow (2:25) ْمُهَل َّنَٔا ِتٰـَحِلٰـ َّٱلص ۟اوُلِمَعَو ۟اوُنَماَء َينِذَّلٱ ِرِّشَبَوٍۢتٰـَّنَجِىرْجَت ِتْحَت نِماَهُرٰـَهْنَٔاْلٱ...﴿البقرة:٢٥﴾ … Those are Limits (set by) Allah: Approach not nigh thereto … (2:187) ...ُدُودُح َكْلِتاَهوُبَرْقَت َالَف ِهـَّلال...﴿البقرة:١٨٧﴾ … And enter houses from their doors … (2:189) ...واُتْٔاَوَوتُيُبْلاِباَوْبَٔا ْنِماَه...﴿البقرة:١٨٩﴾ LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 70 (2:189) Alif, Lam, Ra. These are the verses of the clear Book. (12:1) ۚ الرُاتَيٓا َكْلِتِينِبُمْلا ِابَتِكْلا﴿يوسف:١﴾ Behold! he said to his father and his people, "What are these images, to which ye are (so assiduously) devoted?” (21:52) اَم ِهِمْوَقَو ِهيِبَٔاِل َلاَق ْذِٕايِتَّلا ُليِثاَمَّتال ِهِذٰـَهَنُوفِكاَع اَهَل ْمُتنَٔا نبياءٔا﴿ال:٥٢﴾ And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought. (59:21) َوُلاَثْمَٔاْلا َكْلِتُبِر َْضناَهَنوُرَّكَفَتَي ْمُهَّلَعَل ِساَّنلِل﴿الحشر:٢١﴾
- 71. ٌدَادعَٔاNumbers - ٌدَادعَٔا ٌدِاحَو ١ ِٱِانَنْث ٢ ٌةَثَالَث ٣ ٌةَعَبْرَٔا ٤ ٌةَسْمَخ ٥ ٌةَّت ِس Numbers (ٌدَادعَٔا singular: ٌدَدَع) in Arabic are fully declinable nouns The noun being counted with a number is called ٌدُودعَم The rules for the ٌدَدَع and the ٌدُودعَم change after every few numbers LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 71 ٌةَّت ِس ٦ ٌةَعْبَس ٧ ٌةَيِناَمَث ٨ ٌةَعْسِت ٩ ٌةَرَشَع ١٠
- 72. Rules for Numbers1 to 10 ٌدِاحَو ٌخَٔا ٌةَدِاحَو ٌتْخُٔا ِانَنْثِا ِانَوَخَٔا ِانَتَنْثِا ِانَتْخُٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَثَالَث َُاثلَثٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَعَبْرَٔا ُعَبْرَٔاٍاتَوَخَٔا Both 1 and 2 follow the noun as adjective, so the ٌدَدَع and the ٌدُودعَم follow all the rules of ٌوتُعنَمَو ٌَعتن. Numbers 1 - 2 Number ( ٌدَدَع) Numbers 3 - 10 ٌدُودعَم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌدُودعَم ٌَّثنَؤُم LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 72 ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَعَبْرَٔا ُعَبْرَٔاٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَسْمَخ ُسْمَخٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَّت ِس ُّت ِسٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَعْبَس ُعْبَسٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَيِناَمَث ْيِناَمَثٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَعْسِت ُعْسِتٍاتَوَخَٔا ٍةَوِْخٕا ُةَرَشَع ُرْشَعٍاتَوَخَٔا • Comes before the ٌدُودعَم • Is ٌاف َضُم (hence no tanwin or ال) Noun being counted ( ٌدُودعَم) • Is ِهيَلِٕا ٌاف َضُم (hence ٌروُجرَم) • Is ٌعمَج The gender of ٌدَدَع and ٌدُودعَم is opposite
- 73. Case Endings forSingular, Dual and Sound Plural ٌَّثنَؤُم ٌرَّكَذُم ٌروُجرَم )ُةَمَالَعِّرَالج( ٌوب ُنصَم )ُةَمَالَعِصبَنال( ٌعوُفرَم )ُةَمَالَعِفعَالر( ٌروُجرَم )ُةَمَالَعِّرَالج( ٌوب ُنصَم )ُةَمَالَعِصبَنال( ٌعوُفرَم )ُةَمَالَعِفعَالر( ٌدَرْفُمٌمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ٌمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ًامِلسُم )ُةََتحفال( ًامِلسُم )ُةََتحفال( ٍمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٍمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٌةَمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ٌةَمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ًةَمِلسُم )ُةََتحفال( ًةَمِلسُم )ُةََتحفال( ٍةَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٍةَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( َمِلسُماِن َمِلسُماِنَمِلسُميِن َمِلسُميِنَمِلسُميِن َمِلسُميِنَتَمِلسُماِن َتَمِلسُماِنَتَمِلسُميِن َتَمِلسُميِنَتَمِلسُميِن َتَمِلسُميِن LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 73 ىَّنَثُم ٌعمَج ٌمِلاَس )ٌفِلَٔا( َمِلسُماِن )ٌفِلَٔا()ُاءَالي( َمِلسُميِن )ُاءَالي()ُاءَالي( َمِلسُميِن )ُاءَالي()ٌفِلَٔا( َتَمِلسُماِن )ٌفِلَٔا()ُاءَالي( َتَمِلسُميِن )ُاءَالي()ُاءَالي( َتَمِلسُميِن )ُاءَالي( ُمِلسُموَن )ْاوَوال( ُمِلسُموَن )ْاوَوال( ِمِلسُميَن )ُاءَالي( ِمِلسُميَن )ُاءَالي( ِمِلسُميَن )ُاءَالي( ِمِلسُميَن )ُاءَالي( ٌاتَمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ٌاتَمِلسُم )ُةَّم َّالض( ٍاتَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٍاتَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٍاتَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال( ٍاتَمِلسُم )ُةَسرَكال(
- 74. “My Class” -Grammatical Analysis (Book 1, Ch. 21) my school this ِتَسَردَمي ِهِذَه ٌٔاَدَتبُم َوُهَو ٌرَبَخ ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ِهيَلِٕا the masjid from near it ِد ِسجَمال َنِم ٌةَِيبرَق َيِه ٌٔاَدَتبُم ٌرَبَخ ٌّراَجٌروُجرَمَو big school it ٌةَيرِبَك ٌةَسَردَم َيِه ٌٔاَدَتبُم ٌرَبَخ ٌَعتن doors three it has ٍابَوبَٔا ُةَثَالَث َلاَه ٌّراَج،ٌروُجرَمَو ،ِةَلمُالج ُهبِش ٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ ٌرَّخَؤُم ٌٔاَدَتبُم َوُهَو ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ِهيَلِٕا LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 74 now open it’s doors ٓالَاَن ٌةَوحُتفَم ُباَوبَٔااَه ٌٔاَدَتبُم َوُهَو ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ِهيَلِٕا ٌرَبَخ ٌرفَظ many classes the school in ٌةَيرِثَك ٌلو ُصُف ِةَسَردَمال يِف ٌّراَج، ٌروُجرَمَو ،ِةَلمُالج ُهبِش ٌمَّدَقُم ٌرَبَخ ٌرَّخَؤُمٌٔاَدَتبُم ٌَعتن our class this ُلصَفاَن اَذَه ٌٔاَدَتبُم َوُهَو ٌرَبَخ ٌاف َضُم ٌاف َضُم ِهيَلِٕا spacious class it and ٌع ِاسَو ٌلصَف َوُه َو ُرفَح ٍطفَع ٌٔاَدَتبُم ٌرَبَخ ٌَعتن
- 75. ِرف َّالص َنِمُعوُنمَملَاThe Diptote – ِرف َّالص َنِم ُعوُنمَملَا ٌدَّمَحُم ِسِّرَدُمال ُمسِا The teacher’s name is Muhammad ِريِدُمال ُمسِاُميِهاَبرِٕا The principal’s name is Ibrahim Triptoteِرف َّالص َنِم ُعوُنمَمالDiptote – ِرف َّالص َنِم ُعوُنمَمال No tanwîn Tanwîn ٍدَّمَحُم ىَلِٕا ُتْبَهَذىَلِٕا ُتْبَهَذَميِهاَبرِٕا 11 LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 75 ٍدَّمَحُم ىَلِٕا ُتْبَهَذ I went to Muhammad ىَلِٕا ُتْبَهَذَميِهاَبرِٕا I went to Ibrahim Majrûr case is represented with kasrahMajrûr case is represented with fathah22 Nouns which meet these two conditions are called Diptotes. E.g., ُميِهاَبرِٕاis a diptote. There are exceptions to this rule, which we will learn later, ُهَّلال َاءَش ْنِٕا
- 76. ِرف َّالص َنِمُعوُنمَملَاThe Diptote – ِرف َّالص َنِم ُعوُنمَملَا Following groups of nouns are diptotes # Group Examples 1 Feminine proper nouns ، ُبَنيَزُمُّنَهَج ،ُةَّكَم ،ُةَيجِدَخ 2 Masculine proper nouns ending with ta marbûtah (ة) ،ُةَماَسُٔا ،ُةَحْلَط ،ُةَزْمَحُةَفيِلَخ 3 Masculine proper nouns ending in ُنا ،ُنا َضَمَر ،ُناَيْفُسُناَمْثُع ،ُناَوْرَم 4 Adjectives on the pattern of ُنَالْعَف ،ُنٓالَم ،ُنَالَْسكُناَشْطَع ،ُناَب ْضَغ 5 ُلَعْفَٔا ُرَغ ْصَٔا ،ُرَوْنَٔا ،ُرَبْكَٔا ،ُدَمْحَٔا LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 76 5 Masculine proper nouns on the pattern of ُلَعْفَٔا ُرَغ ْصَٔا ،ُرَوْنَٔا ،ُرَبْكَٔا ،ُدَمْحَٔا 6 Adjectives on the pattern of ُلَعْفَٔا ،ُدَوْسَٔا ،ُضَيْبَٔا ،ُرَمْحَٔاُر َضْخَٔا 7 Non-Arabic proper nouns ،ُمَيْلِو ،ُميِهاَرْبِٕاُناَتسِكاَب ،ُدَادْغَب 8 Broken plurals on the following pattern: a. َُاءلِعْفَٔا b. َُاءلَعُف c. ُلِعَافَم d. ُليَِاعفَم ،ُاءَقِد ْصَٔاُاءَيِلْؤَا ،ُاءَيِوْقَٔا ،ُاءَيِنْغَٔا ُاءَرَزُو ،ُاءََرقُف ،َُاءلَمُز ُقِئَادَح ،ُهِكاَوَف ، ُبِتاَكَم ،ُِسرَادَم ،ُدِاجَسَم ُنيِاجَنَف ،ُيحِتَافَم ،ُليِداَنَم
- 77. ِرف َّالص َنَمُعوُنْمَمالReferences from the Holy Qur’an for ِرف َّالص َنَم ُعوُنْمَمال And [mention] when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing. (2:127) ُعَفْرَي ْذِٕاَوُميِهاَرْبِٕاَو ِتْيَبْلا َنِم َدِعاَوَقْلاُليِعاَمْسِٕاْلَّبَقَت اَنَّبَر ُميِلَعْلا ُعيِمَّالس َنتَٔا ََّكنِٕا ۖ اَّنِم﴿البقرة:١٢٧﴾ We said, 'O fire, be coolness and safety for Abraham!' (21:69) اًمَالَسَو اًدْرَب يِنُوك ُرَان اَي اَنْلُقٰىَلَعَميِهاَرْبِٕا﴿نبياءٔاال:٦٩﴾ Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the َلاَقُنْوَعْرِفَينِمَلاَعْلا ُّبَر اَمَو﴿الشعراء:٢٣﴾ LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 77 Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the worlds?“ (26:23) َلاَقُنْوَعْرِفَينِمَلاَعْلا ُّبَر اَمَو﴿الشعراء:٢٣﴾ Go to Pharaoh. Indeed, he has transgressed." (20:24) ِٕا ْبَهْذاٰىَلَنْوَعْرِفٰىَغَط ُهَّنِٕا﴿طه:٢٤﴾ This is Hell, which the criminals deny. (55:43) ِهِذٰـَهُمَّنَهَجَنوُمِرْجُمْلا اَهِب ُبِّذَكُي يِتَّلا﴿الرحمن:٤٣﴾ And will drive the criminals to Hell in thirst (19:86) َينِِمرْجُمْلا ُقوَُسنَوَمَّنَهَج ٰىَلِٕااًدْرِو﴿مريم:٨٦﴾
- 78. ِرَبَالخ ُعاَونَٔاTypes ofKhabar (ِرَبَالخ ُعاَونَٔا) A ٌرَبَخ can be one of the following:A ٌرَبَخ can be one of the following: One word ٌدَفرُم A phrase ٍةَلمُج ُهب ِش ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش ،ٌروُجرَمَو ٌراَج Prepositional Phrase ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش ،ٌرفَظ Adverbial Phrase A sentence ٌةَلمُج ٌةَّيِمٱس ٌةَلمُج Nominal Sentence ٌةـَّيـِلْعِف ٌةَلمُج Verbal Sentence 1 3 2a 2b 3a 3b 2 ٌدَفرُم One word 1 ٌدِامَحٌيبِبَط ُهوُخَٔا. ٌلَالِبَِصلفال َنِم َجَرَخ.ُابَتِالكَحتَتِبَتكَمال.ُابَتِالكِبَتكَمال ىَلَع.ُابَتِالكٌديِدَج. LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 78 In a nominal sentence, a ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش will always be a ٌرَبَخ, even though the sentence may begin with it. For example: 1) ِيتَالب يِفٌلُجَر. 2) َماَمَٔاٌةَقيِدَح ِيتَالب. The term ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش is applied only when it comes as a ٌرَبَخ in a nominal sentence. If this kind of phrase comes in a verbal sentence, it is NOT called ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش. It is only called ٌروُجرَمَو ٌراَج or ٌرفَظ. For example: 1) ِد ِسجَمال ىَلِٕا ٌلَالِب َبَهَذ. 2) ِةَرَجَّالش َحتَت ُدَلَوال َسَلَج. ُبَنْيَزٌريِغ َص ٌلْفِط اَهَل. ٌدِامَحِّيِرسُكال ىَلع َسَلَج. ُةـَنِٓماِةَسَردَمال ىَلِٕا ْتَبَهَذ. ٌرَبَخis always ٌعوُفرَم ٌرَبَخcan be indefinite or definite, but mostly it is indefinite. ُماَمِٕالاِد ِجْسَمال يِف. ُةَراَّيَّالسَماَمَٔاِيتَالب. ُسِّرَدُمالَدنِعِريِدُمال. ُةَمِاطَفٌةَراَّيَس اَهَدنِع. ُدْمَالحلِلِه. ٌدَّمَحُمٌبِالَط. ُنٓاْرُقالُابَتِكاللِه. A ٍةَلمُج ُهبِش (phrase) is either ٌروُجرَمَو ٌراَج (prepositional phrase) or ٌرفَظ (adverbial phrase)