This document provides notes on parts of speech in English and Arabic, the Arabic alphabet, Arabic vowel signs, indefinite and definite nouns in Arabic, the demonstrative pronouns "this" and "that" in Arabic. It covers topics like the three main parts of speech in Arabic being nouns, verbs and particles. It explains the 28 consonants in the Arabic alphabet and the three short vowels - dammah, fathah and kasrah. It also discusses how indefinite nouns are indicated by tanwin and definite nouns by alif lam. Finally, it provides details on the demonstrative pronouns "this" and "that" in Arabic and notes they are definite and masculine.

1. LQ Mississauga
Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
1 Parts of Speech 9 ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ 17 The Relative Pronoun (ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬)
2 Arabic Alphabets 10 Preposition (ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬) & Genitive case ( ) 18 The Past Tense Verb (‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬)
Topics
1
ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬
3 Arabic Vowel Signs 11 Detached Pronoun ( ) 19 Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
4 Indefinite vs. Definite 12 20 ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫خ‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬‫ب‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫م‬َّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬
5 This (‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬) vs. That ( َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬) 13 Gender Introduction 21 Plural (ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬)
6 Solar vs. Lunar Letters 14 Substitute (ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬) 22 Numbers (ٌ‫د‬‫َا‬‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬)
7 Noun Endings 15 Adverb ( ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬) 23 The Diptote ( ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ُ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬)
8 Nominal Sentence Intro 16 Adjective ( ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬) 24 Types of predicate (ِ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫الخ‬ ُ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬)

2. Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments
Nov. 23, 2012 1 Zahid Naeem Consolidated Part 1 thru 5 as one set
Dec. 17, 2012 2 Zahid Naeem Added some more pages for past tense verb
Feb. 2, 2013 3 Zahid Naeem Modified some pages for plurals
Mar. 21, 2013 4 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for irrational plurals
Apr. 25, 2013 5 Zahid Naeem Added some pages for diptotes
Nov. 3, 2013 6 Zahid Naeem Modified the slide for types of khabar
Sep. 10, 2014 7 Zahid Naeem Minor fixes for typos (‫مذكر‬)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 2
Mar. 24, 2015 8 Zahid Naeem Fixed a number of typos
ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Sabilillah – ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com

3. Parts of Speech – English vs. Arabic
English has eight parts of speech
1. Noun (A word which refers to a person, a place, or a thing, e.g. teacher, town, bus)
2. Pronoun (A word like he, they, and we used to replace a noun)
3. Adjective (A word that describes a noun, e.g. a tall man)
4. Adverb (A word that gives additional information about how, when or where an action takes
place, e.g. He walked slowly, They will arrive tomorrow)
5. Interjection (A word that is independent of other words and is used as is, e.g. hello and hi)
6. Verb (The action or doing word, e.g. sleep, eat, drink)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
7. Conjunction (A word joining two clauses in a sentence, e.g. and, because, but)
8. Preposition(A word used to relate a noun or pronoun to some other part, e.g. of, at)
Arabic has only three parts of speech
1. Noun ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
2. Verb ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
3. Particle ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
3

4. Parts of Speech – English vs. Arabic
English Arabic
Noun
Noun ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
Pronoun
Adjective
Adverb
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 4
Interjection
Verb Verb ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
Conjunction
Particle ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
Preposition

5. Arabic Alphabets
Arabic has 29 letters of alphabet
28 Consonants (have speech sound)
Alif - serves two purposes
Elongates a consonant, e.g. ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
Act as a bearer of ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ (hamza), e.g. ٌ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 5
‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
‫ء‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ق‬
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

6. Arabic Vowel Signs
Name Sign Sound Example
Dammah (ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) ‫ـ‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ “u”
ُ‫م‬ٌ‫س‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬
Fathah (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬) ‫ـ‬َ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ “a”
ُ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ٌ‫س‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬
Kasrah (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬) ‫ـ‬ِ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ “i” ْ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫د‬ٌ‫س‬
Arabic has 3 short
vowels
Long Vowel Sound Example
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 6
Long Vowel Sound Example
‫و‬ to elongate Dammah (ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) “û” ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ـو‬ُ‫ت‬ٌ‫ح‬
‫ا‬ to elongate Fathah (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬) “â” ‫ـا‬َ‫ب‬ٌ‫ب‬
‫ي‬ to elongate Kasrah (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬) “î” َ‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ٌ‫ص‬
Long vowels are
formed by adding the
associated letters to
the short vowels
Name Sign Example
Sukûn (ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫س‬) ‫ـ‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ َ‫م‬ْ‫ك‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫س‬
Absence of a vowel
sign is denoted by
Sukûn (ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫س‬)

7. Indefinite & Definite
Like English, Arabic nouns can be indefinite (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫َك‬‫ن‬) or definite (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬)
An indefinite noun is indicated by ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬, which doubles the vowel sign at the end
of the word, e.g.
A book – ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
A chair - ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬
A Definite noun is indicated by ‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ prefixed to the noun. This also results in
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
A Definite noun is indicated by ‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ prefixed to the noun. This also results in
eliminating the ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ at the end of the word, e.g.
The book - ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬
The chair - ُّ‫ي‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬
‫ـ‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ and ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ cannot coexist. So ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ will be incorrect
Please note many proper nouns, e.g. ٌ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬,ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫خ‬ end with ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬, but they are still
definite
7

8. ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬This (‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬) vs. That ( َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬)
ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬That is a door ( ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬)
Demonstrative pronoun ( ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬)
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ : ِ‫ِيب‬‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ : ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
Like all pronouns, these are definite
These are masculine , i.e. these are used when pointing to
masculine nouns
They have feminine counterparts – will learn later
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ and َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ are pronounced as ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ and َ‫ك‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ذ‬ respectively,
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 8
This is a book ( ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬)This is a book ( ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬)
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ and َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ are pronounced as ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ and َ‫ك‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ذ‬ respectively,
but are written without the alif

9. ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬What (‫ا‬َ‫م‬) vs. Who ( ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬)
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
Meaning “What” “Who”
Usage Used for irrational things
(ٍ‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬), e.g. non-living
things, animals, plants
etc.
Used for rational beings
(ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ق‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬). These include Allah
(‫ى‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫بح‬ُ‫س‬), humans beings,
jinns, and angels.
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 9
etc. jinns, and angels.
Example What is this? (‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬) Who is this? (‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬)

10. Particle of Interrogation and Answer
This is a house ( ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬)
Is this a house? (‫؟‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬)
Prefixing َٔ‫ا‬ to a statement turns it into a question
Used in this context َٔ‫ا‬ is called ِ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ (particle of interrogation)
‫لا‬ means “no”
ْ‫م‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ means “yes”
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 10
ْ‫م‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ means “yes”
‫لا‬ and ْ‫م‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ are called ِ‫اب‬َ‫و‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫ح‬ (particles of answer)

11. ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬
Solar Letters
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬
Lunar Letters
ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬
Solar vs. Lunar Letters (1 of 2)
28 Consonant Letters
1414
‫ال‬َّ‫ش‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫م‬ ‫ال‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
This distinction is only for pronunciation of
words starting with these letters when
prefixed with ‫الـ‬ (the definite article)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 11
‫ال‬َّ‫ش‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫م‬ ‫ال‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
The letter ‫ل‬ IS NOT pronounced. The correct
pronunciation is ash-shamsu, not al-shamsu
The letter ‫ل‬ IS pronounced. The
pronunciation is al-qamaru
‫ل‬
shaddah on the solar letter
The assimilation of ‫ل‬is indicated by the
shaddah on the solar letter
No shaddah is necessary on the lunar letter
Articulation of solar letters involves the tip
of the tongue, e.g., ‫ت‬,‫س‬,‫ش‬,‫ن‬,‫ر‬
Tip of the tongue plays no role for lunar
letters, e.g., ‫ب‬,‫ق‬,‫م‬,‫ك‬,‫و‬
‫ش‬‫ش‬is an example of a solar letter ‫ق‬‫ق‬is an example of a lunar letter

12. Solar vs. Lunar Letters (2 of 2)
ُ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ‫ش‬ ُ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ت‬
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬ َّ‫الص‬ ‫ص‬ ُ‫ب‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ ‫ث‬
ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ي‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ض‬ ُ‫ِّيك‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ‫د‬
ُ‫م‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ف‬ ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬‫ال‬ ٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ‫ق‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫الب‬ ‫ب‬
ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ك‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫الج‬ ‫ج‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 12
ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ي‬ َّ‫الض‬ ‫ض‬ ُ‫ِّيك‬‫د‬‫ال‬ ‫د‬
ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ‫ط‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َّ‫ذ‬‫ال‬ ‫ذ‬
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ه‬َّ‫ظ‬‫ال‬ ‫ظ‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬ ‫ر‬
ُ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ه‬َّ‫ز‬‫ال‬ ‫ز‬
ُ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ‫ن‬ ُ‫ك‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ ‫س‬
ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ك‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫الج‬ ‫ج‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫م‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫الح‬ ‫ح‬
ُ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ُ‫ز‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫الخ‬ ‫خ‬
ُ‫اء‬َ‫و‬َ‫اله‬ ‫ه‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫ع‬
ُ‫د‬َ‫الي‬ ‫ي‬ ُ‫َاء‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬‫ال‬ ‫غ‬

13. Noun Endings
In Arabic, nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence
These are called noun cases or case-endings ( ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬ِٕ‫ا‬)
English
Name
Arabic
Name
Ending
Vowel
Sign
Function in a
sentence
Examples
Nominative ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ Dammah Subject ‫الكتا‬ُ‫ب‬,‫كتا‬ٌ‫ب‬,ّ‫م‬‫مح‬ٌ‫د‬,‫با‬ٌ‫ب‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 13
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ‫الكتا‬ُ‫ب‬,‫كتا‬ٌ‫ب‬,ّ‫م‬‫مح‬ٌ‫د‬,‫با‬ٌ‫ب‬
Accusative ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ Fathah Object of a verb ‫الكتا‬َ‫ب‬,‫كتا‬ً‫ا‬‫ب‬,ّ‫م‬‫مح‬‫ًا‬‫د‬,‫با‬ً‫ا‬‫ب‬
Genitive ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ Kasrah Possessor of a thing, or
comes after a
preposition or an
adverb
‫الكتا‬ِ‫ب‬,‫كتا‬ٍ‫ب‬,ّ‫م‬‫مح‬ٍ‫د‬,‫با‬ٍ‫ب‬

14. ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬The Nominal Sentence (ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬)
A sentence that starts with a noun
Has a subject (ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬) and a predicate (ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬)
Both the subject and the predicate are always nominative (ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬)
The subject is mostly definite (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬)
The predicate is mostly indefinite (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 14
ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫َك‬‫ن‬
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬

15. ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬The Joining Hamza (ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬)
The ‫ا‬ in ‫الـ‬ (the definite article) is called ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬
If it is preceded by another word, it is not pronounced
E.g., ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ (the house) is pronounced al-baitu and ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ (and the house) is pronounced
as wa l-baitu and not wa al-baitu
ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ also appears in words without the ‫ال‬, e.g.,
ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ (name) – ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬
ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ا‬ (son) – َ‫م‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬
ٌ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬
(Joining, uniting,
attaching)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 15
ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ا‬ (son) – َ‫م‬َ‫ي‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬
To signify ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ as ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬, look for one of the following three conditions:
A symbol on alif, as
Without any or ‫ء‬ symbol on alif
Completely omitted in writing, e.g., ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬
Both ‫ا‬ and ‫ل‬ in ‫الـ‬ are not pronounced when a word starts with a solar letter and
is preceded with another word
E.g., َ‫و‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ج‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ is pronounced as wan-najmu and not wa al-najmu or wa an-najmu

16. ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬
As opposed to ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ , ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ is always pronounced, regardless of its
position in the sentence
ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ is usually written with a ‫ء‬ symbol on (or below) the Alif, as follows:
‫أ‬
‫إ‬
Examples:
ٌ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 16
ٌ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ (one) – ٌ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
ْ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ (when) – َ‫ك‬ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬...
ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬
(Cutting,
Discontinuing,
Separating)

17. ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬Examples from Quran ( ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬,ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬,ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ )
َ‫ٱ‬ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ل‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬‫ٱ‬‫۝‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َٰ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬‫ل‬ِ‫ن‬‫ٱ‬ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ح‬َّ‫ر‬‫ل‬ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ‫۝‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬‫ٱ‬ِ‫ِّين‬‫د‬‫ل‬‫۝‬
ُ‫د‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫َس‬‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫۝‬ِ‫ٱ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬‫ٱ‬َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫لص‬‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ص‬ ‫۝‬
Find solar letters (ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬), lunar letters (ُ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫ال‬ ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫الح‬) and instances
of ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ and ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬ in Surat ul-Fâtiha
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 17
ُ‫د‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫َس‬‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬‫۝‬ِ‫ٱ‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬‫ٱ‬َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫لص‬‫ٱ‬َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ص‬ ‫۝‬
‫ٱ‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫غ‬‫ٱ‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫وب‬ ُ‫ض‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ٱ‬َ‫ين‬ِّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َّ‫لض‬‫۝‬
Solar letter ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬Lunar letter ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ه‬

18. ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬Preposition (ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬) & Genitive Case (ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬)
Literal meaning of ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ is “a particle of pulling”
Examples of preposition (ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬):
In – ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
On – ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
From – ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
To – ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ت‬ got pulled to ِ‫ت‬ because
of the preceding ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 18
To – ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
When a noun is preceded by a preposition, it is said to
be in genitive case (ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬)
The house - ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬, In the house – ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
A house - ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬, In a house – ٍ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ is a ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ‫ش‬ (phrase) – It looks like a
sentence but is not one
ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
Same as
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬

19. More Prepositions and Examples from the Qur’ân
(59:21) Had We sent down this
Quran on a mountain …
َ‫ن‬ٓ‫ا‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ٍ‫ل‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ج‬... On ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
(96:2) He created man from a
clot
َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫نس‬ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ٍ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ From ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
(26:50) we shall but return to
our Lord
‫َّا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫ـــ‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ To ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
(97:1) We have indeed revealed
this (Message) in the Night of
Power
ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫َّا‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ In ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 19
(2:119) And thou will not be
asked about the owners of hell-
fire
ُ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ ِ‫ح‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫ص‬َٔ‫ا‬ About,
concerning ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
(2:284) To Allah belongs
whatever is in the heavens and
whatever is in the earth.
‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬ٰ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫و‬ Belongs to,
for
‫ــ‬ِ‫ل‬
(2:153) O ye who believe! seek
help with patient perseverance
and prayer; for Allah is with
those who patiently persevere.
‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫اس‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ٓ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬‫ـ‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ب‬ َّ‫الص‬
َ‫ِين‬‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬ َّ‫الص‬ َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ۚ ِ‫ة‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ َّ‫الص‬َ‫و‬
With, by,
at, in
‫ــ‬ِ‫ب‬
Notice the noun after the ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫رف‬َ‫ح‬ is ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ , i.e. it has a ٌ‫ة‬َ‫َسر‬‫ك‬ at the end

20. ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬Nominal Sentence with ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
Muhammad is in the mosque
the mosque in Muhammad
ِ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ،ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ‫ش‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 20
It is on a table
a table on It
ٍ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ،ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ‫ش‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬

21. ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬Detached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
3rd Person
Masculine
Singular He, It َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫غ‬
“Dual” They (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural They ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Feminine
Singular She, It
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬“Dual” They (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural They َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Singular You َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 21
2nd person
Masculine
Singular You َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬
“Dual” You (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural You (>2) ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Feminine
Singular You ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬“Dual” You (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural You (>2) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
1st person Masc. & Fem.
Singular I ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
Plural We ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬

22. ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬Detached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
Are never attached with any other word
Are always ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (definite)
Are ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ (nominative case), even though most of
them do not have a ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ (dammah) ending
Are fixed in their case, i.e. their ending does not
change
Fixed nouns in Arabic are called ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 22
َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
Fixed nouns in Arabic are called ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬

23. The Past Tense Verb (‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬)
Verb = Action = ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
Doer = Subject = ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬
Base form of all Arabic verbs is in the past tense (ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬)
The base form of the verb always corresponds to the 3rd person
singular masculine pronoun, i.e. he (َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬)
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 23
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
The doer of the action (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬) is hidden (ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬) within the base form of
the verb (ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬). Notice the hidden “he” in َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬(He left) َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬

24. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ – Possessed & Possessor
Used to convey a “possession” relationship between two nouns
Also referred to as ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬ َ‫ض‬ِٕ‫الا‬ (Al-Idaafatu)
English uses “of” or “ ’s ” for such relationship, e.g. Book of Bilal or Bilal’s
book
Made up of two parts:
Possessed (or possession) – ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Possessor – ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 24
ٍ‫َال‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
(of) Bilal book
Bilal’s book
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬
(of) the teacher table
The teacher’s table
ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Possessed - ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Can take any case ending,
as the need be
Never takes ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ (tanwîn)
or ‫الـ‬ (the definite article)
Is ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (definite) or ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ـر‬ِ‫َـك‬‫ن‬
(indefinite) based on
ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Possessor - ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Is always ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ (genitive
case)
Can take ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬ (tanwîn) or
‫الـ‬ (the definite article)
Can be ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ـر‬ِ‫َـك‬‫ن‬ (indefinite) or
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (definite)

25. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Definite vs. indefinite ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Different case endings for ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Noun after َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ is
always ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Examples of Valid ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬
(of) the teacher table
The teacher’s table
ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 25
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
(of) the teacher table on
On the teacher’s table
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬
(of) the teacher table Verily
Verily the teacher’s table
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
(of) the student book
The student’s book
ٍ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
(of) a student book
A student’s book
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫َك‬‫ن‬

26. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Incorrect vs. Correct ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ٍ‫َال‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ cannot have ٌ‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫و‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ت‬
ٍ‫َال‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ cannot have ‫ال‬
ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 26
ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ cannot be ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬
ٍ‫َال‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ً‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ cannot be ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬

27. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬More on ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Whose book?
(of) who book
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Even though ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ is ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ , it does not have ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬
(kasrah) ending, because it is ٌّ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬ (indeclinable).
Other similar examples:
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬ (Whose pen?)
ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬ِ‫ٱ‬ (Whose son?)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 27
Mosque of Allah’s Prophet
(of) Allah (of the) prophet mosque
‫الل‬ِ‫ه‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Notice two sets of ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬.
ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ is ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ in ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ُ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫س‬َ‫م‬ and it
is ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ in ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬.

28. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Examples from Quran - ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
(110:1) When comes the help of Allah … َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬‫الل‬ ُ‫ر‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬
(114: 1) Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ِ‫س‬‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬‫ال‬ ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬
(24:35) Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth
‫لل‬َ‫ا‬ُ‫ه‬ٰ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬ِ‫ات‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬
(7:73) This is the she camel of Allah ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬‫الل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 28
(7:73) This is the she camel of Allah ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬‫الل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ق‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬
(48:29) Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ٌ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬‫الل‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬
(6:127) For them is the home of safety ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ا‬‫ل‬َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬
(40:55 & 77) Therefore have patience (O
Muhammad). Lo (surely, certainly)! The promise
of Allah is true
َّ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ ْ‫اص‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ٌّ‫ق‬َ‫ح‬

29. ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬Nominal Sentences with ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah
(of) Allah Messenger Muhammad
ِ‫ه‬‫الل‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ٌ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬
،ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ،ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫ج‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ظ‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 29
The student’s pen is broken
broken (of) the student pen
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ق‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬

30. ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬Feminine: This (ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬) vs. That ( َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬)
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬That is a car (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬)
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ِ‫ِيب‬‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ ِ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 30
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ is pronounced as ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ but is written without the alif
This is a watch (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬)This is a watch (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬)

31. How to make Feminine noun from Masculine noun
ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ة‬‫ــ‬َ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ة‬‫ــ‬َ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ TeacherFemale
teacher
Adding a ُ‫ة‬َ‫ط‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ at the end
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ط‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ : The closed ta : ‫ة‬
1
Putting a ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ (fathah) on the letter before ‫ة‬2
ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ٌ‫ة‬‫ـ‬َ‫ـب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ StudentFemale
student
ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ FatherMother
ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ GazelleFemale
Usually nouns which refer to
male humans (and animals)
and adjectives may be made
feminine by this method
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 31
Not all masculine nouns form a feminine counterpart in this way, e.g.
ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ز‬َ‫غ‬ GazelleFemale
gazelle
ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ BigBig
(female)
ٌ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌّ‫م‬ُٔ‫ا‬ٌّ‫م‬ُٔ‫ا‬ FatherMother
ٌ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬ُٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬ُٔ‫ا‬ BrotherSister
ٌ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬ BoyGirl
feminine by this method

32. Gender of Body Members
ٌ‫س‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ٌ‫س‬ْٔ‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ (head)
ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ (nose)
ٌ‫د‬َ‫ي‬ (hand)
ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ (eye)
Double members are
usually feminine
Single members are
usually masculine
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 32
ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ (nose)
ٌ‫ه‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫ه‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ (face)
ٌ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ٌ‫م‬َ‫ف‬ (mouth)
ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ٌ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ (eye)
ٌ‫ن‬ُ‫ذ‬ُٔ‫ا‬ (ear)
ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ (leg)

33. Gender and Nominal Sentence
Gender ofٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ and ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ should be the same
ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫ف‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬
ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ال‬ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َّ‫الس‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 33
ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ال‬ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َّ‫الس‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬
‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ٌ‫يك‬ِ‫د‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫اج‬َ‫ج‬َ‫د‬
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ب‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫ف‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ت‬

34. This house
This house is new
ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬Substitute - ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫يت‬َ‫الب‬
This is new
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
The house is new
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫يت‬َ‫الب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
(is) new The house This
This house
34
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
A definite noun (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬) following a demonstrative pronoun
(ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ ِٕ‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫س‬ِ‫ا‬), is called a substitute (ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬). There are other types of
substitutes, which we will learn later

35. ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬Adverb - ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬
ِ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬Examples of Adverb of Place ( ِ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬)
ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬ is a noun that indicates the place or time
ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬ acts like a ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ , so the noun following it is ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬ can never be aٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ (subject), even if the sentence starts with it
َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ (behind)
َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ (there)
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ (here)
َ‫ق‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ف‬ (over)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ (under)
َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ (behind)
َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ (in front)
ِ‫ان‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ز‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬Examples of Adverb of Time ( ِ‫ان‬َ‫م‬َّ‫ز‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬)
َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫م‬‫و‬َ‫الي‬َ‫م‬‫و‬َ‫الي‬ (today)
َ‫رب‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫رب‬ُ‫ق‬ (near)
َ‫ين‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ين‬َ‫ب‬ (between)
ً‫ا‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬ (tomorrow)ِ‫س‬‫م‬َٔ‫ا‬ (yesterday)
ً‫ا‬‫يل‬َ‫ل‬ً‫ا‬‫يل‬َ‫ل‬ (night) ً‫اح‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ص‬ً‫اح‬َ‫ب‬ َ‫ص‬ (morning) ً‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫م‬ً‫اء‬َ‫س‬َ‫م‬ (evening)ً‫ا‬‫هر‬ُ‫ظ‬ً‫ا‬‫هر‬ُ‫ظ‬ (noon)

36. Examples from Quran - ٌ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ظ‬
(16:88) Those who disbelieved and averted
[others] from the way of Allah - We will increase
them in punishment over [their] punishment for
what corruption they were causing.
‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ْ‫د‬ِ‫ز‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ِ‫يل‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫س‬ ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ُّوا‬‫د‬ َ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫َر‬‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ف‬
‫﴿النحل‬ َ‫ن‬‫ُو‬‫د‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ُوا‬‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬:٨٨﴾
(48:18) Allah was pleased with the believers when
they swore allegiance to you under the tree and
He knew what was in their hearts. Therefore, He
sent down tranquility upon them and rewarded
them with a victory close by.
َ‫َك‬‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫ي‬ ْ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ض‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬َّ‫الش‬
‫ا‬ً‫ِيب‬‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ب‬‫َا‬‫ث‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َّ‫الس‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬
‫﴿الفتح‬:١٨﴾
(4:159) And there is none from the People of the
Scripture but that he will surely believe in Jesus
before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection
ۖ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫﴿النساء‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬:١٥٩﴾
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 36
before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection
he will be against them a witness.
ۖ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬َ‫م‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ِ‫ة‬َ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫﴿النساء‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬:١٥٩﴾
(18:23-24) And never say of anything, "Indeed, I
will do that tomorrow," . Except [when adding],
"If Allah wills." And remember your Lord when
you forget [it] and say, "Perhaps my Lord will
guide me to what is nearer than this to right
conduct."
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َٰ‫ذ‬ ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ِّي‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٍ‫ء‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ِ‫ل‬ َّ‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ُو‬‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ًا‬‫د‬َ‫غ‬‫﴿الكهف‬:٢٣‫ا‬َّ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ﴾
ِ‫ن‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫س‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫و‬ َ‫يت‬ ِ‫َس‬‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ك‬َّ‫ب‬َّ‫ر‬ ‫ُر‬‫ك‬ْ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ۚ ُ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫اء‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫﴿الكهف‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬َ‫ش‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ٰ‫ـ‬َ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ق‬َٔ‫ا‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ِّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬:٢٤﴾
(2:285) All of them have believed in Allah and His
angels and His books and His messengers,
[saying], "We make no distinction between any of
His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we
obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and
to You is the [final] destination."
ُ‫ق‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ُ‫س‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬ُ‫ت‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫ل‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ٓ‫ا‬ ٌّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫ح‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ير‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫َك‬‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫غ‬ ۖ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫و‬ ۚ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ُ‫س‬ُّ‫ر‬
‫﴿البقرة‬:٢٨٥﴾

37. ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬Adjective - ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬
A new house
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫يت‬َ‫ب‬
A noun that describes or
qualifies another noun is
called ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ (adjective)
The noun being
described or qualified
is called ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
A house
ٌ‫يت‬َ‫ب‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
In Arabic the ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ (adjective) comes after the ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬.
In English, the adjective comes before the noun it qualifies
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ is also called ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬
Adjective = ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ = ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ص‬
ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ is also called ٌ‫وف‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬
Noun Qualified = ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ = ٌ‫وف‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬

38. ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬Agreements between ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ and ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ and ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ should be in agreement in the following:
This is a small boy
ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
This is a small girl
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ير‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ‫نت‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬Gender
1
The new teacher is in the class
ِ‫صل‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬
Bilal is a new teacher
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬
Indefinite vs.Indefinite vs.
definite
2
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8)
ِ‫صل‬َ‫ف‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫َا‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬definitedefinite
I am in a new house
ٍ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٍ‫يت‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫نا‬َٔ‫ا‬
This is a new house
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫يت‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬Case
3
That is a new student
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ذ‬
Those are new students
ٌ‫د‬ُ‫د‬ُ‫ج‬ ٌ‫َّاب‬‫ل‬ُ‫ط‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ئ‬َ‫ل‬‫و‬ُٔ‫ا‬Number
4
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬

39. ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬Nominal Sentence with ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬
The broken chair is in the room
ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫غ‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُّ‫ي‬ ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
The sparrow is a small bird
ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ َ‫ص‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬ ُ‫ر‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ ْ‫ص‬ُ‫ع‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 39
ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ،ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ‫ش‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬
I am in the secondary school
ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫و‬َ‫ن‬‫َّا‬‫ث‬‫ال‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ،ِ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫الج‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ب‬ ِ‫ش‬ ،ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬

40. ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬References from Quran - ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬
(5:15) Undoubtedly, there has to come to
you from Allah light and a luminous Book.
َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ُو‬‫ن‬ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ‫ُم‬‫ك‬َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ٌ‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ُّ‫م‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫﴿المائدة‬:١٥﴾
(68:4) And undoubtedly, you possess
excellent manners.
ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫َّك‬‫ن‬ِٕ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ٍ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ ٍ‫ق‬ُ‫ل‬ُ‫خ‬‫﴿القلم‬:٤﴾
(44:17) and an honourable Messenger
came to them.
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫اء‬َ‫ج‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫م‬‫ِي‬‫ر‬َ‫ك‬ ٌ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬‫﴿الدخان‬:١٧﴾
(1:6) Guide us in the straight path. ‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫الص‬﴿‫الفاتحة‬:٦﴾
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 40
(1:6) Guide us in the straight path. ‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ ِّ‫الص‬﴿‫الفاتحة‬:٦﴾
(45:10) And for them is a great torment. ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ٌ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ظ‬َ‫ع‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ع‬﴿‫الجاثية‬:١٠﴾
(8:274) For them is forgiveness and
honourable provision.
َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫غ‬َّ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ل‬ٌ‫م‬‫ِي‬‫ر‬َ‫ك‬ ٌ‫ق‬ْ‫ز‬ِ‫ر‬‫نفال‬ٔ‫ا‬‫﴿ال‬:٧٤﴾
(61:13) help from Allah and a near victory ‫﴿الصف‬:١٣﴾ ِ‫ه‬‫ـ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِّ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬ ْ‫َص‬‫ن‬ٌ‫ِيب‬‫ر‬َ‫ق‬ ٌ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬َ‫و‬ۗ◌

41. ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬Where is the ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬?
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫س‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫ل‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬
The Arabic is an easy language
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫س‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
The Arabic language is easy
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 41
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫س‬ ُ‫ة‬َّ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُّ‫ل‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬

42. ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ or not
This is a new book
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
The new book is heavy
ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ث‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬‫و‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
This book is new
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ال‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
This new book is heavy
ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ث‬ ُ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫الج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ه‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
1
2
4
5
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 42
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬‫و‬ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬
The book is new
ٌ‫د‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ل‬َ‫د‬َ‫ب‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
Abbas is a merchant
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ٌ‫اس‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
36

43. ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬The Relative Pronoun - ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ is called the relative pronoun (ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬)
It is translated as:
“Who” – for all rational beings
“Which” – for all irrational beings and things
It is used for masculine singular. Feminine and plural will come later
It is always followed by a description, which is known as ِ‫ول‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 43
The man, who left the room, is a merchant
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫غ‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬
ِ‫ول‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬
The book, which is on the table, belongs to the teacher
ِ‫س‬ِّ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ِ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬‫ك‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫الك‬
ِ‫ول‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬

44. ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ٌ‫َعت‬‫ن‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ as ٌ‫َعت‬‫ن‬
The man is a merchant
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
The tall man is a merchant
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ِي‬‫و‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 44
The man, who left the room, is a merchant
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ِ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫غ‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ِ‫ول‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬ ٌ‫َعت‬‫ن‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫الا‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫اج‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ل‬‫ِي‬‫و‬َّ‫ط‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫ر‬‫ال‬
ٌ‫ر‬َ‫ب‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ن‬ ٌ‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌٔ‫ا‬َ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬

45. The Past Tense Verb (‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬‫ال‬)
Verb = Action = ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
Doer = Subject = ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬
Base form of all Arabic verbs is in the past tense (ٍ‫ض‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬)
The base form of the verb always corresponds to the 3rd person
singular masculine pronoun, i.e. he (َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬)
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 45
َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
The doer of the action (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬) is hidden (ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬) within the base form of
the verb (ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬). Notice the hidden “he” in َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬(He left) َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬

46. Anatomy of The Past Tense Verb
Almost all Arabic verbs can be traced back to a three letter verb. The
remaining few exceptions are traced to a four letter verb.
To understand their structure, the three letter verbs are defined on
the pattern of ‫فعل‬ as follows.
‫فعل‬‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 46
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬(He left) َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫خ‬
‫فعل‬‫فعل‬‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ف‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ (1st radical)
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ع‬ (2nd radical)
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ (3rd radical)

47. Anatomy of The Past Tense Verb
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ع‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ Meaning ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬ِ‫ف‬
َ‫ب‬ َ‫ه‬ َ‫ذ‬ He went َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬
َ‫س‬ َ‫ل‬ َ‫ج‬ He sat َ‫س‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬
َ‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ َ‫ن‬ He helped َ‫ر‬ َ‫َص‬‫ن‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 47
In the base form for all 3 letter past tense verbs:
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ and ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ل‬ always have a ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬ ‫ع‬ can have a ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬, ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ف‬, or ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َس‬‫ك‬
َ‫ر‬ َ‫ص‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ر‬ َ‫َص‬‫ن‬
َ‫ع‬ ِ‫م‬ َ‫س‬ He heard َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬
َ‫م‬ ُ‫ر‬ َ‫ك‬ He became noble َ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬

48. Conjugation of Past Tense Verb
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
We’ve learnt before that the base form of the verb contains “he” or “it” (َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬) as the doer
(ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬), so َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ means “He left”. Within the base form, this ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ is considered hidden (ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬),
i.e., there is no letter in the verb, which explicitly represents the ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬
Since this alif represents “They (2)”,
He/it َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
In order to say “They (2) left”, an alif is added at the end
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 48
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ++==‫ـ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ـا‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬
Since this alif represents “They (2)”,
who did the action, it acts as the ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫و‬‫و‬ ++==‫ـ‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬This alif is called ِ‫ة‬َ‫ي‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫و‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ (alif of
protection). It protects the ‫و‬from
being mistaken for the conjunction ‫و‬
(and). It is written but not pronounced
Notice the original ٌ‫ة‬َ‫تح‬َ‫ف‬ changed to a ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ once waw
was added. This is done for phonetic convenience as
‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ is easier to pronounce than ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
They (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
They (>2) ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
In order to say “They (>2) left”, a waw is added at the end. This waw acts as the ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬

49. Conjugation of Past Tense Verb
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ت‬ْ‫ت‬ ++==ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬
The ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ت‬ is not a ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬. Instead the
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ is considered hidden (ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬َ‫م‬) in this
form and is implied as “She/It (f)” (
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬)
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬She/It (f)
َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
Since this alif represents “They (2)”,
In order to say “She left”, the base form of the verb is feminized by adding a ta of feminizing
( ِ‫يث‬ِ‫ن‬ْٔ‫ا‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ت‬)
In order to say “They (2, f) left”, an alif is added at the end of the feminized form
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 49
ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ++==‫ـ‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ـا‬َ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬
Since this alif represents “They (2)”,
who did the action, it acts as the ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ They (2,f) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ن‬ ++==ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬
Since this َ‫ن‬ represents “They (>2,f)”,
who did the action, it acts as the ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ They (>2,f) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
Notice the ٌ‫ة‬َ‫تح‬َ‫ف‬ on the 3rd radical changes to a ٌ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫س‬ in this case.
For the complete conjugation of past tense verb for all 14 pronouns, please see the next page
In order to say “They (>2, f) left”, a َ‫ن‬is added to the end

50. Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ Suffix
He left َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ He
They (2) left َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (2)
They (>2) left ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2)
She left ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ت‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬ She
They (2) left َ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (2)
They (>2,f) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2,f)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 50
They (>2,f) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2,f)
You left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You
You (2) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (2)
You (>2) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (>2)
You left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You
You (2) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (2)
You (>2,f) left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (>2,f)
I left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ت‬ ُ‫ت‬ ُ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ I
We left ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ We

51. Conjugation of The Past Tense Verb Examples
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ Suffix
َ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ He
َ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (2)
ُ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬ ْ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2)
ْ‫ت‬َ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ ْ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ ٌ‫ر‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ت‬‫س‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ت‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬ She
َ‫ت‬َ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ْ‫ا‬ َ‫ت‬َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬ ْ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ They (2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 51
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َ‫ن‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ They (>2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (>2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ِ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ You (>2)
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ت‬ ُ‫ت‬ ُ‫ت‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ I
ْ‫م‬ُ‫َر‬‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ We

52. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
Muhammad’s book.
ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
His book
ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
His book
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
Your book
َ‫ك‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
Your book
َ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ُ‫ه‬ and َ‫ك‬ are attached
pronouns (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
+
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 52
Your book
َ‫ك‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
َ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
An attached pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬), when attached to a noun, is
always ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and the noun it is attached to is ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
The attached pronoun in this case is always ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬
+

53. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
From Muhammad
ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
Him From
ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
From him
ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
Them From
ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
From them
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ُ‫ه‬ and ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ are attached
pronouns (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
+
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 53
Them From
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬ ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬
ٌّ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ج‬ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
An attached pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬), when attached to a ٍّ‫ر‬َ‫ج‬ ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ح‬
(preposition), is always ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ج‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ا‬
+

54. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) vs. Detached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
3rd Person
Masculine
Singular He, It ُ‫ه‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬ِ‫ئ‬‫ا‬َ‫غ‬
“Dual” They (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural They ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Feminine
Singular She, It ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬“Dual” They (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural They َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ (Detached Pronoun)ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ (Attached Pronoun)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 54
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
2nd person
Masculine
Singular You َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫م‬
“Dual” You (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural You (>2) ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
Feminine
Singular You ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬“Dual” You (2) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ث‬ُ‫م‬
Plural You (>2) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬
1st person Masc. & Fem.
Singular I ْ‫ي‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫َّث‬‫ن‬َ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬
Plural We ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬ ٌ‫ع‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ج‬

55. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) vs. Detached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬)
ُ‫ه‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫َص‬‫ف‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬
Always ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (definite)
Are ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬ (fixed)
Always ٌ‫ع‬‫و‬ُ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ (nominative)
ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬
Always ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ (definite)
Are ٌ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫م‬ (fixed)
Always ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ (genitive) or
ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬ (accusative)
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 55
َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫ي‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
ٌ‫وب‬ ُ‫نص‬َ‫م‬
Can be attached to a noun,
verb or a particle
This ‫ي‬ is called ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬ (ya-ul
mutakallim) – Ya of the first
person

56. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) as ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ٌ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ His ُ‫ه‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Their (2 mas.) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Their (>2 mas.) ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Her ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Their (2 fem) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Their (>2 fem) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
The ُ‫ة‬َ‫ط‬‫و‬ُ‫ب‬‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ت‬‫ال‬ changes
to a ُ‫ة‬َ‫وح‬ُ‫ت‬‫ف‬َ‫م‬‫ال‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ت‬‫ال‬ when it
is followed by an
attached pronoun.
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 56
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Their (>2 fem) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your (2 mas.) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your (>2 mas.) ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ِ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your (fem) ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your (2 fem) ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Your (>2 fem) َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ My ْ‫ي‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫ر‬‫ا‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫س‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ Our ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
The last letter of the
ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ gets a ٌ‫ة‬َ‫َسر‬‫ك‬ when
attached to ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬. A
ٌ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ on the last letter
would have made the
pronunciation difficult.

57. Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) with Special Nouns
ٌ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ ٌ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫ه‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
Notice the extra ‫و‬ between
ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ٌ‫اف‬ َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬. By same
token “Muhammad’s father”
will be ٍ‫د‬َّ‫م‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫م‬ ‫و‬ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬
ٌ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ are 2 of the 5 special
nouns, which take this extra ‫و‬.
Will learn the other later.
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 57
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ِ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ْ‫و‬َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ي‬ ِ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬ ْ‫ي‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ُ‫خ‬َٔ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
Will learn the other later.
The rule for extra ‫و‬ does not
apply when these nouns are
followed by ِ‫م‬ِّ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫اء‬َ‫ي‬

58. ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫اس‬Attached Pronoun (ٌ‫ل‬ِ‫ص‬َّ‫ت‬ُ‫م‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ض‬) as ٌ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫جر‬َ‫م‬ ٌ‫م‬‫اس‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬
ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ َ‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
The ‫ورة‬ ُ‫ص‬ْ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َٔ‫ا‬ at the end of ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
changes to a ‫ي‬ (ya) when it is
followed by an attached
pronoun.
Also notice the change from ُ‫ه‬ to
ِ‫ه‬ for the attached pronoun.
Same is true for ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
LQ Mississauga – Madinah Book 1 Notes (v. 8) 58
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ه‬
َ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ك‬ َ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ك‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬ َّ‫ن‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
َّ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ْ‫ي‬ِّ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ْ‫ي‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬َٔ‫ا‬
‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫ن‬َ‫ع‬ ‫َا‬‫ن‬ ُ‫ن‬ْ‫َح‬‫ن‬
َّ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬ = ْ‫ي‬ + ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِٕ‫ا‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬