This document discusses the possessive construction in Arabic grammar. It explains that the possessive phrase "افضم and هيلا افضم" combines two nouns, with the first noun being possessed by the second. The possessed noun is called "افضمل" and the possessing noun is called "هيلا افضمل". Examples of the possessive construction are given, such as "كتاب المعلم" meaning "the teacher's book". The document provides rules for the possessive construction, such as the possessed noun never taking the definite article "ال" and the possessing noun taking a kasrah on the last letter.

1. Arabic grammar
‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬‫ه‬
genitive case.
Possessive construction

2. ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ is possessive phrase. It is the
combination of two nouns, in which the first noun is
owned by the second.
The first noun is called ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ ( possessed)
The second noun is called ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ (owner)
The word ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ come from the Arabic verb َ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬َ‫أ‬ ( add
up to).
Example:
ِ‫م‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬
The teacher’s book
or
the book of the teacher.

3. ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ is always indefinite noun and will never have
the article ‫.ٱل‬
‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ will never have ( double kasrah or fathah or
dammah) in its lat letter.
‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ is a proper noun or otherwise is
particularized by ‫.ٱل‬
‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬‫ٱل‬ will carry kasrah on its last letter.
Examples:
‫يرا‬ ِ‫ج‬ْ‫ٱل‬ ُ‫ْت‬‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ن‬ The neighbor's home
‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ُّ‫ض‬‫ٱل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ا‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ط‬ِ‫ف‬ The food of guests.

4. Practice: identify ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
spot the mistakes and correct them.
Example 1:
ْ‫ج‬ َ‫و‬‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫ٱل‬‫د‬ The boy’s face
‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬: ‫ه‬ْ‫ج‬ َ‫.و‬ The mistake is the tanween in the last
letter. ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ should never carries tanween ( this example is
double kasrah).
‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬: ‫د‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫.ٱل‬ The msitake is tanween in the last letter. ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ carries a
kasrah on its last letter . Also, a noun with the article ْ‫ٱل‬ should never carries
tanween ( This example is double kasrah).
The right answer is :
ْ‫ج‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬ْ‫ٱل‬ِ‫د‬

5. Practice: identify ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
spot the mistakes and correct them.
Example 1:
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ش‬‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬ The girl’s hair.
‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬: ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ش‬. There is no mistake.
‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬: ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬
Mistake:‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ should not carries tanween in its lat letter, which
make it indefinite noun. ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ should be a proper noun or otherwise is
particularized by ‫.ٱل‬ Also, the ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ should carries kasrah on its last letter.
The right answer :
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ش‬ْ‫ٱل‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ت‬