Auxiliary verbs

© Noorul Rizwanudeen ,
Maryam Arabic Academy

 Auxiliary verb is a verb used in forming the tenses of main
verbs. முக்கிய வினை ச ொல்லின் கொலத்னைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படும் வினை
ச ொல்லல,துனைவினை ச ொற்கள் (Auxiliary Verbs) என்று அனைக்கப்படுகிறது.
 Eg.,I am waiting.நொன் கொத்துக் சகொண்டிருக்கிலறன்.
Am---auxiliary verb.(துனை-வினை ச ொல்)
Waiting---main verb.(முக்கிய வினை ச ொல்)
Here, Am(the auxiliary verb) gives the tense to the Waiting(Main
verb)
© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

 Auxiliary verbs are also called as helping verbs as they are
helping main verbs by giving tenses to main verbs.முக்கிய
வினை ச ொற்களுக்கு கொலத்னை சகொடுப்பைொல், அனவ Helping
Verbs(உைவும்-வினை ச ொற்கள்) என்றும் அனைக்கப்படுகிறது.
 24 Auxiliary Verbs.
 Am,is,are,was,were,do,does,did,have,has,had.-main
auxiliary verbs.
 can,could,may,might,shall,should,will,would,
dare,must,need,ought to,used to.-modal auxiliary verbs.

Be Do Have
am
is
are
was
were
does
do
did
has
have
had

Modal Auxiliaries [Never Change Form]
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Dare
ought to
Need to
Used to
Important
modal
auxiliary
verbs

Important auxiliary
verbs
Modal auxiliary
verbs
Change its form
according to tenses
Will not Change its
form according to
tenses.it has only one
form

 The Dual Nature of Be, do, and have: They are both stand-
alone verbs and auxiliary verbs. When these verbs are auxiliary,
you will find them teamed with other verbs to complete the verb
phrase.(auxiliary verb + main verb)
 Ex:Freddy is studying. பிரெட்டி படித்துக் ர ொண்டிருக் றாொ்.
Is
Studying
Is studying
Auxiliary verb
Main verb
Verbal phrase

Forms of Be
Am
Is
Are
Was
Were
Being
Been
Present tense
Past tense
Continuous
tense
Singular
Plural

 It is used for
• Continuous tenses – சைொடர் கொலங்கள்
• Passive voice – ச யப்பொட்டு வினை
• ‘Be’ followed by infinitive is used
1. To indicate a plan – ைிட்டத்னைக் குறிப்பைற்கு
2. To denote command – கட்டனைனயக்
குறிப்பைற்கு
3. Past tense – கடந்ை கொலம்

 All continuous tenses use a form of be.
எல்லொ சைொடர்கொலங்ளும் be வினைச்ச ொல்லில்
வரும்.
Ex: He was reading. அவன் படித்துக்
சகொண்டிருந்ைொன்.

 Active voice looks like this: ச ய்வினை
SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT.
Ex: He read The Quran.
அவன் குரொனைப் படித்ைொன்.
 Passive voice makes these changes: ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
DIRECT OBJECT AS SUBJECT + FORM OF BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE + BY + SUBJECT AS OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION.
Ex: The Quran was read by him.
குரொன் அவைொல் ஓைப்பட்டது.

To indicate a plan or arrangement or
agreement:
ைிட்டம்,ஒப்பந்ைத்னைக் குறிப்பைற்கு இது
பயன்படும்.
Ex: If Allah wills, I am to see him tomorrow.
அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல்,நொனை நொன் உன்னைப்
பொர்ப்லபன்.

To denote command:
கட்டனைனயக் குறிப்பைற்கு இது பயன்படுகிறது.
Ex: you are to memorize The Quran.
நீ குரொனை மைைம் ச ய்ய லவண்டும்.

 Used in past tense with perfect infinitive to indicate
some plan or arrangement that was not carried out.
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் முடிவு ச ய்யப்பட ஒரு
கொரியம்,நடக்கொமல் லபொைொல் அனைக் குறிக்க perfect
infinitive உடன் வந்து பயன்படும்.
Example: They were to have been married.
அவர்கள் ைிருமைம் ச ய்யப்பட இருந்ைொர்கள்.

Forms of Do
Does
Do
Did
Present
tense
Past tense
He / She / It
I / We / You / They

 The Auxiliary ‘do’ is used to
1. To form negatives and interrogatives of simple
present and simple past tense.
2. To avoid repetitions of main verbs.
3. Emphasize the verb
4. Past tense

1. To form negatives and interrogatives of simple present and simple past
tense.
ொைொரை கடந்ை கொலம் மற்றும் ொைொரை நிகை கொலத்ைில் லகள்வி மற்றும்
எைிர்மனற வொக்கியங்கைில் பயன்படும்.
Interrogatives:
Form of do+ Subject +Main verb..?
Ex: Do you know?
Negatives:
Subject + Negative form of do +….
Ex:I don’t know.

 Avoid repetition of main verbs.
ைிரும்பத் ைிரும்ப வரும் முக்கிய வினை ச ொல்னலத் ைவிர்க்க பயன்படும்.
Example: Do you like it?
Yes, I do!
To avoid repetition, Instead of using ‘like’ we are using ‘do’.
இங்கு ‘like’ எனும் வினைச ொல்னலப் பயன்படுத்துவைற்கு
பைிலொக ‘do’ எனும் வினை ச ொல் பயன்படுத்ைப்படும்.

 Emphasizing an action.
வினைனய வலியுறுத்தும்லபொது
பயன்படுகிறது.
Subject + form of do + Main verb
EX:I do know-எைக்கு நிச் யமொக சைரியும்.

 ‘do’ makes a request or invitation more
persuasive
‘do’ லகொரிக்னக அல்லது அனைப்னப வலினம
ச ய்கிறது.
Ex: do come! வொ!

Forms of Have
has
have
had
He / She / It
I / we / you / they
Past tense
Present tense

 Form perfect tenses in all tenses.
எல்லொ கொலங்கைிலும் உள்ை
முற்றுப்சபற்ற கொலத்ைில் அனமயும்.
 Ex: He has worked.
அவன் லவனல பொர்த்துள்ைொன்.

 ‘have to’ is used with the infinitive to indicate obligation in the present
tense.
நிகழ்கொலத்ைில் ‘have to’ எனும் வடிவில் the infinitive உடன் வந்து
கடனமனயக் குறிக்க பயன்படும்.
Ex:I have to study.நொன் படிக்க லவண்டும்.
 ‘had to’ is used with the infinitive to indicate obligation in the past tense.
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் ‘had to’ எனும் வடிவில் the infinitive உடன் வந்து
கடனமனயக் குறிக்க பயன்படும்.
Ex:I had to study.நொன் படித்ைிருக்க லவண்டும்.

 ‘have to’ and ‘had to’ is used with ‘do’ verb
in negatives and Questions.
லகள்வி மற்றும் எைிர்மனற வொக்கியங்கைில் ‘have
to’ மற்றும் ‘had to’ லபொன்ற வடிவங்கைில்
Ex: Do they have to go?-
அவர்கள் லபொக லவண்டுமொ?

Modal Auxiliaries [Never Change Form]
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Shall
Should
Will
Would
Dare
ought to
Need to
Used to
Important
modal auxiliary
verbs

 Modal auxiliary verbs never change
form. You cannot add an ed, ing,
or s ending to these words. They have
only one form.

 With modal auxiliaries, you can indicate necessity or obligation:
லைனவனயயும் , கடனம உைர்ச் ினயயும் சுட்டிக்கொட்ட
 Should-you should come-நீ வர லவண்டும்.
 Ought to-you ought to come.-நீ வர லவண்டும்.
 Must – you must come. -நீ வர லவண்டும்.
 Need to - you need to come. - நீ வரத் லைனவயுள்ைவைொக
இருக்கிறொய்.

 Used to indicate the possibility. ொத்ைியக் கூற்றினை குறிக்கவும் இது
 Might –
Ex: If Allah wills, I might come tomorrow
அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நொன் நொனை வரலொம்
 Would-
Ex: If Allah wills, I would come tomorrow
 Could –
Ex: If Allah wills, I could come tomorrow

 Used to indicate the willingness or ability. விருப்பத்னையும் ,முடியும் என்பனையும்
குறிக்கவும் இது பயன்படுகிறது.
 Can –
Ex: If Allah wills, I can come tomorrow
அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நொன் நொனை வருலவன்.
 Will -
Ex: If Allah wills, I will come tomorrow
அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நொன் நொனை கைடிப்பொக வருலவன்.
 Shall-
Ex: If Allah wills, I shall come tomorrow
அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நொன் நொனை கைடிப்பொக வருலவன்.

Can May Shall Will Dare Must Need Ought to Used to
Can May Shall Will Dare must Need to Ought to Used to
Could Might Should Would No past
verb

I +am
Singular

 Used to say our Name.
நம்முனடய சபயனரக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I +am+name
Eg.,I am Basir.நொன் பஷீர்.(அல்லது) என்னுனடய சபயர் பஷீர்.
 Used to say our position.
நம்முனடய நினலனயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I +am+position
Eg.,I am a Teacher.நொன் ஆ ிரியர்.

 Used in Present continuous Tense.(நிகழ்கொல சைொடர்வினை)
I + am + Present Verb + ing (நிகழ்கொல சைொடர்வினை)
Eg.,I am giving.நொன் சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்டு இருக்கிலறன்.
 Used with Adjectives(சபயர்ச ொல்னல ிறப்பிக்கும் ச ொல்) as
“be”
I + am + Adjective.(சபயர்ச ொல்னல ிறப்பிக்கும் ச ொல்)
Eg.,I am good.நொன் நலமுடன் இருக்கிலறன்.

 Used in passive voice.(ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
1. Simple Present Passive Voice.( ொைொரை நிகழ்கொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
I + am + past participle.
Eg.,I am given. நொன் சகொடுக்கப்படுகிலறன்.
2. Present Continous Passive Voice. (நிகழ்கொல சைொடர் ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
I + am +being+ past participle. (நிகழ்கொல சபயசரச் ம்)
Eg.,I am being given. நொன் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக் சகொண்டு இருக்கிலறன்.

 Used to denote Certainity in future.
எைிர்கொலத்ைில் கட்டொயம் நிகை இருக்கும்
ம்பவத்னைக் குறிக்கும்.
I+am+going+to+present verb.(நிகழ்கொல வினை)
Eg.,I am going to give.நொன் சகொடுக்கப்
லபொகிலறன்.

 Used with to + infinitive.(வினைசயச் ம்)
I +am + to + present verb(நிகழ்கொல வினை)
Eg., I am to give. நொன் சகொடுக்க இருக்கிலறன்.
 Used as passive voice with ‘to+infinitive(வினைசயச் ம்)’
I +am+ to + be + past participle verb(கடந்ை கொல சபயசரச் ம்)
Eg.,I am to be given.நொன் சகொடுக்கப்படுபவைொக இருப்லபன்.

 Used with adjectives to denote the certainity.
Adjective எனும் குறிப்புப் சபயர் ச ொல்லுடன் வந்து
எைிர்கொலத்ைில் உறுைியொக நடக்கும் கொரியத்னைக் குறிக்கும்.
I +am+ to + be +Adjective(சபயர்ச ொல்னலக் குறிக்கும்
ச ொல்)
Eg.,I am to be happy.
நொன் ந்லைொ மொக இருப்லபன்..

Am is Used I +am+ Example
to indicate Name I +am+name Ex:i am basir
to indicate Position I +am+position Ex:i am teacher
With Present continous tense i+am+present verb+ing Ex:i am waiting
With adjectives as ‘be’verb I +am+Adjective Ex:i am happy.
In passive voice
1)Simple present passive
voice
2)Present continous passive
voice
1)I +am+past participle
2)I +am +being+past participle
1)Ex:i am given
2)Ex:i am being given
to indicate certainity in future I +am+going +to+present verb Ex:i am going to give.
With “to+infinitive” I +am+to+present verb Ex:i am to give
With “to+infinitive” in passive
voice
I +am+to+be+past participle Ex:i am to be given
with Adjectives to denote
certainity
I+am+to+be+ adjective Ex:i am to be happy.

 Used to say other’s Name.
பிறரின் சபயனரக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
He/she/it + is +Name.
Eg.,He is rizwanudeen. இவன் ரிழ்வொனுைீன் (அல்லது) இவன் சபயர்
ரிழ்வொனுைீன்.
 Used to say position.
நினலனயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
He + is + Position.
Eg.,He is a Teacher.இவர் ஆ ிரியரொக இருக்கிறொர்.

 Used in Present continous Tense.
He /she/it/kannan+ is + present Verb + ing.
Eg.,he is giving.அவன் சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்டு இருக்கிறொன்.
 Used with Adjectives (சபயர்ச ொல்னலக் குறிக்கும் ச ொல்)
as “be”
He /she/it/kannan +is +Adjective.
Eg.,He is good.அவன் நலமுடன் உள்ைொன்.

 Used in passive voice.(ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
1. Simple Present Passive Voice.( ொைொரை நிகழ்கொல ச யப்பொட்டு
வினை)
He /she/it/kannan + is + present participle
Eg.,The book is given.புத்ைகம் சகொடுக்கப்படுகிறது.
2. Present Continous Passive Voice.(நிகழ்கொல சைொடர் ச யப்பொட்டு
வினை)
He /she/it/kannan + is + being +present participle.
Eg.,The Book is being given.புத்ைகம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக் சகொண்டு இருக்கிறது.

எைிர்கொலத்ைில் கட்டொயம் நிகை இருக்கும் ம்பவத்னைக் குறிக்கும்.
He/she/it/kannan+is+going+to+present verb.
Eg.,He is going to give.அவன் சகொடுக்கப் லபொகிறொன்.
He/she/it/kannan+is+to+Present verb(நிகழ்கொல வினை)
Eg., He is to give. அவன் சகொடுக்க இருக்கிறொன்

 Used as passive voice (ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)with ‘to+infinite’
He/she/it/+is+to+be+past participle verb.
Eg., He/she/it/kannan is to be given.அவன் சகொடுக்கப்பட இருக்கிறொன்.
Adjective (சபயர்ச ொல்னலக் குறிக்கும் ச ொல்) உடன் வந்து எைிர்கொலத்ைில்
உறுைியொக நடக்கும் கொரியத்னைக் குறிக்கும்.
He/she/it/kannan +is+to+be+Adjective.
Eg.,He is to be happy.
அவன் ந்லைொ மொக இருப்பொன்.

Is was Used He+is Example
to indicate Name He+is+name Ex:He is basir
to indicate Position He+is+position Ex:He is Teacher
With Present continous
tense
He+is+present verb+ing Ex:He is waiting
With adjectives as
‘be’verb
He+is+Adjective Ex:He is happy.
In passive voice
1)sppv2)pcpv
1) He+is +present participle
2) He+is+being+pesent participle
1)Ex:he is given
2)Ex:he is being given
to indicate certainity in
future
He+is+going +to+present verb Ex:he is going to give.
With “to+infinitive” He+is+to+present verb Ex:he is to give
With “to+infinitive” in
passive voice
He+is+to+be+past participle Ex:he is to be given
with Adjectives to
denote certainity
He+is+to+be+ adjective Ex:he is to be happy.

Am Is
I +am He/she/it + is
‘Be’verb ‘Be’verb
It indicates
First person
It indicates
Third person
Present verb Present verb
Singular Singular
Ex: I am
waiting.
Ex: He is
waiting.© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

 Used to say position.
நினலனயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Position
Eg.,We are Teachers.நொம் ஆ ிரியர்கள்
 Used in Present continous Tense. (நிகழ்கொல சைொடர்வினை.)
We/you/they/kannan and radha + are + Present verb + ing.
Eg.,They are giving.அவர்கள் சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்டு இருக்கிறொர்கள்.

 Used with Adjectives as “be”
We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Adjective
Eg.,They are good.அவர்கள் நலமுடன் உள்ைொர்கள்.
 Used in passive voice.ச யப்பொட்டு வினை
1. Simple Present Passive Voice.( ொைொரை நிகழ்கொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+Past Participle.
Eg.,We are given.நொம் சகொடுக்கப்படுகிலறொம்.
2. Present Continous Passive Voice.(நிகழ்கொல சைொடர் ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
We/you/they/kannan and radha +are+being+Past Participle.
We are being given.நொம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக் சகொண்டு வருகிலறொம்.

எைிர்கொலத்ைில் உறுைியொக நடக்க இருக்கும் கொரியத்னைக் குறிக்கும்.
you/we/He/she/it/they+are+going+to+present verb.
Eg.,They are going to give.அவர்கள் சகொடுக்கப் லபொகிறொர்கள்.
you/we/He/she/it/they+are+to+present verb
Eg., They are to give.அவர்கள் சகொடுக்க இருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Adjective-உடன் வந்து எைிர்கொலத்ைில் உறுைியொக நடக்கும் கொரியத்னைக்
குறிக்கும்.
We /you/they/basir +are+to+be+adjective.
Eg.,They are to be given.
அவர்கள் சகொடுக்கப்பட இருக்கிறொர்கள்.
 Used as passive voice (ச யப்பொட்டு வினை) with ‘to+infinitive’
you/we/He/she/it/they+are+to+be+given
Eg., They are to be given.அவர்கள் சகொடுக்கப்பட இருக்கிறொர்கள்.

Used You/we/they+are Example
to indicate Position You/we/they+are+position You/we/they are Teachers
With Present
continous tense
You/we/they+are +present verb+ing You/we/they are waiting
With adjectives as
‘be’verb
You/we/they+are+Adjective You/we/they are happy.
In passive voice
1)sppv2)pcpv
1) You/we/they+are+present participle
2) You/we/they+are+being+present
participle
1)he is given
2)he is being given
to indicate
certainity in future
You/we/they+are+going +to+present verb You/we/they are going to
give.
With “to+infinitive” You/we/they+are +to+present verb You/we/they+are to give
with Adjectives to
denote certainity
You/we/they+are+to+be+ adjective You/we/they+are to be
happy.
With “to+infinitive”
in passive voice
You/we/they+are+to+be+past participle You/we/they+are to be
given

Am Is Are
I +am He/she/it +is You/we/they +are
First person Second
person
Second
person/third
person
Present verb Present verb Present verb
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb
Ex:I am
waiting
Ex:He is
waiting
Ex:you are waiting

I+He+She+It + was

Was
 Our past position
நம்முனடய முந்னைய நினலனயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I/He/She/It/kannan/radha /cat+ was + Position.
Eg.,I was a student. நொன் மொைவைொக இருக்கிலறன்.
 Used in Past Continous tense. (கடந்ைகொல சைொடர் வினை.)
I/He/She/It/kannan/radha+ was + Present verb+ing
Eg.,I was giving. நொன் சகொடுத்துக்சகொண்டு இருந்லைன்.
 Used with Adjectives as a “be”verb.
I/He/She/It/kannan/radha /cat+ was + Adjectives.
Eg.,I was good. நொன் நலமுடன் இருந்லைன்.

Was
 Used in Passive voice. ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
1. Simple Past Passive Voice.( ொைொரை கடந்ைகொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.)
I/He/She/It/kannan/radha/cat+ was + present participle.
Eg.,I was given. நொன் சகொடுக்கப்பட்லடன்.
2. Past Continous Passive Voice.(கடந்ைகொல சைொடர் ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
I/He/She/It/kannan/radha/cat + was + being +present participle.
Eg.,I was being given. நொன் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டு சகொண்டிருந்லைன்.
 Used with ‘to+infinitive’(வினைசயச் ம்)
I /he/she/it/kannan/radha/cat + was + to + present verb
Eg.,I was to give. நொன் சகொடுக்க இருந்லைன்.

Used He/she/it+was+ Example
To indicate past position He/she/it+was+position He/she/it was doctor
In past continous tense. He/she/it+was+past continous verb He/she/it was giving.
With adjectives as “be”verb He/she/it+was+adjective He/she/it was happy.
In passive voice
1. Simple past passive voice
2. Past continous passive
voice
1. I/He/She/It + was + present
participle.
2. I/He/She/It + was +being+
present participle.
1. I/He/She/It was
given.
2. I/he/She/It was
being given.
With “to+infinitive” I /he/she/it+ was + to + present verb I /he/she/it was to
give.

Am Is Are Was
I +am He/she/it +is we/you/they +are I /he/she/it +was
Singular Singular Plural Singular
Present Present Present Past
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb
First person Third person Second person/third person First person/third
person
Ex:I am
waiting
Ex:he/she/it is
waiting
Ex:you/we/they are waiting Ex:i/he/she/it was
waiting

We/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+
were

 Used to denote past position in plural form. பன்னமயில் கடந்ை கொலத்ைின் நினலனயக் குறிக்கும்.
We/you/they/kannan and radha/cat and dog +were+position
Eg.,we were doctors. நொங்கள் மருத்துவர்கைொக இருந்லைொம்.
 Used in past continous tense. கடந்ைகொல சைொடர் வினை
We+were+present verb(நிகழ்கொல வினை)
Eg., We were giving.நொங்கள் சகொடுத்து வந்லைொம்.
 Used with adjectives as “be” verb.
We + were + Adjective
Eg.,People were bad.மக்கள் சகட்டவர்கைொக இருந்ைொர்கள்.

 Used as passive voice ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
1. Simple Past Passive Voice( ொைொரை கடந்ைகொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.)
We/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+ were +present participle
Eg.,we were given.நொம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்லடொம்.
2. Past Continous Passive Voice.(கடந்ைகொல சைொடர் ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
We/you/they/kannan/radha/cat/kannan and radha/cat and dog+ were +being +present participle
Eg.,we were being given.நொம் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டுக் சகொண்டு இருந்லைொம்.
 Used with “to + infinite”
We/you/they + were +to +present verb
Eg.,we were to give.நொம் சகொடுக்கப்பட இருந்லைொம்.

Used We/you/they +were Example
To indicate
position
We/you/they +were +position We/you/they were doctors
In past continous
tense
We/you/they +were +present
continous verb
We/you/they were giving
With adjectives as
“be”verb
We/you/they + were + adjective We/you/they were good
As a passive
voice
1. Simple past
passive voice
2. Past continous
passive voice
1. We/you/they +were + present
participle
2. We/you/they
+were+being+present participle
1. We/you/they were given
2. We/you/they were being
given
With “to+infinitive” We/you/they were+to+present verb We/you/they were to give

Am Is Are Was Were
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb
Present Present Present Past Past
I +am He/she/it
+is
we/you/
they+are
i/he/she/it +was We/you/they+were
Singular Singular Plural Singular Plural
Ex:I am
waiting
He/she/it is
waiting
You/we/they
are waiting
I/he/she/it was
waiting
We/you/they were
waiting

I /we/you/they + do

Do
 Used as Auxiliary verb as well as present verb.இது துனை-
வினைச ொல்லொக(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி நிகழ்கொலவினை
ச ொல்லொகவும்(present verb) பயன்படுகிறது.
Eg.,
1. I do-நொன் ச ய்கிலறன்.
2. Do I do?-நொன் ச ய்கிலறைொ?
3. I do not do-நொன் ச ய்வது இல்னல.
4. I do -நொன் கண்டிப்பொக ச ய்கிலறன்.
5. Don’t I do? (OR) Do I not do?-நொன் ச ய்ய வில்னலயொ?

Do
 Used as following.
Do’s(n)-ச ய்யத்ைக்கனவ
Don’ts(n)-ச ய்யத்ைகொைனவ
Do up(v)-அலங்கரி,சுத்ைம் ச ய்
Do out(v)-ஒழுங்குபடுத்ைி னவ
Do over again(v)-மறுமுனற ச ய்
Do over(v)-இரண்டொம் முனற மூடு.
Have to do with(v)-சைொடர்பு சகொள்;உறவு சகொள்
Have done with(v)-விட்டுவிடு,நீக்கி விடு.
Can’t do without-இல்லொமல் ஒன்றும் ச ய்ய முடியொது.
Do away with-அைித்துவிடு,நீக்கி விடு

Am Is Are Was Were Do
‘be’ver
b
‘be’ver
b
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘do’verb
Presen
t
Presen
t
Present Past Past Present
I +am He/she
/it +is
we/you/
they+ar
e
i/he/she/it
+was
We/you/they+were i/we/ you/they+do
Singula
r
Singula
r
Plural Singular Plural Singular/plural
Ex:I am
waiting
He is
waiting
You are
waiting
He was
waiting
They were waiting I do wait

He/she/it + does

does
 Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இது துனை-
வினைச ொல்லொக(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி நிகழ்-கொலவினை ச ொல்லொகவும்(present verb)
 Ex:
1. He does.-அவன் ச ய்கிறொன்.
2. Does he do?-அவன் ச ய்கிறொைொ?.
3. He does not do-அவன் ச ய்கிறது இல்னல.
4. He does ?-அவன் கண்டிப்பொக ச ய்கிறொன்.
5. Doesn’t he do?
Does he not do? -அவன் ச ய்கிறது இல்னலயொ?

Do Does
‘do’verb ‘do’verb
I /we/you/they do He/she/it does
Singular/plural Singular
Present Present
Ex:I /we/you/they do wait He/she/it does waits

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does
I +am He/sh
e/it+is
We/ you/
they+ are
i/he/
she/it
+was
We/ you/
they+were
i/we/ you/
they+ do
He/she/it +does
Singul
ar
Singul
ar
Plural Singular Plural Singular/p
lural
Singular
Prese
nt
Prese
nt
Present Past Past Present Present
‘be’ve
rb
‘be’ve
rb
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘Do’verb Do’verb
Ex:I
am
waitin
g
He/sh
e/it is
waitin
g
We/you/the
y were
waiting
I
/he/she/i
t was
waiting
We/you/they
were
waiting
I
/we/you/th
ey do wait
He/she/does
wait

I /we/you/they/he/she + did

 Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as past verb. இது துனை-வினைச ொல்லொக(Auxiliary
verb ) மட்டுமின்றி கடந்ை-கொலவினை ச ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.
 Ex:
1. I did-நொன் ச ய்லைன்.
2. Did I do-நொன் ச ய்லைைொ?
3. I did not do-நொன் ச ய்ய வில்னல.
4. I did -நொன் ச ய்லைன்.
5. Didn’t I do? (Or)
Did I not do? -நொன் ச ய்ய மொட்லடைொ?

Do Does Did
‘do’verb ‘do’verb ‘do’verb
I /we/you/they do He/she/it does I /we/you/they/he/she did
Singular/plural Singular Singular/plural
Present Present Past
Ex:I /we/you/they do He/she/it does wait I /we/you/they/he/she did wait

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does Did
I
+am
He/s
he/it
+is
We/
you/
they+
are
i/he/
she/it
+was
We/ you/
they+we
re
i/we/ you/
they+ do
He/sh
e/it
+does
I
/we/you/they/he/
she/it +did
Sing
ular
Sing
ular
Plural Singular Plural Singular/
plural
Singul
ar
Singular/plural
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Present Past Past Present Prese
nt
past
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘be’verb ‘Do’verb Do’ver
b
‘do’verb
Ex:I
am
waiti
ng
He/s
he/it
is
waiti
ng
We/you/
they
were
waiting
I
/he/she/it
was
waiting
We/you/t
hey
were
waiting
I
/we/you/t
hey do
wait
He/sh
e/does
wait
I
/we/you/they/he/
she/it did waited

I / we/you/they + have + noun

 Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இது துனை-வினைச ொல்லொக
(Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி, கடந்ை-கொலவினை ச ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.
 Used as a main verb(முக்கிய வினை ச ொல்) to indicate the possessiveness(உனடனம).
Ex: I have a car.நொன் கொர் னவத்ைிருக்கிலறன்.
 Used as a auxiliary verb in present perfect tense.(நிகழ்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற
கொலம்)
I / we/you/they + have + past participle
Ex: I have given.நொன் சகொடுத்து இருக்கிலறன்.

 Used to indicate our Sense of duty(கடனம உைர்ச் ி).
I / we/you/they + have to + present verb
Ex: I have to studyநொன் படிக்க லவண்டும்.
 Used as passive voice ச யப்பொட்டு வினை
I / we/you/they + have +been+ present participle
Ex: books have been givenபுத்ைகங்கள் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டு
இருக்கின்றது.

 Used in questions and Negative Sentence (லகள்வி மற்றும் எைிர்மனற வொக்கியங்கள்)
Ex:
1)have you brothers?(or)do you have brothers?
உைக்கு லகொைரர்கள் இருக்கிறொர்கைொ?
2) You haven’t brothers(or)You don’t have brothers.
எைக்கு லகொைரர்கள் இல்னல.
3)Have you breakfast? (or) Do you have breakfast?
நீங்கள் ொப்பிட்டீர்கைொ?
4)You haven’t breakfast(or)you don’t have breakfast
நீங்கள் ொப்பிடவில்னல.

Used I / we/you/they+have Example
As auxiliary verb
as well as present
verb
I / we/you/they + have +noun I have a car.
As auxiliary verb
in present perfect
tense
I / we/you/they + have + past participle I have given.
to indicate our
Sense of duty
I / we/you/they + have to + present verb I have to study
Used as present
perfect passive
voice
I / we/you/they + have +been+ present
participle
books have been given
Used in questions
and Negative
Sentence
do you have brothers?

Am Is Are Was Were Do Does Did Have
I
+am
He/
she/
it+is
We/yo
u/they
+ are
i/he/
she/it
+was
We/ you/
they+wer
e
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He/sh
e/it +
does
I /we
/you/th
ey/he/
she/ it
+ did
I / we/you/
they+have+
noun
Sing
ular
Sing
ular
Plural Singul
ar
Plural Singula
r/plural
Singul
ar
Singul
ar/
plural
Singular/
plural
Pre
sent
Pre
sent
Prese
nt
Past Past Present Prese
nt
Past Present
‘Be’
verb
‘Be’
verb
‘Be’ver
b
‘Be’ver
b
‘Be’verb ‘do’verb ‘do’ver
b
‘Do’ve
rb
‘have’verb
I am
waiting
He/she/i
t is
waiting
We/you/they
are waiting
I /he/she/it
was waiting
We/you/they are
waiting
i /we/you/they
do wait
He/she/it
does wait
i
/we/you/they
/he/she/it did
waited
i /we/you/they have wait

He/she/it + has

Has
 Used as well as auxiliary verb as well as present verb. இது
துனை-வினைச ொல்லொக (Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி கடந்ை-கொல
வினைச ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.
• Used in present perfect tense (நிகழ்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற கொலம்)as
auxiliary verb.
He/she/it + has + past participle verb.
Ex:he has given. அவன் சகொடுத்து இருக்கிறொன்.

Has
 Used as “has+to” to indicate the sense of duty(கடனம உைர்ச் ி)
He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has to+present verb
Ex:he has to study.-அவன் படிக்க லவண்டும்.
• Used as present perfect passive voice(ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
He /she/it/kannan and radha+has +been+present verb
Ex:Books has been given.-அவன் படிக்க லவண்டும்.

Has
• Used as a Questions and Negative sentence(லகள்வி
மற்றும் எைிர்மனற வொக்கியம்)
Example:
1. Has she brother?(or)Does she have brothers? இவளுக்கு
லகொைரர் இருக்கிறொரொ?
2. She hasn’t brothers(or)she does not have brothers
3. Has she breakfast?(or)Does she have breakfast?
4. She hasn’t breakfast(or)she does not have breakfast.

Used He/she/it+has Example
As auxiliary verb as well as
present verb
He/she/it+has+noun He has a car.
in present perfect tense He/she/it + has + past participle verb. He has given
to indicate the sense of duty He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has
to+present verb
He has to
come
as a Questions and negative
sentence
Has she
come?
as present perfect passive voice He /she/it/kannan/ radha+has
+been+past participle
Books has
been given

Have Has
‘have’verb ‘have’verb
I /we/you/they + have He/she/it +has
Present verb Present verb

Am Is Are Was Were Do Doe
s
Did Have Has
I +am He/s
he/it
+is
You/
we/
they
+are
I /he/
she/it
+was
We/
you/
they+
were
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He/s
he/it
+
doe
s
I /we
/you/th
ey/he/
she/ it
+ did
I /
we/you/
they +
have +
noun
He/she/it
+has
Presen
t
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Past Past Presen
t
Pres
ent
Past Present Present
‘be’ver
b
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’ver
b
‘do’ver
b
‘do’v
erb
‘do’ver
b
‘have’ve
rb
‘have’ve
rb
Ex:I am
waiting
He/she/it
is waiting
You/we/th
ey are
waiting
I /he/she/it
was
waiting
We/you/they
were waiting
I /we/you/they
do wait
He/she/it
does
wait
I
/we/you/they
/he/she/it did
wait
I / we/you/ they
have been
waiting
He/she/it has to
wait

I / we /you /they/he/she/it +had

 Used as a past tense as well as a auxiliary verb. இது
துனை-வினைச ொல்லொக (Auxiliary verb ) மட்டுமின்றி
கடந்ை-கொல வினைச ொல்லொகவும்(past verb) பயன்படுகிறது.
 Used as a main verb(முக்கிய வினை ச ொல்) to indicate the
possessiveness.(உனடனம)
Ex: he had a pen. அவன் ஒரு லபைொ னவத்ைிருக்கிறொன்.

 Used as a auxiliary verb in past perfect tense-நிகழ்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற
கொலம்
I / we /you /they/he/she/it/ basir and mohamed + had + past participle verb.
Ex: I had given. நொன் சகொடுத்து இருந்லைன்.
 Used to denote sense of duty in past tense(கடனம உைர்ச் ினயக்
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் குறிக்கும்.)
I / we /you /they/he/she/it/basir and mohamed +had + to+present verb
Ex: I had to work. நொன் படித்ைிருக்க லவண்டும்.

Had
 Used as a passive voice(ச யப்பொட்டு வினை)
I / we /you /they/he/she/it/ basir and mohamed + had +been+ past participle verb.
Ex: books had been given. புத்ைகங்கள் சகொடுக்கப்பட்டு இருந்ைது.
 Used as questions and negative sentences.லகள்விகள் மற்றும் எைிர்மனற
வொக்கியங்கைொக பயன்படும்.
EX: Had you brothers?(or)Did you have brothers?
உைக்கு லகொைரர்கள் இருந்ைொர்கைொ?
You hadn’t Brother.(or)You did not have brothers.
உைக்கு லகொைரர்கள் இருக்கவில்னல

Have Has Had
‘Have’verb ‘Have’ verb ‘have’verb
I /we/you/they He/she/it I /we/you/they/He/she/it
Present Present Past
Ex:I/we/you/ they
have given
He/she/it has given I /we/you/they/He/she/it had given

Am Is Are Was Were Do Do
es
Did Have Has had
I
+am
He/s
he/it+
is
You/
we/
they
+are
I
/he/
she/
it+w
as
We/
you/
they+
were
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He/
she
/it +
doe
s
I /we
/you/t
hey/h
e/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/you
/ they +
have +
noun
He/she
/it+has
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/it
+had
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pre
sent
Past Past Prese
nt
Pre
sen
t
Past Presen
t
Presen
t
Past
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’
verb
‘be’
verb
‘be’v
erb
‘do’ve
rb
‘do’
ver
b
‘do’v
erb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’
verb

present past Past participle Present
partciple
can canned canned canning

Can
 Noun: bottle,டப்பொ
 Verb: டப்பொவில் அனடத்து மூடு
 Adjective: டப்பொவில் அனடத்து மூடப்பட்ட,
1)Used to denote Ability.முடியும் என்ற அர்த்ைத்ைில் வரும்(Past tense of Can was “Could”)
Ex: I can do. என்ைொல் முடியும்.
2) Used to denote Permission.அனுமைினயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
i/we/you/they/basir + can + present verb
Ex: Student: Can I go? நொன் லபொகவொ?
Teacher: You can go. நீ லபொகலொம்

Can
3)Used to denote certainity. உறுைினயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I + can’t +help + present verb + ing+ noun
Ex: I can’t Help Speaking English. ஆங்கிலம் லப ொமல் என்ைொல்
இருக்க முடியொது.
4)Used with adjectives and nouns.
i/we/you/they/basir + can +be+adjective/noun.
Ex: I can be a doctor. என்ைொல் மருத்துவரொக இருக்க முடியும்.

Am Is Are Was Were Do Do
es
Did Have Has Had can
I
+am
He/sh
e/it+is
You/
we/
they
+are
I
/he/
she/
it+w
as
We/
you/
they+
were
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He/
she
/it +
doe
s
I /we
/you/t
hey/h
e/
she/ it
+ did
I /
we/you/
they +
have +
noun
He/she/
it+has
I /
we/you/
they/He
/she/it+
had
I /
we/you/
they/He
/she/it+
can
Pres
ent
Prese
nt
Pres
ent
Past Past Prese
nt
Pre
sen
t
Past Present Present Past Present
‘be’v
erb
‘be’ve
rb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’ve
rb
‘do’ver
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘do’ve
rb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’
verb
‘Can’
verb

Used in all tenses.

 Used to denote permission.
அனுமைினயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
Could + I/we/you/they/he/she/it+present verb
Ex: Student: Could I come?நொன் வரலொமொ?
• Is used to indicate the action that didn’t took in the past.
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை ச யனலக் குறிக்க பயன்படுகிறது.
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could + present verb.
Ex: I could come yesterday.நொன் லநற்று வந்ைிருக்க முடியும்.

 Used to indicate the action that does not
tooks place in the past.
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை ஒரு ச யனலக் குறிக்கப்
I /we/you/they/kannan and
radha/he/she/it/kannan/radha+could+present verb
Ex: I could come yesterday.நொன் லநற்று வந்ைிருக்கலொம்.

 Is used to indicate the action that will not takes
place in future.
எைிர்கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை ச யனலக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+present verb
Ex:I could come tomorrow.நொன் நொனை வருலவன்.(90%)

 To indicate the ability.இயலும்
என்பனைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+presen
t verb
Ex: I could swim-என்ைொல் நீந்ை முடியும்.

 Used with adjectives and nouns.
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+be+noun/Adjective
Ex:I could be doctor-என்ைொல் மருத்துவரொக இருக்க இயலும்.
I could be happy.-நொன் ந்லைொ மொக இருக்க முடியும்.
 Used as “could have” to indicate any action that didn’t took place.
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை கொரியத்னைக் குறிக்க “could have” எனும்
வடிவில் பயன்படுகிறது.
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could have+ past participle
Ex:I could have done.-என்ைொல் ச ய்து இருந்து இருக்க முடியும்.

Used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+could Example
As present tense to indicate
permission
Could + I/we/you/they/he/she/it +
present verb?
Could I/we/you/they/he/she/it
come?
As past tense to indicate
any event that does not
tooks place
I /we/you/they/kannan and
radha/he/she/it+could+ present verb
I/we/you/they/he/she/it could
swim
As future tense to indicate
any action that will not takes
place in future.
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+could+prese
nt verb+
I could come tomorrow.
To indicate the ability I/we/you/they/he/she/it+
could+present verb
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it
could swim
With adjectives and nouns I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+could+
be+noun/Adjective
could be happy
As “could+have” I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + could
have+ past participle
could have given

Can Could
Its past verb was could Eventhough it was past verb it was used in all tenses.
I /we/you/they/he/she/it I /we/you/they/he/she/it
Used to denote permission
Ex: can I go?
Ex:could I go?
Used to denote ability
Ex:I/we/you/they/he/she/it can
do
Ex:I/we/you/they/he/she/it could do
Used with adjectives and nouns
Ex:I can be happy
Ex:I could be happy

Am Is Are Wa
s
Wer
e
Do Do
es
Did Have Has Had can could
I
+am
He/s
he/it
+is
You
/we
/
the
y+a
re
I
/he/
she
/it+
was
We/
you/
they
+wer
e
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He
/sh
e/it
+
do
es
I /we
/you/
they/
he/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/you
/ they
+ have
+ noun
He/she
/it+has
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/i
t+had
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/i
t+can
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/i
t+coul
d
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pre
sen
t
Pas
t
Past Prese
nt
Pr
es
ent
Past Presen
t
Presen
t
Past Presen
t
past
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’v
erb
‘do’ve
rb
‘do’
ver
b
‘do’v
erb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’v
erb
‘have’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’v
erb

May
 Used to denote the permission(அனுமைி)
May + I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + present verb?
Ex: may I come?-நொன் வரலொமொ?
 To denote the doubt. ந்லைகத்னைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
I /we/you/they/baseer/he/she/it + may + present verb
Ex: if god wills,I may come tomorrow.இனறவன் நொடிைொல்
நொன் நொனை வரலொம்.

May
 To recite the duas or any devotional speech and blessings
of any other religion. இனறவைிடம் னகலயந்தும்லபொதும்,பிற
மைத்ைிைர் கடவுைின் சபயரொல் பிறனர ஆ ிர்வைிக்கும்லபொது இது
Ex: May Allaah bless you. இனறவன் உைக்கு அருள்புரிவொைொக
 Used with adjectives and nouns
I/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it + may + be + adjective/noun
Ex: you may be a teacher. நீ ஆ ிரியரொக இருக்கலொம்

Used May +I Example
To denote
permission
May+I/we/you/they/he/she/it+present verb? May I come?
To denote doubt I/we/you/they/he/she/it+may+presnt verb I may come.
To wish other’s in
the name of god
May Allaah
bless you.
Use with
adjectives and
nouns
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+may+be+adjective/ noun I may be a
doctor.

May Can Could
Present verb Present verb Past verb
Ex:may I come?
Ex:can I come?
Ex:could I come?
Used to denote doubt
Ex:I may come tomorrow
Used to denote the event
that will not takes place in
future.
Ex:I could come tomorrow
Used with adjectives and
nouns
Ex:I may be happy
nouns
Ex:I can be happy
nouns
Ex:I could be happy

Am Is Are Wa
s
Wer
e
Do Do
es
Did Have Has Had can could May
I
+am
He/s
he/it
+is
You
/we
/
the
y+a
re
I
/he/
she
/it+
was
We/
you/
they
+wer
e
i/we/
you/
they+
do
He
/sh
e/it
+
do
es
I /we
/you/
they/
he/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/you
/ they
+ have
+ noun
He/she
/it+has
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+h
ad
I /
we/you/
they/He
/she/it+
can
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/it
+could
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/it
+could
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pre
sen
t
Pas
t
Past Prese
nt
Pr
es
ent
Past Presen
t
Presen
t
Past Present past Presen
t verb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’v
erb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’v
erb
‘do’ve
rb
‘do
’ve
rb
‘do’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
May’
verb

 Past verb(கடந்ை கொல வினைச ொல்) and past participle(கடந்ை கொல
சபயசரச் ம்) of ‘may’verb.
 Noun:
Ex: might-Strength(பலம்)
 Verb:
Ex: mighty-பலமுள்ை,வல்லனமயுள்ை
 Adverb:
Ex: mightly-மிக அைிகமொக

Might
 Used to denote more obedience(அைிகப் பைிவு)
Might+i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+present verb?
Ex: Might I come? நொன் வரலொமொ?
 Used to denote more doubt.(அைிக ந்லைகம் )
i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might+present verb
Ex: I might come tomorrow. நொனை நொன் வரலொம்

Might
 Used with adjectives and nouns.
i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might + be +noun/adjective
Ex:I might be an officer. நொன் ஒரு அைிகொரியொக இருக்கலொம்.
 Used as “might+have” to indicate any event tat didn’t took place in the
past.கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை ஒரு ச யனலக் குறிக்க
“might+have” எனும் வடிவில் பயன்படும்.
i/we/you/they/basir/he/she/it+Might+have+past participle
I might have given. நொன் ைந்ைிருக்கலொம்

May Might
‘May’verb ‘May’verb
Its past verb was might Though it was past tense,it was used in all tenses.
Ex:may I come?
Used to denote more obedience
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote doubt
Ex:I may come tomorrow
Used to denote more doubt
Ex:I might come tomorrow
Ex:I may be happy
Ex:I might be happy
Might Could
Past verb of “may” Past verb of “can”
Used as”might+have” to
denote some event that was
not happened in past
Used as”could+have” to
denote some event that was
not happened in past
Ex:I might have done Ex:I could have done

May Might Can Could
‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘can’verb ‘can’verb
Present verb Past verb Present verb Past verb
Used to denote
permission
Ex:may I come?
Used to denote more
obedience
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:can I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:could I come?
Used with adjective and
noun
Ex:I may be happy
Used with adjective
and noun
Ex:I might be happy
Used with
adjective and
noun
Ex:I can be
happy
Used with
adjective and
noun
Ex:I may be
happy

Am Is Ar
e
Wa
s
Wer
e
Do Do
es
Did Have Has Had can could May Might
I
+a
m
He/s
he/it
+is
Yo
u/w
e/
the
y+
are
I
/he
/
sh
e/it
+w
as
We/
you/
they
+we
re
i/we/
you/
they
+ do
He
/sh
e/it
+
do
es
I /we
/you
/the
y/he
/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/yo
u/
they +
have
+
noun
He/sh
e/it+h
as
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
had
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/it
+can
I /
we/yo
u/
they/H
e/she/
it+coul
d
I /
we/yo
u/
they/H
e/she/
it+ma
y
I /
we/yo
u/
they/H
e/she/
it+mig
ht
Pre
sen
t
Pres
ent
Pre
se
nt
Pa
st
Past Pres
ent
Pr
es
en
t
Past Prese
nt
Prese
nt
Past Presen
t
past Prese
nt
verb
Past
verb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’v
erb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’v
erb
‘do’v
erb
‘do
’ve
rb
‘do’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘have
’ verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb

Used only for I and we.
but practically we are not using
Shall.
Instead of shall,practicallly we are
using will.
Used only in future tense.

 Simple future tense: ொைொரை வருங்கொலம்.
Simple future passive voice ொைொரை வருங்கொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
Ex: I shall give. நொன் சகொடுப்லபன்.
 Future continous tense: வருங்கொல சைொடர்வினை.
Simple future passive voice ொைொரை வருங்கொல ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
Ex: I shall be giving. நொன் சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்டு இருப்லபன்.

 Future perfect tense: வருங்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற வினை.
Future perfect passive voice வருங்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
Ex: I shall have given. நொன் சகொடுத்ைிருப்லபன்.
 Future perfect continous tense வருங்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற சைொடர்
வினை.
Future perfect passive voiceவருங்கொல முற்றுப்சபற்ற ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
Ex: I shall have been giving. நொன் சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்லட இருப்லபன்.

Used before I and we to denote permission.இது Iமற்றும் weக்கு
முன்ைொல் வந்து அனுமைினய குறிக்கும்.
Ex: shall I come? நொன் வரலொமொ?
Used after you, they, he, she and it to denote the certainity. இது
you, they, he, she மற்றும் It க்கு முன்ைொல் வந்து உறுைினயக்
குறிக்கும்.
Ex:you shall come.நீ வருவொய்.

• Used as a passive voice.ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.
I /we+ shall + be+past participle
Ex: Believers shall be given the heaven.
நம்பிக்னகயொைர்களுக்கு சுவைம்
அைிக்கப்படும்.

Shall
 Used with nouns and adjectives.
I /we+ shall + be+noun/adjective.
Ex: I shall be a doctor. நொன் ஒரு மருத்துவரொக இருப்லபன்.
 Used with “to+infinite” (வினைசயச் ம்)
I /we+shall be+to+present verb
Believers shall be to go to heaven.
நம்பிக்னகயொைர்கள் சுவைம் ச ல்ல இருக்கிறொர்கள்.© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

Used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+shall Example
Simple future tense I/we +shall +present verb I shall give
Future continous tense I/we +shall+be+present continous verb I shall be giving
Future perfect tense I/we +shall+have+past participle I shall have given
Future perfect continous
tense
I/we +shall+have+been+present
continous verb
I shall have been
giving
Used to denote permission Shall+I/we+present verb Shall I come?
Used to denote certainity You/they/he/she/it+shall+present verb You shall come.
Used as a passive voice
1. simple future
2. Future perfect
1. I/we +shall+be+past participle
2. I/we +shall+have+been+past
participle
1. I shall be
appreciated
2. I shall have been
appreciated
Used with noun and adjective i/we +shall+be+noun/adjective I shall be a doctor
Used with “to+infinitive” I /we +shall+be+to+present verb If Allaah wills, we shall
be to go to highest
heaven.

Can Could May Might Shall
‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb
Used to denote
permission
Ex:can I come?
Ex:could I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:may I come?
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:shall I
come?
Used to denote
ability
Ex:I/we/You/they/h
e/she/it can do
Ex:I/we/You/they/he/she/it could
do.
Used to denote
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/s
he/it may do
I/we/You/they/he/she/it might do
Used to denote
certainity
You/they/
he/she/it shall
do
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we can be
happy
Used with noun/adjective
Ex: I /we could be happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we may be
happy
Ex: I /we might be happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used to indicate any event that
did not took place in the past
Ex:I could have come
Ex:I might have come
Present Past Present Past Present

Am Is Ar
e
W
as
Wer
e
Do D
oe
s
Did Have Has Had can coul
d
May Migh
t
Shall
I
+a
m
He/
she/
it+is
Yo
u/
we
/
the
y+
ar
e
I
/he
/
sh
e/it
+w
as
We/
you/
they
+we
re
i/we/
you/
they
+ do
H
e/
sh
e/i
t +
do
es
I
/we
/you
/the
y/he
/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/yo
u/
they
+
have
+
noun
He/sh
e/it+h
as
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+
had
I /
we/yo
u/
they/H
e/she/i
t+can
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/
it+co
uld
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+
may
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+
might
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+s
hall
Pre
sen
t
Pre
sent
Pr
es
ent
Pa
st
Pas
t
Pres
ent
Pr
es
en
t
Pas
t
Prese
nt
Prese
nt
Past Prese
nt
past Prese
nt
verb
Past
verb
Prese
nt
verb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’
ver
b
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘do’v
erb
‘d
o’
ve
rb
‘do’
ver
b
‘have’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb
‘shall’
verb

Past verb of shall

Should
 Used to denote sense of duty(கடனம உைர்ச் ி)
I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should + present verb
Ex:I should study.நொன் படிக்க லவண்டும்.
 Used as “Should+be”
I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should + be +
noun/adjective/past participle verb.
Ex: I should be happy.நொன் ந்லைொ மொக இருக்க லவண்டும்.

Should
 Used as “should+have” to indicate any event that
didn’t took place in the past. கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை
ஒரு ச யனலக் குறிக்கும் லபொது “should+have” எனும்
வடிவில் பயன்படும்.
I /we/you/they/ kannan and radha /he/she + should +
have +past participle verb.
Ex: I should have done.நொன் ச ய்து இருந்து இருக்க லவண்டும்.

Used I/we/you/they/he/she/it+should Example
to denote sense of duty I/we/you/they/he/she/it+
should+present verb
I/we/you/they/he/she/it
should study
As “should+be” I/we/you/they/he/she/it+
should+be+noun/adjective/ past
participle verb
should be truthful.
As “should+have” to
denote any event that
did not took place in the
past
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+
should+have+past participle
verb
should have come.

Shall Should
‘Shall’ verb ‘Shall’ verb
I/we/you/they/he/she/
it
I/we/you/they/he/she
/it
Present verb Past verb of shall
Used to denote
certainity in future
tense in this pattern
Ex:I shall work
Used to denote
sense of duty in this
pattern
Ex:I should work© Noorul Rizwanudeen , Maryam Arabic Academy

Can Could May Might Shall Should
‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb
Used to denote
permission
Ex:can I come?
Ex:could I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:may I come?
Used to denote more
obedience
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:shall I come?
Used to denote
ability
Ex:I/we/You/they/
he/she/it can do
Ex:I/we/You/they/he/she/it
could do.
Used to denote
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/sh
e/it may do
Used to denote more
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/she/it
might do
Used to denote
certainity
You/they/ he/she/it
shall do
Used to denote
sense of duty
You/they/he/she
/it should do
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we can be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we may be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we shall be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective/p
ast participle
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used to indicate any event
that did not took place in
the past
Used to indicate any event
that did not took place in
the past
Used to indicate
any event that
did not took
place in the past
Ex:I should have
come
Present Past Present Past Present past

Am Is Ar
e
W
as
Wer
e
Do D
oe
s
Did Have Has Had can could May Might Shall shoul
d
I
+a
m
He/
she/
it+is
Yo
u/
we
/
the
y+
are
I
/he
/
sh
e/it
+w
as
We/
you/
they
+we
re
i/we/
you/
they
+ do
H
e/
sh
e/i
t +
do
es
I
/we
/you
/the
y/he
/
she/
it +
did
I /
we/yo
u/
they +
have
+
noun
He/sh
e/it+h
as
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+
had
I /
we/you
/
they/H
e/she/i
t+can
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/
it+cou
ld
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+m
ay
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+m
ight
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+s
hall
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+s
hould
Pre
sen
t
Pre
sent
Pr
es
ent
Pa
st
Pas
t
Pres
ent
Pr
es
en
t
Pas
t
Prese
nt
Prese
nt
Past Presen
t
past Prese
nt
verb
Past
verb
Prese
nt
verb
Past
verb
‘be’
ver
b
‘be’
verb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
verb
‘do’v
erb
‘d
o’
ve
rb
‘do’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘have’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb
‘shall’
verb
‘shall’
verb

Might Could Should
Past verb of
“may”
Past verb of
“can”
Past verb of
“shall”
Used
as”might+have” to
denote some
event that was
not happened in
past
Used
as”could+have”
to denote some
event that was
not happened in
past
Used
as”should+have”
to denote some
event that was not
happened in past
Ex:I might have
done
Ex:I could have
done
Ex:I should have
done

Present
verb
Past
verb
Past
particip
le verb
Present
particip
le verb
Will(s) Willed Willed Willing

Will
 Noun:Determination(மை உறுைி)
Capability of mind- (மலைொ க்ைி)
Intention-கருத்து,லநொக்கம்
Decree-கட்டனை
Desire-விருப்பம்
Testament will-மரை ொ ைம்

Future tense-Will
 You/they/he/she/it
1)Simple present tense
You/they/he/she/it + will + present verb.
Ex: If Allah wills, You will give-அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நீ கண்டிப்பொக சகொடுப்பொய்.
2)Future continous tense
You/they/he/she/it+will+be+present verb+ing
Ex: If Allah wills, You will be giving. -அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நீ கண்டிப்பொக
சகொடுத்துக் சகொண்டிருப்பொய்.

Future tense-Will
3)Future perfect tense
You/they/he/she/it+will+have+past participle
Ex: You will have studied –நீ படித்துக் சகொண்டிருப்பொய்.
4)Future perfect continuous tense
You/they/he/she/it+will+have been+present verb+ing
Ex: She will have been giving.அவள் சகொடுத்துக்
சகொண்டிருப்பொள்.

Will
 Used to denote other’s permission. மற்றவர்கைின் அனுமைினயக் குறிக்கப்
Will + you/they/he/she/it+present verb?
Ex: will you come? நீ வருவொயொ?
 Used with I and we to denote the certainity.
I மற்றும் Weக்கு அருகில் வந்து உறுைினயக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
Ex: I will come-நொன் கண்டிப்பொக வருலவன்.
 Used with Won’t to denote the wish.
Won’t +you/they/he/she/it+present verb?
Ex:Won’t you come-நீ மொட்டொயொ?

Will
 Used to denote Assumption (or) Probability
you/they/he/she/it+will+be+noun/adjective
Ex:If Allaah wills, You will be a Doctor. அல்லொஹ் நொடிைொல் நீ
மருத்துவைொக இருப்பொய்.
 Used to denote the certainity in future tense.
வருங்கொலத்ைில் கட்டொயம் நிகை இருக்கும் ம்பவத்னைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
you/they/he/she/it+will+have to+present verb
Ex: you will have to obey. நீ கட்டுப்பட லவண்டும்.

Will
 Used in passive voice. ச யப்பொட்டு வினையில்
Simple Future passive voice( ொைொரை எைிர்கொல
ச யப்பொட்டு வினை.)
you/they/he/she/it+will+be+past participle.
Ex:The Book will be given. புத்ைகங்கள்
சகொடுக்கப்படும்.

Will used I /we/you/they/he/she/it+will Example
Simple future tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it +
will+present verb
If Allah wills,I will give
Future continous tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it +
will+be+present continous verb
If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it will be giving`
Future perfect tense If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it +
will+have+been+present continous verb
If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it will have
been giving
To denote permission If Allah wills, will+you/they/he/she/it + present
verb
If Allah wills, will you come?
near I /we to denote
certainity.
If Allah wills, I /we/you/they/he/she/it +
will+present verb
If Allah wills,I will come
To denote permission If Allah wills, won’t+I /we/you/they/he/she/it
+present verb
If Allah wills,Won’t you come?
To denote assumption or
probability
You/they/he/she/it+will+be+noun/adjectives They will be doctors.
To denote the certainity in
future
You/they/he/she/it+will+have to+present verb You will have to come
As passive voice
1. Simple future passive
voice
2. Future perfect
continous passive voice
1. You/they/he/she/it+will+be+past participle
2. You/they/he/she/it+will+have+been+ past
participle
1. Books will be given
2. Book will have been given

Shall Will
‘shall’verb ‘will’verb
Future verb Future verb
Simple future tense
Ex: I shall give
Simple future tense
Ex: I will give
Future continous tense
Ex:I shall be giving
Future continous tense
Ex:I will be giving
Future perfect tense
Ex:I shall have given
Future perfect tense
Ex:I shall have given
Future perfect continous tense
Ex:I shall have been giving
Future perfect continous tense
Ex:I will have been giving
Used with I /we to denote permision
Ex:shall I /we come?
Used with you /they/he/she/it to denote permision
Ex:will you come?
Used with you /they/he/she/it to denote
certainity
Ex:you shall come
Used with I /we to denote certainity
Ex:I will come
Ex:I shall be happy
Ex:I will be happy

Shall Should Will
‘Shall’ verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb
Future Past Future
Used with nouns
and adjectives
Ex:I shall be happy
Used with nouns and
adjectives
Ex:I should be happy
Used with nouns and adjectives
Ex:I will be happy

Can Could May Might Shall Should Will
‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb
Used to denote
permission
Ex:can I come?
Ex:could I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:may I come?
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:shall I
come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:will you
come?
Used to denote
ability
Ex:I/we/You/they/he
/she/it can do
Ex:I/we/You/they/he/she/it could
do.
Used to denote
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/s
he/it may do
I/we/You/they/he/she/it might do
Used to denote
certainity
You/they/
he/she/it shall
do
Used to denote
sense of duty
You/they/he/sh
e/it should do
Used to denote
certainity
i/we will come
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we can be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we may be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used with
noun/adjective/
past participle
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used with
noun/ adjective
Ex:I /we will be
happy
Used to indicate any event that did
not took place in the past
Used to
indicate any
event that did
not took place
in the past
Ex:I should
have come
Present Past Present Past Present past Future

A
m
Is Ar
e
W
as
We
re
Do D
o
e
s
d
May Migh
t
Shall shou
ld
will
I
+a
m
He/
she
/it+i
s
Yo
u/
we
/
th
ey
+a
re
I
/h
e/
sh
e/i
t+
wa
s
We/
you
/
the
y+
wer
e
i/we
/
you/
they
+ do
H
e/
s
h
e/
it
+
d
o
e
s
I
/we
/yo
u/th
ey/
he/
she
/ it
+
did
I /
we/y
ou/
they
+
have
+
noun
He/s
he/it+
has
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+
had
I /
we/yo
u/
they/H
e/she/i
t+can
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/
it+co
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
may
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
might
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
shall
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
shoul
d
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
will
Pr
es
ent
Pre
sen
t
Pr
es
en
t
Pa
st
Pas
t
Pre
sent
Pr
e
s
e
nt
Pas
t
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Past Prese
nt
past Pres
ent
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘b
e’v
er
b
‘b
e’v
er
b
‘be’
ver
b
‘do’
verb
‘d
o’
v
er
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘have
’ verb
‘have
’ verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb
‘shall’
verb
‘shall’
verb
‘will’v
erb

Past verb of will

 Used to ask other’s wish.மற்றவர்கைின் விருப்பத்னைக் லகட்க பயன்படுகிறது.
Would+you/they/he/she/it/kannan and radha/kannan/radha +present verb?
Ex:Would You come?-நீ வருவொயொ?
 Used to say our wish.நம் விருப்பத்னை ச ொல்வைற்கு பயன்படுகிறது.
I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha + would like to
+present verb
Ex: I would like to come.-நொன் வர விரும்பிகிலறன்.

I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha +would
be+noun/adjective
Ex:I would be a teacher.-நொன் ஒரு ஆ ிரியரொக இருப்லபன்.
 Used as “would+have”
you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha +would
+have+past participle verb
Ex:you would have come.நீ வந்ைிருந்து இருப்பொய்.

 I/we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/ka
nnan and radha +would +present verb
Ex:I would come-நொன் வருலவன்.

Would used I/we/you/they/he/she/it +would Example
To ask other’s wish Would +you/they/he/she/it+present
verb
If Allah wills, Would you
come?
To say our wish I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+like
+to+present verb
If Allah wills, I would like to
go to heaven.
Used with
noun/adjectives
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+be+
noun/adjective
If Allah wills, I would be an
Administrator
Used as
“would+have” to
indicate the action
that didn’t took place
in the past
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+hav
e+past participle verb
If Allah wills,I would have
come
To indicate the
probability
I/we/you/they/he/she/it+would+wo
uld+present verb.
If Allah wills,I would come

Would Will
‘will’verb ‘will’verb
Past verb Present verb
Used to ask other’s wish
Ex:If Allah wills,would you
come?
Ex:If Allah wills,will you come?
Used to denote the probability
Ex:If Allah wills,I would come
Used to denote the certainity
Ex:if Allah wills,I will come.
Ex:If Allah wills,I would be a
teacher
Ex:If Allah wills,I will be a
teacher

Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would
‘can’verb ‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb ‘will’verb
Used to denote
permission
Ex:can I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:could I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:may I come?
Used to denote more
obedience
Ex:might I come?
Used to denote
permission
Ex:shall I
come?
Used to
denote
permission
Ex:will you
come?
Used to
denote
permission
Ex:would
you come?
Used to denote
ability
Ex:I/we/You/the
y/he/she/it can
do
Used to denote
ability
Ex:I/we/You/they/he/
she/it could do.
Used to denote
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/sh
e/it may do
Used to denote more
doubt
I/we/You/they/he/she/i
t might do
Used to denote
certainity
You/they/
he/she/it shall
do
Used to denote
sense of duty
You/they/he/sh
e/it should do
Used to
denote
certainity
i/we will
come
Used to
denote
probability
i/we will
come
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we can be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we could be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we may be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we might be
happy
Used with
noun/adjective
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used with
noun/adjective/
past participle
Ex: I /we shall
be happy
Used with
noun/
adjective
Ex:I /we will
be happy
Used with
noun/
adjective
Ex:I /we
would be
happy
Used to indicate any
event that did not
took place in the
past
Ex:I could have
come
Used to indicate any
event that did not took
place in the past
Used to
indicate any
event that did
not took place
in the past
Ex:I should
have come
Used to
indicate any
event that
did not took
place in the
past
Ex:I would
have come
Present Past Present Past Present past Future Past

Could Might Should Would
‘can’verb ‘may’verb ‘shall’verb ‘will’verb
Past verb Past verb Past verb Past verb
i/we/you/they/he/sh
e/it+could
i/we/you/they/he/sh
e/it+might
i/we/you/they/h
e/she/it+should
i/we/you/they/he/
she/it+would
Used to indicate
any event that
didn’t took place in
the past
Ex:I could have
come
Used to indicate
any event that
didn’t took place in
the past
Ex:I might have
come
Used to
indicate any
event that didn’t
took place in
the past
Ex:I should
have come
Used to indicate
any event that
didn’t took place
in the past
Ex:I could have
come

A
m
Is Ar
e
W
as
We
re
Do D
o
e
s
Di
d
Hav
e
Has Had can coul
d
May Mig
ht
Shal
l
sho
uld
will woul
d
I
+a
m
He/
she
/it+i
s
Yo
u/
w
e/
th
ey
+a
re
I
/h
e/
sh
e/i
t+
w
as
We
/
you
/
the
y+
wer
e
i/we
/
you
/
the
y+
do
H
e/
s
h
e/
it
+
d
o
e
s
I
/we
/yo
u/t
hey
/he
/
she
/ it
+
did
I /
we/y
ou/
they
+
have
+
noun
He/s
he/it
+has
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+
had
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+c
an
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/
it+co
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+ma
y
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+mig
ht
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sha
ll
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sho
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+will
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+wo
uld
Pr
es
en
t
Pre
sen
t
Pr
es
en
t
P
as
t
Pa
st
Pre
sen
t
P
re
s
e
nt
Pa
st
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pas
t
Prese
nt
past Pres
ent
verb
Past
verb
Futu
re
verb
Past
verb
Futu
re
verb
Past
verb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘d
o’
v
er
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
ver
b
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb
‘shall
’verb
‘shall
’verb
‘will’v
erb
‘woul
d’ver
b

Present
verb
Past verb Past
participle
verb
Present
participle
verb
Dare Dared Dared Daring

Used as verb.
Meaning:துைிவு சகொள்,வ ீரம் லபசு!
Used as Adjective.
Meaning:துைிகரமொை, ொக முள்ை!
Used as noun.
Meaning:துைிகரம்,துைிவு

 Used to indicate braveness(னைரியம்)
How dare + pronoun + verb + noun?
Ex: how dare you waste time?-லநரத்னை வ ீைொக்குவைற்கு
உைக்கு எவ்வுைவு னைரியம்?
• Used to challenge( வொல் விடுவைற்கு இது பயன்படுகிறது.)
Do + I /we/you/they/kannan/radha + dare to+ present verb +noun?
Ex:Do you dare to waste time?- லநரத்னை வ ீைொக்குவைற்கு உைக்கு
னைரியம் இருக்கிறைொ?

Dare
 Used as “dare say” to indicate the
doubt( ந்லைகம்).
Ex:I dare say,it may rain.
 Used as “dare to say” to indicate the certainity
உறுைியொக நடக்கும் ச யனலக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுகிறது.
Ex:I dare to say,it will rain.

Dare used i/we/you/they/he/she/
it+dare
Example
To indicate the
braveness
How+dare+i/we/you/th
ey/he/she/it+verb+nou
n
How dare you
waste time.
To challenge Do+I/we/you/they+dar
e to+verb+noun?
Do you dare to
waste time?
To indicate the
doubt
‘dare say’ I dare say,If Allah
wills it may rain
To indicate the
certainity
‘dare to say’ I dare to say,If
Allah wills it will
rain

A
m
Is Ar
e
W
as
We
re
Do D
o
e
s
d
May Migh
t
Shall shou
ld
will woul
d
dare
I
+a
m
He/
she
/it+i
s
Y
ou
/w
e/
th
ey
+a
re
I
/h
e/
sh
e/i
t+
w
as
We
/
you
/
the
y+
wer
e
i/we
/
you/
they
+
do
H
e/
s
h
e/
it
+
d
o
e
s
I
/we
/yo
u/t
hey
/he
/
she
/ it
+
did
I /
we/y
ou/
they
+
have
+
noun
He/s
he/it
+has
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+
had
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+c
an
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/
it+co
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+ma
y
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+mig
ht
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sha
ll
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sho
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+will
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+wo
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
Pr
es
ent
Pre
sen
t
Pr
es
en
t
P
as
t
Pa
st
Pre
sent
P
re
s
e
nt
Pa
st
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Past Prese
nt
past Pres
ent
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
Past
verb
Pres
ent
verb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘d
o’
v
er
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘have
’
verb
‘have
’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May’
verb
‘may’
verb
‘shall
’verb
‘shall
’verb
‘will’v
erb
‘woul
d’ver
b
‘Dare
’
verb

 இைற்கு கடந்ை கொலம் கினடயொது.no past verb
 Adjective:Frenzied(மைம் பிடித்ை)
 Noun:frenzy(மைம்),new wine(புது ொரொயம்),அவ ியம் ச ய்ய
லவண்டிய (அல்லது ) இருக்க லவண்டிய ஒன்று.
 இது கண்டிப்பொக லவண்டும் என்பனைக் குறிக்கிறது.
I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and
radha+must+present verb
Ex:I must go.

Must
I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+must
be+noun/adjective.
Ex:I must be truthful.
 Used as “must have” to indicate any event that didn’t took place in the past
கடந்ை கொலத்ைில் நடக்கொை ச யனலக் குறிப்பிடும் லபொது “must have” எனும் வடிவில் பயன்படுகிறது.
I we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan and radha+must have+past
participle verb
Ex:I must have studied

Must used I/we/you/they/he/she/it
+must
Example
To indicate
certainity in
future
+must+present verb
I must go
with
noun/adjectiv
e
+must
be+noun/adjective
I must be truthful
As
“must+have”
+must have+past
participle verb
must have studied

A
m
Is A
re
W
a
s
We
re
Do D
o
e
s
Di
d
Hav
e
Has Had can coul
d
May Mig
ht
Shal
l
sho
uld
will woul
d
dare Mus
t
I
+a
m
He/
sh
e/it
+is
Y
o
u/
w
e/
th
ey
+
ar
e
I
/h
e/
sh
e/i
t+
w
as
We
/
yo
u/
the
y+
we
re
i/we
/
you
/
the
y+
do
H
e
/s
h
e
/it
+
d
o
e
s
I
/we
/yo
u/t
he
y/h
e/
sh
e/
it +
did
I /
we/y
ou/
they
+
have
+
noun
He/s
he/it
+has
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+
had
I /
we/yo
u/
they/
He/sh
e/it+c
an
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/
it+co
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+ma
y
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+mig
ht
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sha
ll
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+sho
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+will
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+wo
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
Pr
es
en
t
Pre
se
nt
Pr
es
e
nt
P
as
t
Pa
st
Pre
sen
t
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
Pa
st
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pas
t
Prese
nt
past Pres
ent
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
Past
verb
Futur
e
verb
Past
verb
Pres
ent
verb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘be’
ver
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘d
o’
v
e
r
b
‘do’
ver
b
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
ver
b
‘Can’
verb
‘Can’
verb
‘May
’
verb
‘may
’
verb
‘shall
’verb
‘shall
’verb
‘will’
verb
‘woul
d’ver
b
‘Dar
e’
verb
‘mus
t’ver
b

Present
verb
Past verb Past
participle
verb
Present
participle
verb
Need(s) Needed Needed Needing

Need
 Used as verb as well as auxiliary verb.
 Noun:requirement(லைனவ),necessity,povert
y (வறுனம),needlessness(லைனவயில்லொை).
 Verb:require,want
 Adjective:needful,needy
 Adverb:needfully,needfullness,needlessly,n
eeds
 Needless to say

Need
 Used as a verb
I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan
and radha+need(s)+noun
Ex:I need money.
 Used as question form
Ex: need +I
/we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/kannan
and radha+present verb
Ex:need I come?

Need
 Used as negative form
and radha+need not+Present verb.
Ex:I need not come.
 Used with “to+infinitive”
and radha+need +to+present
verb/be+adjective.
Ex:I need to go

Need used i/we/you/they/he/she/
it
Example
As a verb i/we/you/they/he/she/it
need+present verb
I need come
In a question form Need+i/we/you/they/h
e/she/it+present verb?
Need I come?
In a negative form i/we/you/they/he/she/it
+need not+present
verb
I need not come
With “to+infinitive” i/we/you/they/he/she/it
+need+to+present
verb/(be+adjective)
I need to go
I need to be happy

A
m
Is A
re
W
a
s
W
er
e
Do D
o
e
s
Di
d
Hav
e
Has Ha
d
can coul
d
May Mig
ht
Shal
l
sho
uld
will wou
ld
dare Mus
t
nee
d
I
+a
m
He
/sh
e/it
+is
Y
o
u/
w
e/
th
e
y
+
ar
e
I
/h
e/
s
h
e/
it
+
w
a
s
W
e/
yo
u/
the
y+
we
re
i/w
e/
you
/
the
y+
do
H
e
/
s
h
e
/i
t
+
d
o
e
s
I
/w
e
/yo
u/t
he
y/h
e/
sh
e/
it +
did
I /
we/y
ou/
they
+
hav
e +
nou
n
He/s
he/it
+ha
s
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+
had
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it+
can
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/
it+co
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+m
ay
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+mi
ght
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+sh
all
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+sh
ould
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+wil
l
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t+wo
uld
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t
I /
we/y
ou/
they
/He/
she/i
t
Pr
es
en
t
Pr
es
ent
P
re
s
e
nt
P
a
st
Pa
st
Pre
sen
t
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
Pa
st
Pres
ent
Pres
ent
Pas
t
Pres
ent
past Pres
ent
verb
Past
verb
Futu
re
verb
Past
verb
Futu
re
verb
Past
verb
Pres
ent
verb
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘be
’ve
rb
‘b
e’
v
er
b
‘b
e’
v
er
b
‘be
’ve
rb
‘do’
ver
b
‘
d
o
’
v
e
r
b
‘do
’
ver
b
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘ha
ve’
ver
b
‘Can’
verb
‘Can
’
verb
‘May
’
verb
‘may
’
verb
‘shal
l’ver
b
‘shal
l’ver
b
‘will’
verb
‘wou
ld’ve
rb
‘Dar
e’
verb
‘mus
t’ver
b
‘nee
d’ve
rb

Ought to
 Noun:cipher(0),nought-இன்னம
 Used to indicate moral obligation(ஒழுக்க
சநறிகள்)
and radha+ought to+present verb+noun.
Ex:I ought to tell truth
 Used to indicate the probability.
 Ex:Petrol price ought to increase soon.

‘Ought to’
used
I/we/you/they/he/
she/it +ought to+
Example
To indicate the
moral
obligation
I/we/you/they/he/s
he/it +ought
to+present
verb+noun
I/we/you/they/
he/she/it
ought to read
The Quran
To indicate the
probability
I/we/you/they/he/s
he/it +ought to
If Allah wills,
he ought to
become CM.

A
m
Is A
r
e
W
a
s
W
er
e
Do D
o
e
s
Di
d
Hav
e
Has Ha
d
can cou
ld
May Mig
ht
Sha
ll
sho
uld
will wo
uld
dar
e
Mu
st
nee
d
Ou
ght
to
I
+
a
m
He
/s
he
/it
+i
s
Y
o
u/
w
e/
th
e
y
+
a
r
e
I
/h
e/
s
h
e/
it
+
w
a
s
W
e/
yo
u/
th
ey
+
we
re
i/w
e/
yo
u/
the
y+
do
H
e
/
s
h
e
/i
t
+
d
o
e
s
I
/w
e
/y
ou
/th
ey
/h
e/
sh
e/
it
+
di
d
I /
we/
you/
they
+
hav
e +
nou
n
He/
she/
it+h
as
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+
ha
d
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+can
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+c
ould
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+m
ay
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+m
ight
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+s
hall
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+s
houl
d
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+w
ill
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it+w
ould
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it
I /
we/
you/
they
/He/
she/
it
Pr
es
e
nt
Pr
es
en
t
P
r
e
s
e
nt
P
a
st
Pa
st
Pr
es
ent
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
Pa
st
Pre
sent
Pre
sent
Pa
st
Pres
ent
past Pre
sent
verb
Pas
t
verb
Fut
ure
verb
Pas
t
verb
Fut
ure
verb
Pas
t
verb
Pre
sent
verb
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘b
e’v
er
b
‘b
e’
v
e
r
b
‘b
e’
v
e
r
b
‘b
e’v
er
b
‘do
’ve
rb
‘
d
o
’
v
e
r
‘d
o’
ve
rb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘hav
e’
verb
‘ha
ve’
ver
b
‘Can’
verb
‘Ca
n’
verb
‘Ma
y’
verb
‘ma
y’
verb
‘sha
ll’ve
rb
‘sha
ll’ve
rb
‘will’
verb
‘wo
uld’
verb
‘Dar
e’
verb
‘mu
st’v
erb
‘nee
d’ve
rb
‘oug
ht
to’v
erb

 Noun:
 Use-
(உபலயொகப்படுத்துைல்)employment,(னகயொளுைல்)treatme
nt,(பயன்)utility,(உபலயொகிக்கும் உரினம)the privilege to
use,(மைிப்பு)value,(வைக்கம்)custom
 In use-புைக்கத்ைில் உள்ை
 Out of use-புைக்கத்ைில் இல்லொை
 Come into use-புைக்கத்ைிற்கு வொ
 Use up-உபலயொகித்து ைீர்
 Be used to-பைக்கப்பட்டிறு
 Usefulness

 Verb:
Use-(treat(னகயொளு),employ(பயன்படுத்து),handle (னகயொளு))
 Adjective:
useful-serviceable,profitable
Usual-வைக்கமொை
Unusual-அ ொைரைமொை
 Adverb:
Usefully
Usually
Unusually

 Used to indicate Discontinued habit
I /we/you/they/he/she/it/kannan/radha/ kannan and radha +used to+present verb
Ex:I used to tell truth.
 Used to indicate accustomed habit
I +am +used to+present verb+ing+noun
Ex:I am used to playing cricket
we/you/they/ kannan and radha+are +used to+present verb+ing+noun
Ex: we are used to speaking English
he/she/it/kannan/radha+is+used to+present verb+ing+noun
He is used to reading The Quran.

‘Used to’ i/we/you/they/he/she/it+u
sed to+
Example
In
discontinued
habit
i/we/you/they/he/she/it+use
d to+present verb+noun
I used to tell a lie
In
accustomed
habit
I +am+used to+present
continous verb+noun
I am used to reading
The Quran
In
accustomed
habit
We/you/they +are +used
to+present continous
verb+noun
We are used to
reading The Quran
In
accustomed
habit
He/she/it+is+used
to+present continous
verb+noun
He is used to reading
The Quran

A
m
Is A
r
e
W
a
s
W
er
e
Do D
o
e
s
Di
d
Ha
ve
Ha
s
Ha
d
can cou
ld
Ma
y
Mig
ht
Sh
all
sho
uld
will wo
uld
dar
e
Mu
st
nee
d
Ou
ght
to
Us
ed
to
I
+
a
m
H
e/
sh
e/i
t+i
s
Y
o
u
/
w
e
/
t
h
e
y
+
a
r
e
I
/
h
e
/
s
h
e
/i
t
+
w
a
s
W
e/
yo
u/
th
ey
+
w
er
e
i/w
e/
yo
u/
the
y+
do
H
e
/
s
h
e
/i
t
+
d
o
e
s
I
/w
e
/y
ou
/th
ey
/h
e/
sh
e/
it
+
di
d
I /
we/
you
/
the
y +
hav
e +
nou
n
He/
she
/it+
has
I /
we
/yo
u/
the
y/
He
/sh
e/it
+
ha
d
I /
we/y
ou/
they/
He/s
he/it
+ca
n
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/
it+c
oul
d
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+m
ay
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+m
ight
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+s
hall
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+s
hou
ld
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+wi
ll
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t+w
oul
d
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t
I /
we/
you
/
the
y/H
e/s
he/i
t
P
re
s
e
nt
Pr
es
en
t
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
P
a
s
t
P
as
t
Pr
es
ent
P
r
e
s
e
n
t
P
as
t
Pre
sen
t
Pre
sen
t
Pa
st
Pres
ent
pas
t
Pre
sen
t
ver
b
Pas
t
ver
b
Fut
ure
ver
b
Pas
t
ver
b
Fut
ure
ver
b
Pas
t
ver
b
Pre
sen
t
ver
b
‘b
e’
v
er
b
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘
b
e
’v
e
r
b
‘
b
e
’v
e
r
b
‘b
e’
ve
rb
‘do
’ve
rb
‘
d
o
’
v
e
r
‘d
o’
ve
rb
‘ha
ve’
ver
b
‘ha
ve’
ver
b
‘ha
ve’
ver
b
‘Can
’
verb
‘Ca
n’
ver
b
‘Ma
y’
ver
b
‘ma
y’
ver
b
‘sh
all’v
erb
‘sh
all’v
erb
‘will
’ver
b
‘wo
uld’
ver
b
‘Da
re’
ver
b
‘mu
st’v
erb
‘ne
ed’
ver
b
‘ou
ght
to’v
erb
‘ne
ed’
ver
b

Auxiliary verbs

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