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Nursing: Proper Planning in Nursing.pptx
Explain the importance of planning in nursing and healthcare delivery. Describe the steps involved in the planning process. Identify and explain common barriers to effective planning. Discuss the principles that guide successful planning. Formulate clear and measurable goals and objectives for nursing practice.
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Nursing: Proper Planning in Nursing.pptx
- 1. Planning in Nursing EPP260s Compiled by C Settley 23 May 2025
- 2. Objectives • By theend of the session, students will be able to: – Explain the importance of planning in nursing and healthcare delivery. – Describe the steps involved in the planning process. – Identify and explain common barriers to effective planning. – Discuss the principles that guide successful planning. – Formulate clear and measurable goals and objectives for nursing practice.
- 3. 05/22/2025 Compiled byC Settley 3 Introduction to Planning • Definition: – Planning in nursing is the process of setting patient-centered goals and determining the appropriate nursing interventions to achieve those goals. – It is a systematic phase of the nursing process that follows assessment and diagnosis, and it serves to guide nursing actions and prioritize patient care.
- 4. 05/22/2025 Compiled byC Settley 4 Role of Planning in Nursing 1. Establishes Priorities 2. Sets SMART Goals 3. Guides Nursing Interventions 4. Promotes Patient-Centered Care 5. Enhances Communication and Coordination 6. Improves Continuity of Care 7. Supports Evaluation 8. Facilitates Documentation and Accountability
- 5. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 5 The Need for Planning in Nursing: Planning is a critical component of the nursing process, essential for ensuring high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The need for planning arises from several key aspects of healthcare and nursing practice: • 1. Ensures Organized and Systematic Care • Planning provides a clear roadmap for care, helping nurses to deliver services in a logical and structured manner. • It prevents haphazard or reactive care, reducing the risk of errors. • 2. Promotes Individualized Patient Care – Every patient is unique. Planning allows nurses to tailor interventions based on specific needs, preferences, and health conditions. – It supports holistic care by addressing physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.
- 6. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 6 The Need for Planning in Nursing: Planning is a critical component of the nursing process, essential for ensuring high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The need for planning arises from several key aspects of healthcare and nursing practice: • 3. Improves Patient Outcomes – When care is well-planned and goal-directed, patients are more likely to recover faster and maintain better health. – Planned care promotes early detection of complications, timely interventions, and continuous monitoring. • 4. Facilitates Communication and Teamwork – A documented care plan serves as a communication tool among the healthcare team, ensuring continuity and consistency across shifts and disciplines. – It aligns all team members with common goals and interventions.
- 7. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 7 The Need for Planning in Nursing: Planning is a critical component of the nursing process, essential for ensuring high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The need for planning arises from several key aspects of healthcare and nursing practice: • 5. Enhances Time and Resource Management – Planning helps nurses allocate their time efficiently and use resources wisely by focusing on priority needs. – This is especially important in settings with limited staff or supplies. • 6. Supports Legal and Ethical Practice – A clear, documented plan of care provides evidence of professional accountability and compliance with ethical and legal standards. – It protects both the patient and the nurse.
- 8. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 8 The Need for Planning in Nursing: Planning is a critical component of the nursing process, essential for ensuring high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The need for planning arises from several key aspects of healthcare and nursing practice: • 7. Enables Evaluation and Quality Improvement – Planning sets measurable goals that can later be evaluated, helping nurses to assess the effectiveness of care and make necessary adjustments. – It contributes to ongoing improvement in nursing practice and patient care quality.
- 9. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 9 Steps in Planning Process
- 10. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 10 Barriers to Planning in Nursing Despite its importance, effective planning in nursing can be hindered by several obstacles, including:
- 11. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 11 Principles of Planning in Nursing • 1. Goal-Oriented • 2. Patient-Centered • 3. Flexible and Adaptable • 4. Realistic and Achievable • 5. Prioritized • 6. Comprehensive • 7. Evidence-Based • 8. Clear and Communicable • 9. Time-Phased
- 12. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 12 Formulating Goals/Objectives
- 13. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 13 Difference Between Goals and Objectives Goals Objectives Broad, general statements about desired outcomes. Specific, detailed statements describing actions or steps to achieve goals. Focus on overall patient outcomes. Focus on measurable and concrete tasks or behaviors. Example: “Improve patient’s mobility.” Example: “Assist patient to walk 10 meters with a walker by day 3.” Often long-term or medium- term. Usually short-term and immediate. Provide direction for planning and evaluation. Guide nursing interventions and daily care activities.
- 14. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 14 Scenario for Group Activity You are part of the nursing team working in a busy community health clinic. The clinic serves a large number of patients daily, including people with chronic illnesses, pregnant women, and children requiring vaccinations. Recently, the clinic has been experiencing challenges in organizing patient care effectively, leading to delays in treatment and some patients missing follow-ups. As a team, your task is to identify possible barriers to planning nursing care in this clinic setting based on your observations and experiences.
- 15. 05/22/2025 Complied byC Settley 15 Guiding Questions for the Group • What challenges might nurses face when trying to plan care for many patients with diverse needs? • How could the clinic’s workload and staffing levels affect planning? • What issues might arise from communication between staff or between nurses and patients? • How might limited resources (medications, equipment) impact the planning process? • What role does patient cooperation or understanding play in successful planning? • Are there any organizational or administrative factors that could be barriers? • How does documentation or record-keeping affect planning in this setting? • Can cultural or language differences affect planning and care delivery?
Editor's Notes
- #4 Role of Planning in Nursing: Establishes Priorities Helps nurses prioritize health problems and interventions based on urgency and patient needs. Sets SMART Goals Goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound to ensure clarity and focus in care delivery. Guides Nursing Interventions Planning identifies evidence-based nursing actions to address specific patient problems effectively. Promotes Patient-Centered Care Involves the patient and family in decision-making, ensuring care aligns with the patient's values, preferences, and lifestyle. Enhances Communication and Coordination Ensures all healthcare team members understand the plan of care and work collaboratively. Improves Continuity of Care Supports care across shifts and transitions (e.g., from hospital to home), maintaining consistent treatment. Supports Evaluation Provides a basis for evaluating patient progress and adjusting the care plan as needed. Facilitates Documentation and Accountability Documents clearly defined goals and interventions, supporting legal and professional standards of practice.
- #8 In summary, the need for planning in nursing arises from the responsibility to provide safe, efficient, individualized, and evidence-based care. It ensures that nursing actions are purposeful and coordinated, ultimately benefiting both patients and the healthcare system.
- #9 1. Assess the Situation (Data Collection) Gather relevant and accurate information about the patient’s condition through observation, history-taking, physical assessment, and reviewing medical records. This forms the foundation for identifying patient needs and planning appropriate care. 2. Set Priorities Identify and rank the most urgent or important problems using tools like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs or the ABC approach (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Consider both the patient's immediate and long-term health needs. 3. Define Goals/Objectives Establish SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound). Goals should focus on what the patient is expected to achieve as a result of nursing care (e.g., “Patient will report pain level of less than 3 within 24 hours”). 4. Develop Action Plan Identify specific nursing interventions that will help achieve the set goals. Interventions should be evidence-based, realistic, and appropriate to the patient’s condition and preferences. 5. Allocate Resources Determine what human, material, and time resources are needed to carry out the plan effectively. This may include coordinating with other healthcare professionals or arranging for special equipment or services. 6. Implement Plan Put the action plan into effect by carrying out the identified nursing interventions. Document all care provided, and maintain communication with the healthcare team and the patient. 7. Evaluate Outcomes Review the patient’s response to the interventions and assess whether the goals were achieved. If outcomes are not met, revise the care plan accordingly, and continue the cycle of planning as needed.
- #10 1. Lack of Time Heavy workloads and staff shortages often leave nurses with limited time to thoroughly plan care. Urgent patient needs and emergencies can disrupt planned activities. 2. Insufficient Information Incomplete or inaccurate patient data can make it difficult to develop an effective care plan. Poor communication among healthcare providers may result in missing crucial details. 3. Inadequate Knowledge or Skills Nurses who lack training or experience in planning may struggle to set realistic goals or select appropriate interventions. Limited understanding of evidence-based practices can hinder quality planning. 4. Resistance to Change Some nurses or team members may resist adopting new plans or approaches, especially if they are accustomed to routine or traditional methods. Patients and families may also resist certain care plans due to cultural beliefs or preferences. 5. Resource Constraints Limited availability of staff, equipment, medications, or financial resources can restrict what can realistically be planned and implemented. Overburdened healthcare systems may struggle to support comprehensive planning. 6. Poor Communication and Collaboration Lack of coordination and communication within the healthcare team can lead to fragmented or conflicting plans. Ineffective handovers between shifts or departments affect continuity of care. 7. Unclear or Changing Priorities Rapid changes in a patient’s condition can make initial plans obsolete. Conflicting priorities between different healthcare professionals or patient preferences may complicate planning. 8. Documentation Issues Incomplete or unclear documentation can hinder planning, evaluation, and continuity of care. Time constraints and system usability problems may discourage thorough record-keeping.
- #11 1. Goal-Oriented Planning must focus on clear, specific goals that address the patient’s needs and desired outcomes. Goals should be measurable and time-bound to facilitate evaluation. 2. Patient-Centered Plans should respect the patient’s values, preferences, cultural beliefs, and involvement. Collaborative planning with patients and their families enhances compliance and satisfaction. 3. Flexible and Adaptable Plans must allow for modifications based on changes in the patient’s condition or new information. Flexibility ensures responsiveness to unexpected challenges. 4. Realistic and Achievable Goals and interventions should be practical, considering available resources, patient capabilities, and time constraints. Avoid setting goals that are too ambitious or unattainable. 5. Prioritized Planning should focus first on the most urgent or critical needs. Prioritization helps allocate time and resources effectively. 6. Comprehensive The plan should address all relevant aspects of the patient’s health, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. Holistic planning supports overall well-being. 7. Evidence-Based Nursing interventions and goals should be based on the best available clinical evidence and standards of care. This improves effectiveness and patient safety. 8. Clear and Communicable Plans must be documented clearly and communicated effectively to all members of the healthcare team. Good communication promotes consistency and coordination. 9. Time-Phased The plan should include timelines for when goals are expected to be achieved and interventions completed. Time frames help track progress and guide follow-up.
- #12 Specific: Clearly state what is to be achieved. Avoid vague terms. Example: “Patient will maintain adequate hydration” instead of “Patient will feel better.” Measurable: Define how progress or success will be measured. Example: “Patient will drink 1500 ml of fluids daily.” Achievable: Ensure the goal is realistic given the patient’s condition and resources. Example: Setting a goal for a bedridden patient to walk unaided immediately is not achievable. Relevant: The goal should relate directly to the patient’s health needs and nursing care. Example: Improving mobility after surgery is relevant to patient recovery. Time-bound: Specify a deadline or timeframe for achieving the goal. Example: “Within 3 days” or “By discharge.”
- #13 Summary: Goals define what you want to achieve broadly. Objectives describe how you will achieve the goals with clear, actionable steps. Using SMART criteria ensures both goals and objectives are well-structured and focused on patient-centered care.
- #15 1. What challenges might nurses face when trying to plan care for many patients with diverse needs? Difficulty in prioritizing patients due to varied and complex health conditions. Limited time to assess each patient thoroughly and develop individualized plans. Balancing urgent cases with routine care demands. 2. How could the clinic’s workload and staffing levels affect planning? Staff shortages increase workload, leaving less time for detailed planning. Overworked nurses may rush through planning, leading to incomplete or ineffective care plans. High patient-to-nurse ratios reduce the ability to provide personalized care. 3. What issues might arise from communication between staff or between nurses and patients? Miscommunication or lack of clear handover information can cause gaps in care plans. Inconsistent information sharing leads to conflicting or duplicated interventions. Patients may not fully understand their care plan if communication is unclear or rushed. 4. How might limited resources (medications, equipment) impact the planning process? Plans may need to be adjusted or compromised if essential supplies are unavailable. Resource scarcity can delay interventions or force prioritization of some patients over others. Lack of equipment limits the types of care or treatments nurses can plan. 5. What role does patient cooperation or understanding play in successful planning? Non-adherence to treatment or follow-up appointments undermines care goals. Patients who do not understand their condition or plan may refuse care or not follow instructions. Cultural beliefs or fears can lead to resistance to certain interventions. 6. Are there any organizational or administrative factors that could be barriers? Inadequate clinic policies or unclear protocols may confuse planning efforts. Poor scheduling and resource management affect availability of staff and materials. Lack of support from management for planning activities (e.g., time, training). 7. How does documentation or record-keeping affect planning in this setting? Incomplete or inaccurate records hinder continuity and evaluation of care. Poor documentation may cause repeated assessments or missed critical information. Time-consuming paperwork can reduce time available for actual planning. 8. Can cultural or language differences affect planning and care delivery? Language barriers make it difficult to communicate care plans effectively. Cultural differences may influence patients’ acceptance of certain treatments or advice. Lack of cultural competence among staff can lead to misunderstandings or non-compliance.