This document discusses various topics related to groups and group behavior. It defines what a group is and explores how groups have changed over time as societies transitioned from hunting/gathering to agricultural to industrial. It also examines different types of groups within societies like primary groups based on close relationships and secondary groups based on roles. Additional topics covered include in-groups and out-groups, reference groups, social networks, electronic communities, group size and dynamics, leadership styles, and phenomena like conformity, authority, and groupthink.

1. “ People who interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together.” - List 10 common characteristics of groups What is a Group?

2. Domestication Revolution Hunting and Gathering Pastoral and Horticultural Agricultural Societies and Their Transformation

3. Industrial Revolution Postindustrial (Information) Bioeconomic—New Type? Societies and Their Transformation

4. Social Equality Greatest in Hunting/Gathering Societies Social Inequality Grew Over Time Accumulation of Food Surplus Stimulated Change Groups Within Society

5. Primary Groups Face-to-Face The Family Friends Producing a Mirror Within Groups Within Society

6. Secondary Groups Larger, More Anonymous Members Interact Based on Roles Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association Groups Within Society

7. In-Groups and Out-Groups Loyalty to In-Groups Antagonism Towards Out-Groups Groups Within Society

8. In-Groups and Out-Groups Produce… Loyalty Sense of Superiority Rivalries/Competition Implications for Socially Diverse Society Groups Within Society

9. Reference Groups Provide a Yardstick Expose Us to Contradictory Standards Groups Within Society

10. Social Networks The Small World Phenomenon Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth? Groups Within Society

11. Implications for Socially Diverse Society Implications for Science Groups Within Society

12. Electronic Communities People Connect Online Newsgroups/Blogs Online Chat Rooms/Recruiting Some Meet Definition of a Group Groups Within Society

13. Group Size Affects Stability and Intimacy Dyad Triad Coalitions As Size Increases, So Does Stability As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy Decrease Group Dynamics

14. Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior The Larger the Group… Greater Diffusion of Responsibility Increase in Formality Division into Smaller Groups Group Dynamics

15. Who Becomes a Leader? Types of Leaders Instrumental/Operational Expressive/Charismatic Leadership

16. Leadership Styles Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles in Changing Situations Leadership

17. Personality Traits and Disorders Projection of internal or external fear Empowered to act out Organized members have some type of hierarchy and structure although it is usually skewed to what benefits the ideologies of the group Unorganized members usually follow given the moment

18. Power of Peer Pressure—Asch Experiment Study on Conformity Power of Authority—Milgram Experiment Administering Shocks Group Dynamics

19. Irving Janis Coined the Term Examples of Groupthink Preventing Groupthink Groupthink—Global Consequences

20. Group Phenomenon Both Organized and Unorganized- Individual loses inhibitions and ignores previously learned social norms and values The group moves as one entity: The Unorganized- Tornado Example The tornado is created by random and freak natural stimuli, there are factors that can help predict where they could occur but remain largely unpredictable in size, path, destructiveness, movement, and length as it dissipates The individuals that participate in the organized group have some type of prior knowledge of group requirements and ideologies

21. Restraints on Human Behavior (If Any) “This metaphysical freedom, or freedom of the will, as defining characteristics of man as such is possessed by men in all conditions whether of nature or of society” Rousseau

22. The Question of Individual Ethics If there is no known machine able to map or explain consciousness And all ethical perceptions are based on individual consciousness and usually hold true amongst certain groups Ethical interpretations are impossible to explain and therefore other individuals in different groups do not have to adhere to them So the question remains, can’t we all just get along?

23. Phenomenological Perspectives What is the phenomenon that ignites group action such as violent and nonviolent protests Two ethical perspectives clash- One perspective is usually associated with law, the status-quo, and/or the group in power Unorganized factors easily explained Examples of Phenomenological Social Interaction What is the difference between a riot and a revolution?