to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd, 34th week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd and 34th week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
This document provides an introduction and background for a study examining the effectiveness of a Breastfeeding Empowerment Programme (BEP) on knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in India. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the BEP, correlate outcomes with domains, and associate outcomes with background variables. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, variables, sample size, population, sampling technique, data collection tools, and data analysis methods for the randomized controlled study.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
This study aimed to determine factors influencing postnatal monitoring in the Bafang Health District of Cameroon. The study found that women who were informed of postnatal appointment dates by midwives, those who believed the appropriate period for follow-up was 6 weeks postpartum, and those who massaged their abdomen after childbirth were more likely to have knowledge of postnatal follow-up. In contrast, women with no knowledge of the appropriate periods for postnatal consultations were less likely to have knowledge. The study concluded that lack of knowledge about postnatal consultations and traditional practices are factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the district, and increased awareness campaigns are needed.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
The document is a dissertation submitted by Hem Kumari for her M.Sc in nursing. It includes declarations signed by Hem Kumari stating that the dissertation titled "A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Video Assisted Teaching On Knowledge Regarding Infertility Among Infertile Couple In Selected Hospitals At Haryana" is her own original work completed under the guidance of her professors. It also includes certificates signed by her guide, co-guide, internal and external examiners, endorsements by the head of the department and institution principal approving the dissertation work. The dissertation further includes an abstract providing the background, objectives, methodology and findings of the study assessing the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge of infertility among couples in
Study on utilization of antenatal care and outcome of pregnancy in a medical ...Su Dipta
- Antenatal care is important for both mother and baby's health during pregnancy. It involves medical supervision, screening tests, education, and management or referral of any health conditions.
- The document discusses the aims, components, and importance of antenatal care. It also presents data on antenatal care utilization and pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal, India. Key findings include over 50% of women receiving at least 3 antenatal visits and getting recommended tests.
- Ensuring quality antenatal care through multiple visits, screenings and education can help prevent complications and lower maternal and infant mortality rates.
Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM on Level of Knowledge Regardin...ijtsrd
Background Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. The term infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite regular and unprotected intercourse for 2 years. However, risk factors such as the womans age, abnormal menstrual periods, history of pelvic inflammatory disease and whether there has been previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, history of undescended testicles may warrant earlier investigations and treatment of infertility. Couples should be aware that 80 will conceive within a year and 90 within two years if they dont use contraception and have regular intercourse.1 Materials and Methods A pre experimental has provided comparison between a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment used for this study. The sample consisted 60 staff nurses those were working in obstetrics and gynecology department in selected hospital Haridwar . They were selected by Convenient non – probability Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding recent advancement in infertility treatment. Data analysis is done by using descriptive and inferential method. Results Findings suggest that the pre test knowledge score was 15.45 ±3.88 which has increased to post test knowledge score 30.11 ±3.4. Independent sample “t†test was calculated to find the significant difference between means of pretest and post test knowledge scores. The calculated t value was 23.036 df=59 at p 0.05 . This significant improvement in the knowledge can be attributed to the intervention. Conclusion Based on the findings of the study after the implementation of self instructional module, there is a significant increase in knowledge of staff nurses regarding the recent advancement in infertility treatment. Bhawna Sharma | Priscilla John | Asha ""Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Level of Knowledge Regarding Recent Advancements in Infertility Treatment among the Staff Nurses Working in Obstetrics and Gynecological Departments"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22929.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/22929/effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-on-level-of-knowledge-regarding-recent-advancements-in-infertility-treatment-among-the-staff-nurses-working-in-obstetrics-and-gynecological-departments/bhawna-sharma"
The Model Of The Effect Of Husband And Peer Support With Breastfeeding Educat...irjes
Innoncenti declaration in 1990 by the WHO aimed to support exclusive breastfeeding program.Peer
support will facilitate the sharing process where a process towards breastfeeding occurs, according to the theory
of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM). Mother has self efficacy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of
husband and peer support with breastfeeding education class for pregnant women on knowledge, process of
change according to the theory of Trans Theoretical Model (TTM), self efficacy. The research is a quasiexperimental
research. The study design was Non - Equivalent Control Group. The sampling technique used in
this study was non-random with accidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Sample size was 20 cases
and 20 controls. Independent Variable: The intervention of husband and peer support with breastfeeding
education class for pregnant woman. Dependent Variable: Self efficacy. Bivariate analysis: Paired t test,
Independent t test, Regression. Multivariate Analysis: Multiple regresion. The results: knowledge on case -
control p = 0.001, process of change p = 0.002 and self-efficacy p = 0.007. Conclusion: there was an effect of
knowledge on the process of change and self efficacy. Suggestion: pregnant woman and husbandshare
experiences regarding breastfeeding in order to improve knowledge.
This document provides an introduction and background for a study examining the effectiveness of a Breastfeeding Empowerment Programme (BEP) on knowledge, skills, self-confidence, and breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in India. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the BEP, correlate outcomes with domains, and associate outcomes with background variables. It outlines the objectives, hypotheses, variables, sample size, population, sampling technique, data collection tools, and data analysis methods for the randomized controlled study.
Effectiveness of pre delivery preparation on anxiety among Primigravida mothe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice
This study aimed to determine factors influencing postnatal monitoring in the Bafang Health District of Cameroon. The study found that women who were informed of postnatal appointment dates by midwives, those who believed the appropriate period for follow-up was 6 weeks postpartum, and those who massaged their abdomen after childbirth were more likely to have knowledge of postnatal follow-up. In contrast, women with no knowledge of the appropriate periods for postnatal consultations were less likely to have knowledge. The study concluded that lack of knowledge about postnatal consultations and traditional practices are factors influencing postnatal follow-up in the district, and increased awareness campaigns are needed.
The document summarizes a study on women's awareness of initiating and continuing breastfeeding after cesarean section in Baghdad, Iraq. The study involved surveying 30 women who had cesarean sections using a questionnaire. The results showed that 43.3% initiated breastfeeding within 24 hours of their c-section. 76.7% continued breastfeeding, though only 26% practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The study aimed to identify factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation after c-sections. It recommended promoting breastfeeding through baby-friendly hospital initiatives and counseling women during pregnancy and after birth.
The document is a dissertation submitted by Hem Kumari for her M.Sc in nursing. It includes declarations signed by Hem Kumari stating that the dissertation titled "A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Video Assisted Teaching On Knowledge Regarding Infertility Among Infertile Couple In Selected Hospitals At Haryana" is her own original work completed under the guidance of her professors. It also includes certificates signed by her guide, co-guide, internal and external examiners, endorsements by the head of the department and institution principal approving the dissertation work. The dissertation further includes an abstract providing the background, objectives, methodology and findings of the study assessing the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge of infertility among couples in
This document outlines a study conducted by Anjalatchi to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding prevention and management of perineal tears during normal delivery. The study was conducted at selected hospitals in Lucknow, India between 2019-2021. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 250 staff nurses to collect data on their knowledge. The results found that the majority of nurses had average knowledge, while some had poor or good knowledge. Overall knowledge was higher regarding management of tears compared to prevention. The study aims to identify gaps in nurse knowledge to help develop an educational module for improving care of mothers during childbirth.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
This study examined breastfeeding practices of 299 postnatal mothers in southeast Nigeria in terms of exclusivity, frequency, and duration. The results showed that most mothers exclusively breastfed for a short period, with 22.3% exclusively breastfeeding for 1 month and 31.5% for 4-6 months. The majority (80.7%) breastfed infants on demand day and night, while 40.5% reported infants suckling for over 20 minutes. Breastfeeding patterns were found to differ across primary, secondary, and tertiary health institutions, though not significantly. The study concluded that efforts are needed to motivate mothers to exclusively breastfeed for the recommended 6 months.
GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Ethanol Extract of Combretum...ijtsrd
This study assessed the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the knowledge and practices of caregivers regarding postoperative care of children with anorectal malformations. Sixty caregivers participated in a pre-test, were given the structured teaching program, and completed a post-test 7 days later. The results showed that the mean knowledge score increased significantly from 11.02 to 18.87, with a mean difference of 7.85. The mean practice score also increased significantly from 4.32 to 8.73, with a mean difference of 4.42. The study concluded that the structured teaching program improved the caregivers' knowledge and practices regarding postoperative care of children with anorectal malformations.
This review of literature summarizes several studies related to perineal tears during childbirth. Some key findings include:
1) Studies found higher rates of anal incontinence and impaired pelvic floor structures in women who experienced undiagnosed or missed perineal tears compared to diagnosed tears.
2) Techniques like warm compresses, perineal massage, and hands-off positioning were found to reduce rates of severe perineal tearing in some studies.
3) Operative vaginal deliveries and midline episiotomies were associated with higher risks of anal sphincter injuries and severe perineal trauma in several studies.
4) Implementation of checklists and
This document lists research projects completed by undergraduate and postgraduate students of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. It includes 29 thesis projects conducted by UG students on various topics related to assessing interventions to reduce anxiety, improve knowledge and outcomes for patients. It also lists 27 dissertation topics selected by MPhil Nursing students in 2006-2008 on topics like effectiveness of interventions, awareness programs, and assessments of various patient populations and health issues. The document provides an overview of the types of studies conducted by students at CMC Vellore across multiple disciplines and locations in India.
Quantitative Exploration of Focused Ante Natal Care among Skilled Health Care...iosrjce
The World Health Report, calls for "Realizing the Potential of Antenatal Care". While antenatal care
(ANC) interventions, in and of themselves, cannot be expected to have a major impact on maternal mortality,
the purpose is to improve maternal and perinatal health, this is necessary for improving the health and survival
of infants. This study determines the knowledge and practice of focused ante natal care among skilled
healthcare providers in Sokoto State of Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional design was employed using
structured questionnaire to assess a sample of 232 participants. The mean age of the respondents was 33 years
± 8. The result show that majority (84.9%) of the respondents were aware of focussed ante natal care and their
major source of information was lectures (69.0%). Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of FANC
but claimed that focussed ante natal care was not practiced in their hospital. The findings of this study showed
that skilled healthcare providers had good knowledge of FANC but the practice of FANC was not implemented
in Sokoto State, though participants reported their interest in the practice of FANC as the best suitable method
of ANC. Therefore, there is need for implementation of FANC in Sokoto State of Nigeria.
Development of a new tool for evaluating postnatal mother’s satisfaction foll...Alexander Decker
This document describes the development and testing of a new tool called the Jipi's Postnatal Satisfaction with Nursing Care Questionnaire (JPSNQ) to measure postnatal mothers' satisfaction with nursing care in India. The tool was developed based on a literature review and expert opinion. It was tested on 100 postnatal mothers and shown to have high reliability and validity. The tool contains 39 items across 6 domains of satisfaction. Testing found the tool to have high internal consistency and reliability. The study concludes that the JPSNQ is a valid and reliable new tool to measure maternal satisfaction with nursing care in India.
Crimson Publishers_Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among the Bengalee Females of West Bengal, India by Abhishikta Ghosh Roy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Innovations in Community-based Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Malnutrition ...CORE Group
This study compared the efficacy of mothers versus community health workers (CHWs) screening children for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Niger. Over 12,000 mothers and 36 CHWs were trained to use mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) color-coded bracelets. Results showed similar coverage rates, but mothers detected cases earlier with higher MUAC agreement rates and fewer children requiring inpatient care. Training mothers was lower cost but achieved better outcomes than using CHWs. The study demonstrates that empowering mothers to screen for malnutrition can improve programs and relieve pressure on health systems.
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primigravida - An Comparative Experimental Study by Rejisha TR in Womens health Journal
This document provides an overview of an 8-week online nursing course on advanced pathophysiology and pharmacology for nurse educators. It includes discussion questions for each week covering topics like genetic disorders, immunizations, electrolyte imbalances, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, genitourinary infections, neurological disorders, and endocrine disorders. Students are asked to analyze case studies, compare conditions, research treatments, and consider implications for patient education. The course aims to enhance understanding of disease processes and pharmacology to inform nursing practice.
Factors influencing quality management of medication by nurses at kenyatta na...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined factors influencing quality medication management by nurses in pediatric wards at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. The study found that high workload, language barriers, lack of pediatric drug formulations, multiple tasks, lack of support and limited space were the main challenges nurses faced in administering drugs. Experience working in pediatric wards and attendance of continuing medical education were associated with better quality drug administration. The study concluded that addressing workload and other challenges could improve quality of care, and recommended training more nurses in pediatric care and developing standards and guidelines for medication management.
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge of contraceptive methods and the impact of health education among married women in India. The study used a pre-test post-test design and surveyed 1200 married women between the ages of 18-45 before and after a health education intervention. The results showed that before the intervention, knowledge of female sterilization was highest at 93.6%, while knowledge of other methods like oral contraceptives and condoms was lower. After the health education, knowledge increased to nearly 100% for all discussed methods. The study concluded that health education significantly improved knowledge of contraceptive methods and that sociodemographic factors like education level were associated with existing knowledge.
Objective: To evaluate the utility of a targeted lecture in improving FP awareness amongst clinicians.
Design: This is a dual institution, prospective survey-based study assessing if an educational lecture can increase the likelihood of FP consideration, discussion, and referral.
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Chapter iv data analysis and interpretationanjalatchi
This chapter analyzed data collected from 250 staff nurses through a structured questionnaire on prevention and management of perineal tears during delivery. It found that 38% of nurses had good knowledge, 34% had average knowledge, and 28% had poor knowledge. Knowledge was higher regarding management than prevention. Statistical analysis found significant associations between knowledge levels and educational qualification, work experience, experience in the labor room, and previous knowledge. However, there were no significant associations with age or gender.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and assess the accuracy of capillary blood glucose testing using a glucometer compared to venous blood glucose testing. The study screened 357 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Rajkot, India. The prevalence of GDM was found to be 20.4% by glucometer and 11.5% by venous blood testing. Several risk factors for GDM were identified, including being urban, middle socioeconomic class, primigravid, and obese. The glucometer showed intermediate agreement with venous blood testing but could be useful for initial GDM screening at the community level. The study highlights the need for universal GDM screening and identifies populations at
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and.pdfheidilee52
The study aimed to describe evidence-based intrapartum care practices and associated factors at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines through direct observation of 170 deliveries and interviews with healthcare providers. While recommended practices like prophylactic oxytocin were followed in most cases, potentially harmful practices like episiotomy in 92% of first-time mothers and fundal pressure in 31% of mothers were also observed. Factors associated with episiotomy included being a first-time mother, longer second stage of labor, and assisted delivery. Factors linked to fundal pressure were being a first-time mother, oxytocin augmentation, and assisted delivery. Healthcare providers believed these practices can prevent tearing, though the rate of severe
OSCE Tool for Improving B. Sc. Nursing Students' Antenatal , Examinationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
This document outlines a study conducted by Anjalatchi to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding prevention and management of perineal tears during normal delivery. The study was conducted at selected hospitals in Lucknow, India between 2019-2021. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 250 staff nurses to collect data on their knowledge. The results found that the majority of nurses had average knowledge, while some had poor or good knowledge. Overall knowledge was higher regarding management of tears compared to prevention. The study aims to identify gaps in nurse knowledge to help develop an educational module for improving care of mothers during childbirth.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptive use upon Women's Social Relationship who att...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Breastfeeding Practices of Postnatal Mothers: Exclusivity, Frequency and Dura...IJEAB
This study examined breastfeeding practices of 299 postnatal mothers in southeast Nigeria in terms of exclusivity, frequency, and duration. The results showed that most mothers exclusively breastfed for a short period, with 22.3% exclusively breastfeeding for 1 month and 31.5% for 4-6 months. The majority (80.7%) breastfed infants on demand day and night, while 40.5% reported infants suckling for over 20 minutes. Breastfeeding patterns were found to differ across primary, secondary, and tertiary health institutions, though not significantly. The study concluded that efforts are needed to motivate mothers to exclusively breastfeed for the recommended 6 months.
GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Present in Ethanol Extract of Combretum...ijtsrd
This study assessed the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the knowledge and practices of caregivers regarding postoperative care of children with anorectal malformations. Sixty caregivers participated in a pre-test, were given the structured teaching program, and completed a post-test 7 days later. The results showed that the mean knowledge score increased significantly from 11.02 to 18.87, with a mean difference of 7.85. The mean practice score also increased significantly from 4.32 to 8.73, with a mean difference of 4.42. The study concluded that the structured teaching program improved the caregivers' knowledge and practices regarding postoperative care of children with anorectal malformations.
This review of literature summarizes several studies related to perineal tears during childbirth. Some key findings include:
1) Studies found higher rates of anal incontinence and impaired pelvic floor structures in women who experienced undiagnosed or missed perineal tears compared to diagnosed tears.
2) Techniques like warm compresses, perineal massage, and hands-off positioning were found to reduce rates of severe perineal tearing in some studies.
3) Operative vaginal deliveries and midline episiotomies were associated with higher risks of anal sphincter injuries and severe perineal trauma in several studies.
4) Implementation of checklists and
This document lists research projects completed by undergraduate and postgraduate students of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. It includes 29 thesis projects conducted by UG students on various topics related to assessing interventions to reduce anxiety, improve knowledge and outcomes for patients. It also lists 27 dissertation topics selected by MPhil Nursing students in 2006-2008 on topics like effectiveness of interventions, awareness programs, and assessments of various patient populations and health issues. The document provides an overview of the types of studies conducted by students at CMC Vellore across multiple disciplines and locations in India.
Quantitative Exploration of Focused Ante Natal Care among Skilled Health Care...iosrjce
The World Health Report, calls for "Realizing the Potential of Antenatal Care". While antenatal care
(ANC) interventions, in and of themselves, cannot be expected to have a major impact on maternal mortality,
the purpose is to improve maternal and perinatal health, this is necessary for improving the health and survival
of infants. This study determines the knowledge and practice of focused ante natal care among skilled
healthcare providers in Sokoto State of Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional design was employed using
structured questionnaire to assess a sample of 232 participants. The mean age of the respondents was 33 years
± 8. The result show that majority (84.9%) of the respondents were aware of focussed ante natal care and their
major source of information was lectures (69.0%). Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of FANC
but claimed that focussed ante natal care was not practiced in their hospital. The findings of this study showed
that skilled healthcare providers had good knowledge of FANC but the practice of FANC was not implemented
in Sokoto State, though participants reported their interest in the practice of FANC as the best suitable method
of ANC. Therefore, there is need for implementation of FANC in Sokoto State of Nigeria.
Development of a new tool for evaluating postnatal mother’s satisfaction foll...Alexander Decker
This document describes the development and testing of a new tool called the Jipi's Postnatal Satisfaction with Nursing Care Questionnaire (JPSNQ) to measure postnatal mothers' satisfaction with nursing care in India. The tool was developed based on a literature review and expert opinion. It was tested on 100 postnatal mothers and shown to have high reliability and validity. The tool contains 39 items across 6 domains of satisfaction. Testing found the tool to have high internal consistency and reliability. The study concludes that the JPSNQ is a valid and reliable new tool to measure maternal satisfaction with nursing care in India.
Crimson Publishers_Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among the Bengalee Females of West Bengal, India by Abhishikta Ghosh Roy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Innovations in Community-based Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Malnutrition ...CORE Group
This study compared the efficacy of mothers versus community health workers (CHWs) screening children for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Niger. Over 12,000 mothers and 36 CHWs were trained to use mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) color-coded bracelets. Results showed similar coverage rates, but mothers detected cases earlier with higher MUAC agreement rates and fewer children requiring inpatient care. Training mothers was lower cost but achieved better outcomes than using CHWs. The study demonstrates that empowering mothers to screen for malnutrition can improve programs and relieve pressure on health systems.
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Effect of Antenatal Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Postnatal Stress Urinary Incontinence in Primigravida - An Comparative Experimental Study by Rejisha TR in Womens health Journal
This document provides an overview of an 8-week online nursing course on advanced pathophysiology and pharmacology for nurse educators. It includes discussion questions for each week covering topics like genetic disorders, immunizations, electrolyte imbalances, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, genitourinary infections, neurological disorders, and endocrine disorders. Students are asked to analyze case studies, compare conditions, research treatments, and consider implications for patient education. The course aims to enhance understanding of disease processes and pharmacology to inform nursing practice.
Factors influencing quality management of medication by nurses at kenyatta na...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examined factors influencing quality medication management by nurses in pediatric wards at Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. The study found that high workload, language barriers, lack of pediatric drug formulations, multiple tasks, lack of support and limited space were the main challenges nurses faced in administering drugs. Experience working in pediatric wards and attendance of continuing medical education were associated with better quality drug administration. The study concluded that addressing workload and other challenges could improve quality of care, and recommended training more nurses in pediatric care and developing standards and guidelines for medication management.
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge of contraceptive methods and the impact of health education among married women in India. The study used a pre-test post-test design and surveyed 1200 married women between the ages of 18-45 before and after a health education intervention. The results showed that before the intervention, knowledge of female sterilization was highest at 93.6%, while knowledge of other methods like oral contraceptives and condoms was lower. After the health education, knowledge increased to nearly 100% for all discussed methods. The study concluded that health education significantly improved knowledge of contraceptive methods and that sociodemographic factors like education level were associated with existing knowledge.
Objective: To evaluate the utility of a targeted lecture in improving FP awareness amongst clinicians.
Design: This is a dual institution, prospective survey-based study assessing if an educational lecture can increase the likelihood of FP consideration, discussion, and referral.
A STUDY OF THE PERCEPTION ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS ...edianbiir
This document presents a study on the perception of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Legon Hospital in Ghana. It provides background information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and highlights breastfeeding rates in Ghana. While nearly all Ghanaian mothers initiate breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding rates drop significantly after the first few months. The study aims to address the lack of record keeping on exclusive breastfeeding and mother support groups at Legon Hospital.
Chapter iv data analysis and interpretationanjalatchi
This chapter analyzed data collected from 250 staff nurses through a structured questionnaire on prevention and management of perineal tears during delivery. It found that 38% of nurses had good knowledge, 34% had average knowledge, and 28% had poor knowledge. Knowledge was higher regarding management than prevention. Statistical analysis found significant associations between knowledge levels and educational qualification, work experience, experience in the labor room, and previous knowledge. However, there were no significant associations with age or gender.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and assess the accuracy of capillary blood glucose testing using a glucometer compared to venous blood glucose testing. The study screened 357 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Rajkot, India. The prevalence of GDM was found to be 20.4% by glucometer and 11.5% by venous blood testing. Several risk factors for GDM were identified, including being urban, middle socioeconomic class, primigravid, and obese. The glucometer showed intermediate agreement with venous blood testing but could be useful for initial GDM screening at the community level. The study highlights the need for universal GDM screening and identifies populations at
Evidence-based intrapartum practice and.pdfheidilee52
The study aimed to describe evidence-based intrapartum care practices and associated factors at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines through direct observation of 170 deliveries and interviews with healthcare providers. While recommended practices like prophylactic oxytocin were followed in most cases, potentially harmful practices like episiotomy in 92% of first-time mothers and fundal pressure in 31% of mothers were also observed. Factors associated with episiotomy included being a first-time mother, longer second stage of labor, and assisted delivery. Factors linked to fundal pressure were being a first-time mother, oxytocin augmentation, and assisted delivery. Healthcare providers believed these practices can prevent tearing, though the rate of severe
OSCE Tool for Improving B. Sc. Nursing Students' Antenatal , Examinationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care.
Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice.The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Research Critique Guidelines Essay Example Paper.docxwrite22
The document discusses two quantitative studies on breastfeeding. The Tang et al. (2019) study examined the association between maternal education and breastfeeding practices in China. It found higher rates of exclusive breastfeeding among those with lower education levels and incomes. The Yohmi et al. (2015) study assessed the effectiveness of antenatal breastfeeding education and found it improved breastfeeding initiation and duration. Both studies support providing breastfeeding education to nursing students and mothers to improve infant health outcomes.
1. The document presents a study on the effectiveness of early ambulation on uterine involution among postnatal mothers.
2. The study aims to assess uterine involution levels before and after early ambulation in an experimental group, and compare this to a control group without early ambulation.
3. A quasi-experimental design is used with 60 postnatal mothers divided into experimental and control groups, with uterine involution measured on a scale before and after the intervention of early ambulation for the experimental group.
A Review Related To Midwifery Led Model Of CareEmily Smith
This article provides a literature review on midwifery-led model of care (MLC) based on 50 studies. The main theme that emerged was women's satisfaction with MLC. Studies found that women were more satisfied with MLC because it provided continuity of care from a known midwife, respected women's choices during labor, and minimized unnecessary medical interventions. Women particularly valued the midwife's presence and support during childbirth. Overall, the review concludes that MLC enhances the childbirth experience by considering women's holistic needs and promoting normal birth.
JOGNN R E S E A R C HWomen’s Satisfaction With ObstetricTr.docxchristiandean12115
This document summarizes a study that examined pregnant women's satisfaction with obstetric triage services. Nineteen women were interviewed after receiving care in a hospital triage unit. Five themes emerged from the interviews: 1) Women were satisfied with the triage unit environment, finding it calm and welcoming. 2) Triage staff showed caring, respectful attitudes that made women feel supported. 3) Women appreciated how the triage team worked together effectively to monitor them and provide information. 4) The nursing care women received, such as close monitoring, made them feel comforted. 5) While time spent in triage varied, women understood that staff were adjusting to a new computer system. Overall, women were satisfied with the humanizing
— This study was conducted to find out if AFI ≤ 5 cms has any clinical significance in identifying the subsequent fetal distress & associated maternal & perinatal outcomes, in pregnancies beyond 37 weeks. Methodology: This is a prospective case control study done from July 2010 to July 2012 (24 months) at Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Center. Adgaon, Nashik. It study the pregnancy outcome comparison of 58 Anenatal Cases(ANCs)as Study Group with diangosis of oligohydramnios (AFI ≤ 5 cms) by ultrasound after 37 completed weeks of gestation w e r e compared with 58 ANCs (Control Group) with no oligohydramnios (AFI > 5 cms). These two groups were matched for other variables like age, parity, gestational age and any pregnancy complication. Results: There was significant difference between two groups. Hypertension and Preeclampsia were found significantly more in ANCs with oligohydramnios. FHR deceleration was also significantly higher in women with oligohydramnios. Women require LSCS were also significantly more in women with oligohydramnios. Newborn borned by women with oligohydramnios had significantly more chances to admit in NICU than in newborn born by women without oligohydramnios. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that women with oligohydramnios poor pregancy outcomes. Determination of AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods. Determination of AFI can be used as valuable screening test for predicting fetal distress in labour, requiring caesarean section.
The relationship between prenatal self care and adverse birth outcomes in you...iosrjce
Birth outcomes refer to the end result of a pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between self care practices during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in young women aged 16
to 24 years at a provincial maternity hospital in Zimbabwel. A descriptive corelational design was used. Orem’s
Self Care theory was used to guide the study. Eighty pregnant women were selected using systematic random
sampling and, data was collected using interviews from the 1 March - 31 April 2012. Permission to carry out
the study was obtained from the provincial maternity hospital, the Department of Nursing Science and the
Medical and Research Council of Zimbabwe. Findings revealed such adverse birth outcomes as prematurity
(between 28-32 weeks) 10 (12.5%), still births, 3 (3.75%), low apgar 17 (21.2%) and low birth weight 16 (20%).
Adverse birth outcomes in the mothers included high blood pressure 32 (40%), HIV infection 20 (25%) and post
partum hemorrhage 7 (8.8%) Twenty-four (30%) participants had not booked for antenatal care, 1 (1.8%)
booked for antenatal care at less than 12 weeks while only 1 (1.8%) disclosed her pregnancy at above 29 weeks’
gestation. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between self care practices and adverse birth
outcomes, r=.340. This meant that birth outcomes improved as self care practices increased. Significant R2
. was
.115 meaning self care practices explained 11.5% of the variance observed in birth outcomes. Midwives should
advocate delay in sexual debut in young women to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying breast milk to treat sore nipples among postnatal mothers. It found that applying breast milk significantly reduced nipple soreness in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, the mean nipple soreness score decreased from 13.53 to 5.27 in the experimental group after applying breast milk for one week, while it only decreased from 9.43 to 6.53 in the control group. This provides evidence that applying breast milk is an effective treatment for sore nipples among postnatal mothers.
This study assessed the perception of decision-making among nurse interns at Umm Al Qura University in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was administered to 30 nursing interns to measure their clinical decision-making skills. The findings showed that clinical quality was perceived as the highest attribute, while management received the lowest score. Most interns agreed that clinical settings caused stress. There was no significant correlation found between decision-making and competence based on gender. The knowledge gained from this study can help nursing staff, interns, administrators, and the university to identify skill gaps and improve internship training programs.
The study assessed the perception of decision-making among nurse interns at Umm Al Qura University in Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was administered to 30 nursing interns to evaluate their decision-making skills across various dimensions. The results found that clinical quality was perceived as the highest attribute, while clinical instructions were the lowest. Most interns agreed they felt stress in clinical settings and there was no significant correlation between decision-making and competence based on gender. The knowledge gained from the study can help nursing staff, interns, administrators, and the university to identify skill gaps and improve internship training programs.
The document discusses the goals, standards, and legal basis of maternal and child health nursing. The primary goal is to promote and maintain optimal family health to ensure healthy childbearing and childrearing. Maternal and child health nursing must be family-centered, community-centered, and research-oriented according to common standards that aim to protect patient safety, autonomy, and privacy.
Evaluation of factors that contributes to post-partum haemorrhage in Pregnant...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the world’s leading cause of maternal death and accounts for an estimated 127,000 deaths each year. Identification of some of the risk factors such as; previous postpartum haemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, macrosomia, induction of labour, operative vaginal deliveries and cesarean section would help in preventing PPH. The aim of this research was to assess the factors contributing to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among pregnant women who attend delivery services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH). This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design where by a cross-section of respondents involving 68 respondents were sampled to represent the target population, in these case women who received maternity service from KIU-TH. Only quantitative methods of data collection using questionnaires with closed ended questions were employed for both mothers and health workers. During the study period, 58 women who delivered in the unit and 20 women developed postpartum haemorrhage giving the frequency of postpartum haemorrhage 34.6%. The majority of the women 30% were between 30-34 years of age. Among the women who developed PPH retained placental tissues was the most common cause 50% followed by uterine atony which was 30%. The rest of the causes of PPH were laceration 20%. Postpartum haemorrhage is still a leading but preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our country due to underutilization of health facilities, the major cause is retained placental tissues followed by uterine atony.
Keywords: post-partum haemorrhage, pregnant women, delivering, Uganda
Evaluation of factors that contributes to post-partum haemorrhage in Pregnant...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the world’s leading cause of maternal death and accounts for an estimated 127,000 deaths each year. Identification of some of the risk factors such as; previous postpartum haemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, macrosomia, induction of labour, operative vaginal deliveries and cesarean section would help in preventing PPH. The aim of this research was to assess the factors contributing to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among pregnant women who attend delivery services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH). This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design where by a cross-section of respondents involving 68 respondents were sampled to represent the target population, in these case women who received maternity service from KIU-TH. Only quantitative methods of data collection using questionnaires with closed ended questions were employed for both mothers and health workers. During the study period, 58 women who delivered in the unit and 20 women developed postpartum haemorrhage giving the frequency of postpartum haemorrhage 34.6%. The majority of the women 30% were between 30-34 years of age. Among the women who developed PPH retained placental tissues was the most common cause 50% followed by uterine atony which was 30%. The rest of the causes of PPH were laceration 20%. Postpartum haemorrhage is still a leading but preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our country due to underutilization of health facilities, the major cause is retained placental tissues followed by uterine atony.
Keywords: post-partum haemorrhage, pregnant women, delivering, Uganda
Use of Simulation- based Training for Cancer Education among Nigerian Cliniciansasclepiuspdfs
Background: Among the many limitations of cancer control in Nigeria are lower awareness/competence and poorer training of health-care professionals (HCP). These manifest as deficiencies in advocacy, screening/diagnostic practices, and patient management. Medical simulation (MS) using models is an effective approach for sustainably improving the competence of HCP, especially regarding clinical breast examination (CBE), pelvic examination (PE), and digital rectal examination (DRE). The study evaluates the effect of MS during a Nigerian training course focusing on CBE, PE, and DRE. It answers the question: What is the immediate outcome of MS-based training, as well as the perspectives of HCP on the use of MS for cancer education? Methods: Participants included a convenience sample of Nigerian physicians and nurses who attended the American Society of Clinical Oncology-sponsored Multidisciplinary Cancer Management Course. The intervention was MS using high-fidelity models. The models demonstrated normal anatomic and common pathologic features of the breast, cervical, and prostate. Participants cycled through MS stations (i.e., CBE, PE, and DRE). Pre- and post-training surveys with comments evaluating self-reported comfort levels were the basis for comparison. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square, and thematic analysis. Results: A total of 51 participants completed course evaluation forms (physicians - 35 and nurses - 16), with an average number of years in practice as 8 (±5.2) years. Pre-training survey showed non-significant differences in practices patterns; 71% (22/35) of physicians rarely performed PE (P=0.92), and 93% (14/16) of nurses rarely performed DRE (P=0.07). According to some participants, “the use of simulation is quite commendable as it gives room for improvement before using a human; it is the best method of learning I have ever enjoyed.” Conclusion: MS-based training significantly improved the comfort levels of participants regarding CBE and PE, as well as their likelihood to perform CBE, PE, and DRE. Participants recommend widespread use of MS for continuing medical education and undergraduate training.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open AccessWoman-centred care during preg.docxrgladys1
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Woman-centred care during pregnancy and
birth in Ireland: thematic analysis of
women’s and clinicians’ experiences
Andrew Hunter1*, Declan Devane1, Catherine Houghton1, Annmarie Grealish2, Agnes Tully1 and Valerie Smith1
Abstract
Background: Recent policy and service provision recommends a woman-centred approach to maternity care. Midwife-
led models of care are seen as one important strategy for enhancing women’s choice; a core element of woman-centred
care. In the Republic of Ireland, an obstetric consultant-led, midwife-managed service model currently predominates and
there is limited exploration of the concept of women centred care from the perspectives of those directly involved; that
is, women, midwives, general practitioners and obstetricians.
This study considers women’s and clinicians’ views, experiences and perspectives of woman-centred maternity
care in Ireland.
Methods: A descriptive qualitative design. Participants (n = 31) were purposively sampled from two
geographically distinct maternity units. Interviews were face-to-face or over the telephone, one-to-one or
focus groups. A thematic analysis of the interview data was performed.
Results: Five major themes representing women’s and clinicians’ views, experiences and perspectives of
women-centred care emerged from the data. These were Protecting Normality, Education and Decision
Making, Continuity, Empowerment for Women-Centred Care and Building Capacity for Women-Centred Care.
Within these major themes, sub-themes emerged that reflect key elements of women-centred care. These
were respect, partnership in decision making, information sharing, educational impact, continuity of service,
staff continuity and availability, genuine choice, promoting women’s autonomy, individualized care, staff
competency and practice organization.
Conclusion: Women centred-care, as perceived by participants in this study, is not routinely provided in
Ireland and women subscribe to the dominant culture that views safety as paramount. Women-centred care
can best be facilitated through continuity of carer and in particular through midwife led models of care;
however, there is potential to provide women-centred care within existing labour wards in terms of
consistency of care, education of women, common approaches to care across professions and women’s
choice. To achieve this, however, future research is required to better understand the role of midwife-led care
within existing labour ward settings. While a positive view of women-centred care was found; there is still a
difference in approach and imbalance of power between the professions. More research is required to
consider how these differences impact care provision and how they might be overcome.
Keywords: Women-centred care, Choice in childbirth, Qualitative enquiry, Framework analysis, Thematic analysis
* Correspondence: [email protected]
1School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway,
.
Misconceptions about Oral Contraceptive Pill Used Among Women at Primary Heal...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study that examined misconceptions about oral contraceptive pills among women in Holy Karbala City, Iraq. The study involved a survey of 200 women attending primary health care centers. The survey assessed demographic information, reproductive histories, and levels of agreement with statements about potential consequences of oral contraceptive use. The results found that most participants were between 21-35 years old, housewives, and had primary education or less. Regarding reproductive histories, most had 1-2 pregnancies and deliveries. Assessment of misconceptions showed that over 50% of participants believed myths such as oral contraceptives causing nervousness or infertility. However, participants correctly understood the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy
Evidence-based practice is important for nurses to utilize when making decisions about client care. Using the most up-to-date evidence alongside a client's values and preferences can help guide the healthcare process. When evidence-based guidelines are included in a client's plan of care, the clinician has substantial data to make sound decisions and develop the best strategy for delivering care. One study found that pain from venous ulcers was not always properly addressed, negatively impacting healing. This highlighted the need for evidence-based wound care practices that adequately treat pain.
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Childhood Factors that influence success in later lifeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance Relationship: A Study on Sales Pe...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer’s Acceptance of Internet Banking in Dubaiiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study of Employee Satisfaction relating to Job Security & Working Hours amo...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumer Perspectives on Brand Preference: A Choice Based Model Approachiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Student`S Approach towards Social Network Sitesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Broadcast Management in Nigeria: The systems approach as an imperativeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study on Retailer’s Perception on Soya Products with Special Reference to T...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A Study Factors Influence on Organisation Citizenship Behaviour in Corporate ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Consumers’ Behaviour on Sony Xperia: A Case Study on Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Design of a Balanced Scorecard on Nonprofit Organizations (Study on Yayasan P...iosrjce
1. The document describes a study that designed a balanced scorecard for a nonprofit organization called Yayasan Pembinaan dan Kesembuhan Batin (YPKB) in Malang, Indonesia.
2. The balanced scorecard translated YPKB's vision and mission into strategic objectives across four perspectives: financial, customer, internal processes, and learning and growth.
3. Key strategic objectives included donation growth, budget effectiveness, customer satisfaction, reputation, service quality, innovation, and employee development. Customers perspective had the highest weighting, suggesting a focus on public service over financial growth.
Public Sector Reforms and Outsourcing Services in Nigeria: An Empirical Evalu...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Media Innovations and its Impact on Brand awareness & Considerationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets – A comparative studyiosrjce
- The document examines customer experience in supermarkets and hypermarkets in India through a survey of 418 customers.
- It finds that in supermarkets, previous experience, atmosphere, price, social environment and experience in other channels most influence customer experience, while in hypermarkets, previous experience, product assortment, social environment and experience in other channels are most influential.
- The study provides insights for retailers on key determinants of customer experience in each format to help them improve strategies and competitive positioning.
Social Media and Small Businesses: A Combinational Strategic Approach under t...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secretarial Performance and the Gender Question (A Study of Selected Tertiary...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Implementation of Quality Management principles at Zimbabwe Open University (...iosrjce
This document discusses the implementation of quality management principles at Zimbabwe Open University's Matabeleland North Regional Centre. It begins with background information on ZOU and the importance of quality management in open and distance learning institutions. The study aimed to determine if quality management and its principles were being implemented at the regional centre. Key findings included that the centre prioritized customer focus and staff involvement. Decisions were made based on data analysis. The regional centre implemented a quality system informed by its policy documents. The document recommends ensuring staffing levels match needs and providing sufficient resources to the regional centre.
Organizational Conflicts Management In Selected Organizaions In Lagos State, ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
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The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
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the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
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Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment Skills on Prenatal Attachment among Primigravida Women
1. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS)
e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 4, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan.-Feb. 2015), PP 70-75
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 70 | Page
Effect of a Training Program about Maternal Fetal Attachment
Skills on Prenatal Attachment among Primigravida Women
Tyseer Marzouk1*
and Hanan Nabil2
1
Lecturer of Maternity and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt
2
Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
Abstract
Aim: to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal attachment
among primigravida women.
Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. From a specific private Antenatal
Clinic in Mansoura city-Egypt eighty primigravida women aged 20 to 35 years, at 30th
week gestation, had
singleton pregnancy and can read and write were selected purposively between of January and August 2011
and was equally divided into two groups; intervention group: received a training program on two MFA skills
and control group: received the routine antenatal care. Using interview sheet and Cranley's Maternal Fetal
Attachment Scale (MFAS) the data were collected at baseline and after two and four weeks of the enrollment.
Results: MFAS score had significantly increased in the intervention group from 61.6±5.9 at the baseline to
68.5±6.8 and 69.6 ±5.9 at 32nd
, 34th
week gestation respectively. While the changes of the MFAS total score in
the control group were insignificant.
Conclusion: MFAS total scores had significantly increased in the intervention group at 32nd
and 34th
week
gestation compared to the baseline score. Conversely, the MFAS total score did not differ significantly between
the baseline and two and four weeks after enrollment among the control group.
Recommendations: Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the MFA skills to utilize in the
promotion of the prenatal MFA and motivate the active role of the nurses in helping the pregnant women to
adhere to the appropriate MFA skills are recommended.
Keywords: Prenatal attachment, maternal fetal attachment skills, primigravida women
I. Introduction
Prenatal attachment has been defined as “the emotional tie or bond which normally develops between the
pregnant woman and her unborn child” [1]. Quality of attachment directly affects maternal and fetal health.
Higher prenatal maternal fetal attachment (MFA) has been associated with positive health practices such as
obtaining regular prenatal care, maintaining a nutritionally-sound diet, obtaining adequate rest and sleep;
engaging in regular exercise, abstaining from illegal substances, and learning about pregnancy and childbirth,
which contributes to positive pregnancy outcome [2-4]. Conversely, women with lower MFA attachment are
less likely to engage in positive health practices during pregnancy [5].
Over the past 20 years, it has been recognized that MFA begins in early pregnancy and increases gradually
with advancing gestational age, especially in response to fetal movements [5, 6]. Research studies reveal many
attachment behaviors or skills that may contribute to stronger prenatal attachment. Such behaviors include; but
are not limited to, fetal parts palpation, counting the fetal movements, acquiring the expectant parents with the
child care knowledge, and speaking to the fetus [7-10]. Nurses are in an optimal position to enhance the MFA
level through pregnant women's education, training and applying MFA skills that may contributes to stronger
prenatal attachment.
Since, weak attachment have been associated with inefficient maternal health practices beside their adverse
pregnancy outcomes, the current research study tried to break this cycle by providing a training program on two
skills, namely fetal movements count (FMC) and fetal parts palpation to enhance prenatal attachment and
consequently improve the maternal health practices.
Significance of the study
Applying attachment skills by the pregnant woman could help to strengthen the prenatal attachment towards
the fetus and motivates the pregnant woman towards adopting healthy practices which in turn results in positive
pregnancy outcome. Research studies related to this subject were carried out in western countries. In Egypt,
there were no researches on training the pregnant mothers on applying such skills. Because this study may
enable obstetricians to provide interactive antenatal care services and add to nursing's body of knowledge by
enabling the nurses to identify pregnant mothers at risk for parenting deficits and be able to provide appropriate
guidance for them the current study was carried out.
2. Effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal…
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 71 | Page
Research hypothesis
Pregnant women who attend the MFA skills training program exhibit higher prenatal attachment than those who
do not attend the training program.
II. Subjects And Methods
2.1 Aim of the study
This study aimed to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal
attachment among primigravida women.
2.2 Research design
A quasi experimental research design was utilized.
2.3 Setting
This study was carried out in a specific private Antenatal Clinic at Mansoura city, Egypt.
2.4 Sampling
Purposive sample was used to recruit the participants based on the subjects' inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Eligible women were equally divided into two groups according to the following technique; using the client's
record, even numbers represents the intervention group while the odds numbers identified the control group. A
sample size of 80 subjects, were enrolled in this study. The sample size was calculated according to the
following formula:
Where: n= the number of pregnant women in each arm of the trial, Zα/2 is the value of normal distribution which
cuts off an upper tail probability of α/2. (If α=0.05 then Zα/2=1.96), Zβ is the value of normal distribution which
cuts off an upper tail probability of β. (If β =0.2, then Zβ =0.84), σ is the presumed standard deviation of the
outcome and Δ is the difference sought between the means of the two groups.
The independent variable in this study is Cranley's Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). If the clinically
relevant difference in the MFAS between the intervention and control groups is presumed to be 7.5 and the
standard deviation 11; and if two-sided significance level of 0.05 (or 5%) is to be used and the power should be
0.8 (or 80%) then by substitution of these data in the sample size formula: 2(11)2
(1.96+0.84)2
/(7.5)2
=33.7. So, at
least 34 primigravida women were required per each arm, by assuming that some participants may drop out
from the study 40 participants per each arm were enrolled.
Inclusion criteria
Primigravida women who were booked in a specific private Antenatal Clinic at Mansoura city for prenatal
care between of January and August 2011; were eligible to participate in the current research when they fulfilled
the following inclusion criteria: 1) Aged 20 to 35 years, 2) At 30th
week gestation, 3) Had singleton pregnancy
and 4) Can read and write. While were excluded from this study females with obstetric and/or psychological
problems, or unplanned pregnancy, and pregnancies resulting from advanced assisted reproductive technology.
2.5 Measures of data collection
2.5.1 Interview sheet
It was concerned with general characteristics such as age, length of marriage, education level, employment
status, and income and obstetric history such as parity and gravidity.
2.5.2 Cranley's MFAS
Cranley's MFAS [11] is a tool intends to measure prenatal maternal fetal attachment. It is a self rated scale
with 24-items; concerned with thoughts indicative of MFA, that were divided into five subscales namely (i)
Differentiation of self (4 items), (ii) Interaction with the fetus (4 items), (iii) Attributing characteristics and
intentions (5 items), (iv) Giving of Self (6 items) and (v) Role taking (5 items).
Respondents select one of 5 choices for each item; including 1 (definitely no), 2 (No), 3 (Uncertain), 4
(Yes), and 5 (definitely yes). Each subscale score is the sum of scores of all items representing the subscale. The
total score is the sum of scores of the five subscales, and ranges from 24 to 120. Higher total score indicates
higher levels of MFA. For the current study the researchers translated the MFAS scale into the Arabic language,
the scale was revised by 3 maternity nursing university professors and their comments were considered.
3. Effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal…
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 72 | Page
2.6 Ethical considerations
This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nursing Faculty-Mansoura University.
Informed consent was obtained from each participant after clarifying the study nature and they were assured
about the confidentiality of the collected data as well the participants were informed that they have the right to
withdraw during the study period.
2.7 Pilot study
A pilot study was conducted with 10 primigravida to test the clarity of measure's items and to estimate the
time needed to complete the tools. The results of the pilot indicated that the statements of the tools were clear
and no items were modified. Thus, the pilot sample included within the study.
2.8 Procedure of Data Collection
Before the groups assigning, the primigravida women were interviewed to confirm legibility to participate
in the study. After full general and obstetric clinical evaluation, eligible clients received full explanation about
the aim and method of the study and gave informed consents to participate in this study, and then were
instructed on how to fill in Cranley's MFAS, eligible women completed the MFAS during the antenatal clinic
visit at 30th
week gestation (baseline) and returned back to the researchers within 20-25 minutes, and then each
woman assigned to one group; intervention group or control group. Both groups were instructed to fill in the
same measure at 32nd
and 34th
week gestation and return them to the researchers during the subsequent antenatal
clinic visits thereafter.
2.9 The MFA skills training program
The Intervention group was provided with the training program. It entailed training on palpating the fetal
parts using Leopold's Maneuvers and counting the fetal movements. The program was provided through two
sessions.
Session one
It was theoretical; using a power point presentation MFA concept, benefits of improving MFA and the
different skills for enhancing MFA were clarified. During the same session, a videotape about applying
Leopold's Maneuvers and counting the fetal movements had been shown. This session was conducted in a
separate room in the clinic for approximately 30-45 minutes on small groups (n= 3-6).
Session two
It was started immediately after the first session in the same room and took approximately 10-15 minutes
for each participant. During this session each participant was individually trained by the nursing researcher on
performing the Leopold's Maneuvers through the following steps: instructing the client to void and lie in supine
position, then the researcher took the hand of each participant to help in touching the fetal buttocks and back
together with one hand and fetal limbs with the other hand [12], so that expectant mothers were actually able to
touch the fetal body parts. The enrolled pregnant mothers were asked to perform this procedure once weekly.
During the same session the enrolled pregnant mothers were trained on counting the fetal movements using
Cardiff method, that consists of instructing the pregnant woman to empty her bladder, drink a cup of juice
and immediately lie on left side and start counting the fetal movements [13,14]. The enrolled pregnant mothers
were asked to perform this procedure once daily, the findings were recorded on fetal movements counting chart
and provided to the researcher at the next antenatal clinic visit to monitor clients' compliance with the skill
performance.
The control group
This group received the routine prenatal care that was received by the intervention group but without
attending the training sessions and the participants of this group was not aware of the training sessions during
the study period.
2.10 Strengths and limitations
Using a valid tool for data collection, enough sample size as indicated by power analysis, and measuring
MFA score at different gestation weeks without drop out rate (i.e., that may be attributed to selecting booked
participants who pay for the antenatal care visits as a package; motivating them to attend their antenatal visits
regularly compared to the other method of paying in which the woman pay on each visit) are acting as the
factors that strengthen the present study. While lack of Egyptian research studies related to the study subject that
results in poor national references in the discussion section and conducting the study with very homogeneous
4. Effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal…
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 73 | Page
sample; all were primigravida, planned pregnancy and all from one institution; which limits the generalizability
of the findings, were considered as limitations of this study.
2.11 Data Analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for windows version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Continuous
data were expressed as mean ±standard deviation (SD), while categorical data were expressed in number and
percentage. The differences between the intervention group and control group were determined by independent
samples student’s t test for continuous data or chi-square test for categorical data. The MFAS scores within each
group at the 30th
, 32nd
, and 34th
weeks of gestation were compared using the repeated measure ANOVA test.
Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.
III. Results
Table1 shows the general characteristics of the intervention and control groups. The both groups were almost
similar at baseline as regards age (27.9 ±4.6 & 28.8 ±4.7) and length of marriage (3.1 ±1.4 & 3.4 ±1.4)
respectively. The same table also revealed that three quarters of the intervention group had secondary education
compared to 82% of the control group; 45% of the intervention group had a job compared to 40% in the control
group. Additionally, slightly more than half (52%) of the intervention group had reported less than enough
income compared to 47.5% in the control group who were reported the same status. Differences observed
between the two groups were not significant (p > 0.05).
According to both Table 2 and Fig.1 the MFAS score in the intervention group was 61.9 ±5.9 at baseline
(at 30th
gestation week). After two weeks of applying the training program, the score was then increased to 68.5
±6.8 and was further increased to 69.6 ±5.9 after another two weeks. These improvements in the MFAS scores
were highly significant (P<0.001). On the other hand, the changes of the MFAS score in the control group by
the end of the course were insignificant (p >0.05).
Table1. General characteristics of the intervention and control groups
Variables Intervention
Group
Control
Group
t P
Age 27.9 ±4.6 28.8 ±4.7 0.864 0.391
Length of marriage 3.1 ±1.4 3.4 ±1.4 0.945 0.348
Education level
Secondary 30 (75%) 33 (82.5%) 0.672* 0.412
University/graduated 10 (25%) 7 (17.5%)
Employed 18 (45%) 16 (40%) 0.205* 0.651
Less than enough income 21 (52.5%) 19 (47.5%) 0.200* 0.655
* Chi square test
Table2. Changes of the MFA score during the study in the intervention and control
groups
Gestational age Intervention
Group
Control
Group
t P
At 30th
week 61.6 ±5.9 61.8 ±7.4 0.083 0.934
At 32nd
week 68.5 ±6.8 63.8 ±8.5 2.752 0.007
At 34th
week (d8) 69.6 ±5.9 63.9 ±6.7 4.031 <0.001
Dependent ANOVA test
F 19.475 0.980
P <0.001 0.379
Figure1. Changes of the MFA score during the study in the intervention and control
groups
5. Effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal…
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page
IV. Discussion
The present study aimed to assess effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal
attachment among primigravida women. This aim was achieved through the present study findings which
revealed that the mean total MFAS score had increased in the two studied groups at both points of assessment
(32nd
, 34th
week gestation) compared to the baseline scores (at 30th
week gestation). However, this increase in
MFAS scores was significant among the intervention group; on the contrary this increase was insignificant
among the control group. Accordingly the study hypothesis was accepted "pregnant women who attend the
MFA skills training program exhibit higher prenatal attachment than those who do not attend the training
program".
The significant improvement of MFAS in the intervention group reflects that training the primigravida
expectant mothers on applying attachment skills was effective in improving prenatal attachment. Such findings
are consistent with the findings of previous studies. Using the same measure; Cranley's MFAS, Mikhail et al.
had found a statistically significant increase in total Cranley's MFAS scores in a randomized controlled
observational study on 213 healthy pregnant mothers after counting the fetal movements for one month using
Sadofsky method in one group and Cardiff method in the other group (P < 0.0001, F = 46.47) [15] . In a more
recent Iranian study conducted on 83 pregnant women; divided into two groups: the case group subjects were
instructed to count the fetal movements daily for one month, while the control group had received the routine
pregnancy care, MFAS scores were compared in the both groups before and after the fetal movements count and
showed a statistically significant improvement in the MFAS scores among the fetal movements count group
(p<0.001) [16].
Additionally, using Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), Nishikawa and Sakakibara [17], investigated
whether a training program on fetal parts palpation using Leopold's maneuvers would improve MFA of pregnant
women and reported that such attachment skill improves prenatal attachment of pregnant women [17].
Similarly, voluminous research studies found that prenatal education courses; positively influences prenatal
MFA [16, 18-20].
The significant improvement of MFAS in the intervention group may be attributed to the notion that fetal
movements counting by the enrolled pregnant mothers may increase their awareness with the developing life
within beside perception of the fetal viability, as well as fetal parts palpation through the abdomen enhances the
pregnant women's awareness of the fetal position and provides more sensitive perception of fetal activity
contributing to enhancing MFA. It can be easier to sense fetal movements through the abdominal wall than with
the central nervous system [21].
In the present study, the MFAS score had increased in the intervention group from 61.6 ±5.9 at baseline to
69.6 ±5.9 with a mean difference of 8 after four weeks of applying the predetermined two attachment skills. It
was higher than the significant increase that was reported by Bellieni et al. that was increased from 71.2±11.26
to 78.7±8.91 with a mean difference of 7.5 after applying Taegyo-focused prenatal classes for one month on 49
pregnant women [20], also the MFAS in the present study was higher than that of a more recent randomized
controlled trial which reported a significant increase of mean MFAS scores from 55.98±6.99 to 61.90±5.41 with
a mean difference of 4.8 by 150 primigravida women after training their husbands on MFA behaviors for six
weeks [22].
The nature and content of the attachment skills that has been used, the baseline MFA score, and the targeted
group; pregnant women or their husbands, as well as the general characteristics of the studied samples may
explain the differences of mean maternal fetal attachment scores after the intervention. It is known that the
maternal fetal attachment scores are affected by age, parity, planned pregnancy, education, and income [23]. In
the present study those were not different between the both groups, so that both study groups were considered to
have similar general characteristics.
The current study and previous studies findings; those used the same attachment behaviors that were used
in the present study (fetal movements counting and fetal parts palpation) or those used other attachment
behaviors emphasizes that nurses are in an optimal position, which allows client education and anticipatory
nursing interventions to improve the concept of MFA during the prenatal care visits.
V. Conclusion
MFAS total score had increased in the two studied groups at both points of assessment (32nd
, 34th
week
gestation) compared to the baseline scores (at 30th
week gestation). The increase of MFAS scores was
significant in the intervention group and insignificant in the control group.
VI. Recommendations
1. Replicating the research using a larger, random sample that target women from different settings with
different parity, age, education level, and both planned and unplanned pregnancy.
6. Effect of a training program about maternal fetal attachment skills on prenatal…
DOI: 10.9790/1959-04117075 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page
2. Enhancing the health care providers' awareness of the most appropriate strategies to utilize in the promotion
of the positive MFA at any stage of pregnancy.
3. Nurses should have an active role in helping the pregnant women to adhere to the appropriate MFA skill
that consequently affect the healthy practices during pregnancy.
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