Demographic Transition,World Population Demographics,Economic Growth Facts Concerned,Reflexion,World’s Population growth Hierachy,Glimpses of Population Growth in relation to Socio economic developments,Agricultural Revolution,Social Equity View,Both hunger and high fertility occur when:,Women’s Education,Family Planning,Challenge: Burden of Diseasein the new millenium,Birth Control Methods in China,A change an Initiative,The challenge of caring for a billion,Economic development, Education and Health,Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere. ,Water pollution affects ecosystems.

2. THE REAL QUESTION OF THE HOUR ?

3. Example: U.S.
History
When became
industrial, fewer
kids/family
Lowered infant
mortality
No need to rely on
children’s labor
More opportunities
for women
Happened without
birth control
Ford Motor assembly line
http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/pcatapano/lectures_us2/Model_T_Assembly_Line.jpg

4. 
Asia: 6.4 Billion
China:: 1.3 Billion
India: : 1.1 Billion
Africa: 885 Million
Americas: 875 Million
Europe:: 727 Million
Oceana: 32 Million
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/images/7220f03.gif

5. High Investment ↔ High Standard of Living
High Population Growth ↔ Low Standard of Living
Divergence of per capita Incomes: 1800–1950.
6-5

7.  Things are good and
getting better:
 Worldwide standard of
living
 Education
 Health
 Trade
 People are an asset.
 Population causes
shortages which raise
prices,
 stimulating entrepreneurs
to satisfy the shortages.
 We end up better off as a
result.
Julian Simon

8. Lets See………

9. Progress
Population stimulates
economy: progress.
We are all better off
Poor
Elite
Elite
Poor

10.  Adoption and spread of agriculture
have trapped humanity in a spiral of
 Population growth
 Ecological destruction
 Social tyranny.
 The problem stems from the
anti-ecological culture (religion)
of agricultural societies
 humans believe they are above
and not part of nature (global
ecosystem)
 and therefore can destroy it at
will.
Civilization is based on
Agriculture

11. Hunters &
Gatherers
Agriculture
Population
GrowthTechnology
Conquest
for land
Food
production
Culture
Expanding
population &
environmental
destruction

12. Elite
Poor
Agriculture,
Anti-Ecological
Religion
Social Tyranny
Wealth Resources
Over-
Population,
Ecological
Destruction
Root
Causes

13. Inequity
Poor
Over-
Population
Ecological
Destruction
Elite
Wealth
= Root Cause

14. http://shoesforhumanity.org/images/graph.gif

15.  50 male
 50 female
 61 Asians
 13 Africans
 12 Europeans
 9 Latin Americans
 5 USA and Canada
 1 South Pacific
 75 nonwhite
 25 white
 67 non-Christian
 33 Christian
 60 mistrust their own
governments
(Source: Family Care Foundation;
100 people.org)

16.  47 are urban dwellers
 15 live in urban slums
 33 attempt to live on 3%
of global income
 6 control 50% of the
entire world’s wealth
 Most are U.S. citizens
 1 has a college education
 1 owns a computer
 1 near birth
 1 near death

17.  Poverty is extreme and
widespread
 Society denies security
and opportunity to
people
 Infant mortality is high
 Most people can’t get
land, jobs, education,
health care, old age
security
 Few opportunities for
women outside of homeBangladesh mother

18. Labor force
Chance for a job in
city
Security
 major investment
 rational choice
218 million children work
http://mancelovici.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/nike_child_labor.jpg

19. Powerful
predictor of lower
fertility
Reflects
opportunity in
society
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Girls_in_school_Gujarat.jpg/800px-Girls_in_school_Gujarat.jpg
Girls in school, India

20.  Sri Lanka:
 lower price rice
○ led to population decline
 Cuba:
 low prices for food and health
care
○ reduced population rate from 4.7 to 1.6
 Kerala, India:
lower price rice, kerosene
○ 1/3 birth rate of average in India
○ Literacy for women is 2.5 times average
in India
Kerala, India
http://www.kerala-tourism-india.com/gifs/woman-harvesting-rice-fields-lower.jpg

21. Birth Control is responsible for only 15-
20% total fertility decline
 Thus population growth cannot be
brought down simply by family planning
or contraception
 but it can speed the decline
Contraceptive use in Developing World
has increased
 9% in 1960
 60% in late 1990s
Demographic Transition requires
improved
 Health
 Social Security
 Education
IUD: Intra Uterine
Device
http://www.plymouth.edu/wsgr/iud.jpg

22. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/15.whostat2005map_totalfertilityrate.jpg
A Real hand to hand result

23.  1979 “one child” policy
enacted
 For urban areas
 Material benefits
 if have 1 child
 Social & official pressure
 If have more than 1 child
 71% Chinese are rural
 Multiple children are
common
 Fertility rate has declined
 But also declined in other
Asian countries without
coercion
 Human rights violation?http://www.timeopinionleaders.com/blog/images/uploads/knCHINA_BABIES_wide
web__470x316,0.jpg

25.  Sex ratio at birth (2000)
 117:100 male:female
○ Maternal Hepatitis B may account
for much of the skewing
 Boys preferred
 Men care for parents in old age
 Women join husband’s family
○ Care for husband’s parents
 Selective abortion of girls
 Use ultrasound to determine sex
 If first child is a girl, want second
to be a boy
 Illegal but suspected
 Female infanticide suspected
 before ultrasound

26. Lets See………

27. A day in
Hospital
Polio may soon be
eradicated from India and
the globe

28.  India is the second most populous country in
the world
 The death rate has declined but birth rates continue to be high in
most of the states.
 Health care structure in the country is over-burdened by increasing
population
 Family planning programs need to be (re)activated

29. India faces the twin epidemic of
continuing/emerging infectious diseases
as well as chronic degenerative
diseases.
The former is related to poor
implementation of the public health
programs, and the latter to demographic

30. •Economic deprivation in a large segment of
population results in poor access to health care.
•Poor educational status leads to non-utilization
of scanty health services and increase
in avoidable risk factors.
•Both are closely related to life expectancy
and IMR.
•Advances in medicine are responsible for no more
than half of the observed improvement in health
indices.

31.  Longevity, literacy and GDP per capita are
the main indicators of human development
 Longevity is a measure of state of health, and
is linked to income and education
 Weakness in health sector has an adverse
effect on longevity
 India ranks low (115th
) amongst world nations
judged by HDI

32.  India faces high burden of disease because of lack
of environmental sanitation and safe drinking
water, under-nutrition, poor living conditions,
and limited access to preventive and curative
health services
 Lack of education, gender inequality and
explosive growth of population contribute to
increasing burden of disease
 Full impact of the HIV epidemic and tobacco
related diseases is yet to be felt

33. A dark cloud, however, threatens to blot out the sun
from this landscape. Almost everywhere, the poor
suffer poor health and the very poor suffer
appallingly.
In addition the gap in health between rich and poor
remains very wide. Addressing this problem, both
between countries and within countries, constitutes
one of the greatest challenges of the new century.
Failure to do so properly will have dire consequences
for the global economy, for social order and justice,
and for the civilization as a whole.
Inequity in Health Care

34. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Deaths in
millions
0-4 5--14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 >70
Age group in years Developed
Developing

35. 27%
5%2%
25%
33%
6%
2%
ARI ARI/Measles
Measles Diarrhoea
Other Malaria
ARI/Malaria
~10% disease
burden could be
avoided by access
to safe water
~20% disease
burden could be
avoided by
eliminating
malnutrition

36. 2020
1990

37. 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
EME FSE CHN LAC OAI MEC IND SSA
GROUP 3
GROUP 2
GROUP 1
Murray and Lopez, 1994

38. 0
5
10
15
20
25
EME FSE CHN LAC OAI MEC IND SSA
GROUP 3
GROUP 2
GROUP 1
Murray and Lopez, 1994

39.  Increasing cost of curative medical services
 High tech curative services not free even in government
hospitals
 Limited health benefits to employees
 Health insurance expensive
 Curative health services not accessible to rural
populations

40.  Private practitioners and hospitals major providers
of health care in India
 Practitioners of alternate systems of medicine
also play a major role
 Concerns regarding ethics, medical negligence,
commercialization of medicine, and incompetence
 Increasing cost of medical care and threat to healthy
doctor patient relationship

41.  Prevention, and early diagnosis and treatment, if
feasible, are the most cost-effective strategies for most
diseases
 Promoting healthy life style from early life is a ‘no cost’
intervention which needs to be incorporated in school
curricula. There is need for increasing public
awareness of the benefits of healthy life style

42.  Whooping cough
 Tetanus
 Diphtheria
 Polio
 Measles, rubella
 Cholera
 Tuberculosis ?
 S typhi
 N meningitidis C
 Smallpox
 Anthrax
 Strep pneumoniae
 H influenzae
 Hepatitis A and B
 Jap encephalitis
 Mumps
 Rabies
 Yellow fever
 Varicella-zoster
 Influenza A

43.  Existing infrastructure for health care needs to be
strengthened. Health should be perceived as an
investment and receive greater budgetary allocation
 Education, safe water and sanitation need priority
 Vaccination coverage to be improved
 Better implementation of national health programs
 Judicious use of the scant resources by promoting
most cost-effective strategies for disease prevention
 Inclusion of all level of stakeholders in planning and
policy making using tremendous human resource
available in the country

44. Lets See………

45. KEY CONCEPT
As the human population grows, the
demand for Earth’s resources
increases.
 Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they
form.
coal
oil

46. Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.
– amount and efficiency of resource use
– amount and toxicity of waste produced

47.  Pollution is any undesirable
factor added to the air, water, or
soil.
 Smog is one type of air pollution.
sunlight interacts with pollutants
in the air
pollutants produced by fossil fuel
emissions
made of particulates and ground-
level ozone

48.  Smog can be harmful to human health.
• Acid rain is caused by fossil fuel emissions.
– produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to
drop
– can lower the pH of a lake or stream
– can harm trees

49.  The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and fall over
time.
 High levels of carbon dioxide are typical of Earth’s warmer
periods.

50. The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy
from Earth’s atmosphere.
– sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
– energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat
– greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths
– Greenhouse
gas molecules
rerelease
infrared
radiation
methane (CH4) water (H2O)
carbon dioxide
(CO2)

51. Global warming refers to the trend of increasing
global temperatures.
North Pole

52.  Pollution can put entire freshwater
ecosystems at risk.
 Indicator species provide a
sign of an ecosystem’s health.
– amphibians
– top predators

53.  Earth’s resources must be used responsibly.
 Careless use of resources makes them unavailable to future
generations.
 Easter Island is
an example of
irresponsible
resource use.

54. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in
1970.
The EPA develops policies and regulations to protect the
environment.
Legislation helps to protect the environment and
endangered species.
 Clean Air Act
 Clean Water Act
 Endangered Species Act

55. There are several ways that people can help protect
the environment.
– control population growth
– develop sustainable technology and practices
– protect and maintain ecosystems
Its not time
to think…Its
time to
act…..

56. Thank You…..