In today’s world industries demand process automation in all sectors, because automation results in better quality, increased production and reduced costs. The variable speed drives which can control the speed of AC/DC motors are indispensable controlling elements in automation systems. Depending on the application some of them are fixed speed and some of them are variable speed drives. The objective of the work is to monitor and control the speed of an Induction motor under various operating conditions such as no load and on load driven by AC Drive using programmable logic controller.
IRJET-Investigation of Three Phase Induction Speed Control Strategies using N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control strategies for a three-phase induction motor using different controllers. It first introduces induction motors and their challenges in speed control due to their complex nonlinear dynamics. It then discusses various speed control techniques including proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The document presents MATLAB simulations of speed control using these different controllers under full load conditions. The results show that PID control provides more efficient speed control with minimal steady state error and faster response compared to no controller or only P control. Vector control techniques are used to implement the speed controllers in the simulation.
Optimization of controlling of performance characteristics of induction moIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a fuzzy logic based online efficiency optimization control for an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive system. The control aims to minimize input power by decrementing rotor flux until the lowest power point is reached. This is done without requiring knowledge of motor parameters and is insensitive to parameter changes. Fast convergence is achieved using an adaptive excitation current step size, and low frequency torque pulsations are suppressed via feedforward compensation. The control scheme is described and mathematical models of the induction motor, electrical systems, and mechanical systems are provided.
Simulation of igbt based speed control system for induction motor using fuIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that presents the modeling and simulation of a fuzzy logic-based speed control system for an induction motor using an IGBT PWM inverter. The system was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. A fuzzy logic controller was developed using membership functions and 49 rules to control the motor speed based on the speed error and change in error. Simulation results showed that the fuzzy logic controller enabled the motor to reach the desired speed faster compared to other control methods, with less settling time. Plots of the main winding current, electromagnetic torque, and speed demonstrated the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in controlling the induction motor.
This document presents a project report on simulating automatic speed control of a DC drive. It was submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Technology degree. The report includes an introduction to the project, descriptions of the key components used including the DC motor, H-bridge, PWM, and sensors. It also provides the specifications of the components in the Simulink model, discusses the applications of the drive on different loads, and presents the simulation results. The conclusions discuss the advantages of the automatic speed control drive and potential future applications.
It is known that controlling the speed of a three phase Induction Motor (IM) under different operating conditions is an important task and this can be accomplished through the process of controlling the applied voltage on its stator circuit. Conventional Proportional- Integral- Differeantional (PID) controller takes long time in selecting the error signal gain values. In this paper a hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to reduce the selected time for the optimized error signal gain values and as a result inhances the controller and system performance. The proposed controller FL with GA is designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB/ software under different load torque motor operating condition. The simulation result shows that the closed loop system performance efficiency under the controller has a maximum value of 95.92%. In terms of efficiency and at reference speed signal of 146.53 rad/sec, this system performance shows an inhancement of 0.67%,0.49% and 0.05% with respect to the closed loop system efficiency performance of the PID, FL, and PID with GA controllers respectively. Also the simulation result of the well designed and efficient GA in speeding up the process of selecting the gain values, makes the system to have an efficiency improvement of 14.42% with respect to the open loop system performance.
Design of drive for speed control of induction pptAvinash Varanasi
This document presents a project to control the speed of an induction motor using a variable frequency/variable voltage (V/F) method. The project team includes 6 members and is guided by Arun Kumar. The system uses a microcontroller to provide easy control over and adjustable speed capability for the induction motor. It consists of electronic components, a microcontroller, and an LCD display. The motor speed can be selected and adjusted to user-defined speeds under various load conditions, with the V/F ratio maintained constant to keep the air gap flux stable. Experimental results showing motor speed at different voltages, frequencies and loads are presented in a table.
Development of Enhanced Frequency Drive for 3-Phase Induction Motors Submitte...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Three-phase induction motors produce mechanical power by electromagnetic induction and run on a 3-phase ac supply. They require efficient speed control, to enable them do variable speed operations, save power consumption and reduce machine noise. In this dissertation, a new switching device called MosControlled Thyristor (MCT) for frequency drive is introduced. Based on the new switching device and AT89C52 microcontroller, an enhanced frequency drive for controlling the speed and torque of 3-phase 15kW squirrel cage induction motor is modeled. Different voltages ranging from 342V to 415V and frequencies ranging from 50Hz to 60Hz are used in a systematic manner to simulate the system based on the new switching device. The simulation program is written in C language and tested with Proteus 7.6 simulation software. Voltage and frequency have significant impact on the actual speed and torque of the motor. Simulation results show that with the new model, the torque (56.66Nm) developed by the motor which is constant throughout each speed range is directly proportional to the ratio (6.7:1) of the applied voltage and the frequency of the supply and the selected speeds (1450, 1510, 1570, 1630, 1690 and 1750 rpm) are locked irrespective of change in load. This is unlike other models where magnetic saturation and conduction drop of IGBT lead to voltage/frequency imbalance resulting in excessive drawing of current by the motor and overheating. This new control method has a speed regulation of ±2 to 3% of maximum frequency, speed response of 3Hz, speed control range of 1: 40 and efficiency of 88%, as further advantages. Comparison of the system with other speed control techniques shows improved energy-saving, cost effectiveness and safety in operation. The contributions of this research aim to make Volts per Hertz speed control method based on MCT a reliable better alternative to other well known methods in speed control of three-phase induction motors
SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF MASTER –SLAVE D.C. MOTORS USING MICROCONTROLLER, FOR...Editor IJMTER
In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and motor speed synchronization is vital in conveyor belt driven by multiple motors. Abrupt load variations may cause hunting or oscillatory behavior in d. c. machines. This behavior can be detrimental to the process. The digitally controlled d. c. machines can have much aggravated phenomenon owing to poor sampling period selection. Traditionally processes are synchronized through mechanical transmission system consisting of a line shaft gears, pullers etc. Among the available software mechanisms master-slave synchronization is a widely used technique. Multi-motor applications have become very attractive field in industrial applications replacing in traditional mechanical coupling. Many textile applications involved synchronized speed motors. For example wrapping of clothes should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and Similarly in some cases the speed of long conveyor belt driven by multiple motors is need to be constant. In such types of applications master slave technique is used as a software mechanism to synchronize the speed of different motors to avoid damage.
IRJET-Investigation of Three Phase Induction Speed Control Strategies using N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control strategies for a three-phase induction motor using different controllers. It first introduces induction motors and their challenges in speed control due to their complex nonlinear dynamics. It then discusses various speed control techniques including proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. The document presents MATLAB simulations of speed control using these different controllers under full load conditions. The results show that PID control provides more efficient speed control with minimal steady state error and faster response compared to no controller or only P control. Vector control techniques are used to implement the speed controllers in the simulation.
Optimization of controlling of performance characteristics of induction moIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a fuzzy logic based online efficiency optimization control for an indirect vector controlled induction motor drive system. The control aims to minimize input power by decrementing rotor flux until the lowest power point is reached. This is done without requiring knowledge of motor parameters and is insensitive to parameter changes. Fast convergence is achieved using an adaptive excitation current step size, and low frequency torque pulsations are suppressed via feedforward compensation. The control scheme is described and mathematical models of the induction motor, electrical systems, and mechanical systems are provided.
Simulation of igbt based speed control system for induction motor using fuIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that presents the modeling and simulation of a fuzzy logic-based speed control system for an induction motor using an IGBT PWM inverter. The system was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. A fuzzy logic controller was developed using membership functions and 49 rules to control the motor speed based on the speed error and change in error. Simulation results showed that the fuzzy logic controller enabled the motor to reach the desired speed faster compared to other control methods, with less settling time. Plots of the main winding current, electromagnetic torque, and speed demonstrated the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in controlling the induction motor.
This document presents a project report on simulating automatic speed control of a DC drive. It was submitted by four students to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Technology degree. The report includes an introduction to the project, descriptions of the key components used including the DC motor, H-bridge, PWM, and sensors. It also provides the specifications of the components in the Simulink model, discusses the applications of the drive on different loads, and presents the simulation results. The conclusions discuss the advantages of the automatic speed control drive and potential future applications.
It is known that controlling the speed of a three phase Induction Motor (IM) under different operating conditions is an important task and this can be accomplished through the process of controlling the applied voltage on its stator circuit. Conventional Proportional- Integral- Differeantional (PID) controller takes long time in selecting the error signal gain values. In this paper a hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to reduce the selected time for the optimized error signal gain values and as a result inhances the controller and system performance. The proposed controller FL with GA is designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB/ software under different load torque motor operating condition. The simulation result shows that the closed loop system performance efficiency under the controller has a maximum value of 95.92%. In terms of efficiency and at reference speed signal of 146.53 rad/sec, this system performance shows an inhancement of 0.67%,0.49% and 0.05% with respect to the closed loop system efficiency performance of the PID, FL, and PID with GA controllers respectively. Also the simulation result of the well designed and efficient GA in speeding up the process of selecting the gain values, makes the system to have an efficiency improvement of 14.42% with respect to the open loop system performance.
Design of drive for speed control of induction pptAvinash Varanasi
This document presents a project to control the speed of an induction motor using a variable frequency/variable voltage (V/F) method. The project team includes 6 members and is guided by Arun Kumar. The system uses a microcontroller to provide easy control over and adjustable speed capability for the induction motor. It consists of electronic components, a microcontroller, and an LCD display. The motor speed can be selected and adjusted to user-defined speeds under various load conditions, with the V/F ratio maintained constant to keep the air gap flux stable. Experimental results showing motor speed at different voltages, frequencies and loads are presented in a table.
Development of Enhanced Frequency Drive for 3-Phase Induction Motors Submitte...IJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Three-phase induction motors produce mechanical power by electromagnetic induction and run on a 3-phase ac supply. They require efficient speed control, to enable them do variable speed operations, save power consumption and reduce machine noise. In this dissertation, a new switching device called MosControlled Thyristor (MCT) for frequency drive is introduced. Based on the new switching device and AT89C52 microcontroller, an enhanced frequency drive for controlling the speed and torque of 3-phase 15kW squirrel cage induction motor is modeled. Different voltages ranging from 342V to 415V and frequencies ranging from 50Hz to 60Hz are used in a systematic manner to simulate the system based on the new switching device. The simulation program is written in C language and tested with Proteus 7.6 simulation software. Voltage and frequency have significant impact on the actual speed and torque of the motor. Simulation results show that with the new model, the torque (56.66Nm) developed by the motor which is constant throughout each speed range is directly proportional to the ratio (6.7:1) of the applied voltage and the frequency of the supply and the selected speeds (1450, 1510, 1570, 1630, 1690 and 1750 rpm) are locked irrespective of change in load. This is unlike other models where magnetic saturation and conduction drop of IGBT lead to voltage/frequency imbalance resulting in excessive drawing of current by the motor and overheating. This new control method has a speed regulation of ±2 to 3% of maximum frequency, speed response of 3Hz, speed control range of 1: 40 and efficiency of 88%, as further advantages. Comparison of the system with other speed control techniques shows improved energy-saving, cost effectiveness and safety in operation. The contributions of this research aim to make Volts per Hertz speed control method based on MCT a reliable better alternative to other well known methods in speed control of three-phase induction motors
SPEED SYNCHRONIZATION OF MASTER –SLAVE D.C. MOTORS USING MICROCONTROLLER, FOR...Editor IJMTER
In textile industry many processes require speed synchronization of more than one motors involved in the process. Rolling of cloth should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and motor speed synchronization is vital in conveyor belt driven by multiple motors. Abrupt load variations may cause hunting or oscillatory behavior in d. c. machines. This behavior can be detrimental to the process. The digitally controlled d. c. machines can have much aggravated phenomenon owing to poor sampling period selection. Traditionally processes are synchronized through mechanical transmission system consisting of a line shaft gears, pullers etc. Among the available software mechanisms master-slave synchronization is a widely used technique. Multi-motor applications have become very attractive field in industrial applications replacing in traditional mechanical coupling. Many textile applications involved synchronized speed motors. For example wrapping of clothes should be synchronized with the speed of weaving spindle to avoid damage and Similarly in some cases the speed of long conveyor belt driven by multiple motors is need to be constant. In such types of applications master slave technique is used as a software mechanism to synchronize the speed of different motors to avoid damage.
Matlab simulation on chopper based speed control of dc motor: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on MATLAB simulation of chopper-based speed control of a DC motor. It describes how the speed of a DC motor below rated speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage using a chopper converter in a closed-loop control system with a PI controller. The review covers DC chopper circuits, separately excited DC motors, modeling a DC motor drive system in MATLAB Simulink with a PI speed controller, and conclusions on simulating speed control of a DC motor using a chopper.
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
Stepper Motor Drive For Position Control in Robotic Applicationsijiert bestjournal
This project is about making an embedded system in order to control different functionalities of a stepper motor. The main functi ons of this stepper motor are to control the speed and direction. This system will actually adapt the requirements o f the modern technology. With the help of this system one can control the speed of th e stepper motor controller for pick and place robot which is used in material hand ling in various industries.
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
IRJET- Vector Control of Three Phase Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses vector control of a three-phase induction motor. Vector control, also called field-oriented control, allows independent control of torque and flux in induction motors, similar to DC motors. The document describes:
1) How vector control works by transforming stator currents into orthogonal d-q components representing flux and torque.
2) The principle of field-oriented control which locks the d-q reference frame to the rotor flux vector for decoupled control of flux and torque.
3) The simulation model built in MATLAB/Simulink to test vector control, including blocks for Clarke/Park transformations, current control, and a PI speed controller.
This document presents a study comparing three methods - PID, LQR, and feedforward control - for controlling the speed of a DC motor in a washing machine with random loads. The motor's actual parameters were measured and implemented in MATLAB simulations. Results show the LQR control method provided the best performance, with the smallest transient period and smallest change in output in response to disturbances, allowing for more consistent motor speed despite changing loads compared to PID and feedforward control.
A Flexible Closed Loop PMDC Motor Speed Control System for Precise PositioningWaqas Tariq
The speed control of DC motor is very significant especially in applications where precision is of great importance. Due to its ease of controllability the DC motor is used in many industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics. So the precise speed control of a DC motor is very crucial in industry. In this case microcontrollers play a vital role for the flexible control of DC motors. This current research work investigates the implementation of an ATmega8L microcontroller for the speed control of DC motor fed by a DC chopper. The chopper is driven by a high frequency PWM signal. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor terminal voltage, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed. H-bridge circuit is implemented for the bi-directional control of the motor. A prototype of permanent magnet DC motor speed control system using the microcontroller is developed and tested.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Induction Motor using different Controller for...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses speed control of induction motors using various controllers, including PI, PID, fuzzy logic, and combinations of controllers.
2) It provides background on induction motor modeling and describes the basic operation and advantages of PI, PID, and fuzzy logic controllers.
3) The performance of each controller for speed control of an induction motor is evaluated through simulations, which show that combined and fuzzy logic controllers can achieve better performance than PI or PID alone by reducing overshoot and steady state error.
IRJET- Speed Control of Induction Motor using Hybrid PID Fuzzy ControllerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on speed control of induction motors using a hybrid PID fuzzy controller. It begins with an introduction to induction motors and their increasing use in industrial applications. It then discusses various speed control techniques for induction motors, including scalar (v/f) control, vector control, and direct torque control. The document also reviews related work by other authors on topics like PID control, adaptive control, compensating for voltage fluctuations, optimal preview control, and sensorless speed control of induction motors.
Direct torque control of induction motor using space vector modulationIAEME Publication
This document discusses direct torque control of an induction motor using space vector modulation. It begins with introducing direct torque control as an alternative to field oriented control for controlling torque and flux directly and independently. It then provides details on the principles of vector control and direct torque control in stator reference frames. The document describes the modeling of an induction motor and simulations performed in MATLAB to validate the direct torque control approach. The simulations demonstrate control of speed, torque, and flux under different gain settings of the PI controller.
Study and implementation of dc drive using pic16 f877a microcontrollereSAT Publishing House
1) The document describes the study and implementation of a DC drive system using a PIC16F877A microcontroller.
2) An H-bridge configuration is used to control the speed and direction of a DC motor through pulse width modulation (PWM) signals generated by the microcontroller.
3) Simulation results show the motor's speed curve increases step-wise with duty cycle, demonstrating closed-loop control of the DC motor's speed.
A REVIEW :MODELLING OF BRUSHED DC MOTOR AND VARIOUS TYPE OF CONTROL METHODSJournal For Research
This Review Paper introducing the modeling of Brushed DC motor and different PID control techniques. A brushed DC motor is commutated an internally which is electric motor designed to be run by a direct current power supply. A Brushed motors were the first commercially important application for convert electric power to driving mechanical loads, and DC power distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial Applications. A conventional brushed DC Motor consist basically two parts,first one is the stationary body of the motor called the Stator and the other one is inner part which rotates producing the movement called the Rotor or“ Armature†for DC motors. For the motion control of DC motor in almost applications, PID controller is used. The PID controllers have a long history in control engineering and they have been proven to be robust, simple and stable for many real world applications. Roughly, P action is related to the present error, I action is based on the past history of error, and D action is related to the future behavior of the error. From estimation point of view P, D, and I correspond to filtering, smoothing and prediction problems respectively.This control mode is combination of the Proportional, the Integral, and the Derivative mode. This is most powerful but complex controller mode. It provides accurate and stable control of the three controller mode. It is recommended in system where the load changes frequently. The Three-term , PID controllers are probably the most widely used industrial controller. An Even complex industrial control systems may comprises a control network whose main control building block is a PID control module. The three-term PID controller has had a long history of use and has survived the changes of technology from the analogue era in to the digital computer control system age quite satisfactorily. It was the first controller to be mass produced for the high- range volume market that existed in the process industries.
1. direct torque control of induction motor with fuzzy controller a reviewMajdi Dadeq
This document reviews direct torque control of induction motors with fuzzy controllers. It begins by providing background on induction motors and their widespread use in industry. It then discusses direct torque control, which aims to directly control the stator flux and torque of induction motors through optimal selection of inverter switching vectors. The rest of the document discusses modeling induction motor drives using direct torque control with fuzzy logic applications and compares various techniques that have been proposed.
IRJET- Control Strategy of Induction Motor Drive by using Universal Controlle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses controlling the speed of an induction motor using a universal controller and pulse width modulation inverter. It describes using an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to generate PWM signals that control MOSFETs in an inverter. The inverter converts DC power to a variable frequency AC output to drive the induction motor at variable speeds. Simulation results in MATLAB showed the system could successfully control motor speed from zero to nominal speed by varying the inverter output frequency. The system was also implemented in hardware with an Arduino, MOSFET inverter and induction motor, demonstrating effective speed control under varying load conditions.
Analysis and investigation of different advanced control strategies for high-...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Induction motor (IM) drives have received a strong interest from researchers and industry particularly for high-performance AC drives through vector control method. With the advancement in power electronics and digital signal processing(DSP), high capability processors allow the implementation of advanced control techniques for motor drives such as model predictive control (MPC). In this paper, design, analysis and investigation of two different MPC techniques applied to IM drives; themodel predictive torque control (MPTC) and model predictive current control (MPCC) are presented. The two techniques are designed in Matlab/Simulink environment and compared interm of operation in different operating conditions. Moreover, a comparisonof these techniques with field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) is conducted based on simulation studies with PI speed controller for all control techniques. Based on the analysis, the MPC techniques demonstrates a better result compared with the FOC and DTC in terms of speed, torque and current responses in transient and steady-state conditions.
This document provides an introduction to actuators and motors in mechatronics. It defines an actuator as a device that converts energy into motion to move or control a mechanism. Actuators can be hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, or mechanical. Electric motors are also discussed, including DC motors which can be brushed or brushless, and different types of DC motors like shunt wound, series wound, and compound wound. Linear actuators are also covered, explaining how to calculate the required force and select an appropriate actuator.
IRJET-Comparison between Scalar & Vector Control Technique for Induction Moto...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comparison of scalar and vector control techniques for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors. It presents the modeling and simulation of scalar and vector control methods for an induction motor drive using a two-level inverter in MATLAB/Simulink. The scalar control technique is simpler to implement but provides lower performance compared to the vector control technique. Simulation results show that vector control reduces torque ripple and lower order harmonics compared to scalar control, providing better speed regulation and power quality. Vector control also offers faster dynamic response making it suitable for applications with frequent load changes.
PLC Applications for speed control of induction motor through VFDIRJET Journal
1) The document describes an experiment to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor using a variable frequency drive (VFD) controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC).
2) A PLC was used to automate and control the inputs to a VFD. By changing the VFD's input frequency, the speed of a connected three-phase induction motor could be varied accordingly.
3) The experiment demonstrated speed control of the induction motor by varying the supply frequency from 15Hz to 45Hz using the VFD controlled by the PLC, resulting in motor speeds ranging from 900 RPM to 2500 RPM.
A PROJECT REPORT SIM & SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTIO DRIVEPawan Kumar
The document discusses speed control methods for three-phase induction motors. It analyzes the transients during starting of an induction motor with different machine parameters. It then examines various speed control methods including variable rotor resistance, variable stator voltage, and constant V/f control. Simulation results are presented to show the torque-speed characteristics for each method. Vector control is also introduced, which allows independent control of torque and flux.
The document discusses various types of robot drive systems and end effectors. It describes hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric drive systems. Hydraulic drives use pressurized fluid and are suitable for heavy loads. Pneumatic drives use compressed air and are cheaper but generate more noise. Electric drives include AC servo motors, DC servo motors, and stepper motors. Stepper motors convert electrical pulses to rotational movement precisely. Servo motors are used in automatic control systems. The document also discusses actuators, motors, and end effectors like grippers used by robots.
Am Ende des Bachelor-Studiengang wird von den Absolventen erwartet, die Theorie mit der Praxis zu verbinden und ein fundiertes Wissen über ihre Management-Branche aufzuweisen.
This document provides information about a 3Com 1670-310-000 TP4 Combo Hub, including how to purchase it from Launch 3 Telecom. Launch 3 Telecom sells telecom hardware and genuine 3Com replacement parts. They accept various payment methods for purchase of the 3Com 1670-310-000 and offer same day shipping with tracking once an order is placed. A warranty and return policy is included with all purchases from Launch 3 Telecom.
Matlab simulation on chopper based speed control of dc motor: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on MATLAB simulation of chopper-based speed control of a DC motor. It describes how the speed of a DC motor below rated speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage using a chopper converter in a closed-loop control system with a PI controller. The review covers DC chopper circuits, separately excited DC motors, modeling a DC motor drive system in MATLAB Simulink with a PI speed controller, and conclusions on simulating speed control of a DC motor using a chopper.
SPEED AND TORQUE CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH ANN BASED DTCijics
Due to advantages such as fast dynamic response, simple and robust control structure, direct torque
control (DTC) is commonly used method in high performance control method for induction motors. Despite
mentioned advantages, there are some chronically disadvantages with this method like high torque and
current ripples, variable switching behaviour and control problems at low speed rates. On the other hand,
artificial neural network (ANN) based control algorithms are getting increasingly popular in recent years
due to their positive contribution to the system performance. The purpose of this paper is investigating of
the effects of ANN integrated DTC method on induction motor performance by numerical simulations. For
this purpose, two different ANN models have been designed, trained and implemented for the same DTC
model. The first ANN model was designed to select optimum inverter and the second model was designed to
use in the determination of the flux vector position. Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed ANN based
DTC method was created in order to compare with the conventional DTC and the proposed DTC methods.
The simulation studies proved that the induction motor torque ripples have been reduced remarkably with
the proposed method and this approach can be a good alternative to the conventional DTC method for
induction motor control.
Stepper Motor Drive For Position Control in Robotic Applicationsijiert bestjournal
This project is about making an embedded system in order to control different functionalities of a stepper motor. The main functi ons of this stepper motor are to control the speed and direction. This system will actually adapt the requirements o f the modern technology. With the help of this system one can control the speed of th e stepper motor controller for pick and place robot which is used in material hand ling in various industries.
Matrix Converter based Direct Torque Control of Induction MotorNeehar NLN
This topic falls under the area of speed control of induction motor. The using of advanced power electronic converters provides better response. In this case, a AC/AC converter is used to control the induction motor.
IRJET- Vector Control of Three Phase Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses vector control of a three-phase induction motor. Vector control, also called field-oriented control, allows independent control of torque and flux in induction motors, similar to DC motors. The document describes:
1) How vector control works by transforming stator currents into orthogonal d-q components representing flux and torque.
2) The principle of field-oriented control which locks the d-q reference frame to the rotor flux vector for decoupled control of flux and torque.
3) The simulation model built in MATLAB/Simulink to test vector control, including blocks for Clarke/Park transformations, current control, and a PI speed controller.
This document presents a study comparing three methods - PID, LQR, and feedforward control - for controlling the speed of a DC motor in a washing machine with random loads. The motor's actual parameters were measured and implemented in MATLAB simulations. Results show the LQR control method provided the best performance, with the smallest transient period and smallest change in output in response to disturbances, allowing for more consistent motor speed despite changing loads compared to PID and feedforward control.
A Flexible Closed Loop PMDC Motor Speed Control System for Precise PositioningWaqas Tariq
The speed control of DC motor is very significant especially in applications where precision is of great importance. Due to its ease of controllability the DC motor is used in many industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics. So the precise speed control of a DC motor is very crucial in industry. In this case microcontrollers play a vital role for the flexible control of DC motors. This current research work investigates the implementation of an ATmega8L microcontroller for the speed control of DC motor fed by a DC chopper. The chopper is driven by a high frequency PWM signal. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor terminal voltage, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed. H-bridge circuit is implemented for the bi-directional control of the motor. A prototype of permanent magnet DC motor speed control system using the microcontroller is developed and tested.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Induction Motor using different Controller for...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses speed control of induction motors using various controllers, including PI, PID, fuzzy logic, and combinations of controllers.
2) It provides background on induction motor modeling and describes the basic operation and advantages of PI, PID, and fuzzy logic controllers.
3) The performance of each controller for speed control of an induction motor is evaluated through simulations, which show that combined and fuzzy logic controllers can achieve better performance than PI or PID alone by reducing overshoot and steady state error.
IRJET- Speed Control of Induction Motor using Hybrid PID Fuzzy ControllerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on speed control of induction motors using a hybrid PID fuzzy controller. It begins with an introduction to induction motors and their increasing use in industrial applications. It then discusses various speed control techniques for induction motors, including scalar (v/f) control, vector control, and direct torque control. The document also reviews related work by other authors on topics like PID control, adaptive control, compensating for voltage fluctuations, optimal preview control, and sensorless speed control of induction motors.
Direct torque control of induction motor using space vector modulationIAEME Publication
This document discusses direct torque control of an induction motor using space vector modulation. It begins with introducing direct torque control as an alternative to field oriented control for controlling torque and flux directly and independently. It then provides details on the principles of vector control and direct torque control in stator reference frames. The document describes the modeling of an induction motor and simulations performed in MATLAB to validate the direct torque control approach. The simulations demonstrate control of speed, torque, and flux under different gain settings of the PI controller.
Study and implementation of dc drive using pic16 f877a microcontrollereSAT Publishing House
1) The document describes the study and implementation of a DC drive system using a PIC16F877A microcontroller.
2) An H-bridge configuration is used to control the speed and direction of a DC motor through pulse width modulation (PWM) signals generated by the microcontroller.
3) Simulation results show the motor's speed curve increases step-wise with duty cycle, demonstrating closed-loop control of the DC motor's speed.
A REVIEW :MODELLING OF BRUSHED DC MOTOR AND VARIOUS TYPE OF CONTROL METHODSJournal For Research
This Review Paper introducing the modeling of Brushed DC motor and different PID control techniques. A brushed DC motor is commutated an internally which is electric motor designed to be run by a direct current power supply. A Brushed motors were the first commercially important application for convert electric power to driving mechanical loads, and DC power distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial Applications. A conventional brushed DC Motor consist basically two parts,first one is the stationary body of the motor called the Stator and the other one is inner part which rotates producing the movement called the Rotor or“ Armature†for DC motors. For the motion control of DC motor in almost applications, PID controller is used. The PID controllers have a long history in control engineering and they have been proven to be robust, simple and stable for many real world applications. Roughly, P action is related to the present error, I action is based on the past history of error, and D action is related to the future behavior of the error. From estimation point of view P, D, and I correspond to filtering, smoothing and prediction problems respectively.This control mode is combination of the Proportional, the Integral, and the Derivative mode. This is most powerful but complex controller mode. It provides accurate and stable control of the three controller mode. It is recommended in system where the load changes frequently. The Three-term , PID controllers are probably the most widely used industrial controller. An Even complex industrial control systems may comprises a control network whose main control building block is a PID control module. The three-term PID controller has had a long history of use and has survived the changes of technology from the analogue era in to the digital computer control system age quite satisfactorily. It was the first controller to be mass produced for the high- range volume market that existed in the process industries.
1. direct torque control of induction motor with fuzzy controller a reviewMajdi Dadeq
This document reviews direct torque control of induction motors with fuzzy controllers. It begins by providing background on induction motors and their widespread use in industry. It then discusses direct torque control, which aims to directly control the stator flux and torque of induction motors through optimal selection of inverter switching vectors. The rest of the document discusses modeling induction motor drives using direct torque control with fuzzy logic applications and compares various techniques that have been proposed.
IRJET- Control Strategy of Induction Motor Drive by using Universal Controlle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses controlling the speed of an induction motor using a universal controller and pulse width modulation inverter. It describes using an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller to generate PWM signals that control MOSFETs in an inverter. The inverter converts DC power to a variable frequency AC output to drive the induction motor at variable speeds. Simulation results in MATLAB showed the system could successfully control motor speed from zero to nominal speed by varying the inverter output frequency. The system was also implemented in hardware with an Arduino, MOSFET inverter and induction motor, demonstrating effective speed control under varying load conditions.
Analysis and investigation of different advanced control strategies for high-...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Induction motor (IM) drives have received a strong interest from researchers and industry particularly for high-performance AC drives through vector control method. With the advancement in power electronics and digital signal processing(DSP), high capability processors allow the implementation of advanced control techniques for motor drives such as model predictive control (MPC). In this paper, design, analysis and investigation of two different MPC techniques applied to IM drives; themodel predictive torque control (MPTC) and model predictive current control (MPCC) are presented. The two techniques are designed in Matlab/Simulink environment and compared interm of operation in different operating conditions. Moreover, a comparisonof these techniques with field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) is conducted based on simulation studies with PI speed controller for all control techniques. Based on the analysis, the MPC techniques demonstrates a better result compared with the FOC and DTC in terms of speed, torque and current responses in transient and steady-state conditions.
This document provides an introduction to actuators and motors in mechatronics. It defines an actuator as a device that converts energy into motion to move or control a mechanism. Actuators can be hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, or mechanical. Electric motors are also discussed, including DC motors which can be brushed or brushless, and different types of DC motors like shunt wound, series wound, and compound wound. Linear actuators are also covered, explaining how to calculate the required force and select an appropriate actuator.
IRJET-Comparison between Scalar & Vector Control Technique for Induction Moto...IRJET Journal
This document provides a comparison of scalar and vector control techniques for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors. It presents the modeling and simulation of scalar and vector control methods for an induction motor drive using a two-level inverter in MATLAB/Simulink. The scalar control technique is simpler to implement but provides lower performance compared to the vector control technique. Simulation results show that vector control reduces torque ripple and lower order harmonics compared to scalar control, providing better speed regulation and power quality. Vector control also offers faster dynamic response making it suitable for applications with frequent load changes.
PLC Applications for speed control of induction motor through VFDIRJET Journal
1) The document describes an experiment to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor using a variable frequency drive (VFD) controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC).
2) A PLC was used to automate and control the inputs to a VFD. By changing the VFD's input frequency, the speed of a connected three-phase induction motor could be varied accordingly.
3) The experiment demonstrated speed control of the induction motor by varying the supply frequency from 15Hz to 45Hz using the VFD controlled by the PLC, resulting in motor speeds ranging from 900 RPM to 2500 RPM.
A PROJECT REPORT SIM & SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTIO DRIVEPawan Kumar
The document discusses speed control methods for three-phase induction motors. It analyzes the transients during starting of an induction motor with different machine parameters. It then examines various speed control methods including variable rotor resistance, variable stator voltage, and constant V/f control. Simulation results are presented to show the torque-speed characteristics for each method. Vector control is also introduced, which allows independent control of torque and flux.
The document discusses various types of robot drive systems and end effectors. It describes hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric drive systems. Hydraulic drives use pressurized fluid and are suitable for heavy loads. Pneumatic drives use compressed air and are cheaper but generate more noise. Electric drives include AC servo motors, DC servo motors, and stepper motors. Stepper motors convert electrical pulses to rotational movement precisely. Servo motors are used in automatic control systems. The document also discusses actuators, motors, and end effectors like grippers used by robots.
Am Ende des Bachelor-Studiengang wird von den Absolventen erwartet, die Theorie mit der Praxis zu verbinden und ein fundiertes Wissen über ihre Management-Branche aufzuweisen.
This document provides information about a 3Com 1670-310-000 TP4 Combo Hub, including how to purchase it from Launch 3 Telecom. Launch 3 Telecom sells telecom hardware and genuine 3Com replacement parts. They accept various payment methods for purchase of the 3Com 1670-310-000 and offer same day shipping with tracking once an order is placed. A warranty and return policy is included with all purchases from Launch 3 Telecom.
Palemoeketsi is a Support Agent for Micros SA providing software support for clients in South Africa and parts of Africa. He has over 7 years of experience in IT support roles including desktop support, service desk operations, network administration, and virtualization system administration.
Este documento ofrece recomendaciones para reparar el cabello seco y dañado, incluyendo aplicar una mezcla de huevo y miel para hidratarlo, usar champús y acondicionadores que contengan proteínas y humectantes, y realizar cortes de cabello regularmente para promover el crecimiento saludable. También recomienda usar acondicionadores hidratantes semanalmente y tratamientos a base de proteínas, y evitar secadores y planchas calientes para prevenir más daño.
This business plan proposes starting an elite tennis academy to help develop top collegiate and professional tennis players. The academy would have a small student body of 10-20 players to allow for individualized training programs. In addition to world-class tennis facilities and coaching, the academy would provide academic education and a pathway to tennis scholarships at American universities. This would give players an alternative career option if injuries prevent them from continuing professionally. The academy aims to develop well-rounded students and help them achieve their goals both on and off the court.
Obat Herbal Sipilis Atau Raja Singa , Apakah itu penyakit sipilis atau biasa juga disebut dengan penyakit raja singa. Tentunya anda sudah sering mendengar mengenai penyakit kelamin yang bisa menular pada setiap pasangan seksualnya. Dan penyakit raja singa tersebut adalah salah satunya. Banyak orang yang takut terkena penyakit raja singa yang berbahaya tersebut. Padahal pencegahannya sederhana, tidak berhubungan seksual dengan setiap orang dan hanya berhubungan seksual dengan suami atau istri anda. Kini sudah ada obat ampuh raja singa yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit raja singa anda. Banyak orang yang sudah berobat kesana kemari namun belum mendapatkan kesembuhan yang tuntas dan total. Maka sebaiknya anda segera mengkonsumsi obat herbal yang khusus mengobati penyakit raja singa tersebut.
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El documento describe el Registro Calificado de Condiciones Mínimas para la Autorización de Programas en Colombia. Este registro verifica que las instituciones de educación superior cumplen con los estándares de calidad requeridos y que sus programas ofrecen garantías a los estudiantes, la sociedad y el país. El registro indica que los programas capacitan adecuadamente a los graduados de acuerdo con la ley y que cumplen con las condiciones mínimas establecidas. El objetivo es garantizar una educación superior de alta calidad que se adapte a las neces
Este documento presenta el plan de lecciones para la Unidad 4. La lección cubrirá la identificación de números e introducción a operaciones básicas como suma y resta. Los estudiantes cantarán canciones numéricas en clase y verán videos para aprender a contar hasta 10. Se les asignarán ejercicios en línea para completar en casa con ayuda de sus padres.
Sheperd Milan Moya has over 10 years of experience in restaurant and hotel management. He received his highest level of education as Grade 9 and has experience as a Restaurant Manager, Front of House Manager, and Restaurant Manager. His most recent role was as Restaurant Manager at The Bannister Hotel from 2015-2016 where he oversaw food and beverage operations including a 150-seater restaurant and conference facilities. He provides 3 professional references from previous employers.
Jerald L. Henderson has over 30 years of experience in higher education, including teaching, assessment, program development, and student retention. He received his Ph.D. in Curriculum, Instruction, & Evaluation from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1991. Currently, Henderson works as an independent consultant, providing workshops and consultations to various universities on topics such as assessment, strategic planning, and student retention. He also serves on the editorial board of IGI Global and as a peer mentor for the Higher Learning Commission's Persistence and Completion Academy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Ashwini Gade is seeking a challenging position in IT with over 5 years of experience as a Team Lead. He currently works at Wipro as a Team Lead for Reliance JIO, where he manages 50 network resources, handles operational activities, and coordinates between clients and management. Previously, he worked at Standard Chartered Bank as a Technical Coordinator and Team Lead, where he managed an IT support desk, provided remote support, and coordinated between users and support teams. He has an MBA in IT from Sikkim Manipal University and qualifications in hardware, networking, and ITIL.
This document presents a simulation-based V/F speed control method for a three-phase induction motor. It discusses various speed control methods for induction motors and explains why constant V/F control is commonly used. It describes modeling a PWM inverter in Simulink to generate PWM pulses that are fed to a three-phase induction motor model. Simulation results show that open-loop V/F control can maintain constant torque over various rotor speeds by varying the voltage proportionally to frequency. Microcontrollers are discussed as a way to implement complex closed-loop speed control techniques. The document evaluates the simulation of open-loop V/F control for rated, above rated, and below rated motor speeds.
IRJET- Speed Control of Three Phase Motor using Fuzzy Logic ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of a three phase induction motor using a fuzzy logic controller. It proposes implementing a fuzzy logic controller based speed control system in MATLAB Simulink. The controller aims to reduce errors between the rotor speed and reference speed as quickly as possible. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller improves the dynamic performance of the induction motor compared to a conventional PI controller. The motor is also able to better withstand load disturbances with less effect on stability. The fuzzy logic control scheme does not require a complex mathematical model of the motor.
Wireless Speed Control of an Induction Motor Using Pwm Technique with GsmIOSR Journals
This document describes a wireless speed control system for an induction motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) technique with global system for mobile communications (GSM). The system uses a microcontroller to control IGBT inverters and implement volt-hertz (V/F) control of a 1HP 3-phase induction motor. It can remotely control motor speed by sending SMS messages to the controller via GSM. Experimental results show that the V/F control method maintains a constant voltage-to-frequency ratio to provide stable speed control of the induction motor from 5% to 100% of its base speed range. The system provides a low-cost solution for remote wireless control of industrial motors and appliances.
Analysis of Induction Motor Speed Control Using SCADA Based Drive Operated Sy...IJSRD
This document analyzes induction motor speed control using a variable frequency drive (VFD) system operated by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. It describes how a VFD can be used to efficiently control the speed of a three-phase induction motor and provide energy savings compared to direct connection to the main supply. A PLC is used to control the VFD based on inputs from proximity sensors on a conveyor belt. A SCADA system allows for remote monitoring and control of the motor speed through the PLC and VFD from a computer interface. The system provides flexible and efficient control of induction motor speed for applications requiring variable speed operation like conveyor belts
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an adaptive PID speed controller for a brushless DC motor. The paper begins with an introduction to brushless DC motors and common speed control methods like PI, PID, fuzzy logic and PWM controllers. It then discusses developing an adaptive PID controller that combines a PID controller with an auto-tuning method. This allows the controller to adapt to changing system parameters. The paper describes modeling the BLDC motor and speed control systems in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results are presented and analyzed to verify the adaptive PID controller's performance. The adaptive PID controller is found to improve system adaptability compared to other control methods.
Speed Control of DC Motor under Varying Load Using PID ControllerCSCJournals
DC motors are used extensively in industrial variable speed applications because of most demanding speed-torque characteristics and are simple in controlling aspects. This paper presents a DC motor speed controlling technique under varying load condition. The linear system model of separately excited DC motor with Torque-variation is designed using PID controller. A Matlab simulation of proposed system with no-Load and full-load condition is performed on Simulink platform to observe the system response. The motor speed is kept constant in this experiment. The simulation result of the experiment shows that a motor is running approximately at a constant speed regardless of a motor load. The Simulink results show that the speed of the motor is slow down only for about 270 rpm (9%) in 980 milliseconds under the effect of full load. However, the motor speed is hunting about 200 rpm (6.66%) in 900 milliseconds on unloading condition. It is concluded that a PID controller is successful tool for controlling the motor speed in presence of load disturbances.
Brushless DC motor Drive during Speed regulation with Current ControllerIJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) is one of the best electrical drives that have increasing popularity, due to their
high efficiency, reliability, good dynamic response and very low maintenance. Due to the increasing demand for
compact & reliable motors and the evolution of low cost power semiconductor switches and permanent magnet
(PM) materials, brushless DC motors become popular in every application from home appliances to aerospace
industry. The conventional techniques for controlling the stator phase current in a brushless DC drive are
practically effective in low speed and cannot reduce the commutation torque ripple in high speed range. This
paper presents the PI controller for speed control of BLDC motor. The output of the PI controllers is summed
and is given as the input to the current controller. The BLDC motor is fed from the inverter where the rotor
position and current controller is the input. The complete model of the proposed drive system is developed and
simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The operation principle of using component is analysed and the
simulation results are presented in this to verify the theoretical analysis.
The document summarizes a study on improving the performance of a two-leg inverter fed brushless DC motor (BLDCM) drive. Key points:
1) A two-leg inverter fed BLDCM drive is proposed that uses only four switches and two current sensors, compared to a conventional three-leg inverter that uses six switches and three current sensors. This reduces switching losses and cost.
2) A MATLAB/Simulink model of the proposed two-leg inverter fed BLDCM drive with two DC input sources is developed.
3) Simulation results show the proposed drive has reduced torque ripple, lower voltage stress, lower current total harmonic distortion, and faster dynamic performance
Internet of Things is a concept where each device is assign to an IP address and through that IP address anyone makes that device identifiable on internet. Basically it started as the “Internet of Computers.” Research studies have forecast an explosive growth in the number of “things” or devices that will be connected to the Internet. The resulting network is called the “Internet of Things” (IoT) [1]. The recent developments in technology which permit the use of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have enabled different devices to have capabilities of connecting with each other. Using a WIFI shield to act as a Micro web server for the Arduino which eliminates the need for wired connections between the Arduino board and computer which reduces cost and enables it to work as a standalone device. The Wi-Fi shield needs connection to the internet from a wireless router or wireless hotspot and this would act as the gateway for the Arduino to communicate with the internet. With this in mind, an internet based home automation system for remote control of home appliances is designed.
This document presents a study on using an artificial neural network technique for flux position estimation and sector selection in direct torque control of an induction motor. Direct torque control aims to provide quick torque response without complex transformations but suffers from high torque ripples. The proposed method uses a neural network for flux position estimation and sector selection to determine the optimal voltage vector, with the goal of reducing torque and flux ripples. The neural network structure is simple to facilitate short training and processing times. Simulation results show the neural network based controller provides high performance speed control of the induction motor.
Simulation DC Motor Speed Control System by using PID Controllerijtsrd
Speed control system is the most common control algorithm used in industry and has been universally accepted in industrial control. One of the applications used here is to control the speed of the DC motor. Controlling the speed of a DC motor is very important as any small change can lead to instability of the closed loop system. The aim of this thesis is to show how DC motor can be controlled by using PID controller in MATLAB. The development of the PID controller with the mathematical model of DC motor is done using automatic tuning method. The PID parameter is to be test with an actual motor also with the PID controller in MATLAB Simulink. In this paper describe the results to demonstrate the effectiveness and the proposed of this PID controller produce significant improvement control performance and advantages of the control system DC motor. Mrs Khin Ei Ei Khine | Mrs Win Mote Mote Htwe | Mrs Yin Yin Mon ""Simulation DC Motor Speed Control System by using PID Controller"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25114.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25114/simulation-dc-motor-speed-control-system-by-using-pid-controller/mrs-khin-ei-ei-khine
Adaptive Variable Structure Controller Application to Induction Motor DriveIJERA Editor
Variable structure control is an adaptive control that gives robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. Variable control structure is a robust control scheme based on the concept of changing the structure of the controller in response to the changing state of the system in order to obtain a desired response. The control is nonlinear and can be applied to the linear or nonlinear plant. A high speed switching control action is used to switch between different structures of the controller and the trajectory of the system is forced to move along a chosen switching manifold in the state space. The controller detects the deviation of the actual trajectory from the reference trajectory and corresponding changes the switching strategy to restore the tracking. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By using Variable structure controller to control the step change in reference speed and drive system under load torque variations.
This document presents a student project on speed control of a DC motor. It includes sections on objectives, descriptions of DC motors and their components, different speed control methods, the components used in the project, circuit diagrams, a project video, results and discussion, and conclusions. The group implemented two speed control methods - armature voltage control and field current control. They found that combining these methods allowed for the most precise and smooth control over motor speed. The project demonstrated various techniques for regulating DC motor speed in industrial and automation applications.
Speed Control of Induction Motor by V/F MethodIJERA Editor
This document discusses various methods for speed control of induction motors using voltage/frequency (V/F) control. It begins with an introduction to induction motors and V/F control. Several previous studies on V/F control using different approaches are then reviewed, including methods using square wave inverters, vector control theory, stator flux control, fuzzy logic control, FPGA control, and hybrid PWM techniques. The document also discusses open-loop and closed-loop V/F control systems. It concludes by stating that the objective of the proposed work is to develop a fuzzy logic based closed-loop V/F control system to improve the efficiency and performance of induction motor speed control.
The document describes a system that uses a PIC16F877A microcontroller to control the speed of a DC motor. The microcontroller is programmed using Flow Code to implement a closed-loop feedback control system. The microcontroller receives feedback on the motor's actual speed and compares it to the desired speed, making adjustments to maintain the motor at the target speed even with changes in load. An LCD display is used to show the motor's current speed. The system was able to control the motor's speed to within 500-600 rpm as desired. Programming the microcontroller with Flow Code made implementation easier compared to other programming methods.
Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor using Different Intelligence SchemesIRJET Journal
This document discusses speed control of a brushless DC motor using different control schemes, including an I-controller, PI-controller, and fuzzy logic controller. It first provides background on BLDC motors and their advantages over brushed DC motors. It then discusses modeling of a BLDC motor and the design of an I-controller, PI-controller, and fuzzy logic controller for speed control. Simulation results show that the fuzzy logic controller provides the best performance with minimum overshoot and settling time. A comparison table confirms that the fuzzy logic controller has the best response dynamics of the three controllers tested.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
For Induction motor is a system that works at their speed, nevertheless there are applications at which the speed operations are needed. The control of range of speed of induction motor techniques is available. The robust control is used with induction motor and the performance of the system with the controller will be improved. The mathematical model to the controller, which were coded in MATLAB. The modeling and controller will be shown by the conditions of robustness of be less than one.
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Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using PLC under Open and Closed Loop Condition
1. Mahesh Kumar K M. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.34-39
www.ijera.com 34 | P a g e
Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using PLC under
Open and Closed Loop Condition
Mahesh Kumar K M*, B Ramachandra**
*(Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PES College of Engineering, Mandya-571401
** (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PES College of Engineering, Mandya-571401
ABSTRACT
In today’s world industries demand process automation in all sectors, because automation results in better
quality, increased production and reduced costs. The variable speed drives which can control the speed of
AC/DC motors are indispensable controlling elements in automation systems. Depending on the application
some of them are fixed speed and some of them are variable speed drives.
The objective of the work is to monitor and control the speed of an Induction motor under various operating
conditions such as no load and on load driven by AC Drive using programmable logic controller.
Keywords: Programmable logic Controller, Open loop system, Closed Loop System, AC Drive, Ladder Logic
I. INTRODUCTION
The variable speed drives, till a couple of
decades back, had various limitations, such as poor
efficiencies, large space, lower speed etc., However,
the advent of power electronic devices such as
power MOSFETs, IGBTs etc., and also with the
introduction of advanced PLC has transformed the
scene completely. Today we have variable speed
drive systems which are not only in smaller size but
also very efficient, highly reliable and meeting all
the stringent demands of various industries of
modern era.
In any industry, the induction motor plays
an important role due to its low cost and
simplicity.By implementing a monitoring and
control system for the speed of motor, the induction
motor can be used in high performance variable-
speed applications. In number of industries, motors
must satisfy very strict speed requirements, both
with respect to the range and smoothness of control
and also with respect to economical operation. The
control of equipment has been performed through
the use of computers. Most equipment's use
programmable logic controllers (PLC) to connect
with computers to monitor each load and electricity
consuming devices. A PLC interacts with the
external world through its inputs and outputs
Induction Motor: The induction motor is also
referred as an asynchronous motor. An induction or
asynchronous electric motor is known as an
Alternating current motor unit wherein the
household current within the rotor are required to
create torque and is simply acquired through
electromagnetic induction through the magnetic field
with the stator turning. An induction motor
consequently doesn’t require physical commutation,
separate-excitation or self-excitation. An induction
motor’s rotor could be of two types,
Squirrel-cage rotor
Slip ring or phase wound rotor
There are generally two kinds of induction motor
which rely upon the particular input supply, which
are
Single phase induction motor
Three phase induction motor
Three-phase induction motors are more
commonly employed in adjustable-speed drives than
three-phase synchronous motors. Stator windings of
both types carry three-phase windings. Rotor of
SCIM is made of copper or aluminium bars short-
circuited by two end rings. Rotor of SRIM carries
three-place winding connected to three slip rings on
the rotor shaft.
Electric Drives: An Electric Motor together with its
control equipment and energy transmitting device
forms an electric drive. An electric drive together
with its working machine constitutes an electric
drive system.
Programmable logic controller (PLC): PLC is a
special form of microprocessor-based controller that
uses programmable memory to store instructions and
to implement functions such as logic, sequencing,
timing, counting, and arithmetic in order to control
machines and processes.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
The different papers published on speed control
of induction motor are:
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Mahesh Kumar K M. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.34-39
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[1] Microcontroller based speed control of three
phase induction motor using v/f method:
Induction motors are widely used AC motors in
industrial area. Advanced semiconductor technology
& use of microcontroller have made the speed
control of induction motor easier. The work makes
use of DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller, in order to
operate induction motor using V/F method. The
various factors which make the microcontroller
based system attractive are, 1. Improved reliability
and increased flexibility. 2. Simplicity of
implementation in variable speed drives 3. Low cost
and high accuracy 4. Possible to change torque
speed characteristics of drive by software
modification. The simplicity of this project is that it
can be operate by any person who need not know
microcontroller programming.
[2] V/F Speed Control of 3 phase Induction
Motor using Space Vector Modulation: The speed
control of three phase induction motor is essential
because the motor control industry is a dominant
sector. To remain competitive, new products must be
developed having several design aspects such as,
cost reduction, low power consumption & improved
power factor. A number of Pulse width modulations
(PWM) scheme is used to obtain variable voltage
and frequency supply from an inverter, such as Sine
wave Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third
Harmonic Pulse Width Modulation (THPWM) and
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation(SVPWM).
There is an increasing trend of using space
vector PWM (SVPWM) because of their easier
digital realization, better dc bus utilization and
output voltage is more closed to sinusoidal wave.
This paper aims at study of v/f speed control
technique for Induction Motor using Space Vector
Pulse Width Modulation technique with stepwise
understanding of v/f speed control method for three
phase induction motor and space vector modulation
and its realization by using MATLAB/SIMULINK
model for two level inverter.
[3] Speed Control of a Three Phase Induction
Motor Using PWM Inverter:
There are different methods of speed
control of three phase induction motor and to
control the speed of three phase induction motor
generally using V/F control strategy. Out of the a
number of methods of speed control of an
induction such as pole changing, frequency
variation, variable rotor resistance, variable
stator voltage, constant V/f control, slip recovery
method etc., the constant V/f speed control
method is the majority generally used. In this
method, the V/f ratio is kept constant which in
turn maintains the magnetizing flux constant so
that the maximum torque remains unchanged.
The simulation work proves the idea of V/F
control using PWM inverter and the software
used for simulation is PSIM (Powersim).The
performance of the volt per hertz strategy were
evaluated through simulation shown in results.
In constant V/F control, by use PWM inverter,
we can vary the supply voltage as well as the
supply frequency such that the V/F ratio remains
constant so that the flux remains constant too.
So, we can get different operating zone for
various speeds and torques and also we can get
different synchronous speed with almost same
maximum torque. Thus the motor is fully
utilized and also we have a good variety of speed
control. It is effortless, cost-effective to easier to
design in open loop. But the drawbacks of open
loop is it doesn’t correct the change in output
also it doesn’t reach the steady state quickly.
III. PROPOSED WORK
Many projects have been done in order to
improve the performance of three phase induction
motors by controlling the speed of induction motor
by various methods like sensor -based control of
three phase induction motor, speed control of
induction motor using PWM inverter technique,
speed control of induction motor using space vector
model etc.
Due to multi- variable, highly non- linear,
unavailability of measurements, complexity
involving the mathematical modelling, is still a
difficult and complex engineering problem. PLC
method of control had replaced traditional control
method which improves greatly dynamic control
efficiency of motor. The Programmable logic
controller can simultaneously evaluate data at a
faster rate thus increasing the efficiency of the motor
and resulting in its better performance.
The objective of our work is to monitor
the speed of a three phase induction motor under
various operating conditions such as no load and
on load. The motor control is attempted with a
Programmable logic controller, to realize in open
loop and closed loop operation under various
operating conditions.
Figure shows Block Diagram of Electric Drive
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Types of Electric Drives: Electric drives are mainly
of two types: DC drives and AC drives The two
types differ from each other, in that the motive
power in DC and AC drives is provided by DC and
AC motors respectively. For induction motor control
AC Drive is used in our work.
AC Drives: AC drives, inverters, and
adjustable frequency drives are all terms that
are used to refer to equipment designed to
control the speed of an AC motor.AC drives
receive AC power and convert it to an
adjustable frequency, adjustable voltage output
for controlling motor operation. All AC drives
convert AC to DC, and then through various
switching techniques invert the DC into a
variable voltage, variable frequency output.
AC drives have been used in the past mainly in
application requiring a constant speed because
conventional methods of the speed control have
either been expensive or highly inefficient.
There are two types of ac drives:
Induction motor drives
Synchronous motor drives
Speed Control Techniques Employed In Induction
Motor Drives:
From Stator side
1. V / f control or frequency control.
2. Changing the number of stator poles.
3. Controlling supply voltage.
4. Adding rheostat in the stator circuit.
From Rotor side
1. Adding external resistance on rotor side.
2. Cascade control method.
3. Injecting slip frequency emf into rotor side.
A programmable logic controller (PLC): is a
special form of microprocessor-based controller that
uses programmable memory to store instructions and
to implement functions such as logic, sequencing,
timing, counting, and arithmetic in order to control
machines and processes. It is designed to be
operated by engineers with perhaps a limited
knowledge of computers and computing languages.
They are not designed so that only computer
programmers can set up or change the programs.
Thus, the designers of the PLC have pre-
programmed it so that the control program can be
entered using a simple, rather intuitive form of
language. The result is a flexible, cost-effective
system that can be used with control systems, which
vary quite widely in their nature and complexity.
PLCs are similar to computers, but whereas
computers are optimized for calculation and display
tasks, PLCs are optimized for control tasks and the
industrial environment. Thus PLCs are rugged and
designed to withstand vibrations, temperature,
humidity, and noise and Have interfacing for inputs
and outputs already inside the controller
Figure 2: PLC Block Diagram
The CPU: The internal structure of the CPU
depends on the microprocessor concerned. In
general,CPUs have the following: An arithmetic and
logic unit (ALU) that is responsible for data
manipulation and carrying out arithmetic operations
of addition and subtraction and logic operations of
AND, OR, NOT, and EXCLUSIVE-OR.
The Buses: The buses are the paths used for
communication within the PLC. The information is
transmitted in binary form, that is, as a group of bits,
with a bit being a binary digit of 1 or 0, indicating
on/off states.
The data bus carries the data used in the processing
done by the CPU. The address bus is used to carry
the addresses of memory locations. So that each
word can be located in memory, every memory
location is given a unique address. If the address bus
consists of eight lines, the number of 8-bit words,
and hence number of distinct addresses, is 256. With
16 address lines, 65,536 addresses are possible.
The control bus carries the signals used by the CPU
for control, such as to inform memory devices
whether they are to receive data from an input or
output data and to carry timing signals used to
synchronize actions.
Memory: To operate the PLC system there is a need
for it to access the data to be processed and
instructions, that is, the program, which informs it
how the data is to be processed. Both are stored in
the PLC memory for access during processing.
There are several memory elements in a PLC
system. Read-only-memory (ROM) gives permanent
storage for the operating system and fixed data used
by the CPU.
Random-access memory (RAM) is used for the
user’s program. Random-access memory (RAM) is
used for data.
4. Mahesh Kumar K M. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 1, ( Part -4) January 2017, pp.34-39
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Input /Output Unit: The input/output unit provides
the interface between the system and the outside
world, allowing for connections to be made through
input/output channels to input devices such as
sensors and output devices such as motors and
solenoids. It is also through the input/output unit that
programs are entered from a program panel.
Programming PLCs: A programming device can
be a handheld device, a desktop console, or a
computer. Only when the program has been
designed on the programming device and is ready is
it transferred to the memory unit of the PLC. A
handheld programming device normally contains
enough memory to allow the unit to retain programs
while being carried from one place to another.
Desktop consoles are likely to have a visual display
unit with a full keyboard and screen. Personal
computers are widely configured as program
development workstations. Some PLCs only require
the computer to have appropriate software; others
require special communication cards to interface
with the PLC. A major advantage of using a
computer is that the program can be stored on the
hard disk or a CD and copies can be easily made.
A very commonly used method of programming
PLCs is based on the use of ladder diagrams.
Writing a program is then equivalent to drawing a
switching circuit. The ladder diagram consists of two
vertical lines representing the power rails. Circuits
are connected as horizontal lines, that is, the rungs of
the ladder, between these two verticals.
Figure 4: Scanning the ladder diagram
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Block & connection diagram
Figure 5: Block Diagram for Induction motor Speed
Monitoring
Figure 5 show complete block diagram of project.
The various components of our project are:
• 3 phase induction Motor
• AC drive
• PLC
• PC as an user Interface
• Encoder for feedback input(rotary type)
• Digital display meter
Figure 6.Connection Diagram
The motor can be operated both in open loop
and closed loop condition. In closed loop condition
the feedback signal is obtained through encoder
connected to motor output shaft which makes it
possible for the actual speed of the motor to catch
the set speed. However, in open loop the actual
speed cannot catch the set speed due to lack of
feedback signal.
4.2 Ladder Logic:
5. Mahesh Kumar K M. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
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4.3. No Load Conditions
4.3.1 Forward direction under no load condition
SET
SPEED
(rpm)
FREQUE
NCY
(HZ)
OPEN
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
CLOSE
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
100 3.54 103 98
200 7.05 209 198
300 10.59 313 298
400 14.1 419 400
500 17.63 523 500
600 21.13 629 600
700 24.66 734 699
800 28.17 838 800
900 31.69 943 899
1000 35.25 1048 994
1100 38.76 1154 1100
1200 42.27 1259 1192
1300 45.88 1364 1300
1400 49.31 1469 1394
1415 49.83 1484 1415
(a)
(b)
Figure 6: (a) Open Loop Operation (b) Closed Loop
Operation for forward direction in no load condition
for a set speed of 200
4.3.2 for reverse direction under no load
condition
(a)
(b)
Figure 7: (a) Open Loop Operation (b) Closed
Loop Operation for reverse direction in no load
condition for a set speed of 1000
SET
SPEED
(rpm)
FREQU
ENCY
(HZ)
OPEN
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
CLOSE
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
100 3.54 104 98
200 7.05 209 198
300 10.59 314 298
400 14.11 419 400
500 17.61 523 500
600 21.13 629 600
700 24.66 734 700
800 28.17 838 800
900 31.69 943 899
1000 35.21 1049 1000
1100 38.75 1154 1100
1200 42.27 1259 1198
1300 45.79 1364 1297
1400 49.31 1469 1398
1415 49.85 1484 1413
4.4 Loading condition
4.4.1 Forward direction under load condition
LOAD
L1+L2(Kg)
OPEN LOOP
SPEED (rpm)
CLOSE
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
2.1+0.4=2.5 356 352
3.6+0.6=4.2 335 351
4.4+0.8=5.2 324 352
4.8+0.8=5.6 307 351
(a)
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(b)
Figure 8: (a) Open Loop Operation (b) Closed Loop
Operation for forward direction in load condition
4.4.2 Reverse direction under load condition
LOAD
L1+L2
(Kg)
OPEN
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
CLOSE
LOOP
SPEED
(rpm)
0.6+0.6=1.2 1481 1406
1.5+0.9=2.4 1473 1407
2.5+1.2=3.7 1462 1406
3.8+1.7=55 1450 1409
(a)
(b)
Figure 9: (a) Open Loop Operation (b) Closed Loop
Operation for reverse direction in load condition for
a set speed of 1415rpm theoretically
V.CONCLUSIONS
The developed hardware and software has
been tested for its validity under various operating
conditions. We observed that both the hardware and
software coordinated and were in close relation.
To validate, the drive has been tested for
various operating conditions. Under closed loop
condition when the input command is set to a speed
of 1415 RPM the output speed recorded will be
around 1406 RPM (in digital display meter).
Experiments were repeated for different speeds and
results were found to be closed to the set value.
VI.FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Motor speed can be controlled and multiple
motors can also be controlled with required
modification in the software and Torque control can
be implemented.
REFERENCE
[1]. Ahmed, Irfan (ed.). [1991]. Digital Control
Applications With the TMS320 Family, Texas
Instruments, Dallas, TX, 1991.
[2]. J.R. Hendershot, Jr. and T.J.E. Miller, Design
of three phase Induction Motors, Magna
Physics Publishing and Clarendon Press,
Oxford, U.K., 1994.
[3]. Microcontroller based speed control of three
phase induction motor using v/f method.
International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 2,
February 2013
[4]. V/F Speed Control of 3 phase Induction
Motor using Space Vector Modulation
[5]. by Ms.Priya Subhash Raichurkar,
International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology
[6]. T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, Three phase
induction Motors, Clarendon Press,
Oxford,U.K., 1985.
[7]. Three phase induction motor speed controller
using PLC approach by Yogini B. Hirave,
Prof. R.T. Patil, Mrs KetanBagade,
International Journal of Engineering Science
Invention.
[8]. Programmable logic controllers ,5th
edition-
W Bolton.
[9]. Power Electronics-Dr P S Bimbhra.