Structure of bacterial, plant and animal cells
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•3,037 views
This document discusses the structure and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It describes the key components of bacterial, plant, and animal cells including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus, and other structures. The main organelles found in eukaryotic cells like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes and vacuoles are explained. The document also provides an overview of prokaryotic cell structure and characteristics of different types of bacteria.
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Structure of bacterial, plant and animal cells
Similar to Structure of bacterial, plant and animal cells (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Structure of bacterial, plant and animal cells
- 1. STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA, PLANTSTRUCTURE OF BACTERIA, PLANT ANDANIMAL CELLSANDANIMAL CELLS Dr. Rama Rao MallaDr. Rama Rao Malla Head, Dept. of BiochemistryHead, Dept. of Biochemistry Institute of ScienceInstitute of Science GITAM UniversityGITAM University 1.1. Cell Biology by David E.SadavaCell Biology by David E.Sadava 2.2. Microbiology by PelczarMicrobiology by Pelczar 3.3. Plant physiology by Lincoln Taiz & Eduardo ZeigerPlant physiology by Lincoln Taiz & Eduardo Zeiger
- 2. CELLSCELLS • SMALLEST LIVING UNITSMALLEST LIVING UNIT • MOST AREMOST ARE MICROSCOPICMICROSCOPIC
- 3. DISCOVERY OF CELLSDISCOVERY OF CELLS • ROBERT HOOKE (MID-1600S)ROBERT HOOKE (MID-1600S) • OBSERVEDSLIVEROF CORKOBSERVEDSLIVEROF CORK • SAW“ROWOF EMPTY BOXES”SAW“ROWOF EMPTY BOXES” • COINEDTHE TERMCELLCOINEDTHE TERMCELL
- 4. CELL THEORYCELL THEORY • (1839)THEODORSCHWANN & MATTHIAS(1839)THEODORSCHWANN & MATTHIAS SCHLEIDENSCHLEIDEN ““ ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OFALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLSCELLS” • (50 YRS. LATER) RUDOLF VIRCHOW(50 YRS. LATER) RUDOLF VIRCHOW ““ALL CELLS COME FROMCELLSALL CELLS COME FROMCELLS””
- 5. PRINCIPLES OF CELL THEORYPRINCIPLES OF CELL THEORY • ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLSALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS • SMALLEST LIVING UNIT OF STRUCTURE ANDFUNCTION OF ALLSMALLEST LIVING UNIT OF STRUCTURE ANDFUNCTION OF ALL ORGANISMS IS THE CELLORGANISMS IS THE CELL • ALL CELLS ARISE FROMPREEXISTING CELLSALL CELLS ARISE FROMPREEXISTING CELLS ((THIS PRINCIPLE DISCARDEDTHE IDEA OF SPONTANEOUSTHIS PRINCIPLE DISCARDEDTHE IDEA OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONGENERATION))
- 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL CELLSCHARACTERISTICS OF ALL CELLS • A SURROUNDING MEMBRANEA SURROUNDING MEMBRANE • PROTOPLASM– CELL CONTENTS IN THICKFLUIDPROTOPLASM– CELL CONTENTS IN THICKFLUID • ORGANELLES – STRUCTURES FORCELL FUNCTIONORGANELLES – STRUCTURES FORCELL FUNCTION • CONTROL CENTERWITHDNACONTROL CENTERWITHDNA
- 9. EUKARYOTIC CELLS • NUCLEUS BOUNDBY MEMBRANENUCLEUS BOUNDBY MEMBRANE • INCLUDE FUNGI, PROTISTS, PLANT, ANDINCLUDE FUNGI, PROTISTS, PLANT, AND ANIMAL CELLSANIMAL CELLS • POSSESS MANY ORGANELLESPOSSESS MANY ORGANELLES Protozoan
- 10. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ANIMALGENERAL STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL CELLCELL
- 11. GENERAL STRUCTURE OPLANT CELLGENERAL STRUCTURE OPLANT CELL
- 12. ORGANELLES • CELLULARMACHINERYCELLULARMACHINERY • TWOGENERAL KINDSTWOGENERAL KINDS • DERIVEDFROMMEMBRANESDERIVEDFROMMEMBRANES • BACTERIA-LIKE ORGANELLESBACTERIA-LIKE ORGANELLES
- 13. PLASMA MEMBRANE • CONTAINS CELL CONTENTSCONTAINS CELL CONTENTS • DOUBLE LAYEROF PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINSDOUBLE LAYEROF PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS
- 14. PHOSPHOLIPIDS • POLARPOLAR • HYDROPHYLIC HEADHYDROPHYLIC HEAD • HYDROPHOBIC TAILHYDROPHOBIC TAIL • INTERACTS WITHINTERACTS WITH WATERWATER
- 15. MOVEMENT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE • A FEWMOLECULES MOVE FREELYA FEWMOLECULES MOVE FREELY • WATER, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA, OXYGENWATER, CARBON DIOXIDE, AMMONIA, OXYGEN • CARRIERPROTEINS TRANSPORT SOME MOLECULESCARRIERPROTEINS TRANSPORT SOME MOLECULES • PROTEINS EMBEDDEDIN LIPIDBILAYERPROTEINS EMBEDDEDIN LIPIDBILAYER • FLUIDMOSAIC MODEL – DESCRIBES FLUIDNATURE OF AFLUIDMOSAIC MODEL – DESCRIBES FLUIDNATURE OF A LIPIDBILAYERWITHPROTEINSLIPIDBILAYERWITHPROTEINS
- 17. MEMBRANE PROTEINS 1. CHANNELS ORTRANSPORTERS1. CHANNELS ORTRANSPORTERS • MOVE MOLECULES IN ONE DIRECTIONMOVE MOLECULES IN ONE DIRECTION 2. RECEPTORS2. RECEPTORS • RECOGNIZE CERTAIN CHEMICALSRECOGNIZE CERTAIN CHEMICALS 3. GLYCOPROTEINS3. GLYCOPROTEINS • IDENTIFY CELL TYPEIDENTIFY CELL TYPE 4. ENZYMES4. ENZYMES • CATALYZE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCESCATALYZE PRODUCTION OF SUBSTANCES
- 18. CELL WALLS • FOUNDIN PLANTS, FUNGI, & MANY PROTISTSFOUNDIN PLANTS, FUNGI, & MANY PROTISTS • SURROUNDS PLASMA MEMBRANESURROUNDS PLASMA MEMBRANE • PLANTS – MOSTLY CELLULOSEPLANTS – MOSTLY CELLULOSE • FUNGI – CONTAIN CHITINFUNGI – CONTAIN CHITIN
- 19. CYTOPLASM • VISCOUS FLUIDCONTAINING ORGANELLESVISCOUS FLUIDCONTAINING ORGANELLES • COMPONENTS OF CYTOPLASMCOMPONENTS OF CYTOPLASM • INTERCONNECTEDFILAMENTS & FIBERSINTERCONNECTEDFILAMENTS & FIBERS • FLUID= CYTOSOLFLUID= CYTOSOL • ORGANELLES (NOT NUCLEUS)ORGANELLES (NOT NUCLEUS) • STORAGE SUBSTANCESSTORAGE SUBSTANCES
- 20. CYTOSKELETON • FILAMENTS &FILAMENTS & FIBERSFIBERS • MADE OF 3 FIBERMADE OF 3 FIBER TYPESTYPES • MICROFILAMENTSMICROFILAMENTS • MICROTUBULESMICROTUBULES • INTERMEDIATEINTERMEDIATE FILAMENTSFILAMENTS • 3 FUNCTIONS:3 FUNCTIONS: • MECHANICALMECHANICAL SUPPORTSUPPORT • ANCHORANCHOR ORGANELLESORGANELLES • HELPMOVE
- 21. CILIA & FLAGELLA • PROVIDE MOTILITYPROVIDE MOTILITY • CILIACILIA • SHORTSHORT • USEDTO MOVEUSEDTO MOVE SUBSTANCES OUTSIDESUBSTANCES OUTSIDE HUMAN CELLSHUMAN CELLS • FLAGELLAFLAGELLA • WHIP-LIKEWHIP-LIKE EXTENSIONSEXTENSIONS • FOUNDON SPERMFOUNDON SPERM CELLSCELLS • BASAL BODIES LIKEBASAL BODIES LIKE • CENTRIOLESCENTRIOLES
- 22. CILIA & FLAGELLA STRUCTURE • BUNDLES OF MICROTUBULESBUNDLES OF MICROTUBULES • WITHPLASMA MEMBRANEWITHPLASMA MEMBRANE
- 23. CENTRIOLES • PAIRS OF MICROTUBULARSTRUCTURESPAIRS OF MICROTUBULARSTRUCTURES • PLAY A ROLE IN CELL DIVISIONPLAY A ROLE IN CELL DIVISION
- 24. MEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES • FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS WITHIN CYTOPLASMFUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS WITHIN CYTOPLASM • BOUNDBY MEMBRANESBOUNDBY MEMBRANES
- 25. NUCLEUS • CONTROL CENTERCONTROL CENTER OF CELLOF CELL • CONTAINSCONTAINS • NUCLEARNUCLEAR MEMBRANEMEMBRANE • CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES • NUCLEOLUSNUCLEOLUS
- 26. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE • SEPARATES NUCLEUS FROMREST OF CELLSEPARATES NUCLEUS FROMREST OF CELL • DOUBLE MEMBRANEDOUBLE MEMBRANE • HAS PORESHAS PORES
- 27. DNA • HEREDITARY MATERIALHEREDITARY MATERIAL • CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES • DNADNA • PROTIENSPROTIENS
- 28. NUCLEOLUS • MOST CELLS HAVE 2 ORMOREMOST CELLS HAVE 2 ORMORE • DIRECTS SYNTHESIS OF RNADIRECTS SYNTHESIS OF RNA • FORMS RIBOSOMESFORMS RIBOSOMES
- 29. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • NETWORKOF INTERCONNECTEDMEMBRANESNETWORKOF INTERCONNECTEDMEMBRANES • HELPS MOVE SUBSTANCES WITHIN CELLSHELPS MOVE SUBSTANCES WITHIN CELLS • TWOTYPESTWOTYPES • ROUGHENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMROUGHENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • SMOOTHENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMSMOOTHENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- 30. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • RIBOSOMES ATTACHEDTORIBOSOMES ATTACHEDTO SURFACESURFACE • MANUFACTURE PROTIENSMANUFACTURE PROTIENS SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • RIBOSOMES NOT ATTACHEDRIBOSOMES NOT ATTACHED • HAS ENZYMES THAT HELPHAS ENZYMES THAT HELP SYNTHESIS OFSYNTHESIS OF • CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES • LIPIDSLIPIDS
- 31. GOLGI APPARATUS • INVOLVEDIN SYNTHESIS OF PLANT CELL WALLINVOLVEDIN SYNTHESIS OF PLANT CELL WALL • PACKAGING & SHIPPING STATION OF CELLPACKAGING & SHIPPING STATION OF CELL
- 32. GOLGI APPARATUS FUNCTION 1. MOLECULES LIKE PROTEINS COME IN VESICLES1. MOLECULES LIKE PROTEINS COME IN VESICLES 2. VESICLES FUSE WITHGOLGI MEMBRANE2. VESICLES FUSE WITHGOLGI MEMBRANE 3. MOLECULES MAY BE MODIFIEDBY GOLGI3. MOLECULES MAY BE MODIFIEDBY GOLGI 4. MOLECULES PINCHED-OFF IN SEPARATE4. MOLECULES PINCHED-OFF IN SEPARATE VESICLEVESICLE 5. VESICLE LEAVES GOLGI APPARATUS5. VESICLE LEAVES GOLGI APPARATUS 6. VESICLES MAY COMBINE WITHPLASMA MEMBRANE TO6. VESICLES MAY COMBINE WITHPLASMA MEMBRANE TO SECRETE CONTENTSSECRETE CONTENTS
- 33. LYSOSOMES • CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMESCONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES • FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS • AIDIN CELL RENEWALAIDIN CELL RENEWAL • BREAKDOWN OLDCELL PARTSBREAKDOWN OLDCELL PARTS • DIGESTS INVADERSDIGESTS INVADERS
- 34. VACUOLES • MEMBRANE BOUNDSTORAGE SACSMEMBRANE BOUNDSTORAGE SACS • MORE COMMON IN PLANTS THAN ANIMALSMORE COMMON IN PLANTS THAN ANIMALS • CONTENTSCONTENTS • WATERWATER • FOODFOOD • WASTESWASTES
- 35. BACTERIA-LIKE ORGANELLES • DERIVEDFROMSYMBIOTICDERIVEDFROMSYMBIOTIC BACTERIABACTERIA • RELEASE & STORE ENERGYRELEASE & STORE ENERGY • TYPETYPES • MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA (RELEASE ENERGY)(RELEASE ENERGY) • CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS (STORE ENERGY)(STORE ENERGY)
- 36. MITOCHONDRIA • HAVE THEIROWN DNAHAVE THEIROWN DNA • BOUNDBY DOUBLE MEMBRANEBOUNDBY DOUBLE MEMBRANE • BREAKDOWN FUEL MOLECULESBREAKDOWN FUEL MOLECULES ((CELLULARRESPIRATION)CELLULARRESPIRATION) • GLUCOSEGLUCOSE • FATTY ACIDSFATTY ACIDS • RELEASE ENERGYRELEASE ENERGY • ATPATP
- 37. CHLOROPLASTS • DERIVEDFORMPHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIADERIVEDFORMPHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA • SOLARENERGY CAPTURING ORGANELLESOLARENERGY CAPTURING ORGANELLE • TAKES PLACE IN THE CHLOROPLASTTAKES PLACE IN THE CHLOROPLAST • MAKES CELLULARFOOD– GLUCOSEMAKES CELLULARFOOD– GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESPHOTOSYNTHES ISIS
- 38. PROKARYOTIC CELLS • FIRST CELL TYPE ON EARTHFIRST CELL TYPE ON EARTH • CELL TYPE OF BACTERIA ANDARCHAEACELL TYPE OF BACTERIA ANDARCHAEA
- 39. PROKARYOTIC CELLS • NOMEMBRANE BOUNDNUCLEUSNOMEMBRANE BOUNDNUCLEUS • NUCLEOID= REGION OF DNA CONCENTRATIONNUCLEOID= REGION OF DNA CONCENTRATION • ORGANELLES NOT BOUNDBY MEMBRANESORGANELLES NOT BOUNDBY MEMBRANES
- 40. SHAPE OF BACTERIASHAPE OF BACTERIA • BACILLUS: RODSHAPEDBACILLUS: RODSHAPED • COCCUS: SPHERICALCOCCUS: SPHERICAL (ROUND)(ROUND) • VIBRIO: COMMA SHAPEDVIBRIO: COMMA SHAPED WITHFLAGELLAWITHFLAGELLA • SPIRILLUM: SPIRALSPIRILLUM: SPIRAL SHAPESHAPE • SPIROCHETE: WORMLIKESPIROCHETE: WORMLIKE SPIRAL SHAPESPIRAL SHAPE 40
- 41. 41 • No nucleus or membrane-boundNo nucleus or membrane-bound organellesorganelles • Contain ribosomesContain ribosomes • Single, circular chromosome inSingle, circular chromosome in nucleoid regionnucleoid region
- 42. 42
- 43. 43
- 44. 44 • ADHEREBACTERIA TOADHEREBACTERIA TO SURFACESSURFACES • USEDIN CONJUGATIONUSEDIN CONJUGATION FOREXCHANGEOFFOREXCHANGEOF GENETIC INFORMATIONGENETIC INFORMATION • AIDFLOTATION BYAIDFLOTATION BY INCREASINGBUOYANCYINCREASINGBUOYANCY
- 45. 45
- 46. • INFOLDINGSINFOLDINGS OF CELLOF CELL MEMBRANE ISMEMBRANE IS CALLEDCALLEDMESOSOMESMESOSOMES • IT CARRY ONIT CARRY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS &PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULARCELLULAR RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION 46