This document discusses proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for use in electric vehicles. It describes the structure and components of PEMFCs, including the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which contains the membrane and electrodes. The effects of mechanical vibration on water transport and voltage response in PEMFCs are investigated experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is also used to simulate heat and fluid flow within a PEMFC stack. The document concludes that PEMFCs provide an opportunity for energy transformation in electric vehicles and that mechanical vibration can cause larger voltage fluctuations than no vibration due to effects on water transport.
'Corrosion' may seem to be a simple word. But the underlying mechanism and its significance in Major industries are just reviewed in the presentation named "FAC- Flow Accelerated Corrosion"
This document describes a dissertation submitted by Ravi Siva Mani Kandan for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering. The dissertation focuses on modeling the effects of incorporating porous inserts in the flow channels of a 70 cm2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in a zigzag flow pattern. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and preface. Chapter 2 describes fuel cells and PEMFCs. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on PEMFC modeling and flow channel designs. Chapter 4 outlines the project, including defining the problem of water management, incorporating porous inserts into the fuel cell model, meshing the fuel cell assembly, and modeling the fuel cell.
IRJET- A Research Paper on Design and Experimentation on Continuous Loop Demu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and experimentation of a continuous loop demulsifier. The demulsifier uses electrocoalescence to separate water from crude oil by inducing opposite charges on water droplets using an electrostatic field, causing them to coalesce into larger droplets that settle out of the oil due to gravity. Key components of the developed system include distributor and collector tubes, grid electrodes to generate a uniform electric field, a pump to continuously feed the emulsion, and an acrylic vessel to hold it all. Experimental results showed this to be an effective low-cost method for continuous crude oil demulsification.
IRJET- Enhancement Performance of Polymer High Voltage Insulators using Nano-...IRJET Journal
The document discusses enhancing the performance of polymer high voltage insulators using nano-fillers. It aims to study the electrical properties of epoxy composites containing inorganic fillers of different sizes and concentrations under contaminated weather conditions. Epoxy composites were prepared with silica fillers in micro and nano sizes at various weight percentages. Flashover voltage tests were conducted on the samples under dry, wet and salty wet conditions. The results show that flashover voltage generally increases with filler content under dry conditions but decreases under wet conditions due to degradation from water. Nano-filled epoxy samples exhibited higher flashover voltages than micro-filled samples under both dry and wet conditions, with an optimal nano-filler content of 5
The document provides an overview of the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It discusses the four main components: [1] proton conducting membranes, [2] electrocatalysts for the anode and cathode, [3] porous gas diffusion electrodes, and [4] the assembly of the membrane and electrodes into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Perfluorinated membranes such as Nafion are most widely used as they have high proton conductivity and stability, though cost and durability remain challenges.
Maiyalagan, Components of pem fuel cells an overviewkutty79
Fuel cells, as devices for direct conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel into
electricity by electrochemical reactions, are among the key enabling technologies for the transition
to a hydrogen-based economy. Among the various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte
membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be at the forefront for commercialization for
portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low
pollutant emission. Cost and durability of PEMFCs are the two major challenges that need to be
addressed to facilitate their commercialization. The properties of the membrane electrode assembly
(MEA) have a direct impact on both cost and durability of a PEMFC.
An overview is presented on the key components of the PEMFC MEA. The success of the MEA
and thereby PEMFC technology is believed to depend largely on two key materials: the membrane
and the electro-catalyst. These two key materials are directly linked to the major challenges faced in
PEMFC, namely, the performance, and cost. Concerted efforts are conducted globally for the past
couple of decades to address these challenges. This chapter aims to provide the reader an overview
of the major research findings to date on the key components of a PEMFC MEA.
Plasma spraying (type of thernal spraying)ROLWYN CARDOZA
The document discusses plasma spraying, which involves injecting powder particles into a plasma jet created by heating an inert gas. The particles are accelerated, heated, and impact the substrate, forming a coating. Key factors that affect the plasma spraying process include substrate roughness, gas pressure, particle size, arc power, plasma gas flow rate, and torch-to-base distance. The document provides examples of plasma sprayed coatings for applications such as wear resistance and thermal barrier coatings. It also describes two case studies on plasma sprayed titanium-graphite and diamond-reinforced molybdenum coatings.
'Corrosion' may seem to be a simple word. But the underlying mechanism and its significance in Major industries are just reviewed in the presentation named "FAC- Flow Accelerated Corrosion"
This document describes a dissertation submitted by Ravi Siva Mani Kandan for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering. The dissertation focuses on modeling the effects of incorporating porous inserts in the flow channels of a 70 cm2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating in a zigzag flow pattern. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and preface. Chapter 2 describes fuel cells and PEMFCs. Chapter 3 reviews relevant literature on PEMFC modeling and flow channel designs. Chapter 4 outlines the project, including defining the problem of water management, incorporating porous inserts into the fuel cell model, meshing the fuel cell assembly, and modeling the fuel cell.
IRJET- A Research Paper on Design and Experimentation on Continuous Loop Demu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the design and experimentation of a continuous loop demulsifier. The demulsifier uses electrocoalescence to separate water from crude oil by inducing opposite charges on water droplets using an electrostatic field, causing them to coalesce into larger droplets that settle out of the oil due to gravity. Key components of the developed system include distributor and collector tubes, grid electrodes to generate a uniform electric field, a pump to continuously feed the emulsion, and an acrylic vessel to hold it all. Experimental results showed this to be an effective low-cost method for continuous crude oil demulsification.
IRJET- Enhancement Performance of Polymer High Voltage Insulators using Nano-...IRJET Journal
The document discusses enhancing the performance of polymer high voltage insulators using nano-fillers. It aims to study the electrical properties of epoxy composites containing inorganic fillers of different sizes and concentrations under contaminated weather conditions. Epoxy composites were prepared with silica fillers in micro and nano sizes at various weight percentages. Flashover voltage tests were conducted on the samples under dry, wet and salty wet conditions. The results show that flashover voltage generally increases with filler content under dry conditions but decreases under wet conditions due to degradation from water. Nano-filled epoxy samples exhibited higher flashover voltages than micro-filled samples under both dry and wet conditions, with an optimal nano-filler content of 5
The document provides an overview of the key components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It discusses the four main components: [1] proton conducting membranes, [2] electrocatalysts for the anode and cathode, [3] porous gas diffusion electrodes, and [4] the assembly of the membrane and electrodes into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Perfluorinated membranes such as Nafion are most widely used as they have high proton conductivity and stability, though cost and durability remain challenges.
Maiyalagan, Components of pem fuel cells an overviewkutty79
Fuel cells, as devices for direct conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel into
electricity by electrochemical reactions, are among the key enabling technologies for the transition
to a hydrogen-based economy. Among the various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte
membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be at the forefront for commercialization for
portable and transportation applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low
pollutant emission. Cost and durability of PEMFCs are the two major challenges that need to be
addressed to facilitate their commercialization. The properties of the membrane electrode assembly
(MEA) have a direct impact on both cost and durability of a PEMFC.
An overview is presented on the key components of the PEMFC MEA. The success of the MEA
and thereby PEMFC technology is believed to depend largely on two key materials: the membrane
and the electro-catalyst. These two key materials are directly linked to the major challenges faced in
PEMFC, namely, the performance, and cost. Concerted efforts are conducted globally for the past
couple of decades to address these challenges. This chapter aims to provide the reader an overview
of the major research findings to date on the key components of a PEMFC MEA.
Plasma spraying (type of thernal spraying)ROLWYN CARDOZA
The document discusses plasma spraying, which involves injecting powder particles into a plasma jet created by heating an inert gas. The particles are accelerated, heated, and impact the substrate, forming a coating. Key factors that affect the plasma spraying process include substrate roughness, gas pressure, particle size, arc power, plasma gas flow rate, and torch-to-base distance. The document provides examples of plasma sprayed coatings for applications such as wear resistance and thermal barrier coatings. It also describes two case studies on plasma sprayed titanium-graphite and diamond-reinforced molybdenum coatings.
IRJET- Analysis of Cooling Fluid Interaction and Force Generated in a Pis...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analysis of cooling fluid interaction and force generated in a piston cylinder assembly. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of analyzing cooling fluid effects and cavitation in internal combustion engines using simulation. It then provides background on cavitation phenomena and stages. It describes the operation of internal combustion diesel engines, including the four strokes and cooling system. Equations are presented for forces on piston cylinder components under various assumptions. The document aims to simulate cavitation effects on cylinder liners and identify methods to increase engine component life.
Performance comparison of PEMFC hydrogen reformer with different controllersTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The renewable energy technology has become very popular due to major constraint in
the existing electrical system such as high electricity demand, increased in fuel prices and concern of
environmental pollution. The aims of this project are to develop a complete Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cell (PEMFC) model with hydrogen reformer by using MATLAB/Simulink with three different
controllers and comparison between the three controllers will be discussed. This project presents
the development of methods to solve the problem of PEMFC output voltage by using different controllers
which are Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivatives (PID) and Proportional Integral Fuzzy
(PI-Fuzzy) controllers. The Ziegler Nicholas tuning method is used to tune PI and PID gains in a Simulink
model. It helps the system to achieve a balance between performance and robustness for both controllers.
The Mamdani type was used to develop the fuzzy controller in Simulink model. The transient performances
that will be discussed are rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and percentage of overshoot.
The results show that the proposed PI-Fuzzy is better than the conventionally used PI and PID controllers.
The document describes the development of a hybrid electrode combining an ultrathin Nanostructured Thin Film (NSTF) catalyst layer with a dispersed platinum catalyst interlayer. Initial testing showed the NSTF electrode performed poorly at low temperatures due to water management issues. Adding a carbon or platinum interlayer between the NSTF layer and gas diffusion medium significantly improved low temperature performance by reducing water accumulation. Further work focused on developing coating methods for applying the interlayer that could be translated to roll-to-roll manufacturing. The performance was highly sensitive to the coating technique used. Coating the interlayer directly on the gas diffusion layer rather than on the membrane electrode assembly eliminated high current density voltage losses.
This document discusses fuel cells in automobiles and provides 3 key points:
1) It describes various types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), solid acid fuel cells (SAFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). PEMFC are most suitable for use in vehicles due to their low operating temperature and pressure.
2) Fuel cells can power electric vehicles through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing electricity and emitting only water and heat as byproducts. This can reduce emissions compared to gasoline vehicles. However, hydrogen production may also cause some pollution.
3) The document
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
This document provides an overview of plasma pulse technology for enhanced oil recovery. It discusses what plasma is, how it is formed, and the mechanism by which plasma pulse tools work to stimulate oil reservoirs. Laboratory studies on core and fluid samples showed reductions in oil viscosity and improvements to thixotropic properties after plasma pulse treatment. The document also presents several case studies that demonstrated increased oil production rates and decreased water cuts after applying the technology to wells.
Taguchi Method of Optimization Performed on 49 cm2 Active Area on Interdigita...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of operating and design parameters for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with an interdigitated flow channel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Taguchi method. The study considered factors like landing to channel width ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:2), operating pressure (1-2.5 bar), temperature (313-343 K), and reactant stoichiometric ratios (3-4.5). The results showed that a landing to channel width ratio of 1:2 produced the maximum power density of 0.203 W/cm2. Overall, the Taguchi method optimization achieved a high R2 value of 99.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on enhancing heat transfer in the receiver tubes of parabolic trough solar collectors. The receiver tubes experience non-uniform heat flux around the periphery from the concentrated solar radiation, resulting in large temperature gradients. The study numerically simulates turbulent flow and heat transfer in receiver tubes with staggered pin fins on the inside surface. It is found that pin fins improve performance over a plain tube by increasing surface area and turbulence. Higher pin fins result in greater heat transfer but also higher pressure drop. The best performing design has pin fins 12mm in height, balancing increased heat transfer with pressure penalties.
Threshold Voltage Roll-off by Structural Parameters for Sub-10 nm Asymmetric ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study is to analyze threshold voltage roll-off according to structural parameters of sub-10 nm
asymmetric double gate MOSFET. In case of sub-10nm channel length, because of short channel effects
resulting from the rapid increase of tunneling current, even asymmetric double gate (DG) MOSFET, which
has been developed for reducing short channel effects, will increase threshold voltage roll-off, and this is
an obstacle against the miniaturization of asymmetric DGMOSFET. Especially, since asymmetric
DGMOSFET can be produced differently in top and bottom oxide thickness, top/bottom oxide thickness will
affect the threshold voltage roll-off. To analyze this, thermal emission current and tunneling current model
have been calculated, and threshold voltage roll-off in accordance with the reduction of channel length has
been analyzed by using channel thickness and top/bottom oxide thickness as parameters. As a result, it is
found that, in short channel asymmetric double gate MOSFET, threshold voltage roll-off is changed greatly
according to top/bottom gate oxide thickness, and that threshold voltage roll-off, in particular, is generated
more greatly according to silicon thickness. In addition, it is found that top and bottom oxide thickness have
a relation of inverse proportion mutually for maintaining identical threshold voltage.
Plasma pulse technology is an enhanced oil recovery technique that uses a tool to generate a plasma arc within the wellbore, emitting heat and pressure waves. These waves clean perforations, increase permeability, and excite hydrocarbon molecules to increase mobility and reduce viscosity. It has been successfully used on over 200 wells worldwide to increase productivity with minimal costs and environmental impact compared to conventional EOR methods. While it cannot replace conventional methods, plasma pulse technology can help alleviate some of their challenges and its effects may be improved when combined with other techniques.
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...IJMER
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
Due to high viscosity of crude oil, the pressure drop and pumping power requirements are very high.
So it is necessary to bring down the viscosity of crude oil. Heated pipelines are used reduce the oil
viscosity by increasing the oil temperature. Electrical heating and direct flame heating are the common
method used for heating the oil pipeline. In this work, a new application of Parabolic Trough Collector
in the field of oil pipeline transport is introduced for reducing pressure drop in oil pipelines. Oil
pipeline is heated by applying concentrated solar radiation on the pipe surface using a Parabolic
Trough Collector in which the oil pipeline acts as the absorber pipe. 3-D steady state analysis is
carried out on a heated oil pipeline using commercial CFD software package ANSYS Fluent 14.5. In
this work an effort is made to investigate the effect of concentrated solar radiation for reducing
pressure drop in the oil pipeline. The results from the numerical analysis shows that the pressure drop
in oil pipeline is get reduced by heating the pipe line using concentrated solar radiation. From this
work, the application of PTC in oil pipeline transportation is justified.
Approach to overcome_the_water_crossover_in_passiveaakash miya
The document discusses research on overcoming water crossover and flooding in passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). It first provides background on DMFCs and identifies their advantages and disadvantages. Key areas of research are reducing methanol and water crossover, increasing water backflow, and lowering costs. The literature review describes methods to reduce crossover like modifying membranes and gas diffusion layers. Several studies achieved breakthroughs in lowering crossover through techniques like a tailored membrane-electrode assembly. For DMFCs to be commercially viable, further breakthroughs are still needed to address limitations such as cost, degradation, and methanol crossover.
This document summarizes progress on low-voltage electrowetting using lubricated polymer honeycomb substrates. Introducing ethylene carbonate into the polymer matrix allowed an increase in sensitivity. A theoretical analysis of electrowetting thermodynamics on a liquid infused film was conducted. Experimental data fitting to theoretical curves estimated the specific capacity of the double layer. An analysis of viscous dissipation under the proposed electrowetting scheme was also presented.
The document discusses various types of coatings used for plastic films, paper, and metal foils. It describes common coating techniques like comma coating, reverse roll coating, and Myer bar coating. It also discusses surface treatment methods like corona treatment and plasma treatment that are used to increase adhesion of coatings. Barrier coatings used for paper are mentioned, which improve properties like printability, smoothness, gloss, and brightness.
Study on Thermo-Electric Generator and hydrogen recirculation on Solid Oxide ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improving the efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) through waste heat recovery and hydrogen recirculation. It proposes using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to convert the waste heat from SOFCs into electricity, which would then power electrolysis of the SOFCs' water byproduct to produce hydrogen. This hydrogen could be recirculated back into the SOFCs. The document also discusses using a multi-stage configuration with SOFCs and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to further improve efficiency. MATLAB simulations were used to analyze the efficiency gains from waste heat recovery and hydrogen recirculation in SOFC systems. The results suggest this approach could increase SOFC system
SPEECH EMOTION RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING RNNIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze heat transfer in a tube-in-tube helical coil heat exchanger with different nanofluid materials.
2. Simulations were run with Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids at various inlet velocities to analyze parameters like temperature, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient.
3. The results showed that using Al2O3/water nanofluids improved heat transfer compared to using water alone, while CuO/water nanofluids decreased heat transfer. Higher inlet velocities also improved heat transfer due to increased turbulence.
Penga Ž, Tolj I, Barbir F, Computational fluid dynamics study of PEM fuel cel...Željko Penga
This computational fluid dynamics study examines PEM fuel cell performance under isothermal and non-uniform temperature boundary conditions. The study finds that implementing a non-uniform temperature profile along the cathode channel, as calculated from a Mollier h-u chart, results in close to 100% relative humidity without external humidification and improves fuel cell performance. The model polarization curve and relative humidity distribution agree well with experimental results. Different current collector materials and membrane thickness influence temperature and relative humidity distributions through their effects on thermal conductivity and water transport.
Penga Ž, Tolj I, Barbir F, Computational fluid dynamics study of PEM fuel cel...Željko Penga
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a segmented proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under different temperature boundary conditions. The study found that using a non-uniform temperature profile along the cathode channel, calculated from experimental data, resulted in close to 100% relative humidity and improved fuel cell performance without external humidification. The CFD model predictions of polarization curve and relative humidity distribution agreed well with experimental results. Material properties like thermal conductivity were found to influence temperature and humidity distributions. Membrane thickness also affected net water transport and distributions. Implementing more accurate non-uniform temperature boundary conditions is important for modeling higher current densities with partially humidified reactants.
Dynamic performance of a high temperature pem fuel cell e an experimental studyMohsen Rostami
The document experimentally studies the dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell under varying current loads. It finds that the cell exhibits hysteresis in polarization curves when current is swept from low to high and back. Under anodic flow-through operation, voltage undershoots and overshoots are less severe at high currents. The peak performance is higher under anodic dead-end operation, but decreases after purging and the shape of the dynamic voltage curve is similar under different purging intervals.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document discusses analysis of cooling fluid interaction and force generated in a piston cylinder assembly. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of analyzing cooling fluid effects and cavitation in internal combustion engines using simulation. It then provides background on cavitation phenomena and stages. It describes the operation of internal combustion diesel engines, including the four strokes and cooling system. Equations are presented for forces on piston cylinder components under various assumptions. The document aims to simulate cavitation effects on cylinder liners and identify methods to increase engine component life.
Performance comparison of PEMFC hydrogen reformer with different controllersTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The renewable energy technology has become very popular due to major constraint in
the existing electrical system such as high electricity demand, increased in fuel prices and concern of
environmental pollution. The aims of this project are to develop a complete Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cell (PEMFC) model with hydrogen reformer by using MATLAB/Simulink with three different
controllers and comparison between the three controllers will be discussed. This project presents
the development of methods to solve the problem of PEMFC output voltage by using different controllers
which are Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Integral Derivatives (PID) and Proportional Integral Fuzzy
(PI-Fuzzy) controllers. The Ziegler Nicholas tuning method is used to tune PI and PID gains in a Simulink
model. It helps the system to achieve a balance between performance and robustness for both controllers.
The Mamdani type was used to develop the fuzzy controller in Simulink model. The transient performances
that will be discussed are rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and percentage of overshoot.
The results show that the proposed PI-Fuzzy is better than the conventionally used PI and PID controllers.
The document describes the development of a hybrid electrode combining an ultrathin Nanostructured Thin Film (NSTF) catalyst layer with a dispersed platinum catalyst interlayer. Initial testing showed the NSTF electrode performed poorly at low temperatures due to water management issues. Adding a carbon or platinum interlayer between the NSTF layer and gas diffusion medium significantly improved low temperature performance by reducing water accumulation. Further work focused on developing coating methods for applying the interlayer that could be translated to roll-to-roll manufacturing. The performance was highly sensitive to the coating technique used. Coating the interlayer directly on the gas diffusion layer rather than on the membrane electrode assembly eliminated high current density voltage losses.
This document discusses fuel cells in automobiles and provides 3 key points:
1) It describes various types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), solid acid fuel cells (SAFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC). PEMFC are most suitable for use in vehicles due to their low operating temperature and pressure.
2) Fuel cells can power electric vehicles through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing electricity and emitting only water and heat as byproducts. This can reduce emissions compared to gasoline vehicles. However, hydrogen production may also cause some pollution.
3) The document
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
This document provides an overview of plasma pulse technology for enhanced oil recovery. It discusses what plasma is, how it is formed, and the mechanism by which plasma pulse tools work to stimulate oil reservoirs. Laboratory studies on core and fluid samples showed reductions in oil viscosity and improvements to thixotropic properties after plasma pulse treatment. The document also presents several case studies that demonstrated increased oil production rates and decreased water cuts after applying the technology to wells.
Taguchi Method of Optimization Performed on 49 cm2 Active Area on Interdigita...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an optimization study of operating and design parameters for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with an interdigitated flow channel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Taguchi method. The study considered factors like landing to channel width ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:2), operating pressure (1-2.5 bar), temperature (313-343 K), and reactant stoichiometric ratios (3-4.5). The results showed that a landing to channel width ratio of 1:2 produced the maximum power density of 0.203 W/cm2. Overall, the Taguchi method optimization achieved a high R2 value of 99.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
IRJET- Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on enhancing heat transfer in the receiver tubes of parabolic trough solar collectors. The receiver tubes experience non-uniform heat flux around the periphery from the concentrated solar radiation, resulting in large temperature gradients. The study numerically simulates turbulent flow and heat transfer in receiver tubes with staggered pin fins on the inside surface. It is found that pin fins improve performance over a plain tube by increasing surface area and turbulence. Higher pin fins result in greater heat transfer but also higher pressure drop. The best performing design has pin fins 12mm in height, balancing increased heat transfer with pressure penalties.
Threshold Voltage Roll-off by Structural Parameters for Sub-10 nm Asymmetric ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study is to analyze threshold voltage roll-off according to structural parameters of sub-10 nm
asymmetric double gate MOSFET. In case of sub-10nm channel length, because of short channel effects
resulting from the rapid increase of tunneling current, even asymmetric double gate (DG) MOSFET, which
has been developed for reducing short channel effects, will increase threshold voltage roll-off, and this is
an obstacle against the miniaturization of asymmetric DGMOSFET. Especially, since asymmetric
DGMOSFET can be produced differently in top and bottom oxide thickness, top/bottom oxide thickness will
affect the threshold voltage roll-off. To analyze this, thermal emission current and tunneling current model
have been calculated, and threshold voltage roll-off in accordance with the reduction of channel length has
been analyzed by using channel thickness and top/bottom oxide thickness as parameters. As a result, it is
found that, in short channel asymmetric double gate MOSFET, threshold voltage roll-off is changed greatly
according to top/bottom gate oxide thickness, and that threshold voltage roll-off, in particular, is generated
more greatly according to silicon thickness. In addition, it is found that top and bottom oxide thickness have
a relation of inverse proportion mutually for maintaining identical threshold voltage.
Plasma pulse technology is an enhanced oil recovery technique that uses a tool to generate a plasma arc within the wellbore, emitting heat and pressure waves. These waves clean perforations, increase permeability, and excite hydrocarbon molecules to increase mobility and reduce viscosity. It has been successfully used on over 200 wells worldwide to increase productivity with minimal costs and environmental impact compared to conventional EOR methods. While it cannot replace conventional methods, plasma pulse technology can help alleviate some of their challenges and its effects may be improved when combined with other techniques.
Application of Parabolic Trough Collectorfor Reduction of Pressure Drop in Oi...IJMER
Pipelines are the least expensive and most effective method for the oil transportation.
Due to high viscosity of crude oil, the pressure drop and pumping power requirements are very high.
So it is necessary to bring down the viscosity of crude oil. Heated pipelines are used reduce the oil
viscosity by increasing the oil temperature. Electrical heating and direct flame heating are the common
method used for heating the oil pipeline. In this work, a new application of Parabolic Trough Collector
in the field of oil pipeline transport is introduced for reducing pressure drop in oil pipelines. Oil
pipeline is heated by applying concentrated solar radiation on the pipe surface using a Parabolic
Trough Collector in which the oil pipeline acts as the absorber pipe. 3-D steady state analysis is
carried out on a heated oil pipeline using commercial CFD software package ANSYS Fluent 14.5. In
this work an effort is made to investigate the effect of concentrated solar radiation for reducing
pressure drop in the oil pipeline. The results from the numerical analysis shows that the pressure drop
in oil pipeline is get reduced by heating the pipe line using concentrated solar radiation. From this
work, the application of PTC in oil pipeline transportation is justified.
Approach to overcome_the_water_crossover_in_passiveaakash miya
The document discusses research on overcoming water crossover and flooding in passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). It first provides background on DMFCs and identifies their advantages and disadvantages. Key areas of research are reducing methanol and water crossover, increasing water backflow, and lowering costs. The literature review describes methods to reduce crossover like modifying membranes and gas diffusion layers. Several studies achieved breakthroughs in lowering crossover through techniques like a tailored membrane-electrode assembly. For DMFCs to be commercially viable, further breakthroughs are still needed to address limitations such as cost, degradation, and methanol crossover.
This document summarizes progress on low-voltage electrowetting using lubricated polymer honeycomb substrates. Introducing ethylene carbonate into the polymer matrix allowed an increase in sensitivity. A theoretical analysis of electrowetting thermodynamics on a liquid infused film was conducted. Experimental data fitting to theoretical curves estimated the specific capacity of the double layer. An analysis of viscous dissipation under the proposed electrowetting scheme was also presented.
The document discusses various types of coatings used for plastic films, paper, and metal foils. It describes common coating techniques like comma coating, reverse roll coating, and Myer bar coating. It also discusses surface treatment methods like corona treatment and plasma treatment that are used to increase adhesion of coatings. Barrier coatings used for paper are mentioned, which improve properties like printability, smoothness, gloss, and brightness.
Study on Thermo-Electric Generator and hydrogen recirculation on Solid Oxide ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses improving the efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) through waste heat recovery and hydrogen recirculation. It proposes using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to convert the waste heat from SOFCs into electricity, which would then power electrolysis of the SOFCs' water byproduct to produce hydrogen. This hydrogen could be recirculated back into the SOFCs. The document also discusses using a multi-stage configuration with SOFCs and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to further improve efficiency. MATLAB simulations were used to analyze the efficiency gains from waste heat recovery and hydrogen recirculation in SOFC systems. The results suggest this approach could increase SOFC system
SPEECH EMOTION RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING RNNIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze heat transfer in a tube-in-tube helical coil heat exchanger with different nanofluid materials.
2. Simulations were run with Al2O3/water and CuO/water nanofluids at various inlet velocities to analyze parameters like temperature, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient.
3. The results showed that using Al2O3/water nanofluids improved heat transfer compared to using water alone, while CuO/water nanofluids decreased heat transfer. Higher inlet velocities also improved heat transfer due to increased turbulence.
Penga Ž, Tolj I, Barbir F, Computational fluid dynamics study of PEM fuel cel...Željko Penga
This computational fluid dynamics study examines PEM fuel cell performance under isothermal and non-uniform temperature boundary conditions. The study finds that implementing a non-uniform temperature profile along the cathode channel, as calculated from a Mollier h-u chart, results in close to 100% relative humidity without external humidification and improves fuel cell performance. The model polarization curve and relative humidity distribution agree well with experimental results. Different current collector materials and membrane thickness influence temperature and relative humidity distributions through their effects on thermal conductivity and water transport.
Penga Ž, Tolj I, Barbir F, Computational fluid dynamics study of PEM fuel cel...Željko Penga
This document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a segmented proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) under different temperature boundary conditions. The study found that using a non-uniform temperature profile along the cathode channel, calculated from experimental data, resulted in close to 100% relative humidity and improved fuel cell performance without external humidification. The CFD model predictions of polarization curve and relative humidity distribution agreed well with experimental results. Material properties like thermal conductivity were found to influence temperature and humidity distributions. Membrane thickness also affected net water transport and distributions. Implementing more accurate non-uniform temperature boundary conditions is important for modeling higher current densities with partially humidified reactants.
Dynamic performance of a high temperature pem fuel cell e an experimental studyMohsen Rostami
The document experimentally studies the dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell under varying current loads. It finds that the cell exhibits hysteresis in polarization curves when current is swept from low to high and back. Under anodic flow-through operation, voltage undershoots and overshoots are less severe at high currents. The peak performance is higher under anodic dead-end operation, but decreases after purging and the shape of the dynamic voltage curve is similar under different purging intervals.
Similar to Structure, Model and Energy Conservation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.