Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Joint mobilization refers to a technique of manual therapy by which a therapist applies a brief stretch of 30s or less through traction and gliding along a joint surface.
Basic Introduction about Joint Mobilisation and Manipulation, This article gives clear notes for the students to understand the Mobilisation techniques.
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Myofascial release refers to the manual
technique for stretching the fascia and
releasing bonds between fascia and
Lintegument, musles,and bones, with the goal of
eliminating pain, increasing range of motion
and balancing the body.
a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.
A very old school of manual therapy which comprises of two main principle centralization and peripheralization thought given by Robin McKenzie. The slideshow explain theoretical and practical part of both entire spine and extremities as well
Goniometry is the measuring of angles created by the bones of the body at the joints.1, 2, 3
The term goniometry is derived from two Greek words, gonia meaning angle and metron, meaning measure. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
System to measure the joint ranges in each plane of the joint is termed goniometry. 4
These measurements are done with instrument such as goniometer, a tape measure, inclinometers or by visual estimate.
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
Myofascial release refers to the manual
technique for stretching the fascia and
releasing bonds between fascia and
Lintegument, musles,and bones, with the goal of
eliminating pain, increasing range of motion
and balancing the body.
a detailed description on theory behind Strength duration curve, along with procedure for plotting SD Curve and measuring the Rheobase and Chronaxie of the plotted graph.
A very old school of manual therapy which comprises of two main principle centralization and peripheralization thought given by Robin McKenzie. The slideshow explain theoretical and practical part of both entire spine and extremities as well
Goniometry is the measuring of angles created by the bones of the body at the joints.1, 2, 3
The term goniometry is derived from two Greek words, gonia meaning angle and metron, meaning measure. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
System to measure the joint ranges in each plane of the joint is termed goniometry. 4
These measurements are done with instrument such as goniometer, a tape measure, inclinometers or by visual estimate.
An overview of the major materials used in aeronautical and automotive structures will be given in this section. The mechanical and physical properties of the materials will be highlighted, with an emphasis placed on the stiffness versus density and strength versus density of various materials.
In this section the concept of stress will be introduced, and this will be applied to components that are in a state of tension, compression, and shear. Strain measurement methods will also be briefly discussed.
Mobility and Flexibility of soft tissues (muscles, tendons, fascia, joint capsule, and skins) surrounding the joint along with adequate joint mobility, are necessary for normal ROM.
Mobility: is the ability of segments of the body to move through range of motion for functional activities.
Flexibility: is the ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain –free ROM.
A basic stretching to perform also needs perfect guidance because of presence of various types of stretching techniques. It is very important treatment or preventive measure also performed as warm up or cool down before any game.
Stretching for impaired mobility by Sayed MurtazaFakhryDon
The students should be able to know Impaired mobility stretching, and they also understand contractures, types of contractures, defining the mobility, flexibility, and hypo-mobility. THANK YOU
NASM Integrated Flexibility Continuum
Corrective Flexibility: This phase is designed to correct common postural dysfunctions, muscle imbalances, and joint dysfunction. It includes: SMR and static stretching (and neuromuscular stretching if trained in technique). ... This includes SMR and dynamic stretching.
;Passive movements are those which are performed by therapist. It is also called Passive Range of motion (PROM). It is divide into Five types .Also passive movements can be done by mechanically.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Functional ROM : It is often defined as the ability of
structures or segments of the body to move or be moved
to allow the presence of range of motion for functional
activities
Functional Mobility: It can also be defined as the ability
of an individual to initiate, control, or sustain active
movements of the body to perform simple to complex
motor skills
Mobility: It relates to functional ROM, is associated with
joint integrity as well as the flexibility (i.e., extensibility of
soft tissues that cross or surround joints—muscles,
tendons,fascia, joint capsules, ligaments, nerves, blood
vessels, skin), which are necessary for unrestricted,
pain-free movement of the body during functional tasks
of daily living.
3. Definition of Stretching
Stretching is a general term used to
describe any therapeutic maneuver
designed to increase the extensibility of
soft tissues, thereby improving flexibility by
elongating (lengthening) structures that
have adaptively shortened and have
become hypomobile over time
4. Hypomobility & Its Effects
Hypomobility refers to decreased mobility or
restricted motion. A wide range of pathological
processes can restrict movement and impair
mobility. There are many factors that may
contribute to hypomobility and stiffness of soft
tissues, the potential loss of ROM, and the
development of contractures.
Hypomobility (restricted motion) caused by
adaptive shortening of soft tissues can occur as
the result of many disorders or situations.
5. Prolonged immobilization of a body
segment
Sedentary lifestyle
Postural malalignment and muscle
imbalances
Impaired muscle performance (weakness)
associated with list of musculoskeletal or
neuromuscular disorders
Tissue trauma resulting in inflammation
and pain
Congenital or acquired deformities
7. Static Stretching:
Stretch the muscle to the point of slight or
mild discomfort (overload)
Hold each stretch for 10 to 30 seconds
Repeat the stretch 4 times
Flexibility exercise sessions should occur
3 to 5 times per week
8. Dynamic Stretching:
Most dangerous of the stretching
procedures
Involves the use of repetitive, bouncing.
Virtually abandoned
May lead to soreness and muscle injury
9. PNF Involves:
Isometric contraction
Contraction and relaxation phases (stretch
phase)
Normally performed with a partner
Hold the isometric contraction 6 seconds
Repeat 4 times each session
3-5 times per week
10. Alignment: positioning a limb or the body such
that the stretch force is directed to the
appropriate muscle group
Stabilization: fixation of one site of attachment
of the muscle as the stretch force is applied to
the other bony attachment
Intensity of stretch: magnitude of the stretch
force applied
Principles of Stretching
11. Duration of stretch: length of time the stretch
force is applied during a stretch cycle
Speed of stretch: speed of initial application of
the stretch force
Frequency of stretch: number of stretching
sessions per day or per week
Mode of stretch: form or manner in which the
stretch force is applied (static, ballistic, cyclic);
degree of patient participation (passive,
assisted, active); or the source of the stretch
force (manual, mechanical, self)
12. Alignment: Proper alignment or positioning of
the patient and the specific muscles and joints to
be stretched is necessary for patient comfort and
stability during stretching. Alignment influences
the amount of tension present in soft tissue and
consequently affects the ROM available in joints.
For eg: to stretch the rectus femoris (a muscle that
crosses two joints) effectively, as the knee is
flexed and the hip extended, the lumbar spine
and pelvis should be aligned in a neutral
position. The pelvis should not tilt anteriorly nor
should the low back hyperextend
13. Stabilization: To achieve an effective stretch of
a specific muscle or muscle group and
associated periarticular structures, it is
imperative to stabilize (fixate) either the proximal
or distal attachment site of the muscle-tendon
unit being elongated.
Example: when stretching the iliopsoas, the pelvis
and lumbar spine must maintain a neutral
position as the hip is extended to avoid stress to
the low back region. Sources of stabilization
include manual contacts, body weight, or a firm
surface such as a table, wall
14. The intensity (magnitude) of a stretch force is
determined by the load placed on soft tissue to
elongate it. There is general agreement among
clinicians and researchers that stretching should
be applied at a low intensity by means of a low
load.
Low-intensity stretching in comparison to high-
intensity stretching makes the stretching
maneuver more comfortable for the patient and
minimizes voluntary or involuntary muscle
guarding so a patient can either remain relaxed
or assist with the stretching maneuver.
Intensity of Stretch:
15. Low-intensity stretching (coupled with a long
duration of stretch) results in optimal rates of
improvement in ROM without exposing tissues,
possibly weakened by immobilization, to
excessive loads and potential injury
Low-intensity stretching has also been shown to
elongate dense connective tissue, a significant
component of chronic contractures, more
effectively and with less soft tissue damage and
post-exercise soreness than a high-intensity
stretch
16. The duration of stretch refers to the period of
time a stretch force is applied and shortened
tissues are held in a lengthened position.
Duration most often refers to how long a single
cycle of stretch is applied.
If more than one repetition of stretch (stretch
cycle) is carried out during a treatment session
(which is most often the case), the cumulative
time of all the stretch cycles is also considered
an aspect of duration
Duration of Stretch
17. In general, the shorter the duration of a single
stretch cycle, the greater the number of
repetitions applied during a stretching session
Ideal duration for a stretch cycle: 20-30
seconds
Example: Two repetitions daily of a 30-second
static stretch of the hamstrings yield significant
gains in hamstring flexibility similar to those
seen with six repetitions of 10-secondstatic
stretches daily
18. Classification of stretching according to duration of
stretch cycle i.e. long duration stretch and short
duration stretch:
Static Stretching: a commonly used method of
stretching in which soft tissues are elongated just past
the point of tissue resistance and then held in the
lengthened position with a sustained stretch force over
a period of time.
Other terms used interchangeably are sustained,
maintained, or prolonged stretching. The duration of
static stretch is predetermined prior to stretching or is
based on the patient’s tolerance and response during
the stretching procedure.
Used for *Manual Stretching technique
19. In research studies the term “static stretching”
has been linked to durations of a single stretch
cycle ranging from as few as 5 seconds to 5
minutes per repetition when either a manual
stretch or self-stretching procedure is employed
During static stretching it is thought that the
GTO, which monitors tension created by stretch
of a muscle-tendon unit, may contribute to
muscle elongation by overriding any facilitative
impulses from the primary afferents of the
muscle spindle (Ia afferent fibers) and may
contribute to muscle relaxation by inhibiting
tension in the contractile units of the muscle
being stretched.
20. Static Progressive Stretching: Static
progressive stretching is another term that
describes how static stretch is applied for
maximum effectiveness. The shortened soft
tissues are comfortably held in a lengthened
position until a degree of relaxation is felt by the
patient or therapist.
Then the shortened tissues are incrementally
lengthened even further and again held in the
new end-range position for an additional
duration of time.
This approach involves continuous displacement
of a limb by varying the stretch force (stretch
load).
21. Cyclic (Intermittent) Stretching: Short duration
stretch cycle. A relatively short-duration stretch
force that is repeatedly but gradually applied,
released, and then reapplied is described as a
cyclic (intermittent) stretch
Cyclic stretching, by its very nature, is applied for
multiple repetitions (stretch cycles) during a
single treatment session. With cyclic stretching
the end-range stretch force is applied at a slow
velocity, in a controlled manner, and at relatively
low intensity. For these reasons, cyclic stretching
is not synonymous with ballistic stretching, which
is characterized by high-velocity movements.
22. Speed of Stretching: To ensure optimal muscle
relaxation and prevent injury to tissues, the
speed of stretch should be slow. The stretch
force should be applied and released gradually.
Slowly applied stretch is less likely to increase
tensile stresses on connective tissues or to
activate the stretch reflex and increase tension
in the contractile structures of the muscle being
stretched
Stretch force applied at a low velocity is also
easier for the therapist or patient to control and
is therefore safer than a high-velocity stretch.
23. Frequency of Stretching: refers to the number
of bouts (sessions) per day or per week a patient
carries out a stretching regimen.
The recommended frequency of stretching is
often based on the underlying cause of impaired
mobility, the quality and level of healing of
tissues, the chronicity and severity of a
contracture, as well as a patient’s age.
3 to 5 repetitions per session and done 3 times a
week is considered as adequate for gaining
improvements in the flexibility of soft tissues.
Further the decision relies upon the therapist
according to the clinical scenario
25. Manual Stretching: During manual stretching a
therapist or other trained practitioner applies an
external force to move the involved body
segment slightly beyond the point of tissue
resistance and available ROM.
The therapist manually controls the site of
stabilization as well as the direction, speed,
intensity, and duration of stretch.
Remember, stretching and ROM exercises are
not synonymous terms. Stretching takes soft
tissue structures beyond their available length to
increase ROM.
26. Manual stretching usually employs a controlled,
end-range, static or progressive stretch applied
at an intensity consistent with the patient’s
comfort level, held for 15 to 60 seconds and
repeated for at least several repetitions.
Manual stretching may be most appropriate in
the early stages of a stretching program when a
therapist wants to determine how a patient
responds to varying intensities or durations of
stretch
Manual stretching performed passively is an
appropriate choice for a therapist or caregiver if
a patient cannot perform self-stretching owing to
a lack of neuromuscular control of the body
segment to be stretched.
27. Self Stretching: Self-stretching (also referred to
as flexibility exercises or active stretching) is a
type of stretching procedure a patient carries out
independently after careful instruction and
supervised practice.
This form of stretching is often an integral
component of a home exercise program and is
necessary for long-term self-management of
many musculoskeletal and neuromuscular
disorders.
Teaching a patient to carry out self-stretching
procedures correctly and safely is fundamental
for preventing re-injury or future dysfunction.
28. Proper alignment of the body or body segments
is critical for effective self-stretching.
Every effort should be made to see that
restricted structures are stretched specifically
and that adjacent structures are not
overstretched.
The guidelines for the intensity, speed, duration,
and frequency of stretch that apply to manual
stretching are also appropriate for self-
stretching procedures.
Static stretching with a 30- to 60-second
duration per repetition is considered the safest
type of stretching for a self-stretching program
29.
30. Mechanical Stretching: Mechanical stretching
devices apply a very low intensity stretch force
(low load) over a prolonged period of time to
create relatively permanent lengthening of soft
tissues, presumably due to plastic deformation.
The equipment can be as simple as a cuff
weight or weight-pulley system or as
sophisticated as some adjustable orthoses or
automated stretching machines.
These mechanical stretching devices provide
either a constant load with variable displacement
or constant displacement with variable loads.
31. Mechanical stretching involves a substantially
longer overall duration of stretch than is practical
with manual stretching or self-stretching
exercises.
The duration of mechanical stretch reported in
the literature ranges from 15 to 30 minutes
The longer durations of stretch are required for
patients with chronic contractures as the result
of neurological or musculoskeletal disorders
Devices which are commonly used for
mechanical stretching are weight cuffs,
mechanical pulley devices with springs, CPM
and orthosis such as serial casts or splins