The document discusses the benefits of adopting a holistic medical approach. Some key aspects of institutions that teach holistic medicine according to the document are that they would encourage practices like meditation, yoga, a vegetarian diet and spending time around certain plants. The curriculum for such institutions would include introductory courses on holistic health and treatment would involve experts from different medical systems and specialties.
Trends and issues in medical surgical nursing pptseema dhiman
current trends and issues in medical surgical nursing is quite important on the basis of improvement of care based on new technologies and situation.
Trends and issues in medical-surgical nursing
What do you mean by issues?
What do you mean by trends?
INTRODUCTION- Nursing has been called the oldest of the art, and the youngest of the profession. As such, it has gone through many stages and has been an integral part of social movements. Nursing has been involved in in the existing culture, shaped by it and yet beeping to develop it. The trend analysis and future scenarios provide a basis for sound decision making through mapping of possible futures and aiming to create preferred futures.
The world health organization (who) has been considering the future and predicts that by 2000 the world experiences:
Major growth in the elderly population
Decline in birth rate, especially in western counteries
Increase in chronic illness
Continuing social unrest
AIDS a major problem
Many infectious diseases under control
Mental health a key issue
Poverty continuing to plague mach of the world
TRENDS IN NURSING: Education changes due to changes in demographics
2. Embracing of technology
3. Advancements in communication and technology
4. Working with more educated consumers
5. Increasing complexity of patient care
. Increased cost of health care
7. Changes in federal and state regulation
8. Interdisciplinary skills
9. Nurses working beyond retirement age
10. Advances in nursing and science research.
TRANSITIONS TAKING PLACE IN HEALTH CARE: Curative - Preventive approach
Specialized care - Primary health care
Medical diagnosis - Patient emphasis
Discipline stovepipes - Programme stovepipes
Professional identity - Team identity
Trial and error - Evidence based practice
Self – regulation - Questioning of professions
Focus on quality - Focus on costs
IN THE WORKPLACE: High tech - Humanistic
Competition - Cooperation
Need to supervise - Caching, mentoring
Hierarchies - Decentralized approach
IN NURSING: Continued competencies - Competencies a condition
Hospital environment - Community environment
Quality as excellence - Quality as safe
Clear role - Blurring roles
Trends and issues in medical surgical nursing pptseema dhiman
current trends and issues in medical surgical nursing is quite important on the basis of improvement of care based on new technologies and situation.
Trends and issues in medical-surgical nursing
What do you mean by issues?
What do you mean by trends?
INTRODUCTION- Nursing has been called the oldest of the art, and the youngest of the profession. As such, it has gone through many stages and has been an integral part of social movements. Nursing has been involved in in the existing culture, shaped by it and yet beeping to develop it. The trend analysis and future scenarios provide a basis for sound decision making through mapping of possible futures and aiming to create preferred futures.
The world health organization (who) has been considering the future and predicts that by 2000 the world experiences:
Major growth in the elderly population
Decline in birth rate, especially in western counteries
Increase in chronic illness
Continuing social unrest
AIDS a major problem
Many infectious diseases under control
Mental health a key issue
Poverty continuing to plague mach of the world
TRENDS IN NURSING: Education changes due to changes in demographics
2. Embracing of technology
3. Advancements in communication and technology
4. Working with more educated consumers
5. Increasing complexity of patient care
. Increased cost of health care
7. Changes in federal and state regulation
8. Interdisciplinary skills
9. Nurses working beyond retirement age
10. Advances in nursing and science research.
TRANSITIONS TAKING PLACE IN HEALTH CARE: Curative - Preventive approach
Specialized care - Primary health care
Medical diagnosis - Patient emphasis
Discipline stovepipes - Programme stovepipes
Professional identity - Team identity
Trial and error - Evidence based practice
Self – regulation - Questioning of professions
Focus on quality - Focus on costs
IN THE WORKPLACE: High tech - Humanistic
Competition - Cooperation
Need to supervise - Caching, mentoring
Hierarchies - Decentralized approach
IN NURSING: Continued competencies - Competencies a condition
Hospital environment - Community environment
Quality as excellence - Quality as safe
Clear role - Blurring roles
This ppt contains all the information about the Modes of intervention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
The aspirations, duties and missions; no more remain “his” or “her”! The mission thus gets freed from the subjective attachment (often resulting fanaticism), infatuations and frustrations; and blossoms; into the aspirations of the entire universe (cosmic will); in true sense.
The addictions and negative thoughts usually reduce one's self esteem and create self doubt and deter one from namasmaran. Hence it is said that irrespective of how you are; start and persist on the practice of namasmaran (jaap or Jap). Practice of namasmaran itself clears the doubts and deterrent negative thoughts and develops the necessary conviction.
This ppt contains all the information about the Modes of intervention. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
The aspirations, duties and missions; no more remain “his” or “her”! The mission thus gets freed from the subjective attachment (often resulting fanaticism), infatuations and frustrations; and blossoms; into the aspirations of the entire universe (cosmic will); in true sense.
The addictions and negative thoughts usually reduce one's self esteem and create self doubt and deter one from namasmaran. Hence it is said that irrespective of how you are; start and persist on the practice of namasmaran (jaap or Jap). Practice of namasmaran itself clears the doubts and deterrent negative thoughts and develops the necessary conviction.
But that is exactly what is MAYA; according to saints, who advise us to be steadfast in the practice of NAMASMARAN; even as the people continue in their activities; according to their stages of development; and the trillions of our body cells continue in anabolic and catabolic activities!
It is true that the creative geniuses in different fields contribute to the universal blossoming without practicing NAMASMARAN. But do these people reach the root cause of the individual and universal problems or rather; the root of universe?
Stress culture and language dr. shriniwas janardan kashalikarshriniwas kashalikar
Language; of a person, who has sin (pettiness, jealousy and meekness) in his heart i.e. who lacks holistic perspective of individual and global blossoming; is sharp, biting, burning, scalding, and unconcerned and unbothered about anyone’s true welfare!
These solutions are honest and holistic. But; they can be improved; and many better solutions also; can also be provided; by experts in different fields; if their third eye of cosmic consciousness is opened; through NAMASMARAN.
Thus; MEDIATTION, YOGA and NAMASMARAN; are inseparable from; physical, psychomotor, productive, instinctual, emotional, intellectual, creative and spiritual study and practices; linked with; study and application of the holistic solutions in the fields of health, education, agriculture, art, industry, economy, education, environment; which is called holistic renaissance, superliving or Total Stress Management.
NAMASMARAN sets free an individual from the state of inflated ego and the fancy of being a guru or a savior; and thus overcome the behavioral aberrations. In this way; it empowers one; to actually realize the truth; and contribute in his/her field; to the individual and global blossoming!
Obesity namasmaran and weight loss dr. shriniwas janardan kashalikarshriniwas kashalikar
The concept of holistic renaissance embodies holistic health, holistic medicine, holistic education, holistic agriculture etc. Universal practice of NAMASMARAN in the past, present and future; is a universal mega fountain of ambrosia that can enliven, empower, unite and harmonize the habitants of the world and is inseparably associated with holistic renaissance.
Bhovara (marathi bestseller autobiography) dr. shriniwas kashalikarshriniwas kashalikar
Millions have appreciated this true and thrilling story of the practical and conceptual development of Total Stress Management i.e. superliving; narrated by Dr. Shriniwas Kashalikar in Marathi!
Namasmaran; by virtue of its almost universal acceptability, simplicity, non-technicality and inexpensiveness has the potential to be beneficial in stress management, to majority of people in the world, irrespective of age, sex, occupation, socioeconomic stratum, race, religion, culture, ideology, nationality.
It is exactly due to this; that nations like India and her inhabitants, who boast on their spiritual heritage; have vast majority of people living helplessly in abysmal conditions.
The only way; is to evolve and implement holistic perspective, policies, plans and programs; in all the fields, at all the levels and in all the situations. This is possible; if we immunize and detoxify ourselves; with the most effective vaccine and antidote; the NAMASMARAN! This would deter us from promoting stress; and enable us to promote holistic health!
Dr. Shriniwas Kashalikar’s bestseller on holistic medicine i.e. study, practice and training; in unity and complementarity of different disciplines of healing; is an example of the immense benevolent potentials of holistic perspective; and a blessing to mankind!
Dr. Shriniwas Kashalikar’s bestseller on holistic medicine i.e. study, practice and training; in unity and complementarity of different disciplines of healing; is an example of the immense benevolent potentials of holistic perspective; and a blessing to mankind!
Reiki first degree or level manual for all those who have empowered to this level. It gives insight into the methodology, history and personalities of Reiki. It outlines the qualification and the way to conduct reiki session. It bestows explanation in detail about alternative modalities and its recognition.
The book gives insight about:
1. Unique Features Of Reiki Energy & Therapy
2. Qualifications For Healer And Patient
3. Do and Don’t of Healing
4. Daily Routine Of The Healer
5. Reiki Healing Session
6. Reiki Hand Positions With Illustration
7. Reiki Treatment Using Chakras
8. Vitamins and Minerals content in Foods
9. Reiki Meditations
Links to buy the book:
http://rajeshnanoo.com/books.html
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE.docx PTT. Slide shareKoudomJoycy
I'm a student of dental therapy at the university institute of science and technology of Yaoundé in Cameroon YAOUNDE willing to upload this doc in other for me to download another one for the purposes of my studies. History to be above the lecturer . I will wish to work hard in order to have a good note and postulate for a scholarship at the exterior of my country Cameron for a better formation si that I can come back and serve my country and show what I am capable of doing
CoAuthor: Christa Maria Joel, Meera Ann John, Suzanna Rimai, Sneha Antony, Viona DSouza.
Moderator- Dr. Saurabh Kumar
Department of Community Medicine
Father Muller Medical College
3rd Year MBBS
EXCELLENT PRESENTATION !!!
this is a presentation for the different complementary and alternative medicine
a concise yet very informative presentation .
every question will be answered
complementary medicine, alternative medicine, integrated medicine, complementary and alternative health practices, acupuncture, acupressure, accupuncture, yoga, Ayurveda practices, homeopathic, why alternative medicine, why complemenatry medicine, reason for alternative or complementary medicine, reasons adult use CAM, definition , scope, how many use, prevalnce, epidemiology, mind body practices, tai chi, hypnosis, meditation,
Body Balance "The Holistic Homeostatis" for Instant Pain Relief.SRIKRISHAN Sharma
To promote (SEEEQ) Safety, Education, Efficacy, Efficiency, Quality, of Holistic Health Care Systems through cost effective TCAM, Integrative medicine, Complementary & Alternative medicine, Indigenous, Traditional Medicine and Wellness Services we have designed, promogated and developed wonderful healing system “Body Balance”. The Homeostasis in a general sense which, refers to stability, balance or equilibrium. It is the body's attempt to maintain a constant internal environment which requires constant monitoring and adjustments as conditions change outside the body. This adjusting of physiological systems within the body is called homeostatic regulation. The Most Important in Life e is Balance. Balance of Inner and Outer Side of You. Balance refers to an optimum state of mind between calm and alert.
Sir, with our efforts we have designed unique Balancing System covering all the universal Manipulative and body-based systems are divided into three subcategories; (i) chiropractic, sacrum- spinal manipulation; (ii) massage and body work (osteopathic manipulative therapy. kinesiology, reflexology, Alexander technique, rolling, Chinese tui na massage and acupressure), and (iii) unconventional physical therapies (hydro therapy, colonies, diathermy, light and color therapy. heat and electrotherapy, trigger point therapy). Once the Balance is done pain immediately reduces and “Energy and persistence conquer all things in a Balancing State”.
For the country like India this is unique therapy without any additional burden on the pockets and can be integrated or complemented for both the conventional and indigenous system of medicines. All the existing creed of doctor can be up-graded to this new skill for instant relief & better results.
Individualisation, A Medico Social and Psychological Approachijtsrd
The Earth! 4th planet of the solar system and suppose to be only planet that supports lives which makes it the most unique and separate from rest of the planet but that doesn't mean other planet are less. Every planet has its own unique character that makes it different. Exactly in a same way we are 7.6 billion i.e 7,600,000,000 people heads breathing, walking, talking, working in the Earth, just like those nine planets with there on uniqueness we are humans with our own complex body mechanism and functions. No doubt we all belong to same species but we too differ in our genetic makeup, response, appearance, emotion, expressions, voice, culture, traditions, response to diseases, fingerprints, our cuisine, personality trait, rituals, dressing, habits, hobbies, mental ability etcetera. So the question here is why there is same medical technology, medical approach, and same medical protocol for every human being We will totally agree with the fact that we all are different in one way or the other and our body needs and demands vary from person to person still there no change in the treatment procedures. As we are advancing with our lifestyle so as the diseases, and our approaches are making those causative agents more and more resistance which is helping to adapt with the new environment. This brings the need of individualising the technology to every extent possible using the medico social and psychological approach. So that we'll be able eradicate not just the symptoms but the disease in whole. Swastika Subba | Dr. Sinchan Das "Individualisation, A Medico-Social and Psychological Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26359.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/26359/individualisation-a-medico-social-and-psychological-approach/swastika-subba
समाजात; आणि विशेषत: सर्व प्रकारच्या सत्ताकेंद्रांत जेवढे नामस्मरण वाढेल, तेवढ्या अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात समाजामधील सर्व स्तरांवरील क्रिया आणि प्रतिक्रिया अधिकाधिक पूर्वग्रहरहित (न्यायपूर्ण) आणि म्हणून कल्याणकारक होतात आणि व्यक्ती आणि समाजाचा सर्वांगीण विकास वेगाने होऊ लागतो.
ज्याप्रमाणे चुलीमुळे आग नियंत्रित होते आणि तिची धग भांड्याला नीटपणे लागून अन्न वेळेमध्ये शिजते, त्याचप्रमाणे जीवनातील सर्व भोगांची आणि उपभोगांची धग नामस्मरणरुपी चुलीमुळे अंतरात्म्याकडे पोचते आणि अंतरात्म्यामध्ये समाधानरुपी अन्न शिजू लागते. साहजिकच आपले, आपल्या कुटुंबियांचे आणि समाजाचे समाधान होऊ लागते! ज्याप्रमाणे चुली आणि त्यांच्यातील आग कमी जास्त असते, त्याचप्रमाणे नामसाधकांच्या प्रगतीचे टप्पे देखील वेगवेगळे असतात. पण नामस्मरणाने समाधानाकडे वाटचाल होऊ लागते; हे केवळ सद्गुरू ब्रह्मचैतन्य श्री गोंदवलेकर महाराजांच्याच नव्हे तर सर्वच संत महात्म्यांच्या शिकवणीचे त्रिवार सत्य असे सार आहे.
ह्या अमृताचा अगदी अंशत: अनुभव देखील जीवन झळाळून टाकणारा असतो आणि तो येण्यासाठी चित्तशुद्धी होत राहण्याची आवश्यकता असते. ही चित्तशुद्धी नामस्मरणाद्वारे होत जाते आणि ती चित्तशुद्धी देखील कोणत्याही बाह्य लक्षणाने ओळखता येत नाही आणि दाखविता येत नाही!
नामसंकल्पयुक्त नामस्मरणाचे चैतन्याधिष्ठान आणि सद्गुरुंची गोड ओढ; यानी रटाळ क्षण उत्साहवर्धक बनतो, कंटाळवाणा दिवस सण बनतो आणि निरर्थक आयुष्य कृतार्थ बनते! कुणीही हे करून पाहिले तर याचा अनुभव येऊ शकेल.
होय! अशी एक पायाभूत सुविधा आहे! पूर्णपणे बिनखर्चाची, कुणाचेही अंत:करण आणि आणि अस्मिता न दुखावणारी आणि सर्वांनाच सहज शक्य अशी ही सुविधा आहे. ह्या सुविधेद्वारे सद्विचार, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सत्संकल्प आणि विश्वकल्याणकारी आणि सतत विकसित होणारी सत्कार्ये अविरतपणे घडू लागतात. प्रत्येक व्यक्ती समाधानी आणि कृतार्थ होऊ लागते. अशी अत्याधिक अत्यावश्यक पायाभूत सुविधा म्हणजे नामस्मरण
“नाम घेणाऱ्याला सत्कर्म टाळू म्हणता टाळता येत नाही” असे जेव्हां सद्गुरू श्री. ब्रह्मचैतन्य महाराज गोंदवलेकर म्हणतात, तेव्हां त्यांमध्ये वरील सर्वकाही अंतर्भूत आहे, म्हणजेच वेळ, पैसा आणि शक्ती यांचे (अर्थात आयुष्याचे) सर्वोत्तम व्यवस्थापन अनुस्यूत आहे!
परंतु पूर्वजन्मीच्या किंवा ह्या जन्मीच्या नामस्मरणाने; स्वत:च्या आणि इतरांच्या कल्याणाविषयी जी वैचारिक स्पष्टता येते ती स्पष्टता, जी गोड आणि उत्कट आस्था तयार होते ती आस्था, आणि त्या अनुरोधाने जी मन:पूर्वक कृती घडते ती कृती; ह्या तीनही बाबी मात्र हृदयाच्या अगदी जवळ असतात.
१. केवळ वाचन आणि चर्चेने नामस्मरणाच्या ह्या विश्वकल्याणकारी सामर्थ्याची संकल्पना काही प्रमाणात येऊ शकेल, पण त्याची प्रचीती येण्यासाठी नामस्मरण करणेच अत्यावश्यक आहे. किंबहुना, नामस्मरणाला पर्याय नाही असे म्हटले तरी ते अतिशयोक्त ठरणार नाही!
आपणा सर्वांना निकोप जीवनासाठी आणि जीवनाच्या सार्थकतेसाठी नामस्मरणाची, श्रीक्षेत्र गोंदवल्याची आणि अश्या प्रसाद व महाप्रसादाची अत्यंत तीव्र आणि निकडीची गरज आहे!
नामस्मरण करत प्रसाद किंवा महाप्रसाद वाढणारे आणि ग्रहण करणारे सर्वच जण ईश्वराप्रती किंवा आपल्या सद्गुरुप्रती कृतज्ञ असतात आणि कृतार्थ असतात! यातून परस्परांच्या कल्याणाची सद्वासना, सद्भावना, सद्विचार, आणि सत्संकल्प यांचे पोषण होऊन सर्वांचे उत्थान अधिक जोमाने गतिमान होते.
सद्गुरू श्री. ब्रह्मचैतन्य गोंदवलेकर महाराज म्हणतात, "आंधळ्याने पाणी भरावे तसे नाम घ्यावे. भांडे भरले किती आणि रिकामे किती, हे त्याला समजत नाही. तो भरतच राहतो. तसे नाम सतत घेत राहावे. देहाच्या कणाकणातून नामाचा ध्वनी केव्हाही यावा इतके नाम घ्यावे. सुरुवातीला रामनाम असे मुरले की पुन्हा जास्त लक्ष द्यावे लागत नाही. आपोआप देहाचे सारे कण नामजप करतात."
आम्ही सर्वच माध्यमवाल्यांनी नामस्मरणाचा अत्यंत आस्थेने अभ्यास, अगत्यपूर्वक अंगिकार आणि जीव तोडून प्रसार केला पाहिजे ह्याची खोलवर आणि तीव्र जाणीव झाली आणि त्यातच आमचे आणि सर्वांचे भले आहे ह्याबद्दल खात्री झाली!!
तुमची परम कृपा मात्र प्राणवायूप्रमाणे चिरंतन, चैतन्यमय, स्फूर्तिदायी आणि शाश्वत समाधान देणारी आहे! नामस्मरणाच्या आणि तज्जन्य सद्बुद्धीच्या, सद्भावनांच्या, सद्वासनांच्या, सत्संकल्पांच्या आणि सत्कर्माच्या रूपाने ती माझ्यासारख्या सर्वांना उपलब्ध झाली आहे!
श्रीराम समर्थ!
सतत नामस्मरण घडू लागले, गुरुची सत्ता पदोपदी जाणवू लागली, गुरुचे सानिध्य क्षणोक्षणी जाणवू लागले, जगण्याची उमेद वाढली, आजारपणाची आणि मृत्त्युची भीती गेली; आणि विशेष म्हणजे; ह्यापेक्षा वेगळे ध्येय गाठण्याची व त्यासाठी अधिक काही करण्याची उर्मी गेली तर तोच साक्षात्कार नाही का?
ह्यामुळे आहे त्या परिस्थितीत नामस्मरण टिकू लागते आणि वाढू लागते! आश्चर्याची बाब म्हणजे आपल्या लक्षात येऊ लागते की हीच ती खरी शांतता, खरी विश्रांती आणि हीच ती (स्वत:, इतर आणि परिस्थिती यांच्यामधल्या) खऱ्या सुधारणेची ईश्वरी प्रक्रिया!
Our Sadguru Shri Brahmachaitanya Maharaj Gondavalekar said, “Trust that the practice of NAMASMARAN as prescribed by Guru would emancipate the universe! Lord Rama would bless!”
नामाच्या सत्तेनेच आपल्या कळत-नकळत; सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार; म्हणजेच सद्गुरू ब्रह्मचैतन्य श्री. गोंदवलेकर महाराजांना अभिप्रेत असलेली संस्कृती आणि सुधारणा; व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवनात अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात आविष्कृत होत असतात!
पण काळजी करण्याचे कारण नाही. आपल्या इच्छे-अनिच्छेपलिकडे; विश्वचैतन्याची जननी आपली गुरुमाउली सर्व बऱ्या वाईट प्रसंगात आपल्याला सांभाळून आपल्याला चैतन्यामृतपान करवीत आहे. आपल्याकडून नामस्मरण आणि स्वधर्मपालन वाढत्या प्रमाणात करवीत आहे. सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार यांनी आपले व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवन अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात भरून टाकीत आहे! नामस्मरण करता करता आपल्याला नक्कीच याचा अनुभव येतो!
पण; काळजी करण्याचे कारण नाही. आपल्या इच्छे-अनिच्छेपलिकडे; विश्वचैतन्याची जननी आपली गुरुमाउली सर्व बऱ्या वाईट प्रसंगात आपल्याला सांभाळून आपल्याला चैतन्यामृतपान करवीत आहे. आपल्याकडून नामस्मरण आणि स्वधर्मपालन वाढत्या प्रमाणात करवीत आहे. सदभिरुची, सदिच्छा, सत्संकल्प, सत्प्रेरणा, सत्बुद्धी, सद्भावना, सद्वासना, सदाचार यांनी आपले व्यक्तिगत आणि सामाजिक जीवन अधिकाधिक प्रमाणात भरून टाकीत आहे! नामस्मरण करता करता आपल्याला नक्कीच याचा अनुभव येतो!
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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2. The stress is unavoidable turbulence within us. One of the
factors leading to such stress or turbulence in us; is non-
availability of holistic medical assessment, investigations and
treatment under one roof. The only way to manage this kind of
stress is international and national policy of adopting holistic
medicine in mainstream medical education, training, practice
and research.
Our stress would certainly be managed if we actually witness
development of medical institutions, which would engage in
teaching, training, practice and research of holistic medicine
and holistic health care.
The most essential and the core aspect (and also the asset) of
these institutions would be that; everyone involved in them
would be encouraged to practice NAMASMARAN. The
practice of NAMASMARAN could vary as per one’s religious
beliefs.
Second characteristic would be encouragement to practice of
PRANAYAMA.
The third feature would be encouragement of vegetarianism.
The food served on campus to the patients and the staff
members; would be vegetarian and would include green
vegetable, fruits, roots, tubers, different grains, spouted beans,
and different variety of nuts, different oils, cow milk and
plenty of drinking water.
3. Drinking water would be available in earthen pots (matkas)
and the fridge water would best be avoided.
There would be plantations of herbs such as tulsi, neem, bel,
kmari, gulvel, aghada, putrajeevak, shivalingi, kadamba,
lemon grass, pudina, jaswandi, pipal, banyan etc and other
edible fruits and vegetables also.
There would be quotes, portraits, photos, paintings, specimens,
murals of (from Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy; of scientists,
instruments, techniques, herbs etc), which would empower,
inspire and motivate the patients, the students the staff
members for working together to blossom one another!
The curriculum would include compulsory introductory course
as a foundation in which holistic approach, holistic medicine,
holistic health are introduced and explained; so as to inculcate
the unity amidst apparent diversity of people as well as medical
systems, so as to enable everyone; to appreciate the
contribution of every walk of life and every system of medicine
in contributing to holistic health.
The OPD and IN DOOR treatment would be in consultation
with the experts from different systems of medicine and
different specialties. Different modalities of treatment (under
the supervision and control of experts) such as yoga,
pranayama, panchakarma, shatkarma, naturopathy; besides;
4. physiotherapy, intensive care, surgery and rehabilitation
would be available.
There would be a team of doctors to advise the local, state and
central governments; on designing and implementing policies
in different fields such as agriculture, industries, education,
information and broadcasting; and so on; for achieving holistic
health, on routine basis as well as during critical periods such
as endemics, epidemics and pandemics.
To be edited and other details to be added…..