Objective: The objective of the paper is the study of maximumshear forces and bendingmoments of soil interaction of different types of foundations.made to study the effect of soil structure interaction of a multiisolated foundation and strip foundation systems resting on clay soil. The building was
analyzed by equivalent static method using STAAD Prosoftware for building with rigid base.ANSYS 12.0 is used for analyzing the building for effect of soifoundation and strip foundation.resting on earthquakeprone region, the soil structure interaction must be considered inanalysis. Foundation is a part of structure in whichis found that by considering the soil structure interaction the shear force and bending momentsof strip foundation are very less than isolated foundation.
EFFECT OF SOIL INTERACTION ON 3×3 BUILDING FRAME EMBEDDED IN MULTILAYERED SOILIAEME Publication
Objectives: To study the
multilayered soil. Methods/Analysis:the pile foundation is analyzed in ANSYS. The effect about soilstructure interface on thedisplacement of columns in theconnected by means of thoseobtained on or after thesoilstructural analysis and theconservative
method of analysis. Soil non-linearity inside the horizontaldirection is performed by means of Pcurves. Findings: These curves are developed using Matlock and API(American PetroleumInstitute) equations. And the results shows that the values obtained from SSI for bending moment,
shear force and deflection are more than that of without SSI.
interaction on a building frame embedded in multilayered soil
types of piles and number of bays andout for the differenttypes of soils using ANSYS
Finite element analysis of frame with soil structure interactioneSAT Journals
Abstract
For the analysis of a building frame, the columns at the foundation level are considered as fixed. But in real condition it is not the case. While considering soil in the analysis of building frame 100% fixity may not be ensured. Because of the settlement and rotation of foundation, shear force and bending moment in superstructure get altered. This effect is called as “Soil Structure Interaction” Present work is to study behavior of bare frame & in-filled frame having soil beneath. In these cases three types of soils are considered, soft, medium stiff and hard. Also in-filled panel is of brick masonry only. Various cases frames are studied. The following are the cases:
1] Analysis of bare frame with soil.2] Analysis of In-filled frame with Soil.3] Analysis of Bare frame without Soil.4] Analysis of In-filled frame without Soil Frame with different combinations mentioned above (with/without infill panel, with/without soil) is analyzed by using ANSYS 14.5. These results are comprised with SSI and without SSI.
Keywords: Soil Structure Interaction, In-Filled Frame, Bare Frame.
Soil structure interaction effect on dynamic behavior of 3 d building frames ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The soil flexibility effect is generally not considered in seismic design of building frames and the design is done based on results of dynamic analysis taking fixed base condition. Flexibility effect of soil causes lengthening of lateral natural period due to overall reduction in lateral stiffness of the structure. Such lengthening lateral natural period (T) may considerably vary the seismic response of building frames resting on raft foundation. Hence it is necessary to unite the flexibility of soil on which the foundation rests during analysis such study being termed as soil structure interaction (SSI). In the present study the dynamic behavior of building frames over raft footing under seismic forces uniting soil structure interaction is considered. The analysis is carried out using FEM software SAP2000 *Ver14. For the interaction analysis of space frame, foundation and soil are considered as parts of a single compatible unit and soil is idealized using the soil models for analysis. The soil system below a raft footing is replaced by providing a true soil model (continuum model). In continuum model, soil is considered as homogeneous, isotropic, elastic of half space for which dynamic shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are the inputs. Influence of number of parameters such as number of storey’s, soil types and height ratio for seismic zone-V is considered in present study. Building responses are considered for bare frame with and without accounting for soil flexibility. The responses in terms of lateral natural period and seismic base shear, lateral displacement (story drift), with and without soil flexibility is compared to evaluate the contribution of soil flexibility on building frames. Keywords: soil structure interaction, natural period, base shear, max. lateral displacement and raft footing etc…
A review on: The influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC bui...IJERA Editor
This study focuses on a review of the influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC buildings. The aim of this study is to gain understanding the effect of the local site conditions on the seismic forces in building. The study helps in creating awareness about the importance of the local site conditions, such as proximity to the source of earthquakes (faults) and the local geological and topographical features in the earthquake resistant design of buildings. The current Indian code of practice for seismic analysis IS 1893:2002, specifies seismic zones to consider different levels of intensity of ground shaking, There are also maps of the principal tectonic features and lithological formations. This paper shows the soil condition effects studied by the various researchers.
Influence of stratified soil on seismic response of pile supported buildingIJARIIT
In the last few decades, it has been perceived that Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) changed the reaction attributes of
a structural system due to huge and firm nature of structure and frequently, soil softness. In the current study, to depict the
influence of soil structure interaction on the seismic response of a structure due to earthquake loading, a 5 storied (G+4)
simple square building supported on pile foundation resting on stratified soil was selected. The building sections were
modelled and analysed for different configurations (i.e., with and without slab and infill) using finite element method
SAP2000. The deformations under seismic loading in the structure and piles by incorporating the effect of soil-structure
interaction and fixed base condition were extracted, compared and discussed. Impact of variety of the parameters on different
soil conditions like variation in soil profile and number of soil layers, influence of slab and infill are considered for which the
buildings are modelled by alternate approaches, namely, (1) bare frame with fixed supports, (2) frames including slab and
infill with support accounting for soil-flexibility. The results indicate that the roof displacement varies significantly for
different soil layer combinations if included the soil structure interaction compared to that of fixed base analysis. Thus
considering the effect of SSI is essential. The horizontal displacement of the structure is maximum for a bare frame with slab
when compared to bare frame and infill frame. When infill wall is added to the structure, the horizontal displacement is
decreased due to the stiffness of the infill wall.
A NUMERICAL STUDY ON INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF CLOSELY SPACED STRIP FOOTINGS ON...IAEME Publication
Foundations of structures often need to be placed close to meet the architectural as well as the functional requirements. In such cases, the combined action of footings is different from a single footing. It causes interference of the stress zones. In the present study, the interference effects of two closely spaced strip footings on the surface of cohesive and cohesionless soils are being investigated. Parametric studies are done for two footings by varying the spacing between the footings and the width of the footings. The results are presented in terms of efficiency factors. In the first case, both the footings are loaded simultaneously up to failure. In the second case, one of the footings representing an already existing foundation is loaded with half of the estimated failure load of isolated footing and adjacent footing loaded up to failure. The effect of interference is observed to be particularly significant in terms of the settlement. Effect of shear keys placed beneath the footings, at different locations beneath the footing and the interference of such footings is also studied in case of stiff clay. It is found that the presence of shear keys has a significant effect on the interference between the footings, compared to without the shear keys, especially in reducing the tilt of foundations.
Effect of soil structure interaction on high rise r.c regular frame structur...eSAT Journals
Abstract Reinforced concrete building structure consist of horizontal member (beam & slab) and vertical members (columns & walls), and supported by foundation. The structure is subjected to loads of self-weight, live load, wind load and earthquake load etc. The structural strength of slab and the brick walls is not normally considered in the analysis of the structure Generally the foundation support is assumed as either hinged or fixed support, while foundations transmit the load to the soil medium which undergoes a settlement (vertical) depending on the loads from the structure and characteristics of the soil medium, causing the additional forces in structure. However, this effect is normally neglected in the structural analysis due to its complicated analysis. An attempt is made to analyze the structure considering the foundation soil settlement as define like soil medium by spring. The structure is analyzed for various seismic zones of India. (II, III, IV,&V), sub grade modulus of soil (Gs) from 12000kN/m3 to 60,000kN/m3.The results of the above analysis are used to study the effect of soil – structure interaction on horizontal displacement ‘훿x’ at each floor, and vertical displacement ‘훿y’ at the supports of a building. From the study, it is observed that the maximum percentage of variation in x- trans is 337 percentage with respect to fixed support condition at sub grade modulus of 12,000 kN /m2/m at seismic zone V and the maximum percentage of variation in y- trans is 1420 percentage with respect to fixed support at sub grade modulus 12,000 kN/m2/m at seismic zone V. From pilot study, concluded that effect of soil – structure interaction has to consider especially for lower sub grade modulus of soil at higher seismic intensities. KeyWords: Soil structure interaction (SSI), R.C.frame, Seismic load, High rise buildings etc…
EFFECT OF SOIL INTERACTION ON 3×3 BUILDING FRAME EMBEDDED IN MULTILAYERED SOILIAEME Publication
Objectives: To study the
multilayered soil. Methods/Analysis:the pile foundation is analyzed in ANSYS. The effect about soilstructure interface on thedisplacement of columns in theconnected by means of thoseobtained on or after thesoilstructural analysis and theconservative
method of analysis. Soil non-linearity inside the horizontaldirection is performed by means of Pcurves. Findings: These curves are developed using Matlock and API(American PetroleumInstitute) equations. And the results shows that the values obtained from SSI for bending moment,
shear force and deflection are more than that of without SSI.
interaction on a building frame embedded in multilayered soil
types of piles and number of bays andout for the differenttypes of soils using ANSYS
Finite element analysis of frame with soil structure interactioneSAT Journals
Abstract
For the analysis of a building frame, the columns at the foundation level are considered as fixed. But in real condition it is not the case. While considering soil in the analysis of building frame 100% fixity may not be ensured. Because of the settlement and rotation of foundation, shear force and bending moment in superstructure get altered. This effect is called as “Soil Structure Interaction” Present work is to study behavior of bare frame & in-filled frame having soil beneath. In these cases three types of soils are considered, soft, medium stiff and hard. Also in-filled panel is of brick masonry only. Various cases frames are studied. The following are the cases:
1] Analysis of bare frame with soil.2] Analysis of In-filled frame with Soil.3] Analysis of Bare frame without Soil.4] Analysis of In-filled frame without Soil Frame with different combinations mentioned above (with/without infill panel, with/without soil) is analyzed by using ANSYS 14.5. These results are comprised with SSI and without SSI.
Keywords: Soil Structure Interaction, In-Filled Frame, Bare Frame.
Soil structure interaction effect on dynamic behavior of 3 d building frames ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The soil flexibility effect is generally not considered in seismic design of building frames and the design is done based on results of dynamic analysis taking fixed base condition. Flexibility effect of soil causes lengthening of lateral natural period due to overall reduction in lateral stiffness of the structure. Such lengthening lateral natural period (T) may considerably vary the seismic response of building frames resting on raft foundation. Hence it is necessary to unite the flexibility of soil on which the foundation rests during analysis such study being termed as soil structure interaction (SSI). In the present study the dynamic behavior of building frames over raft footing under seismic forces uniting soil structure interaction is considered. The analysis is carried out using FEM software SAP2000 *Ver14. For the interaction analysis of space frame, foundation and soil are considered as parts of a single compatible unit and soil is idealized using the soil models for analysis. The soil system below a raft footing is replaced by providing a true soil model (continuum model). In continuum model, soil is considered as homogeneous, isotropic, elastic of half space for which dynamic shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio are the inputs. Influence of number of parameters such as number of storey’s, soil types and height ratio for seismic zone-V is considered in present study. Building responses are considered for bare frame with and without accounting for soil flexibility. The responses in terms of lateral natural period and seismic base shear, lateral displacement (story drift), with and without soil flexibility is compared to evaluate the contribution of soil flexibility on building frames. Keywords: soil structure interaction, natural period, base shear, max. lateral displacement and raft footing etc…
A review on: The influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC bui...IJERA Editor
This study focuses on a review of the influence of soil conditions on the seismic forces in RC buildings. The aim of this study is to gain understanding the effect of the local site conditions on the seismic forces in building. The study helps in creating awareness about the importance of the local site conditions, such as proximity to the source of earthquakes (faults) and the local geological and topographical features in the earthquake resistant design of buildings. The current Indian code of practice for seismic analysis IS 1893:2002, specifies seismic zones to consider different levels of intensity of ground shaking, There are also maps of the principal tectonic features and lithological formations. This paper shows the soil condition effects studied by the various researchers.
Influence of stratified soil on seismic response of pile supported buildingIJARIIT
In the last few decades, it has been perceived that Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) changed the reaction attributes of
a structural system due to huge and firm nature of structure and frequently, soil softness. In the current study, to depict the
influence of soil structure interaction on the seismic response of a structure due to earthquake loading, a 5 storied (G+4)
simple square building supported on pile foundation resting on stratified soil was selected. The building sections were
modelled and analysed for different configurations (i.e., with and without slab and infill) using finite element method
SAP2000. The deformations under seismic loading in the structure and piles by incorporating the effect of soil-structure
interaction and fixed base condition were extracted, compared and discussed. Impact of variety of the parameters on different
soil conditions like variation in soil profile and number of soil layers, influence of slab and infill are considered for which the
buildings are modelled by alternate approaches, namely, (1) bare frame with fixed supports, (2) frames including slab and
infill with support accounting for soil-flexibility. The results indicate that the roof displacement varies significantly for
different soil layer combinations if included the soil structure interaction compared to that of fixed base analysis. Thus
considering the effect of SSI is essential. The horizontal displacement of the structure is maximum for a bare frame with slab
when compared to bare frame and infill frame. When infill wall is added to the structure, the horizontal displacement is
decreased due to the stiffness of the infill wall.
A NUMERICAL STUDY ON INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF CLOSELY SPACED STRIP FOOTINGS ON...IAEME Publication
Foundations of structures often need to be placed close to meet the architectural as well as the functional requirements. In such cases, the combined action of footings is different from a single footing. It causes interference of the stress zones. In the present study, the interference effects of two closely spaced strip footings on the surface of cohesive and cohesionless soils are being investigated. Parametric studies are done for two footings by varying the spacing between the footings and the width of the footings. The results are presented in terms of efficiency factors. In the first case, both the footings are loaded simultaneously up to failure. In the second case, one of the footings representing an already existing foundation is loaded with half of the estimated failure load of isolated footing and adjacent footing loaded up to failure. The effect of interference is observed to be particularly significant in terms of the settlement. Effect of shear keys placed beneath the footings, at different locations beneath the footing and the interference of such footings is also studied in case of stiff clay. It is found that the presence of shear keys has a significant effect on the interference between the footings, compared to without the shear keys, especially in reducing the tilt of foundations.
Effect of soil structure interaction on high rise r.c regular frame structur...eSAT Journals
Abstract Reinforced concrete building structure consist of horizontal member (beam & slab) and vertical members (columns & walls), and supported by foundation. The structure is subjected to loads of self-weight, live load, wind load and earthquake load etc. The structural strength of slab and the brick walls is not normally considered in the analysis of the structure Generally the foundation support is assumed as either hinged or fixed support, while foundations transmit the load to the soil medium which undergoes a settlement (vertical) depending on the loads from the structure and characteristics of the soil medium, causing the additional forces in structure. However, this effect is normally neglected in the structural analysis due to its complicated analysis. An attempt is made to analyze the structure considering the foundation soil settlement as define like soil medium by spring. The structure is analyzed for various seismic zones of India. (II, III, IV,&V), sub grade modulus of soil (Gs) from 12000kN/m3 to 60,000kN/m3.The results of the above analysis are used to study the effect of soil – structure interaction on horizontal displacement ‘훿x’ at each floor, and vertical displacement ‘훿y’ at the supports of a building. From the study, it is observed that the maximum percentage of variation in x- trans is 337 percentage with respect to fixed support condition at sub grade modulus of 12,000 kN /m2/m at seismic zone V and the maximum percentage of variation in y- trans is 1420 percentage with respect to fixed support at sub grade modulus 12,000 kN/m2/m at seismic zone V. From pilot study, concluded that effect of soil – structure interaction has to consider especially for lower sub grade modulus of soil at higher seismic intensities. KeyWords: Soil structure interaction (SSI), R.C.frame, Seismic load, High rise buildings etc…
Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interactionijtsrd
Seismic response of structure is extremely complex because of non linear behaviour soil during earth quakes. Seismic design of structure is generally carried out assuming fixed based ignoring the flexibility of soil. The purpose of the study is to describe and investigate different approaches of considering soil flexibility in the soil structure interaction SSI with regard to response in the super structure. In the present work, to illustrate the effect of soil – stricture interaction on the seismic response of frame structure, irregular frame 15 storey having consider with based supported as fixed with an without considering the soil structure interaction. Building are model in SAP 2000. Three type of soil i.e. hard, medium hard, soft soil are used to in SSI – study. the soil is model as spring model or elastic continuum FEM , and stiffness is calculated by using the gerorge gazettes equation. The effect of SSI on various structural parameter i.e. natural time period, based shear, roof displacement, are studed and discuss. The main objective in using this earthquake was, to find out of the structure when heat by long duration and see the how the response of modified, when the soil effect are taken into considerate. Sumit S. Chaudhari | M. R. Nikhar | V. A. Kalmegh "Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38125.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/38125/seismic-analysis-of-irregular-building-frames-with-soil-structure-interaction/sumit-s-chaudhari
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”IJERA Editor
Earthquakes are natural trouble under which disasters are mainly caused by damage or collapse of the structure and other man-made structures. When an earthquake occurs natural period of vibration is more on heavy loaded building and less in light loaded building. If the building is light weighted, i.e. steel is less then economy of structure is also achieved. Hence it is necessary to find out natural/fundamental time period when mass changes with different type of brick masonry and concrete masonry.This is necessary because IS 1893:2002 does not incorporate the effect of mass in a formula which they have mentioned for brick masonary structure. Thedesign will also analyze with ETAB software.
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...IJERA Editor
Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizontal space and high cost. Due to these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories, which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexibility of first storey results in extreme deflections, which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special consideration in analysis and design
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COIR FIBRE REINFORCED FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE...IAEME Publication
Background/Objectives: By using the fly residue as option substance to bond in concrete it reduces the usage of normal Portland cement in usual concrete which results in the development of Geopolymer concrete furthermore in the lessening of CO2 levels which thusly reduces the Global Warming. Methods/Statistical analysis: This paper presents the trial examination done on the execution of coir fibre reinforced fly residue based geopolymer concrete subjected to severe ecological conditions. The mixes were considered for molarity of 10M. The basic arrangement utilized for present revise is the blend of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide arrangement with the proportion of 1:2.5. Coir fibre with the varying percentages of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 are used as fibre reinforcement. The test specimens of 150mmx150mmx150mm cubes, 150mmx300mm cylinders, 1000mmx150mmx150mm beams are cast and cured under encompassing temperature conditions. Findings: The geopolymer solid examples are tried for their compressive quality, flexural and split tractable tests at 7days, 14days and 28days.The test grades demonstrate that the blend of fly ash and coir fibre can be used for the improvement of geopolymer concrete. Applications: It possesses superior distinctiveness such as high strength, very little drying shrinkage , low creep, durable nature, eco-friendly, fire proof ,better compressive strength etc to be used as an alternative of OPC
Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interactionijtsrd
Seismic response of structure is extremely complex because of the non linear behavior soil during earthquakes. Seismic design of structures is generally carried out assuming fixed base ignoring the flexibility of soil. The main objective of the study is to investigate the significance of effect of soil structure interaction on building with mass irregularity. The dynamic contact approach was utilized to simulate pounding between the adjacent buildings. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for two adjacent multi story structures with four different configuration representing cases that can exist in reality. The seismic response of the studied cases generally emphasized that ignoring the soil flexibility and or the contribution of the infill panels may significantly alter the response of adjacent structures. Response spectrum analysis has been carried out and the parameters like time period, base shear, roof top displacement and storey drift of the building frames resting over foundation and soil media has been studied. Sumit S. Chaudhari | Prof. M. R. Nikhar | Prof. V. A. Kalmegh "Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42505.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/42505/seismic-analysis-of-irregular-building-frames-with-soil-structure-interaction/sumit-s-chaudhari
Effect of Soil Flexibility on Analysis and Design of BuildingIJERA Editor
Generally in the analysis and design of multi-story building frame it is assumed that the base is fixed but in actual the structure is ultimately supported on soil which is flexible in nature. This flexibility of soil may vary due to load-settlement characteristics of soil, variation in soil strata below the foundation level, seasonal variation of soil property etc. The flexible nature of soil causes differential settlement between foundations on application of loads which in turn redistribute the structural forces as well as design. The present paper attempts to acknowledge the effect of soil flexibility in analysis and design of structure. A G+7 4-bay by 4-bay RCC residential building frame supported on sandy soil and situated in seismic zone V as per IS: 1893(part 1)-2002 is analysed usingStaad pro software. Initially the building frame is modelled and analysed assuming fixed base and support reactions are determined for different load cases. The foundation sizes for different supports are calculated by using Staad foundation software. The fixed support is replaced by a spring of equivalent foundation stiffness to perform flexible base analysis. In flexible support analysis the maximum total settlement and differential settlement between footings is found to be 44.19 mm and 8.14 mm respectively which is neglected in conventional analysis. The variation in values of settlement is more critical in case of seismic loading. Soil flexibility causes significant variation in values of support moment compared to vertical support reaction. The flexibility of soil also affects the forces in beams and columns. The requirement of steel reinforcement is reduced by nearly 7% in flexible support system compared to fixed base. The study shows that the soil flexibility redistributed the structural forces and affects the analysis and design of structure. In present study analysis and design of structure assuming flexible base is found to be more accurate and economical.
Effect of Molybdenum Disulphide on Physical Properties of Neodymium-Iron-Boro...IJMER
The present paper reports the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on magnetic and
mechanical properties of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) bonded magnet. Powder metallurgy process
has been used to prepare the test samples containing 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percentage of MoS2. Compact
and hardness tests have been performed to measure the physical properties of samples. Saturation
magnetization, remanence and intrinsic coercivity have been checked using vibrating sample
measurement (VSM) test
METHODS FOR ACHIEVEMENT UNIFORM STRESSES DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE FOUNDATIONIAEME Publication
Foundation response is a complex interaction of the foundation itself, the superstructure above and the soil. That interaction may continue for a long time until final equilibrium is established between the superimposed loads and the supporting soil reactions.
Foundation receives loads from the superstructure through columns, walls or both and act to transmit these loads into the soil. In many projects superstructure has separated study in which soil simulated as springs with sub-grade reaction which mean that soil is one layer with liner reaction neglect settlement of soil, types and properties of soil layers, underground water table and surrounded structures
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interactionijtsrd
Seismic response of structure is extremely complex because of non linear behaviour soil during earth quakes. Seismic design of structure is generally carried out assuming fixed based ignoring the flexibility of soil. The purpose of the study is to describe and investigate different approaches of considering soil flexibility in the soil structure interaction SSI with regard to response in the super structure. In the present work, to illustrate the effect of soil – stricture interaction on the seismic response of frame structure, irregular frame 15 storey having consider with based supported as fixed with an without considering the soil structure interaction. Building are model in SAP 2000. Three type of soil i.e. hard, medium hard, soft soil are used to in SSI – study. the soil is model as spring model or elastic continuum FEM , and stiffness is calculated by using the gerorge gazettes equation. The effect of SSI on various structural parameter i.e. natural time period, based shear, roof displacement, are studed and discuss. The main objective in using this earthquake was, to find out of the structure when heat by long duration and see the how the response of modified, when the soil effect are taken into considerate. Sumit S. Chaudhari | M. R. Nikhar | V. A. Kalmegh "Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38125.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/38125/seismic-analysis-of-irregular-building-frames-with-soil-structure-interaction/sumit-s-chaudhari
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”IJERA Editor
Earthquakes are natural trouble under which disasters are mainly caused by damage or collapse of the structure and other man-made structures. When an earthquake occurs natural period of vibration is more on heavy loaded building and less in light loaded building. If the building is light weighted, i.e. steel is less then economy of structure is also achieved. Hence it is necessary to find out natural/fundamental time period when mass changes with different type of brick masonry and concrete masonry.This is necessary because IS 1893:2002 does not incorporate the effect of mass in a formula which they have mentioned for brick masonary structure. Thedesign will also analyze with ETAB software.
Review on Effective utilization of RCC Shear walls for Design of Soft Storey ...IJERA Editor
Multi-storey buildings in metropolitan cities require open taller first storey for parking of vehicle and/or for retail shopping, large space for meeting room or a banking hall owing to lack of horizontal space and high cost. Due to these functional requirements, the first storey has lesser strength and stiffness as compared to upper stories, which are stiffened by masonry infill walls. Increased flexibility of first storey results in extreme deflections, which in turn, leads to concentration of forces at the second storey connections accompanied by large plastic deformation. In addition, most of the energy developed during the earthquake is dissipated by the column of the soft stories. In this process the plastic hinges are formed at the ends of column, which transform the soft stories into a mechanism. In such cases the collapse is unavoidable. Therefore, the soft stories deserve a special consideration in analysis and design
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COIR FIBRE REINFORCED FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE...IAEME Publication
Background/Objectives: By using the fly residue as option substance to bond in concrete it reduces the usage of normal Portland cement in usual concrete which results in the development of Geopolymer concrete furthermore in the lessening of CO2 levels which thusly reduces the Global Warming. Methods/Statistical analysis: This paper presents the trial examination done on the execution of coir fibre reinforced fly residue based geopolymer concrete subjected to severe ecological conditions. The mixes were considered for molarity of 10M. The basic arrangement utilized for present revise is the blend of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide arrangement with the proportion of 1:2.5. Coir fibre with the varying percentages of 0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25 and 3 are used as fibre reinforcement. The test specimens of 150mmx150mmx150mm cubes, 150mmx300mm cylinders, 1000mmx150mmx150mm beams are cast and cured under encompassing temperature conditions. Findings: The geopolymer solid examples are tried for their compressive quality, flexural and split tractable tests at 7days, 14days and 28days.The test grades demonstrate that the blend of fly ash and coir fibre can be used for the improvement of geopolymer concrete. Applications: It possesses superior distinctiveness such as high strength, very little drying shrinkage , low creep, durable nature, eco-friendly, fire proof ,better compressive strength etc to be used as an alternative of OPC
Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interactionijtsrd
Seismic response of structure is extremely complex because of the non linear behavior soil during earthquakes. Seismic design of structures is generally carried out assuming fixed base ignoring the flexibility of soil. The main objective of the study is to investigate the significance of effect of soil structure interaction on building with mass irregularity. The dynamic contact approach was utilized to simulate pounding between the adjacent buildings. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for two adjacent multi story structures with four different configuration representing cases that can exist in reality. The seismic response of the studied cases generally emphasized that ignoring the soil flexibility and or the contribution of the infill panels may significantly alter the response of adjacent structures. Response spectrum analysis has been carried out and the parameters like time period, base shear, roof top displacement and storey drift of the building frames resting over foundation and soil media has been studied. Sumit S. Chaudhari | Prof. M. R. Nikhar | Prof. V. A. Kalmegh "Seismic Analysis of Irregular Building Frames with Soil Structure Interaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42505.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/structural-engineering/42505/seismic-analysis-of-irregular-building-frames-with-soil-structure-interaction/sumit-s-chaudhari
Effect of Soil Flexibility on Analysis and Design of BuildingIJERA Editor
Generally in the analysis and design of multi-story building frame it is assumed that the base is fixed but in actual the structure is ultimately supported on soil which is flexible in nature. This flexibility of soil may vary due to load-settlement characteristics of soil, variation in soil strata below the foundation level, seasonal variation of soil property etc. The flexible nature of soil causes differential settlement between foundations on application of loads which in turn redistribute the structural forces as well as design. The present paper attempts to acknowledge the effect of soil flexibility in analysis and design of structure. A G+7 4-bay by 4-bay RCC residential building frame supported on sandy soil and situated in seismic zone V as per IS: 1893(part 1)-2002 is analysed usingStaad pro software. Initially the building frame is modelled and analysed assuming fixed base and support reactions are determined for different load cases. The foundation sizes for different supports are calculated by using Staad foundation software. The fixed support is replaced by a spring of equivalent foundation stiffness to perform flexible base analysis. In flexible support analysis the maximum total settlement and differential settlement between footings is found to be 44.19 mm and 8.14 mm respectively which is neglected in conventional analysis. The variation in values of settlement is more critical in case of seismic loading. Soil flexibility causes significant variation in values of support moment compared to vertical support reaction. The flexibility of soil also affects the forces in beams and columns. The requirement of steel reinforcement is reduced by nearly 7% in flexible support system compared to fixed base. The study shows that the soil flexibility redistributed the structural forces and affects the analysis and design of structure. In present study analysis and design of structure assuming flexible base is found to be more accurate and economical.
Effect of Molybdenum Disulphide on Physical Properties of Neodymium-Iron-Boro...IJMER
The present paper reports the effect of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on magnetic and
mechanical properties of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) bonded magnet. Powder metallurgy process
has been used to prepare the test samples containing 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percentage of MoS2. Compact
and hardness tests have been performed to measure the physical properties of samples. Saturation
magnetization, remanence and intrinsic coercivity have been checked using vibrating sample
measurement (VSM) test
METHODS FOR ACHIEVEMENT UNIFORM STRESSES DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE FOUNDATIONIAEME Publication
Foundation response is a complex interaction of the foundation itself, the superstructure above and the soil. That interaction may continue for a long time until final equilibrium is established between the superimposed loads and the supporting soil reactions.
Foundation receives loads from the superstructure through columns, walls or both and act to transmit these loads into the soil. In many projects superstructure has separated study in which soil simulated as springs with sub-grade reaction which mean that soil is one layer with liner reaction neglect settlement of soil, types and properties of soil layers, underground water table and surrounded structures
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A TRAPEZOIDAL SHAPED STEEL AND R.C.C STRUCTUREIAEME Publication
Objectives: Reinforced concrete structures are the extremely useconvenience in construction and economical forhigh rise buildings these R.C.C structures are no more convenient and economical due to variation
in parameters such as decrease indirections and complicatedformwork. Thus for the designers, it has
producing optimized and economical design for highrisebuildings. In addition inclusion of
wind and seismic parameters is necessary for designing of high rise buildings. Use of steel in
rise buildings helps in overcoming the above problems due to its enhanced performance by
neglecting the difficulties in manufacturing of steel. But many designerstructural system due to its complexity in analysis and design. From the past studies adoption ofsteel structural system gives highly durable, economical and improved seismic performance
characteristics to the buildings. The accounsymmetrical (Trapezoidal) molded G+12, R.C.C. andsteelworking under the impact of windand seismic conditions utilizing ETABS
time period than R.C.C. It shows steel building are flexible and R.C.C is a rigid building.
Deflection of the beams in R.C.C. is very much lesser than steel. The deflection of the beam andsteel is an average of 5.5times higher than R.C.C. In all the analysis cases, dein the relevant codes has not been exceeded. Whencomparing the support reactions, the reaction of
the base of the steel is very less and compared to R.C.C. The size of the footing for R.C.C will behigher than the footing for steel
The PPT comprises of latest news about Chhattisgarh and India in both the languages Hindi and English, comprises of all category of news like sports, weather, bollywood, regional, national etc. For more details visit: http://onlinecg.in/
Esta es una presentación de apoyo a un artículo para mi Blog:
http://pablocalderon.wordpress.com/2010/04/12/no-le-pidas-a-un-disenador-que-te-disene-un-puente-pidele-que-disene-una-forma-de-cruzar-el-agua/
Newsletter on equity segment provides accurate and genuine information for a successful intraday trading. Keep yourself update from latest market updates and make a profitable trading.
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEMI-GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SUBJECTED TO STATIC AND SEISMIC...IAEME Publication
A 2D (Plain strain) wall‒backfill‒foundation interaction is modeled using finite element
method by ANSYS to find the optimum design based on the principle of soil-structure
interactions analyses. A semi-gravity retaining wall subjected to static and seismic loads has
been considered in this research. Seismic records which are obtained from the records of Iraq
for the period 1900-1988. The optimization process is simulated by ANSYS /APDL language
programming depending on the available optimization commands. The objective function of
optimization process OBJ is to minimize the cross-sectional area of the retaining wall. The
results showed that the optimum design method via ANSYS is a successful strategy prompts to
optimum values of cross‒sectional area with both safety and stability factors as compared with
other optimum design methods. Also, the results showed that the area of optimum section by
ANSYS method is lesser than the section area of the GAs algorithm , PSO, and CSS methods by
percentages are equal to 15.04%, 23.92%, and 25.33%; respectively, when
3.Additionally, from studying the effect of some parameters such as Compressive Strength of
Concrete (´
) and Yielding Strength of Steel ( on cross-sectional area and reinforced
area, is provided that the (´) and have small effect or do not effect on the value of crosssectional
area () and this is due to the lack of weight ratio of steel reinforcement to concrete
weight. Moreover, the yielding strength of steel has larger effect than compressive strength of
concrete in the reinforcement area.
SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION STUDY ON PLANE BUILDING FRAME SUPPORTED ON PILE GR...IAEME Publication
Background/Objectives: The main objective of this work is to determine the soil interaction of a plane building frame underpinned by pile groups which are embedded in cohesive soil (clayey soil).Methods: The impact of Soil-Structure Interaction on response of a 4 storey framed Building underpinned by Pile group is reported in this paper. The four storey frame consists of three bays and columns of the frame supported by a pile group. The Pile group is presumed to be embedded in the Cohesive soil mass (clayey soil). The soil mass is represented by equivalent springs. The displacement of the building frame caused due to the deflection of the foundation with and without Soil Structure Interaction is analyzed using ANSYS. Findings: Soil non-linearity in lateral direction is indicated by the P-Y curve developed using Matlock equations. The soil properties which are used for clay (cohesive soil) are from the Triaxial Consolidated Undrained Compression Test on soil. Shear Force and Bending Moments at the base of the columns are determined for the frame which is analyzed with and without consideration of soil structure interaction.
A NUMERICAL STUDY ON INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF CLOSELY SPACED STRIP FOOTINGS ON...IAEME Publication
Foundations of structures often need to be placed close to meet the architectural
as well as the functional requirements. In such cases, the combined action of footings
is different from a single footing. It causes interference of the stress zones. In the
present study, the interference effects of two closely spaced strip footings on the
surface of cohesive and cohesionless soils are being investigated. Parametric studies
are done for two footings by varying the spacing between the footings and the width of
the footings. The results are presented in terms of efficiency factors. In the first case,
both the footings are loaded simultaneously up to failure. In the second case, one of
the footings representing an already existing foundation is loaded with half of the
estimated failure load of isolated footing and adjacent footing loaded up to failure.
The effect of interference is observed to be particularly significant in terms of the
settlement. Effect of shear keys placed beneath the footings, at different locations
beneath the footing and the interference of such footings is also studied in case of stiff
clay. It is found that the presence of shear keys has a significant effect on the
interference between the footings, compared to without the shear keys, especially in
reducing the tilt of foundations.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI) USING ANFIS MODEL WITH O...IAEME Publication
One of the real difficulties for structural engineers is design and construction of
structures with satisfactory performance under dynamic loading conditions actuated
by strong wind or seismic tremors. SSI is a major problem in the construction process,
which may alter the dynamic characteristics of the structural response altogether. The
SSI system has two characteristic differences from the general structural dynamic
system which are the unbounded nature as well as the non-direct characteristics of the
soil medium. This study considering the SSI impacts in dynamic impacts of concrete
moment opposing building frames resisting on Soil Pile Structure (SPS) is additionally
anticipated. In SSI modeling, for diminishing the complexity and enhance the
prediction accuracy, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model with
Opposition Based BAT Algorithm (OBAT) is proposed. It is demonstrated that the
proposed model can foresee the dynamic response of the soil-structure system with
great accuracy in much less time contrasted and the current strategies.
COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT F...IAEME Publication
Objectives: In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super-structure and sub-structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to capture the overall response of the system. Methods/Analysis: After modeling of building in STAAD.Pro is done, Foundation design is calculated and the obtained support reactions from STAAD.Pro are applied in PLAXIS, a finite element software to find the vertical settlement (Embedded pile foundation and isolated footing) of structure for clayey and sandy soils. Findings: Sandy soil has more bearing capacity compared to clayey soil. It is observed that clayey soil with isolated footing get more vertical settlement compared to the embedded pile, sandy soil with pile foundation get more vertical settlement compared to the isolated footing
VARIATION OF SEISMIC RESPONSE OF MID-RISE RC BUILDINGS DUE TO SOIL STRUCTURE ...IAEME Publication
The seismic design of RC buildings requires determining the expected base shear, lateral drift at each story level and internal forces of the structural elements. In the analysis, it is common for the structural engineers to consider a fixed base structure which means that the foundations and the underlying soil are assumed to be infinitely rigid. This assumption is not proper since the underlying soil in the near field often consists of soft soil layers that possess different properties and may behave nonlinearly leading to drastic variation of the seismic motion before hitting the structure foundation. In addition, the mutual interaction between the structure, its foundation and the underlying soil during the vibrations can substantially alter the structure response. This response variation depends on the structure characteristics, the soil properties and the nature of the seismic excitation. Consequently, an accurate assessment of inertial forces and displacements in structures requires a rational treatment of soil structure interaction (SSI) effects.
Soil Structure Interaction Analysis of Multi Storey Building Frame for Seismi...ijtsrd
Presently a day the human life and the climate have often been jeopardized by the characteristic perils like seismic tremor, torrent, flood, twister and avalanches. As an outcome of which the human culture and the countrys economy get hampered following the event of a catastrophic event. In agricultural nations like India, where the populace is huge and is expanding step by step, the social and financial components power individuals to live in weak territories, because of which the impacts of these cataclysmic events are disastrous. Among every one of these dangers, liquefaction of soil can be brought up as one of the most appalling seismic perils. Consequently assessment of liquefaction helplessness is a significant part of geotechnical designing. Soil structure connection impact in the examination and plan of RC outline structures is progressively perceived yet not infiltrated to the grass root level attributable to different complexities included. It is settled reality that the dirt structure collaboration impact significantly impact the plan of multi story structures exposed to parallel seismic burdens. In this examination we are performing seismic appraisal utilizing Analytical apparatus SAP2000 over a midrise building outline where we will give sidelong load to zone V 0.36 to decide soil structure communication for parallel burdens, for this investigation a midrise even structure of G 7 storey is considered. Shristee Saxena | Prof. Juhi Nigam "Soil Structure Interaction Analysis of Multi Storey Building Frame for Seismic Load using SAP2000" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33689.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33689/soil-structure-interaction-analysis-of-multi-storey-building-frame-for-seismic-load-using-sap2000/shristee-saxena
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Storeyed Frame-Shear Wall Building Considering SSIIJERA Editor
The structural system of a high-rise building often has a more pronounced effect than a low rise building on the
total building cost and the architecture aspect of building. Shear walls are lateral load resisting structural
systems which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind and seismic Loads. The design of multi
storey building is to have good lateral load resisting System along with gravity load system for safety of
occupant and for better performance of structure even in most adverse condition. The main scope of this project
is to apply class room knowledge in the real world by designing a multi-storied residential building. Shear walls
are more efficient in resisting lateral loads in multi storied buildings. Steel and reinforced concrete shear walls
are kept in major positions of multi storied buildings which are made in consideration of seismic forces and
wind forces. To solve this purpose shear walls are a very powerful structural elements, if used judiciously can
reduce deflections and stresses to a very great extent. Our project contains a brief description of building with
shear wall and without shear wall thoroughly discussed structural analysis of a building to explain the
application of shear wall. The design analysis of the multi storied building in our project is done through
STAAD-PRO, most popular structural engineering software. It is featured with some ultimate power tool,
analysis and design facilities which make it more users friendly.
Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquakeijtsrd
Among all the natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, drought, hurricanes the least understood and the most destructive one is earthquake. Since, they cause many of injuries and economical losses leaving behind a series of signs of panic. Necessity to implement seismic codes in building design. For this a better method of analysis such as static analysis, dynamic analysis and time history analysis has to be adopted for performing the structures seismic risk assessment. This dissertation work is concerned with the "Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC G 15 Storey Buildings" According to IS 1893 part 1 2002 codal provisions the structures are analyzed by Equivalent Static method and Time History method. The modeling and analysis is done with ETAB SOFTWARE and the results obtained are seismic parameters such as Time period, Base shear, Lateral displacement and Inter storey drift, storey stiffness, storey accelaration are tabulated and then comparative study of structures with and without Friction dampers has been done. Akshay R | B. S. Suresh Chandra "Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquake" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28017.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/28017/effect-of-friction-dampers-on-rc-structures-subjected-to-earthquake/akshay-r
SEISMIC REACTION OF BUILDING FRAME UNDER VARIOUS ZONES CONSIDERING FLEXIBLE A...IAEME Publication
Objectives: To find seismic reaction of building frame under various zones considering flexible and rigid supports. Methods/Analysis: If a structure is subjected to an earthquake excitation, it interacts with the foundation and soil, and the ground motion is varied. That means, the movement of the whole ground structure system is under the influence of soil type also by the type of structure. As the seismic waves transfer from the ground which consist of alteration in soil properties and performs according to soil’s respective properties differently. In this study, different soil strata are taken and corresponding vertical and lateral displacement are determined with G+4 in zones II, III, IV and V. A G+4 building is modeled in STAAD. Pro for different types of soils such as hard, medium and soft. Findings: The work consist the calculations of vertical and lateral support reactions for soil types in various seismic zones and the comparison of Rigid and Flexible supports is obtained. Applications: Effect of seismic reaction of building frame under various zones considering flexible and rigid supports concept can be extended to different types of buildings and number of bays and storeyes can be increasd further the analysis can be carried out for the different types of zones using STAAD - PRO.
Precast construction techniques have gained huge popularity in the recent times
due to rapid construction, excellent quality control, lesser site labour costs and more
overall savings. In the current scenario, the most advanced type of prestressed
construction is the manufacture of prestressed hollow core slab construction, which
essentially consists of huge prestressed concrete panel units cast to the required slab
dimensions. The construction is associated with the requirement of huge machinery
for transportation, hoisting and placing operations. In the present study, a partially
prestressed slab of dimensions 4000 mm × 600 mm × 120 mm was designed and cast.
An RCC slab was also designed for comparing the behaviour of the prestressed
hollow slab. The present study discussed about the flexural behaviour of pretensioned
prestressed concrete hollow slab. The slab which was designed for this study
consisted of three hollow cores, each having a diameter of three centimeters. A
special mould was designed for casting, which was capable of withstanding huge
prestressing forces. The hollow core provided within the specimen is an excellent
method to improve material savings, thermal and sound insulation properties, besides
being a provision for mechanical runs. The slab was cast and experimentally tested by
subjecting it to uniformly distributed loads using sand bags to study the flexural
behaviour of the slab.
Similar to STUDY OF SUITABLE FOUNDATION IN SEISMIC ZONE III CONSIDERING SSI (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. Study of Suitable Foundation in Seismic Zone III Considering SSI
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 757 editor@iaeme.com
displacements than the analysis of structure without soil structure interaction. Also analysis of bare
frame with soil structure interaction shows less shear force and bending moment as compared with
analysis of the bare frame without soil structure interaction. Rama Rao et al (2014) analyzed a
structure to examine the reaction of soil-structure interaction on horizontal and vertical displacements
at the supports for various heights providing sub grade modulus of soil as a defining soil medium by
springs for some defined wind loads. From the results it states that the with the increase in the value of
the sub grade modules reaction and with the increase of the storey level of the structure the
displacement of the structure increases. R.R Chaudari (2013) analyzed a high rise structure with pile
raft foundation considering soil structure interaction and studied the behavior of pile raft foundation. It
states that the moments of soft clay are much more than that of silty clay in all cases, the settlements
are less affected by soil types, and moment carrying capacity of soil pile structure system is a function
of soil type, pile diameter, quantity of concrete.
2. OBJECTIVE
The objective of the paper is the study of maximum shear forces and bending moments of soil
interaction of different types of foundations. A 7 storied building is considered for the study and is
analyse the types of foundations such as isolated foundations and strip foundations.
3. METHODOLOGY
STAAD PRO software is used model the building, create the number of floors, supports are fixed, and
the structure is analyzed and designed. In soil structure interaction the size of the footing is very
essential. ANSYS 12 workbench is used to determine the shear forces and bending moments for the
building. ANSYS finite element tool helps in simulating every structural aspect very efficiently. The
results are made reliable by the wide variety of material models, the quality of the element available,
and the ability to model every aspect.
In this paper a G+6 building is analyzed and designed in staad proin which the support reactions
were found. Using the support reaction the size of the foundation is fixed. The structure is modelled
using appropriate interface material in ansys. Then the model is meshed defining the mesh refinement
in the mesh tool. The shear force and the bending moments are obtained from the results tab.
3.1 loads and loads combinations considered:
The multistoried structure is analyzed for self-weight of the slabs, beams and columns self-weight,.
The load calculations and load combinations are considered as per IS: 875 – 1987.
3.1.1 Loads
1. Self-weight of members
The Multistory structure is assigned self-weight of beam and column.
2. Self-weight of slab
Assume slab thickness as 150mm
Total self-weight of slab and floor finishers = 0.15 X 25 + 1 = 4.75 k N/ m2
3. Outer walls weight in the structure
Assuming thickness of Outer wall =230mm and Wall Height = 4m
Total weight = 0.23 X 18.85 X 4 = 17.342KN /m
4. Special design load
Special design load was taken as 5 k N / m2 as it is considered as an educational building.
5. Live load
Live load was taken as 5 k N / m2 as it is considered as an educational building.
3. M. Manjari and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 758 editor@iaeme.com
3.1.2 Load Combinations
As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2, the following load cases have to be
Table 1 Load combinations
S. No Load Combination S. No Load Combination
1 (D.L+L.L) 14 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ-Z)
2 1.5(D.L+L.L) 15 .9D.L+1.5WL+X
3 .9D.L+1.5EQ+X 16 .9D.L+1.5WL-X
4 .9D.L+1.5EQ-X 17 .9D.L+1.5WL+Z
5 .9D.L+1.5EQ+Z 18 .9D.L+1.5WL-Z
6 .9D.L+1.5EQ-Z 19 1.5(D.L+WL+X)
7 1.5(D.L+EQ+X) 20 1.5(D.L+WL-X)
8 1.5(D.L+EQ-X) 21 1.5(D.L+WL+Z)
9 1.5(D.L+EQ+Z) 22 1.5(D.L+WL-Z)
10 1.5(D.L+EQ-Z) 23 1.2(D.L+L.L+WL+X)
11 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ+X) 24 1.2(D.L+L.L+WL-X)
12 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ-X) 25 1.2(D.L+L.L+WL+Z)
13 1.2(D.L+L.L+EQ+Z) 26 1.2(D.L+L.L+WL-Z)
3.2 Modelling:
A symmetrical type of building is modeled for this study, a G+6 structure is created in staad, and it is
analyzed and designed. The details of the structure are listed in table 2. The plan with column numbers
are showed in the figure 1.
Figure 1 Plan and column positioning.
4. Study of Suitable Foundation in Seismic Zone III Considering SSI
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 759 editor@iaeme.com
Table 2 Details of the structure.
S. No Details Value
1. Height 4m
2.
Span x direction
Span y-direction
19.1m
35.2m
3. Column size
C1-.5mX.5m(2,3,12,13)
C21mX.6m(1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19,20)
4. Beam size
B1-1.2mX.6m
B2-.6mX.23m
5.
Grade of concrete
Grade of steel
M35
Fe 500
6. Earthquake zone III
7. Importance factor 1.5
8. Live loads 5KN/mm²
9. SDL 5KN/mm²
10 Type of soil Clayey soil
11 Safe bearing capacity 200kn/m²
The 3D view of the structure is shown in fig 2.After designing and analyzing the structure in staad
and according to the support reactions obtained the columns are divided into 5sets as shown in the
table 3. The middle columns carry the maximum axial loads.
Figure 2 3D plan of the structure
Table 3 Column set numbers
S. No Set number Column numbers
1 1 1,4,11,14
2 2 2,3,13,12
3 3 5,10,15,20
4 4 6,9,16,19
5 5 7,8,17,18
5. M. Manjari and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 760 editor@iaeme.com
A G+6 storey educational building is taken for the study and analyzed for two types of foundation
i.e. isolated foundation and strip foundation. At first the structure is modeled for isolated foundation.
Then the structure is modeled for the strip foundation. The maximum shear force and bending
moments are noted. The soil stiffness value is taken from the range of 32000kn/mm³ to 8000kn/mm³
as per Bowles J. E., "Foundation Analysis and Design”. The modulus of elasticity is found out by
using The modulus of elasticity is found out by using the formula 500√fck, for M35 grade concrete
E=29580.39N/mm². The possions ratio is taken as .15 for concrete. Figure 3 shows the corresponding
mesh for isolated foundation and figure 4 shows the corresponding mesh for strip foundation. 478276
elements and 482625 nodes are created for isolated foundation. 22268 elements and 23202 nodes are
created for strip foundation.
Figure 3 Modal of the structure with isolated foundation
Figure 4 Modal of the structure with strip foundation
6. Study of Suitable Foundation in Seismic Zone III Considering
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 SHEAR FORCE
The variation of shear force for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are shown in fig
5.
• The shear force value of strip fo
for set number 1(columns: 1, 4, 11, and 14).
• The shear force value of strip fo
for set number 2(columns: 2, 3, 12, and 13).
• The shear force value of strip fo
for set number 3(columns: 5, 10, 15, and
• The shear force value of strip fo
for set number 4(columns: 6, 9, 16, and 19).
• The shear force value of strip fo
for set number 5(columns: 7, 8, 17, and 18).
Figure 5 Variation of Shear force for isolated and strip foundation.
4.2 BENDING MOMENT
The variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are
shown in fig 6.
• The bending moment value of strip fo
foundation for set number 1(columns: 1, 4, 11, and 14).
• The bending moment value of strip fo
foundation for set number 2(columns: 2, 3, 12, and 13).
• The bending moment value of strip fo
foundation for set number 3(columns: 5, 10, 15, and 20).
• The bending moment value of strip fo
foundation for set number 4(columns: 6, 9, 16, and 19).
of Suitable Foundation in Seismic Zone III Considering SSI
IJCIET/index.asp 761 editor@iaeme.com
SSIONS
ce for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are shown in fig
The shear force value of strip foundation is decreased by 81% when compared to isolated foundation
for set number 1(columns: 1, 4, 11, and 14).
ip foundation is decreased by 91% when compared to isolated foundation
for set number 2(columns: 2, 3, 12, and 13).
The shear force value of strip foundation is decreased by 85% when compared to isolated foundation
for set number 3(columns: 5, 10, 15, and 20).
The shear force value of strip foundation is decreased by 83% when compared to isolated foundation
for set number 4(columns: 6, 9, 16, and 19).
The shear force value of strip foundation is decreased by 86% when compared to isolated foundation
number 5(columns: 7, 8, 17, and 18).
Variation of Shear force for isolated and strip foundation.
variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are
The bending moment value of strip foundation is decreased by 93% when compared to isolat
1(columns: 1, 4, 11, and 14).
The bending moment value of strip foundation is decreased by 94% when compared to isolated
foundation for set number 2(columns: 2, 3, 12, and 13).
The bending moment value of strip foundation is decreased by 96% when compared to isolated
foundation for set number 3(columns: 5, 10, 15, and 20).
The bending moment value of strip foundation is decreased by 96% when compared to isolated
foundation for set number 4(columns: 6, 9, 16, and 19).
SSI
editor@iaeme.com
ce for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are shown in fig
is decreased by 81% when compared to isolated foundation
is decreased by 91% when compared to isolated foundation
is decreased by 85% when compared to isolated foundation
is decreased by 83% when compared to isolated foundation
is decreased by 86% when compared to isolated foundation
Variation of Shear force for isolated and strip foundation.
variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundation for different set numbers are
is decreased by 93% when compared to isolated
is decreased by 94% when compared to isolated
creased by 96% when compared to isolated
is decreased by 96% when compared to isolated
7. M. Manjari
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
• The bending moment value of strip fo
foundation for set number 5(columns: 7, 8, 17, and 18).
Figure 6 Variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundatio
5. CONCLUSION
In order to find the soil structure interaction of a multistoried building with various types of
two different analysis have been carried out. G+6 storey structure is taken for the study with isolated
foundation and strip foundation. Two separate analysis is carried for the same structure and same
clayey soil. On analyzing the result, it is
for strip foundation and the percentage variation of shear force is about an average of 85% less than
that of isolated foundation and the percentage variation of bending moments is about an aver
95% less than that of isolated foundation.
found to be more effective.
REFERENCES
[1] Wolf, J.P, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 19
[2] Dr. C. Ravi Kumar Reddy
building frame supported by pile groups embedded in cohesionless soil.
[3] R. R. Chaudhari, Dr K. N. Kadam 2013:
Considering Soil Structure Interaction.
[4] Gaikwad M.V, Ghogare R.B, Vagessha S. Mathada 2015: Finite element analysis of frame with soil
structure interaction.
[5] Jenifer Priyanka, R.M. and Anand, N. 2012.
type of irregularities. In Proceedings of the INCACMA Conference on Advances in Construction,
Manufacturing and Automation Research.
[6] IS 1893 (Part 1)-2002: Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part
1–General Provisions and Buildings (Fifth Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[7] IS 456 – 2000: Indian standard Criteria for Plain and Reinforce Structure, New Delhi.
[8] Bowles J. E., "Foundation Analysis and Design. 5th ed.", New York: McGraw
M. Manjari and Ch. Hanumantha Rao
IJCIET/index.asp 762 editor@iaeme.com
moment value of strip foundation is decreased by 97% when compared to isolated
foundation for set number 5(columns: 7, 8, 17, and 18).
Variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundatio
In order to find the soil structure interaction of a multistoried building with various types of
two different analysis have been carried out. G+6 storey structure is taken for the study with isolated
foundation and strip foundation. Two separate analysis is carried for the same structure and same
clayey soil. On analyzing the result, it is found out that the shear forces and bending moments are less
for strip foundation and the percentage variation of shear force is about an average of 85% less than
that of isolated foundation and the percentage variation of bending moments is about an aver
95% less than that of isolated foundation. Thus out, the two foundation system strip foundation is
Wolf, J.P, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1985. Soil- Structure Interaction.
Dr. C. Ravi Kumar Reddy and T.D Gunneswara Rao 2011: Experimental study of a modeled
building frame supported by pile groups embedded in cohesionless soil.
R. R. Chaudhari, Dr K. N. Kadam 2013: Effect Of Piled Raft Design On High
sidering Soil Structure Interaction.
Gaikwad M.V, Ghogare R.B, Vagessha S. Mathada 2015: Finite element analysis of frame with soil
Jenifer Priyanka, R.M. and Anand, N. 2012. Effect of lateral force on tall buildings with diff
type of irregularities. In Proceedings of the INCACMA Conference on Advances in Construction,
cturing and Automation Research.
2002: Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part
visions and Buildings (Fifth Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
2000: Indian standard Criteria for Plain and Reinforce Structure, New Delhi.
Bowles J. E., "Foundation Analysis and Design. 5th ed.", New York: McGraw
editor@iaeme.com
is decreased by 97% when compared to isolated
Variation of bending moments for isolated and strip foundation.
In order to find the soil structure interaction of a multistoried building with various types of foundation
two different analysis have been carried out. G+6 storey structure is taken for the study with isolated
foundation and strip foundation. Two separate analysis is carried for the same structure and same
found out that the shear forces and bending moments are less
for strip foundation and the percentage variation of shear force is about an average of 85% less than
that of isolated foundation and the percentage variation of bending moments is about an average of
Thus out, the two foundation system strip foundation is
Structure Interaction.
and T.D Gunneswara Rao 2011: Experimental study of a modeled
Effect Of Piled Raft Design On High-Rise Building
Gaikwad M.V, Ghogare R.B, Vagessha S. Mathada 2015: Finite element analysis of frame with soil
Effect of lateral force on tall buildings with different
type of irregularities. In Proceedings of the INCACMA Conference on Advances in Construction,
2002: Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part
visions and Buildings (Fifth Revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
2000: Indian standard Criteria for Plain and Reinforce Structure, New Delhi.
Bowles J. E., "Foundation Analysis and Design. 5th ed.", New York: McGraw-Hill (1996).
8. Study of Suitable Foundation in Seismic Zone III Considering SSI
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 763 editor@iaeme.com
[9] Anjali B and Raji M, Seismic Analysis and Soil Structure Interaction of Multistoried Buildings with
Different Types of Footings.
[10] IS 875 (Part-3)-1987 Indian Standard Code of Practice for “Design of Wind Loads for Buildings
and Structures.”
[11] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, Yusuf Jamal and M.Z. Khan, Assessment of Liquefaction Potential
of Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Modeling, International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 373-415.
[12] Akpila, S. B. and Omunguye, I. W. Derivative of Stress Strain, Deviatoric Stress and Undrained
Cohesion Models Based on Soil Modulus of Cohesive Soils. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 2015, pp 34-43.
[13] John Paul V. and Antony Rachel Sneha M., Effect of Random Inclusion of Bamboo Fibers on
Strength Behaviour of Flyash Treated Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp.153–160.