The document discusses strategic planning and development in third world countries during the 1950s-1960s. It focuses on the Philippines' experience with national socioeconomic planning. During this period, third world countries adopted development planning to address issues like poverty, promote national cohesion, and play a coordinating role in government. The Philippines engaged in various national development plans through agencies like the National Economic Council and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). It also implemented regionalization policies and strengthened local government planning structures. Educational planning was also an important part of national development strategies during this era.

1. Strategic Planning:
Concepts,
Theories &
Practices

2. Strategic Planning: Concepts,
Theories & Practices
1. Planning & Development in the Third World
a. 1950’s: The First Development Decade
2. Philippine Planning Experiences

3. Enabling Objectives
• Describe the focus of national socio-economic
planning and development in
the Third World during 1950’s and
1960’s;
• Specify the contributions – benefits and
problems of socio economic planning and
development in the Third World
Countries

4. Why there is a need to adopt
development planning?
State of their underdevelopment. The conditions are:
a. Predominantly agricultural economy and were exporters of primary
products.
b. The existence of a vast expanse of poverty and illiteracy among
the masses of people and the limited public resources
c. Development planning was seen as indispensable means of
national cohesion. It could mitigate economic and social
inequities, create greater opportunities for the people giving them a
collective achievement
d. Crucial role in the functioning of the government and in the
evolution of coherent and effective public administration

5. What is
Development
Planning?
Represent
ative plans
include the
Rehabilitat
ion Plan
for the
1950s
Socio-
Economic
Developme
nt Plan for
the 1960s;
The
Developme
nt Plan for
the 1970s
the Human
Developme
nt Plan for
the 1990s; the Good
Governan
ce Plan
during the
initial
years of
the 21st
century.
the Poverty
Eradication
Plan for the
1980s

6. PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2011-2016
The Philippine Development Plan
2011-2016 adopts a framework of
inclusive growth, which is high growth that
is sustained, generates mass
employment, and reduces poverty. With
good governance and anticorruption as
the overarching theme of each and every
intervention.
The Plan translates into specific
goals, objectives, strategies, programs
and projects all the things that we want to
accomplish in the medium term.

7. Development Planning
Through this Plan, we intend to pursue rapid and
sustainable economic growth and development, improve
the quality of life of the Filipino, empower the poor and
marginalized and enhance our social cohesion as a
nation. Our strategic development policy framework thus
focuses on improving transparency and accountability in
governance, strengthening the macro economy, boosting
the competitiveness of our industries, facilitating
infrastructure development, strengthening the financial
sector and capital mobilization, improving access to
quality social services, enhancing peace and security for
development, and ensuring ecological integrity.

8. Educational Planning in the
Third World
As evidenced by the development
experiences of the Third world
countries “Economic is not economic
growth alone. There are some non-economic
ingredients of economic
development”

9. More than half the
economic growth of the last
decade in industrialized
countries was due to factors
other than the classical inputs
of labor and capital, to
improvements in the quality
of labor due to scientific
research, technological
innovation and EDUCATION
AND TRAINING (A. King,
1967)

10. It was for this reason that educational
objectives were subsumed in national
development plans centered on the
task of orchestrating the tremendous
expansion of education systems with
the aims of:
a. Universalizing education
b. Providing national economies with the
qualified manpower they needed

11. Impact of the Over-all Integrated
Education Systems
a. The evolution of over-all integrated
education system
b. Development of educational
administration and organization of
planning structures within the education
system; and
c. Sharpened administrative perception on
the problem of efficiency in the system
(R.Singh, 1990)

12. Major Economic Crisis in the
’70s and’90s
• Austerity and belt tightening measures
were adopted led to a limitation in the
resources made available to education
• With the dwindling Financial resources
due to increased debt payments education
planning was confronted challenge to link
between reduced public budget for quality
education

13. Problems Encountered
• Excessive quantitative
orientation
• Over centralization
• Weaknesses in implementation
• Evaluation dimension is slow

14. Philippine Planning Experiences
• Public Administration (PA) from the western
concept was introduced in the Philippines
through National Economic Council and
International Cooperation Agency (ICA)
• Signing of MOA of the Quirino – Foster
Agreement in Nov. 1950
• The economic and technical cooperation
agreement between Phil & United States was
signed in 1951.
• The assistance gave emphasis on the
improvement of PA in the country

15. PA Assisted Projects
The Kroeger group of American consultants and
experts contributed tangibly the introduction of
American version of PA in the country.
• Improvement on budgeting, auditing, and
revenue collection and assessment, general
services, justice system and civil service;
• Police management and the setting of NBI;
• Census management;

16. PA Assisted Projects
• Organization and establishment of:
- Institute of PA at UP
- Bureau of Lands
- National Media Production Center
- Wage and Position Classification Office
• Organization of the Government Survey and
reorganization Commission in Congress
L.D. Kroeger et al, 1959

17. National Economic Council (NEC)
• Created in 1935 by virtue of CA No. 2
• Tasked as the economic adviser and to
formulate economic program
• For 13 years , NEC failed to come out
with comprehensive plans by it’s lack of
purposeful effort and political will on the
part of the national leadership

18. • Failed to adopt the Five year Economic and
Social Development Program FY 1957-1961 and
the Three year Program of Economic & Social
development FY 1959-1961
• In 1955 NEC was revitalized. The New NEC as
tasked to: a) advise the President on matters
concerning the economy, b) formulate definite &
consistent national economic policies and to
prepare comprehensive economic and social
development program

19. Integrated Reorganization Plan
(IRP)
• Creation of the Commission on
Reorganization (COR) in 1968 to promote
simplicity, economy and efficiency in the
government to enable it to pursue
programs consistent with the national
goals of accelerated social and economic
development and to improve the service in
the transaction of the public business

20. • In Sept 1972, Pres. Marcos declared
Martial Law and picked up the old
reorganization plan and named it
Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP) under
PD No. 1
• The NEC, Presidential Economic Staff
(PES) and some offices under the Budget
Commission were integrated into a new
super body called the NEDA chaired by the
Pres of the Republic. The Secretary of the
NEDA sits as the director general

21. • Regionalization as a policy was then
adopted to reduce disparities among
the different regions of the country.
into 17 administrative regions. The
establishment of RDCs, as the
planning and implementing machinery
in the region

22. • The IRP gave emphasis on the regional
planning and development in the country.
Three models are made based on the
degree of political & administrative
authority over regional offices and LGUs
namely:
1) RDC
2) MMDA
3) ARMM

23. Local Government Units
• RA 7160 Local Government Code further
strengthened the planning structures in local
levels. The LDCs as planning bodies are
lodged with the responsibility of formulating
development plans, appraising and
establishing priority socio-economic
development programs and projects and
coordinating and monitoring the
implementation of said programs and projects
with the participation of NGOs

24. Problems encountered by LDCs
• Lack of power and authority to
allocate and implement plans
• Plans are not religiously followed
• Limited amount of funds in the local
development fund

25. Planning in Higher Education
• Educational planning was operated on ad hoc
basis
• In 1970 The Phil Commission to Survey
Philippine Education (PCSPE) observed that
educational planning has not been the strength
of Philippine Education (B. Reyes, 1974)
• PCPSE recommended to FM to give further
emphasis to educational planning through the
promulgation of Education Development Decree
of 1972

26. Proliferation of SUCs
• 1972 23 SUCs P 706 Million
• 1984 78 SUCs
• 1984 100 SUCs
• 1990 P 4.6 B
• 1995 P 7.4 B
• 2010 P 23.8 B
• 2014 P 38 B
• 2015 P 43.3 B
81
Provinces
As of 2004,
PASUC's
membership
comprises 111
SUCs and 11
satellite
associations

27. in line with the Aquino Administration’s
Higher Education Reform Roadmap,
which aims to further improve the
quality of the country’s tertiary
education system through the provision
of key services and facilities
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
2015
http://www.gov.ph/2014/10/02/suc-budget-up-by-p5-2b-in-2015/

28. • The proliferation of SUCs
contributed significantly to the
ballooning of the Phi. Budget and
increase of external debt
• SUCs have become big spenders

29. • LOI No. 1461 in 1985
Each university or college shall identify
an area of specialization and its
capability to implement taking into
account its available resources, namely:
faculty, employees, finances, buildings,
and equipment etc.

30. • In 1994 the CHED was created by RA 7722.
• The result of the Congressional Commission on
education (EDCOM) study revealed that the
quality of Phil education was declining
continuously.

31. • Elem & HS were failing to teach the
competence of average citizen need to
become responsible, productive and self-fulfilling
• Colleges and technical and vocational
schools were not producing the manpower
needed to develop the economy

32. Thus, the EDCOM recommended
the restructuring of the DECS
into three major agencies:
1) CHED
2) The Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority
(TESDA)
3) Dept of Basic Education (DBE)

33. • CHED supervised higher education
institutions were required to submit
their ten year development plan
• In the private education sector the
preparation of a long term plan is
“sine qua non” as this is a
requirement before a college or
university is granted permit to
operate.
“sine qua non” is a noun which means
an essential condition; a thing that is absolutely necessary

34. • In a report of the GMA News Research posted
on December 1, 2006, it states that "in 15 years,
the number of SUCs in the country increased by
160 percent-from 138 main and satellite
campuses in 1990 to 364" in 2005.
• The unfortunate reality, however, is that the
quantity of SUCs does not guarantee quality
education. The unregulated propagation of
SUCs is not matched with the corresponding
increase in the budget for these institutions,
thereby diminishing the quality of service that
these academic institutions should be known for.
SEN. FERDINAND R. MARCOS, JR S.B. NO. 2188

35. Why does the Philippines Needs the
K+12 Education System?

36. Sufficient Instructional Time
If K- 12 will be implemented,
students will be able to get
sufficient instructional time to do
subject- related tasks which
makes them more prepared and
well- trained on that subject
area. On the other hand, if we
remain on the old system,
Filipino students would
continually get low achievement
scores. For instance,
international test results
revealed that we often come at
the tail end in the exams
compared to other countries.
More Skilled and Competent Labor
Force
Another good reason why we should
support K- 12 is that the graduates of
this program will be more prepared to
enter the labor force., they will be
equipped with the skills needed for a
specific job even without a college
degree. At the age of 18, the age when
they graduate from high school, they
will be employable and competitive
already. Thus, adding up to the nation’s
manpower.

37. Recognition as
Professionals Abroad
Finally, with K- 12,
Filipino graduates will
be automatically
recognized as
professionals abroad
because we are
following the
international education
standard as practiced
by all nations.
K- 12 is very beneficial to us
Filipinos. Therefore, we must
have the strong will in
supporting K- 12 Educational
Plan for the betterment of our
education system and
economy. If we want change in
our society, we must start it
with our education system.

39. Set your
creativity and
innovation in
motion
grow

40. Reference:
Eusebio M. Miclat (2000)
Development Planning and
Budgeting
Papyrus Publishing Company,
Rosales, Pangasinan
http://www.slideshare.net/jobitonio/strategic-planning-concepts-theories-
and-practices

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