The document summarizes the key aspects of India's 4th Five Year Plan presented by Prakash Chandra Mallick. It discusses that the 4th plan was initially focused on industrial development but funds had to be diverted for war needs. The objectives were to reform government spending, facilitate export growth, and alter socio-economic structure due to droughts and wars. The total outlay was Rs. 24,882 crores with priority on education expansion, tribal and backward class welfare, and making agriculture the main focus through initiatives like the Green Revolution.

1. PRESENTATION ON
4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN
SUBMITTED BY
PRAKASH CHANDRA MALLICK
ROLL-NO-M2013DTA014
SUBMITTED TO
DR. BIPIN JOJO
TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
MUMBAI

2. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FIVE YEAR
PLAN
 After independence, India was in dire conditions and needed to start
acting soon.
 Some of the problems necessitated need for an immediate plan:
• Vicious Poverty.
• Foreign Trade
• Need for rapid industrialisation.
• Development of natural resources.
• Capital deficiency and market inperfections.
• Population pressure.

3. Contd.
The pioneers of the Indian government formulated 5 years
plan to develop the Indian economy.
The duty of the Chairman of the planning commission in India is
served by the Prime Minister of the country.
The economy of India is based in part on planning through its
five-year plans, which are developed, executed and
monitored by the Planning Commission of India.

4. HISTORY OF FIVE YEAR PLAN
• Planning Commission was set up in March 1950.
• The main objective of the Government to promote a rapid rise in
the standard of living of the people by
– efficient exploitation of the resources of the country
– increasing production and
– offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the
community
• The Planning Commission was charged with the responsibility of
making assessment of all resources of the country, augmenting
deficient resources, formulating plans for the most effective and
balanced utilisation of resources and determining priorities.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning
Commission.

5. FUCTIONS OF THE PLANNING
COMMISION OF INDIA
• To make an assessment of the resources of the country and to see which
resources are deficient.
• To formulate plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of
country's resources.
• To indicate the factors which are hampering economic development.
• To determine the machinery, that would be necessary for the successful
implementation of each stage of plan.
• Periodical assessment of the progress of the plan.

6. CONTD.
• The commission is seeing to maximize the output with minimum
resources with the changing times.
• The Planning Commission has set the goal of constructing a long term
strategic vision for the future.
• It sets sectoral targets and provides the catalyst to the economy to grow in
the right direction.
• The Planning Commission plays an integrative role in the development of a
holistic approach to the formulation of policies in critical areas of human
and economic development.

7. 4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN.
The Fourth Five Year Plan was initially focused towards the development of
country’s industrial sector but as a result of the wars, a major segment of
the allotted funds was diverted towards the war needs.
OBJECTIVES
• To reform and restructure government expenditure agenda( defense became
one major expense)
• To facilitated growth in exports.
• To alter the socio economic structure of the society due to droughts and
wars.

8. MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING
COMMISSION IN 4TH FIVE YEAR PLAN
• INDIRA GANDHI – Chairman
• D.R GADGIL - Member
• R. VENKATRAMAN – Member
• V. VENKATAPPIAH – Member
• PITAMBAR PANT - Member
• B.D NAG CHAUDHURI- Member
• B.D PANDE- Secretary (August 1967 - February
1970)
• A. MIRTRA- Secretary (February 1970)

9. PLAN IN OUTLAY
• A total outlay of Rs. 24,882 crores is envisaged for the Fourth
Plan.
• Out of the aggregate outlay, Rs. 15,902 crores is in respect of
the public sector Plan and Rs, 8,980 crores for the private
sector.
• In the public sector Rs. 13,655 crores have been provided for
investment and Rs. 2,247 crores for current outlay.
• The total investment for the creation of productive assets
aggregates to Rs. 22,635 crores.

10. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN
The process of implementation is an essential part of five year plan. These
are several steps which should be taken...
• Annual plans
• State plans
• District planning
• Administrative machinery
• Public accountability
• Trainning.

11. APPROACH AND POLICY
• Economic situation
• Social situation
• Tempo of development
• The problems of weaker sections
• Correction of regional imbalances
• Social services
• Employment and per capita income
• Refashioning of institutions
• Organisation of Agricultural production
• Panchayati Raj and planning
• Nationalisation of banks
• Regulation of economic system
• Public sector operation

12. EDUCATION AND MANPOWER
• Priority will be given to the expansion of elementary education and the
emphasis will be on the provision of facilities for backward areas and
communities and for girls.
• A survey of the deficiencies in respect of buildings and equipment of
educational institutions will be made with a view to removing them
according to a phased programme.
• Other programmes of importance will be : improvement of teacher
education; expansion and improvement of science education ;raising
standards of post-graduate education and research; development of
Indian languages and book production, especially text books, and the
consolidation of technical education including reorganisation of
polytechnic education and its closer linking with the needs of industry and
its orientation towards self-employment.
• Increased efforts will be made to involve people in educational
programmes and to mobilise public support.
• Youth services will be developed.

13. CONTD.
• It is proposed to effect economies by utilisation of existing facilities to the
maximum possible extent, streamlining of the planning, implementing and
evaluating machinery, increasing the use of educational technologies—part-time
and correspondence courses, modern media of communication, optimum size of
institutions—which promote expansion and development with minimum
investment and without lowering standards; and undertaking new tasks only after
careful preparation through pilot projects.
• Activities like improvement of curricula and text-books in service education of
teachers and research in methods of teaching, which do not require large funds
but have' Government and non-Government (Local bodies fees, endowments, etc.)
on a types of educational institutions. a wide impact will be encouraged.
Educational programmes will be increasingly related to social and economic
objectives.
• This will require, among other tilings, co-ordination with development
programmes in other-sectors and the drawing up of a perspective plan on the
basis of manpower needs, social demand, and the likely availability of financial,
material and human resources.

14. WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT OF
BACKWARD CLASSES
• In the Fourth Plan it is proposed to lay emphasis on consolidation,
improvement and expansion of the services so that the process
initiated in the earlier plans is accelerated.
• The objective of integration with the rest of the society is proposed
to be related mainly to the equalisation of opportunities for
development of Backward classes.
• Accordingly, in the Fourth Plan tribal development blocks which
have completed State II will enter State III and get an allotment of
Rs. 10 lakhs for the further period of five years.
• There will be no further expansion of the programme of tribal
development blocks until the existing ones are stabilised.
Programmes for increasing agricultural production and livestock
produce should get the first priority. Programmes for diversifying
and modernising the occupational pattern of landless labourers
should come next

15. Contd.
• In the field of higher education, the scheme of post-matric
scholarships will be continued. In the Fourth Plan an outlay of Rs.
11 crores is provided for the award of post- matric scholarships to
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• In addition, about Rs. 33 crores would be available for the scheme
as committed expenditure for awarding post- matric scholarships.
Facilities of pre-examination coaching are proposed to be
expanded. In the States sector, schemes for grant of stipends,
scholarships, free studentships, mid-day meals, uniforms,
exemption from payment of examination fees, book grants and
hostel facilities will be continued.
• Special efforts will be made to spread education among members
of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes who educationally
are at a very low level and to reduce dropouts and wastages at the
middle and secondary stages.

16. Contd.
• An outlay of Rs. 1.5 crore is provided for research, training
facilities and special projects.
• The Planning Commission has constituted a Study Team on
Tribal Research Institutes to examine their research and
training activities, functions and actual working, to explore
the feasibility of including within the scope of their functions
the problems of Scheduled Castes and de-notified
communities in addition to Scheduled Tribes, and to examine
the need for setting up a Central Research and Training
Institute for coordinating the activities of the regional
institutes and for training personnel

17. Contd.
• Since voluntary organisations play an important role in extending welfare
activities among the backward classes, assistance will be given to them for
taking up projects like publicity and propaganda for removal of
untouchability, running hostels and educational institutions, organising
welfare and community centres, social education and conducting training
and orientation courses.
• Each State should review its legislative arid executive measures for
providing house-sites to members of the Scheduled Castes and other
weaker sections and conferring proprietary rights on homestead land
already occupied by them.
• Remedial steps may be undertaken to bring about effective enforcement
of the measures at the field level and for the removal of loopholes. Those
members of the Scheduled Castes who are landless should at least be
provided with house sites, if resources do not permit the grant of housing
aid to them for construction of houses. Mixed settlement of various
communities should be encouraged

18. AGRICULTURE AS THE MAIN FOCUS OF
THE PLAN.
• Green Revolution in India has advanced the agriculture.
• The Fourth Five Year Plan aimed at an annual growth rate of 5 per cent in
agriculture.
• The total investment in agricultural sector was Rs. 3,814 crores (24 per cent of
the total Plan outlay).
• Development of agricultural inputs like fertilisers, farm machineries too was
aimed at.
• A National Agricultural Commission was set up in 1970.
• The target for food grains output was set at 129 million tons for 1973-74 but the
actual production of food grains fell short at merely 103.6 million tons.
• During the Plan about 15.6 million hectares of additional cropped area was
brought under irrigation.
• The production of wheat went up sharply owing to the Green Revolution but the
growth in production of rice was nominal.
• Since 1972-73, the under-performance of the agricultural sector was the primary
cause of stagnation and inflationary pressure.
• Target Growth: 5.7 per cent. Actual Growth: 3.30 per cent.

19. FOOD AND NUTRITION
The main objectives of food policy in the Fourth Plan may,
therefore, be restated as:
• To ensure that consumer prices are stabilised and, in
particular, that the interests of the low income consumers are
safeguarded;
• To ensure that the producers get reasonable prices and
continue to have adequate incentives for increasing
production; and
• To build up an adequate buffer stock of foodgrains with a view
to ensuring both the objectives mentioned above.
• The continuance of public distribution system.

20. CONTD.
• The Fourth Plan attempts to set out an integrated nutrition programme.
Where so many are under-nourished, more food is the first step towards
better nutrition.
• In this sense, therefore, the nationwide endeavour to1 develop
agriculture, along with animal husbandry and fisheries, must be regarded
as the base of all effort in nutrition.
• In the very process of production, including the planning for different
crops, it is both necessary and possible to provide for the main needs of
good nutrition. While this will be sought to be ensured both generally in
the agriculture programmes and specifically in the areas covered by
schemes of applied nutrition, the important problem remains of
widespread malnutrition among certain vulnerable categories of the
population.
• Recent surveys indicate that nearly two-thirds of expectant mothers
belonging to the poorer sections of the community suffer from serious
malnutrition. Infant mortality continues to be high.

21. Contd.
The health of young children, both pre-school and school-going,
needs special care. Protein malnutrition is acute in some parts of
the country and deficiency diseases have a high incidence. Specific
programmes of nutrition, therefore, must also receive high priority.
In formulating them, the following requirements have to be kept in
mind:
• since resources are limited, it is necessary to establish priorities
with reference to needs, classes and areas;
• it is important to improve the efficiency, and extend the coverage,
of the organisations whicli serve the needs of the priority age-
groups, classes and areas, and
• programmes of distribution should be supported wherever this is
necessary, by programes of production, processing and supply.

22. HEALTH.
• During the Forth plan ,efforts will be made to provide an effective
base for health services in rural areas by strengthening the primary
health centres.
• These centres render preventive and curative health services, take
over the maintenance phase of communicable diseases control
programmes for malaria and small-pox and become the focal points
for a nation-wide family planning programme.
• Sub divisional and district hospitals will be strengthened to serve as
refrral centres for Primary Health Centres. The campaigns against
communicable diseases will be intensified.
• Medical and nursing education and training of paramedical
personnel will be expanded to meet the minimum technical man-
power requirements.

23. Contd.
• During the Fourth Plan, ten new medical colleges are likely to be opened increasing the
annual admissions to about 13,000 by 1974. Greater attention will be paid^to improvements
in existing colleges. The doctor population ratio has improved from 1 : 6100 in 1961 to 1 :
5150 in 1968 This is expected to improve further to 1 : 4300 by 1974.
• About 34,000 nurses have been added in the last eight years, bringing the total stock to
61,000 by 1968-69. Their number by the end of the Fourth Plan is estimated to go up to
88,000.
• During the Fourth Five Year Plan an outlay of Rs. 22 crores. has been earmarked for medical
research, which includes Rs. 11 crores for the Indian Council of Medical Research, Rs. 2 crores
for research under Indigenous Systems of Medicine, Rs. 2 crores for research institutes and
Rs. 7 crores for family planning research.
• During the last eight years, 70,100 general beds in Government institutions have been added,
bringing the total to 255,700. The target of establishing 54,000 beds during the Third Plan
was achieved. The pace of adding new beds slowed down during the subsequent years.
During 1969—74 it is intended to add 25,900 beds. Emphasis will be placed on better health
care facilities at sub-divisional and district hospitals by provision of specialist's services.

24. Contd.
• In the Fourth Five Year Plan, emphasis will be on the establishment of an
effective machinery for the speedy construction of buildings and
improving of primary health centres by providing staff, and equipment.
• It is also proposed during the Fourth Plan to establish 508 primary health
centres covering 340 blocks which do not yet have a centre so that there is
at least one primary health centre in each block.
• On the eve of the Fourth Plan, five Central Institutes and 43 State Family
Planning Training Centres are functioning. There are 4326 rural family
welfare planning centres, 22826 rural sub-centres and 1797 urban family
welfare planning centres in operation. The progress in opening sub-
centres has been unsatisfactory. This is due to shortage of auxiliary nurse-
mid-wives and want of suitable accommodation for female workers in the
rural areas.
• At the beginning of the Fourth Plan, 450 Family Planning annexes to
Primary Health Centres have been contructed (90 completed and 360 in
progress) and buildings of 2770 sub-centres have been taken up (1280
completed and 1490 in progress).

25. INDUSTRY.
• There is a considerable volume of underemployment of
manpower depending on agriculture & many employed in
traditional manufacturing industry, using very poor techniques.
• Focus was given to non-farm employment opportunities,
boom to industries related to metals, machine tool production,
communication, transport, petroleum, coal, etc.

26. REGIONAL AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
• Regional studies of metropolitan regions around Delhi, Greater Bombay
and Calcutta were initiated.
• By 1968, almost all the States had introduced Town Planning Legislation
with varying scope.
• During the period 1963—69, interim development plans for 40 cities were
completed. They provided necessary guidelines to Government
departments and public authorities in the use of land.
• There is a provision of Rs. 188 Crores in the States sector for urban
development, housing and metropolitan schemes.
• Decentralization of urban area by dispersal through suitable creation of
smaller centers in the rest of the area.

27. TRANSPORT
• Goods traffic carried by rail has increased by 42 per cent
between 1960-61 and 1968-69.By road has increased by 135
per cent.
• Passenger traffic by rail has increased between 1960-61 and
1968-69 by 37 per cent and that by road by 72 per cent.
• New railway lines and road network was extended and new
brigdes were developed for better connection

28. HOUSING.
• Appropriate lay-outs made for the growth in villages.
• Basic amenities such as water and sanitation in rural and urban
sector.
• To support the development in housing sector HUDCO was
established in 1970.
• Government provides accommodation to its employees.
• Special attention to the growth of small industries in rural
areas and small towns.

29. OTHER SCHEMES
• Small farmers development agency
• Antoyodhya (scheme for allocation of food grains to poor
families.)
• Drought-prone areas programs (scheme for drought affected
people.)
• Schemes for rural employment.
• The schemes were basically for poor so as to remove poverty.

30. PROBLEM FACED
• A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those
of the urban areas. Initial plans from the planning commission
concentrated over the rural strengthening .
• Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed
to long term goal. The Country was low in economic ability to
sustain long term goal planning
• The process of implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted
in 1966(severe drought in the country and aggressions from China
and Pakistan.)Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due
to these impacts
• The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five
Year Plans had annual plans. Wars and Natural calamities.

31. ACHIEVMENTS
• Served as a stepping stone for the economic growth
• Food grains production increased.
• Evolution of three tier system (Panchayati Raj) in Indian
governance.
• Regional and urban development was taken into
consideration.
• Industrial growth
• Importance of alabor intensiveproduction technology
in India