Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. It is widely used in construction materials like drywall and plaster. The document discusses the gypsum manufacturing process, which involves mining gypsum ore, crushing, drying, and grinding it. It also covers the properties, uses, advantages and disadvantages of gypsum, as well as market prices and a case study on its use in the Turning Torso building.

2. CONTENTS
1) WHAT IS GYPSUM?
2) MANUFACTURING PROCESS
3) PROPERTIES
4) USES
5) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
6) MARKET SURVEY
7) CASE STUDY
8) SOURCES

3. WHAT IS GYPSUM?
I. Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of
calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical
formula CaSO₄·2H₂O.
II. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and
as the main constituent in many forms
of plaster, blackboard/sidewalk chalk,
and drywall.
III. A massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted
variety of gypsum, called alabaster, has been
used for sculpture by many cultures
including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient
Rome, the Byzantine Empire, and
the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England.
IV. Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals
of selenite.
V. It also forms as an evaporite mineral and as
a hydration product of anhydrite.
VI. The word gypsum is derived from
the Greek word γύψος (gypsos), "plaster.
VII. Itt is also available in different colors.

4. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
I. Gypsum ore, from quarries and underground
mines, is crushed and stockpiled near a plant.
Asneeded, the stockpiled ore is further crushed
and screened to about 50 millimeters (2 inches)
in diameter.
II. If the moisture content of the mined ore is
greater than about 0.5 weight percent, the ore
must be dried in a rotary dryer or a heated
roller mill.
III. Ore dried in a rotary dryer is conveyed to a
roller mill, where it is ground to the extent that
90 percent of it is less 149 micrometers
(µm)(100 mesh). The ground gypsum exits the
mill in a gas stream and is collected in a
product cyclone. Ore is sometimes dried in the
roller mill by heating the gas stream, so that
drying and grinding are accomplished
simultaneously and no rotary dryer is needed.
IV. The finely ground gypsum ore is known as
landplaster, which may be used as a soil
conditioner.
EXCAVATION
CRUSHING
SCREENING
GRINDING
HEATING

5. PROPERTIES
I. Gypsum is moderately water-soluble.
II. It exhibits retrograde solubility, becoming less
soluble at higher temperatures.
III. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and
converts first to calcium sulfate hemihydrate,
(bassanite, often simply called "plaster") and, if
heated further, to anhydrous calcium sulfate.
IV. As for anhydrite, its solubility in saline solutions and
in brines is also strongly dependent
on NaCl (common table salt) concentration
V. Gypsum crystals are found to contain anion
water and hydrogen bonding.
VI. occurs in nature as flattened and
often twinned crystals, and transparent, cleavable
masses called selenite.
VII. A very fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of
gypsum, called alabaster.
VIII. In arid areas, gypsum can occur in a flower-like
form, typically opaque, with embedded sand grains
called desert rose.

6. USES
• Gypsum board is primarily used as a finish for
walls and ceilings.
• Gypsum blocks are used like concrete blocks
in building construction.
• Gypsum mortar is an ancient mortar used in
building construction
• Plaster ingredients are used in surgical splints,
casting moulds and modeling.
• Fertilizer and soil conditioner.
• It is also used in ameliorating high-sodium
soils, such as in the Zuiderzee Works.
• A tofu (soy bean curd) coagulant, making it
ultimately a major source of dietary calcium,
especially in Asian cultures which traditionally
use few dairy products
• Adding hardness to water used for brewing.
• Tests have shown that gypsum can be used to
remove pollutants such
as lead or arsenic from contaminated waters.

7. ADVANTAGES
I. Gypsum plaster saves
construction time
II. Gypsum plaster has lower impact
on environment
III. Gypsum plaster incurs low water
usage
IV. Elimination of shrinkage cracks
V. Gypsum plaster offers ease of
application
VI. Lighter construction with gypsum
plaster
VII. Better heat insulation with Gypsum
Plaster
VIII.Gypsum plaster offers better
acoustics
DISADVANTAGES
I. Can not be used for
external plastering
because highly soluble
in water.
II. Expensive than cement
sand plaster.
III. Needs more skilled
workers for pointing.

8. MARKET SURVEY
• GYPSUM BOARDS
• PLSTER OF PARIS
• PLASTERBOARDS
• WALL PANELS
• FLOORING TILES
• JALIS
• MORTAR
• JAIPUR- RS.55/SQFT
• NEW DELHI- RS.60/SQFT
• PUNE- RS75/SQFT
• HEYDRABAD- RS.60/SQFT
GYPSUM WALL
PANELS
• MUMBAI- RS.310/PC
• NEW DELHI- RS300/PC
• NOIDA-RS. 90/SQFT
• CHENNAI-RS. 301/PC
GYPSUM
BOARDS
PLASTER OF
PARIS
• PUNE- RS.120-170/SQFT
• NCRREGION- RS.85-130/SQFT
• AHEMDABAD- RS.50-120/SQFT
• KOLKATA-RS.50-150/SQFT

9. CASE STUDY
Turning Torso in Malmö – an end user case
I. The remarkable building, Turning Torso, is located in
Malmö, Sweden with its 54 stories rising 190 m in the air
II. Santiago Calatrava, one of the most fascinating
architects of our time, created HSB Turning Torso with
inspiration from a sculpture called Twisting Torso which
shows the human body in a twisting motion
III. HSB Turning Torso is an amazing combination of
sculpture and building. It is also one of the few
landmarks in the world to become part of everyday life
with its 147 apartments, ten floors of offices and
conference facilities on the two top floors
IV. HSB Turning Torso is not only a wonder of cutting-edge
architecture; it is also a building that facilitates an
environmentally adapted way of life for the inhabitants
V. During the construction of Turning Torso all contractors
were obliged to sort their waste. The waste materials
varied from one contractor to another and included
metal, plasterboard, wood etc. As much waste as
possible was sent to recycling
VI. We are proud to count Turning Torso among our
customers. During the building project several hundred
tons of plasterboard waste was recycled through our
system

10. SOURCES
I. http://gipsrecycling.no/16060-1_Casestudies/
II. https://masterpiece1994.wordpress.com/tag/disadvantages-of-gypsum-plaster/
III. http://www.gharexpert.com/tips/articles/group/112065/%20disAdvantages%20of%20Gypsu
m%20Plasters
IV. https://www.homify.in/ideabooks/6168612/8-advantages-of-gypsum-plaster-you-should-
absolutely-know
V. https://masterpiece1994.wordpress.com/tag/disadvantages-of-gypsum-plaster/
VI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum#:~:text=Gypsum%20is%20a%20soft%20sulfate,%2Fsid
ewalk%20chalk%2C%20and%20drywall.
VII. https://gypsum.org/making-gypsum-
board/#:~:text=To%20produce%20gypsum%20board%2C%20crushed,on%20a%20long%20bo
ard%20machine.
VIII. https://orebeneficiation.wordpress.com/2012/01/15/five-stages-of-gypsum-
production-process/
IX. https://www.awci.org/cd/pdfs/9102_d.pdf