STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION USING FORMULATED SURFACTANT - Practical use and reference

1. STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF
AND CONTINUES INJECTION
USING FORMULATED SURFACTANT
Production Geologist (Development Geologist)
Practical use and reference

2. SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF &
PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION
ACTIVITY
 Introduction
 Subsurface Situation
 Reservoir Screening
 Pattern Area and well Selection
 Summary Data Initial Screening & Verification of Reserves
 Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells
 Huff & Puff wells
 water injection wells
 Laboratory Test
 Fluid properties Test
 Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test
 Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test
 Mixture Viscosity Test
 Surface Facility
 Stimulation Huff & Puff
 Continues Injection
 Forecast & Actual Production

3. SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES
INJECTION
The purpose of Surfactant Stimulation Huff & Puff
and Continues Injection is to Enhance Oil Production
and Recovery by Stimulating the Reservoir Behavior
and Performance. The Situation of Mature Reservoir
in most of well at the situation (in figure), can
describe as follow :
 Near wellbore (blue area) area become
dominated by water saturation and no oil
can move from this area only.
 Since oil mobility is slower than water, then
water bypassed the oil to oil well make the
water channel, at this situation oil production
drop significantly.
 Conventional Methods are difficult to handle
this condition.
INTRODUCTION

4. The Holistic Approach is by enhancing
Reservoir Performance with criteria as
follow:
 Modify water channel and change
the flow path to sweep unswept
(oil bank).
 Peel out oil from rock surface in
Reservoir.
 Make oil able to go out from pore
throat then to higher permeability
area (water channel).
 Avoid oil from sticking again to
rock surface.
 Bring oil from pore to the
production wells.
Surfactant Formulated (such: SeMAR/ SurPlus Technology) work by bringing the oil
from the oil bank (dark black) to wellbore (blue) by modification of reservoir behavior
and reservoir fluid flow performance.
INTRODUCTIONSURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES
INJECTION

5. Relative Permeability (%)
kro
before
EOR
kro
after
EOR
krw
before
EOR
krw
after
EOR
Sw at Capillary
Barrier before
EOR
Sw at Capillary
Barrier after
EOR
Cross Section Point between kro and krw known as
Pc0 (Capillary Pressure Barrier) and Water
Saturation at this point describe as Sw Capillary, at
this point Watercut start increase sharply and oil
production drop significantly. It is the indication
that reservoir already reach the MATURE Stage.
Effort to move Sw Capillar to the Right (higher Sw),
as process of Enhance Oil Recovery.
Swr(eor) = 1 – Sor(eor)
Change in Sw (%)
Pc
0.0
Free imbibition
process
( + )
( - )
Drainage
process
Imbibition
process
Swi
1 2 3Pc0
Legend
Pri = Initial Reservoir Pressure
Pc = Capillary pressure
Pc0 = Pc barrier
Sw = Water saturation
Swi = Initial water saturation
Swr(eor) = Residual water
saturation after Enhance Oil
Recovery (EOR) at maximum
Pressure-Volume (max PV)
Sor(eor) = Residual oil saturation
after EOR at max PV
Free Imbibition Mechanism
Explanatory Notes
1 = Change in Sw Max due to
imbibition of water at ambient
atmospheric pressure
2 = Change in Sw Max due to
imbibition of wetting chemical
(SurPlus) at ambient atmospheric
pressure
3 = Change in Sw Max due to
imbibition of wetting chemical
(SurPlus) at reservoir pressure
(Swr(eor) = 1 – Sor(eor))
Pri
Primary
Recovery
EO
R
EOR

6. Wettability Alteration, as method to peel out oil from rock surface by put the chemical
replacing of the oil position on rock surface
Utilizing produce water or Sea water to
mix with Surfactant Formulated such:
(SeMAR/ SurPlus Technology) chemical
will be very useful to reduce excessive
water production from Reservoir.
SURFACTANT STIMULATION HUFF & PUFF AND CONTINUES INJECTION
INTRODUCTION
Oil Come Out as Result of Imbibition of in the Core

7. Subsurface Situation
Subsurface Situation information may consist of:
Field Area and location, Regional Geology (Structure & stratigraphy
Regional), Tectonic development, Structure and Stratigraphy of the
field, Reservoir description, Production History, (Detail Geology ,
Geophysics, Reservoir Data's such: Seismic, Wells, Reservoir,
Production, Reserve, Well correlation, Petrophysic model –
Interpretation, Subsurface Geology model, Properties model, etc.),
Current and plan Operations activity, etc.

8. Subsurface Situation
Example: Subsurface Situation
T-Field in South Africa

9. Reservoir Screening
Screening of EOR (Enhance Oil Recovery) Method should
conduct each layer / zone due to may have different reservoir
characteristic. Reservoir parameters are necessary for EOR
Screening , consist of:
1. Oil API gravity
2. Oil viscosity
3. Rocks Porosity
4. Oil Saturation
5. Lithology
6. Permeability
7. Reservoir Depth & temperature
8. Hydrocarbon composition etc.

10. Pattern Area and well Selection
 The Selection of Injection/ water flooding area on a full scale mainly based on the
following principles:
 Selection of the optimum area Injection/ water flooding should take into account
the remaining reserves (massive), interwell connectivity in the pattern area and
the rock quality is pretty good.
 Located in the center of oil production (oil production center), close to the
terminal collecting / processing, easy setting and monitoring.
 Area free of junk equipment and production equipment so as to facilitate
construction.
 The state of connectivity with the surrounding oil wells relative good.
 Relative close to the water injection facility.
Reservoir Screening

11. Reservoir Screening
ZONES Open Layer BOPD
Qoi
(BOPD)
Rate
Max
Cum.
(MBO)
Proven
(MBO)
Remaining
(MBO)
1 T-289 H S3 S3(259.0 - 262.0) 6 12.58 15.8 23.51 No fluid (Suspended) 3-S3 62.8 39.29
2 T -196 - S5 S5 (311.12-328) 6 157 41.4 175.56
(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,
5" csg)
5-S5 182 6.44
3 T- 127 - S2 S2 (222.21 – 223) 6 629 ? ?
(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,
6" csg)
4-S2 20.4 ?
4 T-061 H S3
S3A (232.0 - 263.0); S3B (254.5
- 255.5)
6 ? 16.3 8.9
High WC,(then POP), Prod.
21-03-14
3-S3 68.3 59.4
5 T-092 - S2 or S1 S2 or S1 (181.29-187.1) 6 19 ? 2.15
High WC,(then POP), Prod.
21-03-15
4-S2 20.4 18.25
6 T-202 F S1 or STC S1 or STC (185.0 - 192.0) 6 251 8.6 24.98
Suspended , Fish (Tag
@82.5m)
2-STC 40.8 15.82
7 T-099 G S5 S5(328.0-330.5; 320.0-324.5) 6 18.86 12.2 18.7 Wait pressure down 2-S5 86.4 67.7
8 T-230 D STC STC(158.5-166) 6 189 16.5 103.14 prepare all materials 1-STC 116.6 13.46
9 T-227 C STC STC (167-179.2) 6 75 57.7 45.9 POP, being Observation 1-STC 99.5 53.6
10 T-224 D STC STC (173.4-190.65) 6 ? 41.4 56.4
POOH 3-1 / 2 " junk basket
23 ft + 5 JTS 2-7 / 8 "
1-STC 98 41.6
11 T-221 E STC STC (123.3-127.9) 6 30 ? 6.7 being Observation 2-STC 68.4 61.7
12 T-218 D S1 or STC STC (146.5-147) 6 63 ? 22.7 POP, being Observation 1-STC 49.8 27.1
13 T-215 H S5 S5 (339-345) 6 13 17.7 27.15 POP, being Observation 3-S5 31.3 4.15
14 T-212 M S5 S5 or S6 (303.61-311) 6 ? 6 27.16
Cont' re-opening work :
RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill
8-S5 32.4 5.24
15 T-209 E S1 S1 (194-201) 6 ? 19.8 22.5 POP, being Observation 2-S1 102.1 79.6
16 T-206 F S1 S1 (?-248) 6 ? ? 10.1 POP, being Observation 2-S1 63.8 53.7
17 T-203 - S3 S3(246.17-257.36) 6 541 3.2 98.2 POP, being Observation 8-S3 98.3 0.1
18 T-200 M S5 S5(320.09-327.5) 6 ? ? 27.1 POP, being Observation 7-S5 34.6 7.5
19 T-197 L S3 S3 (?-227 ) 6 ? 21.6 25.6 POP, being Observation 7-S3 57.3 31.7
20 T-194 M S7 S7 (421.8-423.0) 6 6 38.5 17.1 POP, being Observation 7-S7 65 47.9
21 T-191 G S3 S3(232.25-248.5) 6 126 32.3 85.18
AFE approved (Location
Ready)
3-S3 87.4 2.22
22 T-188 - STC STC (167.8-168)OH 6 19 25.6 33.7
AFE Reopening approved
(Location Ready)
9-STC 77.8 44.1
23 T-185 G S5 - S6 S5 - S6 (286.2-402.0) 6 7.5 ? 2.5 AFE Reopening approved 2-S5 22.7 20.2
24 T-182 - STC
LSTC ( 101.0-102.5 ; 98.0-99.0 ;
6 ? 47.4 83.7
Current Injector
5-STC 124.4 40.7
Prod History Reserve
Remark
Pattern
location
SampleNo Well Name
TARGET
Example: Initial Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for HUFF & PUFF

12. Reservoir Screening
12 T-218 D S1or STC STC (146.5-147) 6 63 ? 22.7 POP, being Observation 1-STC 49.8 27.1
13 T-215 H S5 S5(339-345) 6 13 17.7 27.15 POP, being Observation 3-S5 31.3 4.15
14 T-212 M S5 S5or S6(303.61-311) 6 ? 6 27.16
Cont' re-opening work :
RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill
8-S5 32.4 5.24
15 T-209 E S1 S1(194-201) 6 ? 19.8 22.5 POP, being Observation 2-S1 102.1 79.6
16 T-206 F S1 S1(?-248) 6 ? ? 10.1 POP, being Observation 2-S1 63.8 53.7
17 T-203 - S3 S3(246.17-257.36) 6 541 3.2 98.2 POP, being Observation 8-S3 98.3 0.1
18 T-200 M S5 S5(320.09-327.5) 6 ? ? 27.1 POP, being Observation 7-S5 34.6 7.5
19 T-197 L S3 S3(?-227) 6 ? 21.6 25.6 POP, being Observation 7-S3 57.3 31.7
20 T-194 M S7 S7(421.8-423.0) 6 6 38.5 17.1 POP, being Observation 7-S7 65 47.9
21 T-191 G S3 S3(232.25-248.5) 6 126 32.3 85.18
AFE approved (Location
Ready)
3-S3 87.4 2.22
22 T-188 - STC STC (167.8-168)OH 6 19 25.6 33.7
AFE Reopening approved
(Location Ready)
9-STC 77.8 44.1
23 T-185 G S5- S6 S5- S6(286.2-402.0) 6 7.5 ? 2.5 AFE Reopening approved 2-S5 22.7 20.2
24 T-182 - STC
LSTC ( 101.0-102.5; 98.0-99.0;
91.0-94.0), S1(197.5-199.0)
6 ? 47.4 83.7
Current Injector
(continues Injector)
5-STC 124.4 40.7
25 T-179 M S3/ S5 (305.36-310.8) 6 31 24.4 70.1
Current Injector
(continues Injector)
8-S5 94 23.9
T-176 - STC (85.5-102.0) 6 157 67.7 38.1
Current Injector
(continues Injector)
4-STC 96.4 58.3
26 T-173 H STC ? 6 ? 62.8 16.3 Current Injector 3-STC 71.5 55.2
27 T-170 - STC LSTC (83.0-89.5; 73.5-81.5) 6 19.4 37.1 4.16 Current Injector 4-STC 71.5 67.34
168Total Gain
ZONES Open Layer BOPD
Qoi
(BOPD)
Rate
Max
Cum.
(MBO)
Proven
(MBO)
Remaining
(MBO)
1 T-289 H S3 S3(259.0- 262.0) 6 12.58 15.8 23.51 No fluid (Suspended) 3-S3 62.8 39.29
2 T -196 - S5 S5(311.12-328) 6 157 41.4 175.56
(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,
5" csg)
5-S5 182 6.44
3 T- 127 - S2 S2(222.21–223) 6 629 ? ?
(No log, Run CBL-VDL-GR,
6" csg)
4-S2 20.4 ?
4 T-061 H S3
S3A (232.0- 263.0); S3B (254.5
- 255.5)
6 ? 16.3 8.9
High WC,(then POP), Prod.
21-03-14
3-S3 68.3 59.4
5 T-092 - S2or S1 S2or S1(181.29-187.1) 6 19 ? 2.15
High WC,(then POP), Prod.
21-03-15
4-S2 20.4 18.25
6 T-202 F S1or STC S1or STC (185.0- 192.0) 6 251 8.6 24.98
Suspended , Fish (Tag
@82.5m)
2-STC 40.8 15.82
7 T-099 G S5 S5(328.0-330.5; 320.0-324.5) 6 18.86 12.2 18.7 Wait pressure down 2-S5 86.4 67.7
8 T-230 D STC STC(158.5-166) 6 189 16.5 103.14 prepare all materials 1-STC 116.6 13.46
9 T-227 C STC STC (167-179.2) 6 75 57.7 45.9 POP, being Observation 1-STC 99.5 53.6
10 T-224 D STC STC (173.4-190.65) 6 ? 41.4 56.4
POOH 3-1 / 2 " junk basket
23 ft + 5 JTS 2-7 / 8 "
1-STC 98 41.6
11 T-221 E STC STC (123.3-127.9) 6 30 ? 6.7 being Observation 2-STC 68.4 61.7
12 T-218 D S1or STC STC (146.5-147) 6 63 ? 22.7 POP, being Observation 1-STC 49.8 27.1
13 T-215 H S5 S5(339-345) 6 13 17.7 27.15 POP, being Observation 3-S5 31.3 4.15
14 T-212 M S5 S5or S6(303.61-311) 6 ? 6 27.16
Cont' re-opening work :
RIH 4-1/2" pilot mill
8-S5 32.4 5.24
15 T-209 E S1 S1(194-201) 6 ? 19.8 22.5 POP, being Observation 2-S1 102.1 79.6
16 T-206 F S1 S1(?-248) 6 ? ? 10.1 POP, being Observation 2-S1 63.8 53.7
17 T-203 - S3 S3(246.17-257.36) 6 541 3.2 98.2 POP, being Observation 8-S3 98.3 0.1
18 T-200 M S5 S5(320.09-327.5) 6 ? ? 27.1 POP, being Observation 7-S5 34.6 7.5
Prod History Reserve
Remark
Pattern
location
SampleNo Well Name
TARGET
Example: Initial Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for Continues Injection
Example: Data sheet may fulfilled for Initial
Screening Summary and Verification Reserves for
HUFF & PUFF or Continues Injection

13. Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells
Subsurface Evaluation from recent Operated wells (Reactivation, Workover,
Deepening etc.), that the wells as canditate for Surfactan Stimulation by Huff &
Puff should prepared, the evaluation may consist the information such well
information, well operation description, production zone and hystory, Fluid
properties, Rate production Reservoir thicknes, well location on depth
structure and properties maps, (Initial, Rate and performance of production
etc.).
Subsurface Evaluation from recent water injection wells, as canditate for
Surfactan Stimulation by continues injection the evaluation consist same as
describe on Huff & Puff wells, with additional information such Fluid/ Water
Injection profile @ current time, Isopach, and Buble maps could be overlied
etc..
Huff & Puff wells
Continues Injection wells

14. Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
10
100
1000
BOPD
BFPD
WC
The T-289 has initial production :12.58 bfpd / 12.58 bopd (June 1912), has
maximum rate production on Mei 1993 is 15.8 bopd/ 79.9%wc on layer S3, then
suspended from Augusts 1993 to November 2003 and put on production again
until Augusts 2011, and the cumulative production 23.5 MBO
Reactivation work T-289 done on 26-29 April 2014, with result No Fluids. RIH
bailer, tag @ 253.49m, RIH scrapper, circulation, RIH tubing 2-7/8" edge is open
@ 226m, Preparation for Put on production (bailer truck).
From Production data and correlation of near wells such T-149 & T-061, also
those Structure and Isopach Map indicate that the layer S3 on fault block III is
fairly productive layer.
Example: Subsurface Analysis Candidate well for HUFF & PUFF
Subsurface situation T-289 well in West part T- Field

15. Example: Subsurface Analysis Candidate well for Continues Injection
Water injection as pressure maintenance of T field has 7 wells since 2014 until June 2016, there are T-100A, T-017, T-274, 087A,
T-150, T-522, T-097, but only 4 wells that active as injector. T-100A status is SI and had ever POP, T-274 & T-097 had activated
as injector, therefore the latest water injection active status only 4 consist of: T-017, T-087A, T-150, & KM-522, are fairly productive
layers.
Profile production – Injection T Field
Subsurface situation T-274 well Injector in SE part T- Field Subsurface situation T274 well Injector in West part T- Field
Subsurface Analysis Candidate wells

16. Laboratory Test
The primary objective of laboratory test is to determine and select a modifier of
Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) that gives
an optimum performance to increase the oil recovery reservoir. If the field has no
existing core (only one core description old data) then laboratory test of the
reservoir will be conduct Fluid properties Test, Formulated Surfactant (Such
vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) Screening -Phase Behavior Test,
Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) Screening
-Spontaneous Imbibition Test, and Mixture Viscosity Test.
The main purpose of Laboratory test are to determine the optimum imbibition
condition which consist of soaking time and Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor
SeMAR/ Surplus Technology) etc.) concentration based on the result phase
behaviour test, and to find theoptimum Formulated Surfactant (Such vendor
SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) modifier selection for Formulated Surfactant
(Such vendor SeMAR/ Surplus Technology etc.) stimulation process under field
condition.

17.  Fluid properties Test
The Fluid properties test consists of Fluid Density and viscosity of Oil & formation water and
Formation Water Analysis. The Objective Fluid density test is to measure density of oil and formation
water at atmospheric temperature and reservoir conditions usually using a picnometer, and the
objective of Fluid viscosity test is to measure viscosity of oil and formation water at reservoir
temperature conditions usually using Ostwalt visco meter.
 Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test
The objective of Formulated Surfactant Screening -Phase Behavior Test is to obtain the
concentration of Formulated Surfactant at which the oil and Formulated Surfactant solution form an
optimum microemulsion.
 Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test
The objective of Formulated Surfactant Screening -Spontaneous Imbibition Test is to determine the
best Formulated Surfactant formulation for enhancing oil recovery using a selection of proprietary
chemistries.
 Mixture Viscosity Test
The objective of Mixture Viscosity Test is to analyze viscosity value related to mobility of mixture fluid
that will occur in the reservoir.
Laboratory Test

18. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
%OilRecovery)
Soaking Time (Day)
AirFormasi(S-1)
S12A1%(S-2)
S12A1%+ STA-3 0.5%
(S-3)
S18A1%(S-4)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Viskositas(cp)
%Minyak
S12A0.5%
S12A1%
S12A2%
S12A3%
S12A4%
S13A*2%
S13A*3.5%
S13A*5%
Imbibition Lab Results for SL Field Viscoemulsion Lab Result for SL Field
Example Test Result
Laboratory Test

19. Surface Facility
There are two type of surface facility regarding production
optimization using surfactant stimulation huff & puff and continues
injection, first is rental facility unit gathering station for stimulation
huff & puff at reopening wells, 2nd using existing gathering station for
continues injection at injector wells, and for proper engineering
practices will be suggested by Facility engineer, Civil Engineer, and
Process engineer.

20. Surface Facility Stimulation Huff & Puff
Huff and Puff is a process of
injecting surfactant solution
into a well, and then allowed to
stand (soaking) sometime after
it was produced back in. So
Huff and Puff was injecting
chemicals into a well and
produce at the same well.

21. The Example lay out of the operating unit injection preparation huff and puff of T
field . There are some equipment needed in the operation of Huff and Puff
surfactants are as follows:
1. Tank Mixer commonly used cementing (2x50 bbl)
2. Workover rig for setting and pull the plug pumps and cubing
3. The water reservoir tank (2x300 bbl)
4. The tank container surfactant solution (2x160 bbl)
5. Line-line injection
6. Injection pump
Surface Facility Stimulation Huff & Puff

22. Continue………. (From the Layout example previous slide)
A1= Water Source (Capacity 600-700 bfpd)
A2= Water Sources existing
Location equipment at Gathering Station
B. Water collection tanks of gathering station after optimal (600-700 bfpd) and
separation of production wells (700-800 bwpd). total 1300-1400 ~ 0.9 bpm
C. Injection pump with automatic switch
Location equipment at Well Huff & Puff
D. Suction pumps for chemical transfer into the batch mixer
E. Batch mixer circulatory system and agitation (2 x 50 bbl)
F. Centrifugal pump (transfer from batch mixer tank to the collector)
G. collector tank @ 170 bbls (+ contain chemical fluid that is ready to be injected into
the well)
H. Transfer pumps and the "T" valve for fluid transfer to the main pump and for
circulating fluid in the tank remains homogeneous
I. Pumping units (2 x 350 kpa). all equipment BJ services using diesel power
J. The wells (800 psi injectivity results, 2500 bwpd ~ 2 bpm
Surface Facility Stimulation Huff & Puff

23. Surface Facility Continues Injection
Surface facility regarding production optimization using surfactant
stimulation continues injection using existing gathering station at injector
wells. For modification and proper engineering practices will be
suggested by Facility engineer, Civil Engineer, and Process engineer.

24. Forecast & Actual Production
Example Forecast & Actual Production
FORECAST Production T-Field
FORECAST & ACTUAL Production O-Field

25. Reference
 From many Sources