The document discusses various techniques for stereoscopic 3D imaging and viewing. It describes how stereoscopy creates the illusion of depth by presenting offset images to each eye. There are three main strategies - using eyeglasses to view separate or filtered images, or having light sources split images directionally without glasses. Common viewing methods include side-by-side images, transparency viewers, head-mounted displays, 3D viewers using shutter glasses or polarized filters, and anaglyph images using color filters.
This document discusses cataracts and presbyopia, as well as treatment options performed by Dr. Helga Fuenfhausen Pizio. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens that causes vision problems and is common in older adults. Symptoms include blurry or faded vision. Surgery is the only treatment and involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. For presbyopia, which causes near vision issues, multifocal lenses can provide both near and distance vision after cataract surgery without glasses. Dr. Pizio performs cataract surgery using small incisions and ultrasound and was the first in Nevada to implant a new multifocal lens.
1) NETRA is an interactive display that estimates refractive errors and focal range by taking the inverse approach of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It uses high-resolution displays and user interaction rather than lasers and sensors.
2) The user interacts with patterns on the display to measure their farthest and nearest focal points, allowing NETRA to determine refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, as well as the overall focal range.
3) NETRA has applications in low-cost, portable eye exams that could improve eye care access in developing countries. Over 600 million people lack corrective glasses due to limited resources.
NETRA is a low-cost, easy-to-use clip-on device for cell phones that allows users to test their vision and estimate their refractive error from home without any additional equipment or training. It works by using the inverse of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor principle and interactive displays to measure a user's ability to focus light points at different distances. This provides an estimation of conditions like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The device could help the millions of people with untreated refractive errors access vision screening and corrections.
This ppt contains all the details of Stereoscopic imaging. It includes from history, introduction, its working technique, 3D viewers, 3D cameras, future scope, advantages, disadvantages. In all, its the complete stuff that can satisfy anyone.
Stereoscopic imaging uses two slightly different images, one for each eye, to give the perception of depth. It originated in the 1800s with the development of stereoscopes and stereo cameras. Today stereoscopic techniques include anaglyph, polarization, and shutter glasses methods. Stereoscopic imaging has applications in entertainment, medicine, space exploration, and more. Future developments may allow glass-free 3D viewing through techniques like autostereoscopy.
This document provides an overview of computational near-eye displays with focus cues. It begins with a brief history of virtual and augmented reality technologies. Current VR displays cause vergence-accommodation conflicts by presenting virtual images at a fixed focal plane. Advanced optics can provide focus cues by using adaptive optics, gaze-contingent displays, multi-plane displays, near-eye light field displays, or Maxwellian-type displays. Studies show that providing focus cues improves the accommodation response in users and enhances the viewing experience. Future work aims to solve challenges like expanding depth of field and increasing resolution in light field displays.
The document describes a cell phone-based optometry solution called NETRA that can measure refractive errors without expensive specialized equipment. NETRA uses the phone's display and camera with an eyepiece to create an interactive test similar to a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It measures a person's refractive error by having them view and align virtual points on the display. This allows determining their far and near focal points to diagnose conditions like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The solution aims to make basic eye exams more affordable and accessible worldwide, especially in areas without access to eye care professionals.
This document discusses cataracts and presbyopia, as well as treatment options performed by Dr. Helga Fuenfhausen Pizio. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens that causes vision problems and is common in older adults. Symptoms include blurry or faded vision. Surgery is the only treatment and involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. For presbyopia, which causes near vision issues, multifocal lenses can provide both near and distance vision after cataract surgery without glasses. Dr. Pizio performs cataract surgery using small incisions and ultrasound and was the first in Nevada to implant a new multifocal lens.
1) NETRA is an interactive display that estimates refractive errors and focal range by taking the inverse approach of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It uses high-resolution displays and user interaction rather than lasers and sensors.
2) The user interacts with patterns on the display to measure their farthest and nearest focal points, allowing NETRA to determine refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, as well as the overall focal range.
3) NETRA has applications in low-cost, portable eye exams that could improve eye care access in developing countries. Over 600 million people lack corrective glasses due to limited resources.
NETRA is a low-cost, easy-to-use clip-on device for cell phones that allows users to test their vision and estimate their refractive error from home without any additional equipment or training. It works by using the inverse of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor principle and interactive displays to measure a user's ability to focus light points at different distances. This provides an estimation of conditions like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The device could help the millions of people with untreated refractive errors access vision screening and corrections.
This ppt contains all the details of Stereoscopic imaging. It includes from history, introduction, its working technique, 3D viewers, 3D cameras, future scope, advantages, disadvantages. In all, its the complete stuff that can satisfy anyone.
Stereoscopic imaging uses two slightly different images, one for each eye, to give the perception of depth. It originated in the 1800s with the development of stereoscopes and stereo cameras. Today stereoscopic techniques include anaglyph, polarization, and shutter glasses methods. Stereoscopic imaging has applications in entertainment, medicine, space exploration, and more. Future developments may allow glass-free 3D viewing through techniques like autostereoscopy.
This document provides an overview of computational near-eye displays with focus cues. It begins with a brief history of virtual and augmented reality technologies. Current VR displays cause vergence-accommodation conflicts by presenting virtual images at a fixed focal plane. Advanced optics can provide focus cues by using adaptive optics, gaze-contingent displays, multi-plane displays, near-eye light field displays, or Maxwellian-type displays. Studies show that providing focus cues improves the accommodation response in users and enhances the viewing experience. Future work aims to solve challenges like expanding depth of field and increasing resolution in light field displays.
The document describes a cell phone-based optometry solution called NETRA that can measure refractive errors without expensive specialized equipment. NETRA uses the phone's display and camera with an eyepiece to create an interactive test similar to a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. It measures a person's refractive error by having them view and align virtual points on the display. This allows determining their far and near focal points to diagnose conditions like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. The solution aims to make basic eye exams more affordable and accessible worldwide, especially in areas without access to eye care professionals.
HDTVs have become something of a common sight,all you need to do is pop into a large electronic mall and you''re sure to see some of these beauties on display larger panel are gaining popularity thanks to falling prices, as manufactures adopt better technologies and reap the benifits of larger scale production.The prices of larger panels have fallen to ridiculous levels.For example,some 42-inch HDTVs are now costing less then their 32-inch siblings did some time ago.
This document discusses low vision aids and their use for people with visual impairments. It defines low vision according to the WHO and describes common causes of visual dysfunction like macular degeneration and glaucoma. The goals of low vision rehabilitation are to maintain and improve visual function through clinical assessment and optometric intervention. Low vision aids can be optical devices like magnifying glasses, telescopes, or non-optical devices that alter lighting, contrast and size of objects. Common optical devices discussed include magnifying spectacles, hand magnifiers, stand magnifiers, and telescopes.
The term ‘‘aniseikonia” comes from the Greek words ‘‘an” (not) ‘‘is” (equal) & ‘‘eikon” (icon or image) so aniseikonia is a binocular condition in which the apparent sizes of the images seen with the two eyes are unequal.
Whenever refractive ametropias in the two eyes of a person are different (i.e., when there is an anisometropia), the corrected retinal images of the two eyes, and consequently the two visual images, differ in size.
This condition has been termed aniseikonia
Optical aniseikonia
Retinal aniseikonia
Cortical aniseikonia
Self-assessment in optic and refraction by prof Chua, dr. Chieng, dr.ngo and ...Mero Eye
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions testing knowledge of various topics in optics and refraction, including:
1) Properties of light such as wavelength, color vision, light scattering, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography
2) Optical phenomena such as diffraction, Airy's disc, and birefringence
3) Tests of visual function including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoscopic vision testing
4) Concepts in geometrical optics including reflection, refraction, lenses, prisms, and optical instruments.
The questions cover both basic science and clinical application of optics and refraction knowledge.
This document discusses various types of lenses and coatings used in eyeglasses. It describes unifocal lenses that provide single vision correction and multifocal lenses like bifocals and trifocals that correct for both distance and near vision. Progressive lenses provide a seamless transition between vision corrections. Hi-index and lightweight lenses reduce thickness. Photochromic lenses darken in sunlight and clear in low light. Polarized and tinted lenses reduce glare. Polycarbonate lenses are impact resistant. Anti-reflective coatings improve vision clarity and comfort.
Real computer lens design and applications..Bipin Koirala
Computer lenses are designed specifically for computer use to reduce eye strain. They have features like blue light filtering, anti-reflective coating, and a wider intermediate vision zone compared to regular prescription lenses. Computer lenses accurately correct refractive errors and are optimized for the 18-28 inch viewing distance of computer screens. Various designs exist like single vision, computer progressives, and occupational bifocals/trifocals. The ideal computer lens reduces glare, enhances contrast, blocks blue light, and provides clear vision at intermediate distances for prolonged computer use. Precise measurements are needed to position the optical center over the pupil for comfort.
Depth Q Polarization Modulator 2009 P D F W E B V1 2chris9081
The DepthQ Polarization Modulator was jointly developed by LC-TEC DISPLAYS AB and Lightspeed Design, Inc. to efficiently alternate the polarization of light passing through it between two orientations in sync with stereoscopic 3D projection data, enabling high-brightness 3D viewing with lightweight polarized glasses. It is available in sizes for different projector apertures and can be configured for linear or circular polarization.
This document discusses low vision aids for people with vision that cannot be improved through glasses, medicine, or surgery. It defines low vision as visual acuity of 6/60 or less, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. It describes various types of low vision aids including magnifiers, filters, telescopes, and electronic devices that help improve vision by increasing size, contrast or field of view for activities like reading or distance viewing. It notes challenges of some aids like limited field or depth perception and discusses fitting the correct aid based on a person's visual needs and acuity.
Primary eye care Doctor of Optometry Care Of Ophthalmic InstrumentsSahibzada Anjum Nadeem
The document provides information about the maintenance and use of various ophthalmic instruments. It discusses direct ophthalmoscopes, indirect ophthalmoscopes, streak retinoscopes, keratometers, and slit lamps. For each instrument, it describes the parts, common problems encountered, and maintenance tasks to keep the instruments functioning properly. Proper cleaning and care of optics, electrical components, batteries, and mechanical parts is emphasized.
Optical aids for low vision patients : is it all we need to do ?Ashi ..
This document provides an overview of a presentation on optical and non-optical low vision aids. It begins with definitions of low vision and an introduction. It then describes various optical devices like magnifiers, telescopes, and filters. It discusses non-optical aids that use lighting, contrast, size, and other sensory inputs. It notes the importance of psychosocial support and rehabilitation plans. Case studies are presented to show how optical and non-optical aids can improve quality of life for low vision patients.
Visual impairment and low vision can be caused by eye diseases, accidents, or conditions present from birth. It affects a person's ability to see clearly or fully. Visual acuity tests measure sharpness of vision and is recorded as a fraction where the top number is the distance and bottom is the font size seen clearly. Normal vision is 20/20. Low vision is defined as visual acuity between 20/70 and 20/200 or visual field less than 20 degrees, even with correction. Devices like magnifiers, telescopes and electronic magnifiers can help those with low vision maximize their remaining sight.
Lissa's mda presentation keynote short copy oct 12 2013 copyJody Abrams
The document discusses low vision rehabilitation for patients with macular degeneration. It outlines the goals of regaining independence with daily activities through specialized training and low vision devices. A low vision exam evaluates remaining functional vision and trials magnification devices. Occupational therapists provide eccentric viewing training and device instruction. While insurance may cover exams and training, patients typically pay for devices. Options include telescopic glasses, magnifiers, video magnifiers, adapted lighting and computer programs. The overall purpose is helping patients adapt rather than restoring sight.
Low visual aids can be used to improve vision for those with low vision. They work by magnifying images using various optical techniques like relative distance enlargement, relative size enlargement, electronic enlargement, and angular enlargement. Common low visual aids include hand magnifiers, stand magnifiers, bar and flat-field magnifiers, spectacle magnifiers, telescopes, and electronic vision enhancement systems. Newer options include intraocular low vision aids that surgically implant a magnifying lens or retinal prosthesis inside the eye.
The document provides information about low vision rehabilitation and tips for independence with low vision. It defines low vision as vision impairment that cannot be fully corrected and discusses how low vision specialists can assess functional vision and prescribe optical and electronic aids, as well as provide rehabilitation services, to help those with low vision maximize their remaining sight and function independently. Common causes and types of vision loss are described along with the roles of different eye care professionals in low vision care.
This document discusses visual disorders and low vision. It defines different levels of visual impairment from moderate to profound based on best corrected visual acuity and visual field diameter. Causes of low vision including various eye diseases are described. Methods of low vision evaluation and different low vision devices like magnifiers, telescopes, electronic devices are explained. Low vision rehabilitation strategies including use of assistive devices and training are also summarized.
Low Vision Near Systems-Microscopes,Magnifiers & Electronic systemsHarsh Jain
Different Optical devices used in Low vision patients.
Its very important to take proper assessment and calculations for giving Optical devices like Microscopes,Magnifier etc.
The references are given.
Dr. Richa Naik describes the process for prescribing spectacles, including:
1. Conducting objective and subjective refraction tests to determine the prescription.
2. Providing full correction for most myopia and hyperopia cases, though some require undercorrection.
3. Choosing lens types and materials based on the prescription and patient needs, such as polycarbonate lenses for safety or progressive lenses for presbyopia.
4. Adjusting the prescription over time as the patient's vision or needs change.
New Versus Former-Generation Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lens, presented at ASCRS 2018, by Timon Ax, D. Breyer, H. Kaymak, K. Klabe, P. Hagen, F. Kretz, G. Auffarth
This document discusses the optical properties of contact lenses. It begins by explaining principles of geometric, physical and ophthalmic optics as they relate to contact lenses. It then describes magnification, accommodation, convergence, and visual field effects of contact lenses compared to spectacles. Several optical advantages of contact lenses are discussed such as lack of astigmatism, distortion, or chromatic aberration. However, some optical disadvantages are also noted like ghost images, issues with toric lens rotation, and contact lenses being less suitable for axial ametropia. In summary, the document provides an overview of how contact lenses affect various optical properties compared to spectacles.
This document provides an overview of low vision management for patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It discusses AMD and the visual deformities it causes. Management includes optical aids like magnifying glasses, telescopes, and electronic devices to enhance residual vision. Non-optical aids and visual rehabilitation help patients utilize their remaining sight and maintain independence. The goal is optimizing function through a combination of refractive correction, magnification, and training to perform daily living tasks.
The document discusses 3D display techniques. It describes how stereoscopy creates the illusion of depth by sending a separate image to each eye. Common techniques like anaglyph, polarization, and eclipse methods require special glasses. Newer glasses-free displays use autostereoscopy methods like lenticular sheets or parallax barriers to direct different images to each eye. While more expensive, auto stereoscopic displays allow 3D viewing without glasses. The document outlines applications of 3D in movies, cameras, gaming, and televisions.
Three key technologies for 3D TV displays include glasses-based methods like anaglyph glasses using red-blue lenses or polarized glasses, autostereoscopic displays without glasses using lenticular lenses or a parallax barrier to direct images to each eye, and active shutter glasses that alternate frames. The architecture of a 3D TV involves transmitting left and right eye views through technologies like gigabit Ethernet and displaying them using one of these 3D presentation methods. Applications include video games, TV and other media while advantages are a richer experience over 2D TV and disadvantages include the need for special glasses with some methods.
HDTVs have become something of a common sight,all you need to do is pop into a large electronic mall and you''re sure to see some of these beauties on display larger panel are gaining popularity thanks to falling prices, as manufactures adopt better technologies and reap the benifits of larger scale production.The prices of larger panels have fallen to ridiculous levels.For example,some 42-inch HDTVs are now costing less then their 32-inch siblings did some time ago.
This document discusses low vision aids and their use for people with visual impairments. It defines low vision according to the WHO and describes common causes of visual dysfunction like macular degeneration and glaucoma. The goals of low vision rehabilitation are to maintain and improve visual function through clinical assessment and optometric intervention. Low vision aids can be optical devices like magnifying glasses, telescopes, or non-optical devices that alter lighting, contrast and size of objects. Common optical devices discussed include magnifying spectacles, hand magnifiers, stand magnifiers, and telescopes.
The term ‘‘aniseikonia” comes from the Greek words ‘‘an” (not) ‘‘is” (equal) & ‘‘eikon” (icon or image) so aniseikonia is a binocular condition in which the apparent sizes of the images seen with the two eyes are unequal.
Whenever refractive ametropias in the two eyes of a person are different (i.e., when there is an anisometropia), the corrected retinal images of the two eyes, and consequently the two visual images, differ in size.
This condition has been termed aniseikonia
Optical aniseikonia
Retinal aniseikonia
Cortical aniseikonia
Self-assessment in optic and refraction by prof Chua, dr. Chieng, dr.ngo and ...Mero Eye
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions testing knowledge of various topics in optics and refraction, including:
1) Properties of light such as wavelength, color vision, light scattering, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography
2) Optical phenomena such as diffraction, Airy's disc, and birefringence
3) Tests of visual function including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoscopic vision testing
4) Concepts in geometrical optics including reflection, refraction, lenses, prisms, and optical instruments.
The questions cover both basic science and clinical application of optics and refraction knowledge.
This document discusses various types of lenses and coatings used in eyeglasses. It describes unifocal lenses that provide single vision correction and multifocal lenses like bifocals and trifocals that correct for both distance and near vision. Progressive lenses provide a seamless transition between vision corrections. Hi-index and lightweight lenses reduce thickness. Photochromic lenses darken in sunlight and clear in low light. Polarized and tinted lenses reduce glare. Polycarbonate lenses are impact resistant. Anti-reflective coatings improve vision clarity and comfort.
Real computer lens design and applications..Bipin Koirala
Computer lenses are designed specifically for computer use to reduce eye strain. They have features like blue light filtering, anti-reflective coating, and a wider intermediate vision zone compared to regular prescription lenses. Computer lenses accurately correct refractive errors and are optimized for the 18-28 inch viewing distance of computer screens. Various designs exist like single vision, computer progressives, and occupational bifocals/trifocals. The ideal computer lens reduces glare, enhances contrast, blocks blue light, and provides clear vision at intermediate distances for prolonged computer use. Precise measurements are needed to position the optical center over the pupil for comfort.
Depth Q Polarization Modulator 2009 P D F W E B V1 2chris9081
The DepthQ Polarization Modulator was jointly developed by LC-TEC DISPLAYS AB and Lightspeed Design, Inc. to efficiently alternate the polarization of light passing through it between two orientations in sync with stereoscopic 3D projection data, enabling high-brightness 3D viewing with lightweight polarized glasses. It is available in sizes for different projector apertures and can be configured for linear or circular polarization.
This document discusses low vision aids for people with vision that cannot be improved through glasses, medicine, or surgery. It defines low vision as visual acuity of 6/60 or less, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less. It describes various types of low vision aids including magnifiers, filters, telescopes, and electronic devices that help improve vision by increasing size, contrast or field of view for activities like reading or distance viewing. It notes challenges of some aids like limited field or depth perception and discusses fitting the correct aid based on a person's visual needs and acuity.
Primary eye care Doctor of Optometry Care Of Ophthalmic InstrumentsSahibzada Anjum Nadeem
The document provides information about the maintenance and use of various ophthalmic instruments. It discusses direct ophthalmoscopes, indirect ophthalmoscopes, streak retinoscopes, keratometers, and slit lamps. For each instrument, it describes the parts, common problems encountered, and maintenance tasks to keep the instruments functioning properly. Proper cleaning and care of optics, electrical components, batteries, and mechanical parts is emphasized.
Optical aids for low vision patients : is it all we need to do ?Ashi ..
This document provides an overview of a presentation on optical and non-optical low vision aids. It begins with definitions of low vision and an introduction. It then describes various optical devices like magnifiers, telescopes, and filters. It discusses non-optical aids that use lighting, contrast, size, and other sensory inputs. It notes the importance of psychosocial support and rehabilitation plans. Case studies are presented to show how optical and non-optical aids can improve quality of life for low vision patients.
Visual impairment and low vision can be caused by eye diseases, accidents, or conditions present from birth. It affects a person's ability to see clearly or fully. Visual acuity tests measure sharpness of vision and is recorded as a fraction where the top number is the distance and bottom is the font size seen clearly. Normal vision is 20/20. Low vision is defined as visual acuity between 20/70 and 20/200 or visual field less than 20 degrees, even with correction. Devices like magnifiers, telescopes and electronic magnifiers can help those with low vision maximize their remaining sight.
Lissa's mda presentation keynote short copy oct 12 2013 copyJody Abrams
The document discusses low vision rehabilitation for patients with macular degeneration. It outlines the goals of regaining independence with daily activities through specialized training and low vision devices. A low vision exam evaluates remaining functional vision and trials magnification devices. Occupational therapists provide eccentric viewing training and device instruction. While insurance may cover exams and training, patients typically pay for devices. Options include telescopic glasses, magnifiers, video magnifiers, adapted lighting and computer programs. The overall purpose is helping patients adapt rather than restoring sight.
Low visual aids can be used to improve vision for those with low vision. They work by magnifying images using various optical techniques like relative distance enlargement, relative size enlargement, electronic enlargement, and angular enlargement. Common low visual aids include hand magnifiers, stand magnifiers, bar and flat-field magnifiers, spectacle magnifiers, telescopes, and electronic vision enhancement systems. Newer options include intraocular low vision aids that surgically implant a magnifying lens or retinal prosthesis inside the eye.
The document provides information about low vision rehabilitation and tips for independence with low vision. It defines low vision as vision impairment that cannot be fully corrected and discusses how low vision specialists can assess functional vision and prescribe optical and electronic aids, as well as provide rehabilitation services, to help those with low vision maximize their remaining sight and function independently. Common causes and types of vision loss are described along with the roles of different eye care professionals in low vision care.
This document discusses visual disorders and low vision. It defines different levels of visual impairment from moderate to profound based on best corrected visual acuity and visual field diameter. Causes of low vision including various eye diseases are described. Methods of low vision evaluation and different low vision devices like magnifiers, telescopes, electronic devices are explained. Low vision rehabilitation strategies including use of assistive devices and training are also summarized.
Low Vision Near Systems-Microscopes,Magnifiers & Electronic systemsHarsh Jain
Different Optical devices used in Low vision patients.
Its very important to take proper assessment and calculations for giving Optical devices like Microscopes,Magnifier etc.
The references are given.
Dr. Richa Naik describes the process for prescribing spectacles, including:
1. Conducting objective and subjective refraction tests to determine the prescription.
2. Providing full correction for most myopia and hyperopia cases, though some require undercorrection.
3. Choosing lens types and materials based on the prescription and patient needs, such as polycarbonate lenses for safety or progressive lenses for presbyopia.
4. Adjusting the prescription over time as the patient's vision or needs change.
New Versus Former-Generation Diffractive Trifocal Intraocular Lens, presented at ASCRS 2018, by Timon Ax, D. Breyer, H. Kaymak, K. Klabe, P. Hagen, F. Kretz, G. Auffarth
This document discusses the optical properties of contact lenses. It begins by explaining principles of geometric, physical and ophthalmic optics as they relate to contact lenses. It then describes magnification, accommodation, convergence, and visual field effects of contact lenses compared to spectacles. Several optical advantages of contact lenses are discussed such as lack of astigmatism, distortion, or chromatic aberration. However, some optical disadvantages are also noted like ghost images, issues with toric lens rotation, and contact lenses being less suitable for axial ametropia. In summary, the document provides an overview of how contact lenses affect various optical properties compared to spectacles.
This document provides an overview of low vision management for patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It discusses AMD and the visual deformities it causes. Management includes optical aids like magnifying glasses, telescopes, and electronic devices to enhance residual vision. Non-optical aids and visual rehabilitation help patients utilize their remaining sight and maintain independence. The goal is optimizing function through a combination of refractive correction, magnification, and training to perform daily living tasks.
The document discusses 3D display techniques. It describes how stereoscopy creates the illusion of depth by sending a separate image to each eye. Common techniques like anaglyph, polarization, and eclipse methods require special glasses. Newer glasses-free displays use autostereoscopy methods like lenticular sheets or parallax barriers to direct different images to each eye. While more expensive, auto stereoscopic displays allow 3D viewing without glasses. The document outlines applications of 3D in movies, cameras, gaming, and televisions.
Three key technologies for 3D TV displays include glasses-based methods like anaglyph glasses using red-blue lenses or polarized glasses, autostereoscopic displays without glasses using lenticular lenses or a parallax barrier to direct images to each eye, and active shutter glasses that alternate frames. The architecture of a 3D TV involves transmitting left and right eye views through technologies like gigabit Ethernet and displaying them using one of these 3D presentation methods. Applications include video games, TV and other media while advantages are a richer experience over 2D TV and disadvantages include the need for special glasses with some methods.
Three dimensional TV is expected to revolutionize the TV industry. It employs techniques like stereoscopic capture and multi-view capture to project a 3D image. Common 3D display techniques include anaglyph 3D using red-blue glasses, polarization 3D using polarized glasses, and autostereoscopic displays which don't require glasses. Active glasses systems alternate images at a high speed while lenticular lenses and parallax barriers direct different images to each eye to create 3D without glasses. 3D TV has applications in gaming and entertainment and provides a richer experience than 2D TV.
This document discusses various 3D display techniques. It describes techniques that require glasses like anaglyph, polarization and eclipse method. It also covers glasses-free techniques like guided light, lenticular screens and parallax barriers. The document notes the challenges with current auto-stereoscopic displays in terms of higher costs, reduced resolution and limited viewing angles.
3D television uses various technologies to display stereoscopic 3D images that create the illusion of depth. The document discusses the history of 3D, including early stereoscopic photography in the 1830s. It describes several technologies used for 3D television such as anaglyph 3D with colored glasses, polarized 3D with polarized glasses that allow separate images for each eye, and active shutter 3D which alternates images rapidly synchronized with shutter glasses. Both advantages and disadvantages are provided for different 3D display methods. Autostereoscopic technologies are also mentioned which allow 3D viewing without glasses.
This document discusses the basic principles of stereoscopic 3D, including:
- Stereoscopic 3D aims to replicate our binocular vision by using two cameras to capture separate images from slightly different angles.
- When viewed with the correct glasses or display, the brain fuses these two images to perceive depth.
- Variables like interaxial distance, convergence, and screen parallax determine how objects appear in the 3D space.
- Both shooting and post-production require careful consideration of various factors like alignment, color matching, and depth continuity to avoid visual errors and discomfort.
3D films and TVs provide depth perception by showing two slightly different perspectives that are interpreted by the brain as a 3D image. There are several technologies for producing and displaying 3D content, including anaglyph, polarization, and interference filtering systems. 3D TVs use technologies like eclipse filtering glasses or lenticular displays to show different images to each eye and create the 3D effect without glasses in some cases. Broadcasting 3D content involves generating, compressing, transmitting, and displaying the left and right perspectives in an alternating sequence.
Stereoscopic imaging uses two slightly different images taken from slightly different angles to create the illusion of depth when viewed through special viewers or displays. The document discusses the history of stereoscopic imaging from the 1833 invention of the first stereoscope to modern digital techniques. It describes how stereoscopy works by simulating the different perspectives seen by the left and right eyes. The document outlines various techniques for capturing, viewing, and displaying stereoscopic images including film and digital photography, anaglyph, polarized, and autostereoscopic viewing methods. Applications of stereoscopic imaging span entertainment, education, medicine, and space exploration.
Stereoscopy, also known as 3D imaging, refers to a technique that creates the illusion of depth by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eyes. The brain then combines these 2D images into a perception of 3D depth. Modern 3D technology uses different methods like lenses, polarization, or head-mounted displays to show each eye a different image. Stereoscopic cameras also use two lenses to capture separate images for each eye, mimicking human binocular vision. While 3D continues to be applied to movies, TV shows, games and videos, its value is debated as rushed 3D conversions may undermine adoption of the technology by providing an inferior product.
3D technology allows for three dimensional images by feeding slightly different images to each eye. There are several types of 3D glasses that enable this, including anaglyph glasses which use colored lenses, polarized glasses which use polarized light, and shutter glasses which alternately darken each lens. 3D technology has a variety of applications including 3D modeling, graphics, architecture, and printing.
3D technology allows for three dimensional images by feeding slightly different images to each eye. There are several types of 3D glasses that enable this, including anaglyph glasses which use colored lenses, polarized glasses which use polarized light, and shutter glasses which alternately darken each lens. 3D technology has a variety of applications including 3D modeling, graphics, architecture, and printing.
This document discusses 3D technology, including its history and various types. It begins with an introduction to 3D displays and how they create moving objects in three dimensions. The history of 3D technology is then reviewed, noting the 1844 stereoscope and 1855 kinematoscope as early 3D cameras. Different 3D technologies are described, such as anaglyph, polarized, and active shutter 3D. 3D cameras and scanners are also covered, with 3D cameras using two lenses to capture stereo images and 3D scanners using lasers to scan and model real-world objects. Applications of 3D technology are growing in areas like graphics, modeling, mobile devices, architecture, and medicine.
3D imaging works by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eye. The brain then combines these images into a single 3D perception. There are three main techniques for achieving this: 1) using glasses to separate images from two offset sources, 2) using glasses to filter images from a single source to each eye, and 3) using directional light sources to separate images to each eye without glasses. Polaroid 3D glasses use circular polarization to filter images to each eye from a single source, making them suitable for use with cinema, TV, and other technologies that employ this standard, but not for outdoor use or as sunglasses. Normal TVs cannot display the offset images needed for 3D.
This is my presentation PowerPoint for the English course in 2nd college year.
It's a group presentation in English.
The topic is "3D Technology"
Please see my blog: http://autekroy.blogspot.tw/2014/03/introduction-to-3d-technology-3d.html
下面是我們組別在大二的英文課時所製作的上課報告投影片
這份主題是 3D 科技!
由於是英文報告,所以大部分投影片內容沒有中文,不過有些英文難字還是有中文解釋。
請看我的部落格: http://autekroy.blogspot.tw/2014/03/introduction-to-3d-technology-3d.html
Please feel free to use it after adding this blog as an reference. (http://autekroy.blogspot.tw) If there is any mistake or comment, please let me know. :D
歡迎使用與分享任何內容,但請記得標示此部落格為出處。(http://autekroy.blogspot.tw) 如果有發現任何的錯誤與建議請留言或跟我連絡。 : )
This document discusses 3D technology and 3D television. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduction. It then covers the history of 3D, how humans see 3D, and how to create 3D images using two cameras. Common 3D display techniques are described, including viewing through glasses like anaglyph, polarization, and active glasses. Auto-stereoscopic displays without glasses using lenticular lenses or parallax barriers are also discussed. The document concludes with sections on the architecture and transmission of 3D TV, applications, and advantages and disadvantages.
3-D TV uses several technologies to create three-dimensional images by presenting slightly different images to each eye to mimic human binocular vision. The document discusses technologies like anaglyph, polarization, and shutter systems that are currently used in 3-D TVs produced by companies like Sony, LG, and Samsung. While 3-D TV provides an immersive experience, it also faces challenges like the need for glasses and lack of industry standards.
This document discusses screenless display technologies, including visual image displays like holograms, retinal displays that project images directly onto the retina, and potential future synaptic interfaces. It describes the working principles of holograms and retinal displays in detail. Applications discussed include using screenless displays in mobile phones to help older or blind users, as well as potential uses in laptops and hologram projection.
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#SSAPhilosophy #RileyFreeman #TheBoondocks #StreetZen #UrbanWisdom #Philosophy #Rebellion #HipHopCulture #MoralAmbiguity
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, where we delve into the intricate philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this engaging episode, we explore the dynamic and often misunderstood world of Riley Freeman from the animated series "The Boondocks." Known for his street-smart attitude and rebellious nature, Riley embodies a unique blend of youthful defiance and insightful wisdom. Join me as I dissect the philosophy of Riley Freeman and uncover how he navigates his environment with a mindset that can only be described as Street Zen.
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Link to video: https://youtu.be/hDak4cY0E1A
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Introduction
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
Brian Peck: The Early Years
Brian Peck was born in New York City on July 29, 1960. From a young age, Peck exhibited a passion for the performing arts. He attended the Professional Children's School. which has a history of nurturing young talent in the arts. Peck's early career marked by a series of roles in television and film that showcased his versatility as an actor.
Peck's breakthrough came with his role in the cult classic "The Return of the Living Dead" (1985). His performance as Scuz, one of the punk rockers who releases a toxic gas that reanimates the dead. earned him a place in the annals of horror cinema. This role opened doors for Peck. allowing him to explore various facets of the entertainment industry. including writing and directing.
Leonardo DiCaprio: From Child Star to Hollywood Icon
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Introduction: The Fame Surrounding Tom Cruise Daughter
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The Impact of Celebrity Parents
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The Influence of Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes
Tom Cruise's Parenting Style
Tom Cruise known for his dedication and passion in both his professional and personal life. As a father, Cruise has described as loving and protective. His involvement in the Church of Scientology, but, has been a point of contention and has influenced his relationship with Suri. Cruise's commitment to Scientology has reported to be a significant factor in his and Holmes' divorce and his limited public interactions with Suri.
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In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, IPTV (Internet Protocol
Television) has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing the
way we consume and experience entertainment worldwide. As the
global demand for innovative and accessible media solutions grows,
leading Indian IPTV provider in USA are rising to the challenge,
offering cutting-edge technologies and personalized services that cater
to the diverse needs of audiences across the globe.
3. INTRODUCTION
Stereoscopy refers to a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in
an image by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eye of
the viewer. Both of these 2-D offset images are then combined in the brain to give
the perception of 3-D depth.
Three strategies have been used to accomplish this
1. have the viewer wear eyeglasses to combine separate images from two offset
sources
2. have the viewer wear eyeglasses to filter offset images from a single source
separated to each eye
3. have the light source split the images directionally into the viewer's eyes (no
glasses), Autostereoscopy
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 3
5. HISTORY
Stereoscopy creates the illusion of three-dimensional depth from images on a two-
dimensional plane. Human vision needs some aid to see those illusion:
Like,
1. Stereopsis
2. Accommodation of the eyeball (eyeball focus)
3. Occlusion of one object by another
4. Subtended visual angle of an object of known size
5. Linear perspective (Parallel edges)
6. Vertical position
7. Haze, desaturation, and a shift to bluishness
8. Change in size of textured pattern detail
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 5
6. All of above, Leaving first two, Are available in the form of paintings, pictures and
television.
Stereoscopy is the enhancement of the illusion of depth in a photograph, movie, or
other two-dimensional image by presenting a slightly different image to each eye,
and thereby adding the first of these cues (stereopsis) as well.
Stereoscopy is also used in stereograms for entertainment purpose. Stereoscopy is
useful in viewing images rendered from large multi-dimensional data sets such as are
produced by experimental data.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 6
8. VISUAL REQUIREMENT
Anatomically, there are 3 levels of binocular vision required to view stereo images:
1. Simultaneous perception
2. Fusion (binocular 'single' vision)
3. Stereopsis
These functions develop in early childhood. Some people who have strabismus disrupt
the development of stereopsis, however orthoptics treatment can be used to
improve binocular vision. A person's stereoacuity determines the minimum image
disparity they can perceive as depth.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 8
10. SIDE BY SIDE
Traditional stereoscopic photography consists of creating a 3-D illusion starting from a
pair of 2-D images, a stereogram. The easiest way to enhance depth perception in
the brain is to provide the eyes of the viewer with two different
images, representing two perspectives of the same object, with a minor changes to
the both parallel view eye balls.
Each of the two 2-D images preferably should be presented to each eye of the viewer so
that any object at infinite distance seen by the viewer should be perceived by that
eye while it is oriented straight ahead, the viewer's eyes being neither crossed nor
diverging. When the picture contains no object at infinite distance, such as a horizon
or a cloud, the pictures should be spaced correspondingly closer together.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 10
11. CHARACTERISTICS
Little or no additional image processing is required. Under some circumstances, such as
when a pair of images is presented for crossed or diverged eye viewing, no device or
additional optical equipment is needed.
The principal advantages of side-by-side viewers is that there is no loss of brightness so
images may be presented at very high resolution and in full spectrum color.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 11
13. FREEVIEWING
Freeviewing is viewing a side-by-side image without using a viewer.
The parallel view method uses two images not more than 65mm between corresponding
image points; this is the average distance between the two eyes. The viewer looks
through the image while keeping the vision parallel.
The cross-eyed view method uses the right and left images exchanged and views the
images cross-eyed with the right eye viewing the left image and vice-versa.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 13
15. TRANSPARENCY VIEWERS
Pairs of stereo views are printed on film which is then mounted around the edge of a
cardboard disk, images of each pair being diametrically opposite. A lever is used to
move the disk so as to present the next image pair. A series of seven views can thus
be seen on each card when it was inserted into the View-Master viewer. These
viewers were available in many forms both non-lighted and self-lighted and may still
be found today.
Low-cost folding cardboard viewers with plastic lenses have been used to view images
from a sliding card and have been used by computer technical groups as part of
annual convention proceedings. These have been supplanted by the DVD recording
and display on a television set. By exhibiting moving images of rotating objects a
three dimensional effect is obtained through other than stereoscopic means.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 15
17. HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAY
The user typically wears a helmet or glasses with two small LCD or OLED displays with
magnifying lenses, one for each eye. The technology can be used to show stereo
films, images or games, but it can also be used to create a virtual display. Head-
mounted displays may also be coupled with head-tracking devices, allowing the user
to "look around" the virtual world by moving their head, eliminating the need for a
separate controller.
Augmented stereoscopic vision is also expected to have applications in surgery, as it
allows the combination of radiographic data (CAT scans and MRI imaging) with the
surgeon's vision
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 17
19. 3D VIEWERS
Active
Liquid crystal shutter glasses
Glasses containing liquid crystal that block or pass light through in synchronization with
the images on the computer display, using the concept of alternate-frame
sequencing.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 19
20. Passive
Linearly polarized glasses
To present a stereoscopic motion picture, two images are projected superimposed onto
the same screen through orthogonal polarizing filters. The projectors can receive
their outputs from a computer with a dual-head graphics card. The viewer wears
low-cost eyeglasses which also contain a pair of orthogonal polarizing filters. As each
filter only passes light which is similarly polarized and blocks the orthogonally
polarized light, each eye only sees one of the images, and the effect is achieved.
Linearly polarized glasses require the viewer to keep his head level.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 20
21. Circularly polarized glasses
To present a stereoscopic motion picture, two images are projected superimposed onto
the same screen through circular polarizing filters of opposite handedness. The
viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which contain a pair of analyzing filters of opposite
handedness. The result is similar to that of stereoscopic viewing using linearly
polarized glasses, except the viewer can tilt his or her head and still maintain
left/right separation (though the tilt will still affect the brain's ability to fuse the two
images and correctly perceive depth).
Other Technologies:
1. Infitec glasses
2. Inficolor 3D
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 21
23. COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR ANAGLYPH
Complementary color anaglyphs employ one of a pair of complementary color filters for
each eye. The most common color filters used are red and cyan. The eye is sensitive
to three primary colors, red, green, and blue. The red filter admits only red, while
the cyan filter blocks red, passing blue and green (the combination of blue and green
is perceived as cyan). If a paper viewer containing red and cyan filters is folded so
that light passes through both, the image will appear black.
Other Technologies
1. Colour code 3d
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 23
25. CHROMADEPTH METHOD AND GLASSES
The ChromaDepth procedure of American Paper Optics is based on the fact that with a
prism, colors are separated by varying degrees. The ChromaDepth eyeglasses
contain special view foils, which consist of microscopically small prisms. This causes
the image to be translated a certain amount that depends on its color. If one uses a
prism foil now with one eye but not on the other eye, then the two seen pictures –
depending upon color – are more or less widely separated. The brain produces the
spatial impression from this difference.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 25
27. AUTOSTEREOSCOPY
Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic (3D) images without the use
of special equipment or glasses on the part of the viewer. Because headgear is not
required, it is also called "glasses-free 3D".
The technology includes two broad classes of displays:
1. those that use head-tracking to ensure that each of the viewer's two eyes sees a
different image on the screen,
2. those that display multiple views so that the display does not need to know where
the viewers' eyes are directed.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 27
28. OTHER DISPLAY METHODS
1. Autostereograms: More recently, random-dot Autostereograms have been created
using computers to hide depth information in a field of apparently random noise, so
that until viewed by diverging or converging the eyes in a manner similar to naked
eye viewing of stereo pairs, the subject of the image remains a mystery.
2. Pulfrich effects: In the classic Pulfrich effect paradigm a subject views, binocularly, a
pendulum swinging perpendicular to his line of sight. When a neutral density filter
(e.g., a darkened lens -like from a pair of sunglasses) is placed in front of, say, the
right eye the pendulum appears to take on an elliptical orbit, being closer as it swings
toward the right and farther as it swings toward the left.
3. Lenticular prints: Lenticular printing is a technique by which one places an array of
lenses, with a texture much like corduroy, over a specially made and carefully aligned
print such that different viewing angles will reveal different image slices to each eye,
producing the illusion of three dimensions, over a certain limited viewing angle.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 28
30. TAKING PICTURES
It is necessary to take two photographs for a stereoscopic image. This can be done with two
cameras, with one camera moved quickly to two positions, or with a stereo
camera incorporating two or more side-by-side lenses.
Many of the conventional cameras used the film for 35 mm transparency slides, and the new
stereoscopic cameras utilized the film to make stereoscopic slides. The Stereo Realist camera
was the most popular, and its 5P picture format became a standard.
The beginning of the 21st century marked the coming of the age of digital photography. Stereo
lenses were introduced which could turn an ordinary film camera into a stereo camera by
using a special double lens to take two images and direct them through a single lens to
capture them side-by-side on the film.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 30
31. Longer base line for distant objects "Hyper Stereo"
If a stereo picture is taken of a large, distant object such as a mountain or a large
building using a normal base it will appear to be flat. This is in keeping with
normal human vision, it would look flat if you were actually there, but if the
object looks flat, there doesn't seem to be any point in taking a stereo picture,
as it will simply seem to be behind a stereo window, with no depth in the scene
itself, much like looking at a flat photograph from a distance.
For making stereo images featuring only a distant object the camera positions can
be separated by a larger distance than the adult human norm of 62-65mm. This
will effectively render the captured image as though it was seen by a giant, and
thus will enhance the depth perception of these distant objects, and reduce the
apparent scale of the scene proportionately.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 31
32. Shorter baseline for ultra close-ups "Macro stereo"
When objects are taken from closer than about 6 1/2 feet a normal base will produce
excessive parallax and thus exaggerated depth when using ortho viewing methods.
At some point the parallax becomes so great that the image is difficult or even
impossible to view. For such situations, it becomes necessary to reduce the baseline
in keeping with the 1:30 rule.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 32
33. Stereoscopic Motion Measurement (6D-Vision)
6D-Vision tracks points with known depth from stereo over two or more consecutive
images and fuses the data. The result is an improved accuracy of the 3D-position and
an estimation of the 3D-motion (velocity and direction) of the considered points at
the same time.
SIDDHARTH AYER DHARMENDRABHAI (08DCE025) 33