2. INDEX
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• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• WORKING
• TECHNIQUES OF STEREOSCOPY
• HOW TO VIEW STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES
• STEREOSCOPIC VIEWERS
• STEREO CAMERA
• TYPES OF STEREO CAMERA
• APPLICATIONS
• FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
4. DRAWBACKS OF 2D IMAGING
Only one image for the left and right eye of the
viewer.
Lack in detailing.
Requires numbers of views to analyze the solids.
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5. EMERGENCE OF STEROSCOPIC
IMAGING??
The drawbacks of 2D imaging lead to invention of
stereoscopic imaging.
A.D. Euclid, in 280 A.D. firstly recognize that if each
eye simultaneously view two different images of
same object, depth perception is obtained.
3D imaging is in general stereoscopic imaging.
Stereoscopic means solid view or 3D view of an
object.
Derived from Greek words, “stereo” means “solid”
and “scopy” means “look or view”.
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6. 1833 Sir Charles Wheatstone develops the first stereoscope, reflecting
mirror camera called stereopsis and the first stereo pairs.
1849 The twin lens camera is developed specifically for stereoscopic
photography.
1861 The “kinematascope” creates the first moving 3D images, which
were hand drawn.
1890s First films (of any kind) and stereoscopic shorts are created and
shown.
1920s Anaglyph and eclipse method (or shutter method) 3D shorts are
exhibited.
1934 The polarized method is used and the first full feature
stereoscopic film is released.
1952 The first color 3D film “Bawana Devil” in U.S.A. is released.
1990s Visual Effects and digital post production process becomes
common.
2000s Films move towards complete digital pipeline. Films shot digitally,
post-production done digitally and projected digitally.
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HISTORY OF STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING
7. 2009 Fusion Camera System is used in James Cameron’s “Avatar”.
Avatar becomes highest grossing film of all time.
2010 The Consumer Electronics Show(CES) features prototype 3D TV.
2011 The world’s first dedicated 3D TV channel , South Corea’s SKY
3D was launched .
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HISTORY OF STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING
(CONTD.)
8. HOW STEREOSCOPY WORKS
Side-by-side positioning of
our eyes creates a view of the
same area with a slightly
different angle for each eye.
The brain takes the
information from each eye
and unites them into one
picture, interpreting the slight
differences between each
view as depth.
This produces a three-
dimensional picture: one with
width, depth and height.
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9. TECHNIQUES OF STEREOSCOPY
There are two techniques of producing stereoscopic
imaging:-
1. Film photography
2. Digital photography
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10. 1.FILM PHOTOGRAPHY
Aim is to take two
photos from different
horizontal positions.
This can be done by
two separate side by
side cameras or by
stereo cameras.
At least three lenses
are required in a stereo
camera.
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11. 2. DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
There are stereo
lenses which turn an
ordinary camera into a
stereo camera by using
a special double lense.
In 2009 digital stereo
camera such as FUJI
W1 began appearing in
the consumer market.
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14. 1. ACTIVE VIEWER
Active viewers have electronics
which interact with a display.
This technology is active shutter
system. It is also known as liquid
crystal shutter glasses.
Each eye’s glass has liquid
crystal layer which has the
property of becoming dark when
voltage is applied being
otherwise transparent.
Its drawback is that it has “time
parallax” for anything side
moving.
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15. 2. PASSIVE VIEWER
Passive viewers filter constant streams of
binocular input to the appropriate eye.
Passive viewing can be done by many ways:
PolarizationSystem:- Superimposing of two
images projected on same screen through
polarizing filters.
Interference Filter System:- Specific
wavelengths of RGB for each eye to create
effect. Dolby 3D, Omega 3D/ Panavision 3D
uses this technology. It is also known as
spectral comb filtering or wavelength multiplex
visualization.
Color Anaglyph System:- 3D effect by
encoding each eye’s image by different color
filters.
Chromadepth System:- Based on the fact that
with a prism colours are separated by varying
degrees. The chroma depth eyeglass contain
a special view foil which consist of
microscopically small prisms.
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Chromadepth glasses
with prism-like film
Anaglyph 3D glasses
RealD circular polarized glasses
16. STEREO CAMERAS
It is a type of camera with two or more lenses with a
separate image sensor.
Stereo cameras may be used for making stereo
views and 3D pictures for movies.
The distance between the lenses in a stereo
camera is 6.35cm.
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17. TYPES OF STEREO CAMERAS
Types of stereo
cameras are:-
1. Kodak Stereo
Camera
2. Loreo
3. Nimslo 3D
4. Fujifilm Fine Pix real
3D
5. Samsung NX-300
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18. APPLICATIONS
Amusement
1. Stereographic Cards
2. 3D Films
3. Stereoscopic Video Games
o Printing
1. Pictures and posters using anaglyph
2. Books of autostereograms
3. Holograms
o Art
o Education
o Space Exploration
Various spaceships are equipped with small cameras that allow researchers to
view stereoscopic images of the surface of the planets.
o Clinical Use
Stereograms cards are frequently used by orthoptists and vision therapists in the
treatment of many binocular vision and accommodative disorders.
o Mathematical, Scientific and Engineering Use
3D aerial views are mainly based on digital stereo imaging technologies.
Cartographers generate today stereopairs using computer programs in order to
visualise topography in three dimensions. In biology and chemistry, complex
molecular structures are often rendered in stereopairs.
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19. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Future enhancement of stereoscopic imaging is
Auto Stereoscopy.
Auto stereoscopy is the method of displaying 3D
images without use of special equipment of glass.
Because headgears are not required in auto
stereoscopy so it is also called “Glass-Free 3D”.
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20. ADVANTAGES
It facilitate diagnoses , treatment and surgical
planning.
It increases clinical productivity.
It gives better view of any object so its study
becomes easy .
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21. DISADVANTAGES
This technology requires high cost.
It is not available everywhere.
This technology uses eye glasses which becomes
uncomfortable for the person wearing spectacles.
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22. CONCLUSION
The added perception of depth makes 3D imaging
or stereoscopic imaging so important.
With stereoscopic imaging, we see exactly where
our surroundings are in relation to our own bodies.
Stereoscopy is the most progressing field in today’s
world.
Stereoscopic imaging is used in almost all variety
fields from Entertainment to medical sciences and
research.
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