This ppt contains all the details of Stereoscopic imaging. It includes from history, introduction, its working technique, 3D viewers, 3D cameras, future scope, advantages, disadvantages. In all, its the complete stuff that can satisfy anyone.

1. 1

2. Topic
Slide No.
Definition
3
History
4-5
Introduction
6
Visual Requirement
7
How it works?
8-11
3D viewers
12-17
Stereo Cameras
18-19
Applications
20
Future Enhancement
21
Pros & Cons
22
Conclusions & References
23-24
Thank You
25
2

3. WHAT IS STEREOSCOPIC
IMAGING?
 Derived from the Greek word “Stereos”
meaing
Solid
and
“Scopy”
meaning
Look/View, so stereoscopy means solid view
of an object i.e. 3D view.
 In general life, it is known as 3D Imaging.
 It is the technique used to create the illusion
of depth in an offset image by presenting
two slightly different perspectives of the same
object to the eyes of the viewer.
3

4. HISTORY
 In 280 A.D., Euclid was the first to recognize that depth perception is
obtained when each eye simultaneously receives two dissimilar
images of the same object.
 In 1600, Giovanni Battista della Porta produced the first artificial 3-D
drawing based on Euclid’s notions.
 In 1833, Sir Charles Wheatstone came up with a device called
reflecting mirror camera.
 In 1844, Sir David Brewster introduces the Stereoscope, a device for
taking stereo photographs.
 In 1939 William Gruber saw a way to make use of the newly invented
flexible 35mm film by Kodak.
4

5. IMPORTANT DATES
1947
The first Russian 3D video, Robinson Crusoe, is produced.
1952
World's first feature-length 3D movie, Bwana Devil is released in
the USA that was a boom in 3D movie production.
2009
James Cameron's film Avatar, shot with the Fusion Camera
System come into scene, is hailed as the best 3D film to date
and helps push 3D towards the mainstream.
2010
The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) features prototype 3D
televisions from most major manufacturers.
2011
The
world's
first
dedicated
3D
television
channel,
South
Korea's SKY 3D was launched with1920x1080 resolution.
5

6. INTRODUCTION
In conventional 2D imaging, there is only image for the left and right
eye of the viewer.
So, there is only focused image at the retina due to binocular
disparity.
The study of a 2D image do not provide a full detailed study.
This leads to the invention of Stereoscopic Imaging or 3D imaging.
Stereoscopy creates the illusion of three-dimensional depth from
images on a two-dimensional plane.
In stereoscopic imaging, there are two different images for the left
and right eye of the viewer.
6

7. VISUAL REQUIREMENT
Anatomically, there are 3 levels of binocular vision required to view
stereo images:
1. Simultaneous perception
2. Fusion (binocular 'single' vision)
3. Stereopsis
7

8. HOW IT WORKS?
TECHNIQUES
There are two techniques of producing stereoscopic images:
1. Film Photography
2. Digital Photography
8

9. HOW IT WORKS?
FILM PHOTOGRAPHY
Aim is to take two photographs from
different horizontal positions to get a true
stereoscopic image pair.
This can be done with two separate side-
by-side cameras. Or with the help of
stereo cameras incorporating two or
more side-by-side lenses.
At least 3 lenses are required in a stereo
camera.
9

10. HOW IT WORKS?
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
There are Stereo lenses which turn an ordinary film camera into a
stereo camera by using a special double lens to take two images and
direct them through a single lens to capture them side by side.
These are also available for digital SLR cameras.
In 2009 digital Stereo cameras such as the Fuji W1 began appearing in
the consumer market.
10

11. HOW IT WORKS?
WORKING
11

12. STEREOSCOPIC VIEWERS

There are two categories of stereoscopic viewer technology,
1.
Active
3.
2. Passive
Head Mounted Display

Active viewers have electronics which interact with a display.

Passive viewers filter constant streams of binocular input to the
,,,,appropriate eye.
12

13. 3D VIEWERS
ACTIVE VIEWERS
 Also known as Liquid crystal shutter
glasses.
 Each eye's glass has the property of
becoming
dark
when
voltage
is
applied, being otherwise transparent.
 The action is controlled by a timing
signal
that
allows
the
glasses
to
alternately darken over one eye, and
then the other, in synchronization with
the refresh rate of the screen.
13

14. 3D VIEWERS
PASSIVE VIEWERS
1. Colour Anaglyph Systems
 Anaglyph method is achieved by means of encoding each eye's
image using filters of different colours, typically red and cyan.
 Red filter blocks only red colour while allowing all the colours and the
cyan filter admits only red colour.
14

15. 3D VIEWERS
PASSIVE VIEWERS
1. Chroma depth Systems
 Based on the fact that with a prism, colours are separated by
varying degrees.
 The Chroma Depth eyeglasses contain special view foils, which
consist of microscopically small prisms. This causes the image to be
translated a certain amount that depends on its colour.
15

16. 3D VIEWERS
HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAYS
1. The
user
typically
wears
a
helmet
or
glasses
with
two
small LCD or LED displays with magnifying lenses, one for each eye.
2. The technology can be used to show stereo films, images or games,
but it can also be used to create a virtual display.
3. Specially used for gaming, where virtual opponents may peek from
real windows as a player moves about. This type of system is
expected to have wide application in the maintenance of complex
systems,
16

17. 3D VIEWERS
View With & Without 3D Viewers
17

18. STEREO CAMERAS
1. A stereo camera is a type of camera with two or more lenses with a
separate image sensor or film frame for each lens.
2. Stereo cameras may be used for making stereo views and 3D
pictures for movies, or for range imaging.
3. The distance between the lenses in a typical stereo camera (the
intra-axial distance) is about the distance between one's eyes
(known as the intra-ocular distance) and is about 6.35 cm.
4. A
twin-lens
reflex
camera
uses
one
lens
to
image
to
a
focusing/composition screen and the other to capture the image
on film.
18

19. TYPES OF STEREO CAMERAS
Types of Stereo Cameras:
1. Kodak Stereo Camera
2. Loreo
3. Nimslo 3D
4. Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D
5. Samsung NX-300
19

20. APPLICATIONS

It is extensively used for amusement which includes 3D films.

Space Exploration - Various spaceships are equipped with unique
cameras that allow researchers to view stereoscopic images of the
surface of planets.

Clinical Uses – Stereoscopy is frequently used by vision therapists in
the treatment of many binocular vision and disorders.

In biology and chemistry, complex molecular structures are often
viewed using stereopairs for better view and their study.

This technique is also used in holography.
20

21. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Future enhancement of stereoscopic imaging is Auto stereoscopy.

Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic (3D)
images without the use of special equipment or glasses.

Because headgear is not required, it is also called "glasses-free 3D“.

Automultiscopic displays provide multiple views of the same scene,
rather than just two.

Each view is visible from a different range of positions in front of the
display. This allows the viewer to move left-right in front of the display
and see the correct view from any position.
21

22. PROS & CONS OF
STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING
 By producing a concise visual summary from cross-sectional exams,
3D imaging can,
1. Create studies that are faster and easier to read.
2. Facilitate diagnoses, treatment and surgical planning.
3. Increase clinical productivity.
 It gives a better view of any object so its study becomes easy and
productive.
 Stereoscopic imaging technique requires very high cost.
 It is not available everywhere.
 This technique uses eye glasses which becomes uncomfortable for
the persons wearing spectacles.
22

23. CONCLUSION
 Topic Seminar provided me the knowledge about
technology involved and functioning of the stereoscopic
imaging.
 Given me an idea regarding how the theoretical things
are put into application and the errors that are
encountered during execution.
23

24. REFERENCES
1) Flight Simulation, J. M. Rolfe and K. J. Staples, Cambridge University
Press, 1986, page 134
2) Kaufmann, H.; Schmalstieg, D.; Wagner, M.: Construct3D: a Virtual
Reality Application for Mathematics and Geometry Education.
Education and Information Technologies, London, England, v. 5, n. 4,
p. 263-276, 2000
3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy
24