The document outlines the key steps in the educational research process: 1. Planning involves identifying a research problem, reviewing literature, formulating objectives, and developing a methodology, work plan, and budget. 2. Execution consists of selecting data collection techniques, sampling, collecting and analyzing data. 3. Reporting includes presenting results, arguing conclusions, and discussing implications. The steps provide a framework for conducting rigorous educational research and communicating findings.

2. Steps in Educational Research
Planning
Execution
Reporting
Steps in Educational Research 2

3. Research problem 1
2
Literature review
3
Objectives
4
Methodology
5
Work plan
Steps in Educational Research
6
Budget
Steps in Planning
7
Utilization of results
8
Proposal
3

4. Questions to be asked
•What is the problem and why is it be studied?
•What information is available?
•Why so we want to carry out research? What do we hope to
achieve?
•What additional data we require to achieve our research objectives?
How are we going to collect this information?
•Who will do what and when?
•What resource do we need to carry out study? What resource do we
have?
•How will project be administrated? How will utilization of results be
ensured?
•How will we present our proposal to relevant authorities/funding
agencies?
Steps in Educational Research 4

5. Steps to be Taken
Steps in Educational Research 5

6. Step 1
Selection, analysis and statement of
the research problem
1
•Problem identification
2
•Prioritizing problem
3
•Analysis
Steps in Educational Research 6

7. Step 2
Literature review
1
•Literature
2
•Research
3
•Other information
Steps in Educational Research 7

8. Step 3
Formulation of research objectives
•General and
1 specific objectives
•Hypotheses
2
Steps in Educational Research 8

9. Step 4
Research methodology
1 • Variables
2 • Types of study
3 • Data collection techniques
4 • Sampling
5 • Plan for data collection
6 • Plan for data processing and analysis
7 • Ethical considerations
8 • Pre-test of pilot study
Steps in Educational Research 9

10. Step 5
Work plan
•Human resource
1
•Time table
2
Steps in Educational Research 10

11. Step 6
Budget
•Material support
1 and equipments
•Finance
2
Steps in Educational Research 11

12. Step 7
Plan for project administration and
utilization of results
• Administration
1
• Monitoring
2
• Identification of potential users
3
Steps in Educational Research 12

13. Step 8
Proposal summary
•Briefing sessions
1
•Presentations
2
Steps in Educational Research 13

14. Steps in execution
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15. Steps in Educational Research 15

16. Research Proposal
Steps in Educational Research 16

17. instrumentation
• Observation
Selection of
• Interview
techniques
• Survey
• Questionnaires
• Rating scales
• Checklists
• Definition of variables
Preparation • Identification of behavioral indicators
• Preparation of blue print
of tools • Preparation of items
• Try-out
• Item analysis
• Reliability
• Steps in Educational Research
Validity 17

18. Sampling
Decide the • Arrive at different sampling frames
population
• Target groups/Respondents
Source of data • Quantitative/Qualitative
Define samples • Sampling frames for different sources of data
Decide sampling
• Probability/Non-probability
procedures
Steps in Educational Research 18

19. Data collection
• Online
Modes • Telephone
• In person
• Duration
Timing • Specific context occurrence
• In one short
Phasing • Spacing
Steps in Educational Research 19

20. coding
• Qualitative to quantitative
Procedures of • Quantitative to qualitative
transformation of data • Continues to discrete
• Ideas to numbers
Numerical expressions • Numbers to ideas
• Assigning numbers to categorical variables
Triangulation • Symbolizing common ideas from different sources
Steps in Educational Research 20

21. Spread sheet
Data screening
Data analysis
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22. Steps in Educational Research 22

23. Scheme of chapters
Theoretical framework
Gaps in research and theoretical
confusions
Presentation of modus operandi
Con.,
Steps in Educational Research 23

24. Results
Argumentation
Conclusion
Implications
Steps in Educational Research 24