The document provides information about the new European structural steel standard EN 10025:2004, including:
- It summarizes the history of the standard and explains the new standard draws together earlier standards into six parts.
- It explains the grade designation systems used in the previous standard EN 10025:1993 and the new standard, noting the symbols are similar but not identical.
- It includes tables comparing the grades, properties, and nearest equivalent grades between the new standard and previous standards it replaces for non-alloy structural steels, normalized/normalized rolled steels, thermomechanically rolled steels, and high strength quenched and tempered steels.
The document discusses the process of shop fabrication of structural steel. It describes the key stages as receiving and inspecting raw materials, preparation such as cutting and drilling, production through welding, surface preparation and protection. Quality control is conducted throughout, including material inspections, dimension checks, identification tests and non-destructive tests. Common welding defects are also outlined along with factors that affect weld quality. Non-destructive tests like visual inspection, radiography, ultrasonic and magnetic testing are used to identify any defects before erection.
This document provides information on the essential variables and requirements for welder qualification according to ASME Section IX. It lists the key variables that must be specified for a welder qualification, including welding process, type, base metal, filler metal, and weld thickness limits. It also outlines the qualification requirements and limitations for weld position, diameter, progression, backing, and which filler and base metals a welder is qualified to use based on their test.
The document summarizes the modern steel making process. It begins with an introduction to steel as an alloy of iron and other elements like carbon. It then describes the main types of steel and the modern steel making process which involves three steps: primary steel making, secondary steel making/post-treatment, and casting. For primary steel making, it focuses on the basic oxygen furnace process, where carbon-rich molten pig iron is converted to low-carbon steel by blowing oxygen through it to lower the carbon content.
This document discusses casting quality control and inspection. It begins with an introduction to casting quality control and outlines the agenda to be covered, including casting defects, factors responsible, remedies, cleaning methods, and inspection testing. It then defines different types of casting defects based on location, cause, type, size, and other factors. Common defects like shrinkage cavities, hot tears, and cold shuts are described along with their causes and remedies. The document also covers cleaning methods for castings like removing gates and risers. Various inspection methods for evaluating castings like mechanical impact cleaning and hydroblasting are then outlined.
Mohamed elsayied daowod has over 9 years of experience as a senior QC inspector, welding inspector, and mechanical engineer. He has worked on various oil, gas, petrochemical, and industrial projects inspecting piping, tanks, heat exchangers, and pressure vessels. Currently he works as a QA/QC inspection engineer ensuring new chemical plant equipment meets codes and specifications.
The document describes the process of forming iron and steel using a blast furnace. It involves the following key steps:
1. Sinter is added to the top of the blast furnace. Air is blasted into the bottom to fuel reactions that melt the iron out of the sinter.
2. Molten iron collects at the bottom of the furnace and is tapped out periodically. Slag floats on top and is also tapped out. Wasted gases exit from the top.
3. The iron produced contains carbon and impurities, making it cast iron. Steel is made by removing carbon from cast iron through oxidation, then adding other metals to produce alloys with specific properties.
Válvulas Worcester de México fabrica una amplia variedad de válvulas de bola para usos industriales y generales. La compañía ha estado operando por más de 50 años y cuenta con certificaciones de calidad. Ofrece válvulas manuales y automáticas con materiales y diseños para aplicaciones industriales específicas.
The document summarizes ASME Section VIII Division 1 code requirements for material identification, repair of material defects, Charpy impact testing of production test coupons, weld joint categories, radiographic and ultrasonic examination, welding requirements, and acceptance standards for non-destructive examination. Key points include requirements for original material markings, testing procedures that vary based on joint category and position, examination types based on joint size and material thickness, welder identification, pre-welding surface preparation, and imperfection acceptance criteria.
The document discusses the process of shop fabrication of structural steel. It describes the key stages as receiving and inspecting raw materials, preparation such as cutting and drilling, production through welding, surface preparation and protection. Quality control is conducted throughout, including material inspections, dimension checks, identification tests and non-destructive tests. Common welding defects are also outlined along with factors that affect weld quality. Non-destructive tests like visual inspection, radiography, ultrasonic and magnetic testing are used to identify any defects before erection.
This document provides information on the essential variables and requirements for welder qualification according to ASME Section IX. It lists the key variables that must be specified for a welder qualification, including welding process, type, base metal, filler metal, and weld thickness limits. It also outlines the qualification requirements and limitations for weld position, diameter, progression, backing, and which filler and base metals a welder is qualified to use based on their test.
The document summarizes the modern steel making process. It begins with an introduction to steel as an alloy of iron and other elements like carbon. It then describes the main types of steel and the modern steel making process which involves three steps: primary steel making, secondary steel making/post-treatment, and casting. For primary steel making, it focuses on the basic oxygen furnace process, where carbon-rich molten pig iron is converted to low-carbon steel by blowing oxygen through it to lower the carbon content.
This document discusses casting quality control and inspection. It begins with an introduction to casting quality control and outlines the agenda to be covered, including casting defects, factors responsible, remedies, cleaning methods, and inspection testing. It then defines different types of casting defects based on location, cause, type, size, and other factors. Common defects like shrinkage cavities, hot tears, and cold shuts are described along with their causes and remedies. The document also covers cleaning methods for castings like removing gates and risers. Various inspection methods for evaluating castings like mechanical impact cleaning and hydroblasting are then outlined.
Mohamed elsayied daowod has over 9 years of experience as a senior QC inspector, welding inspector, and mechanical engineer. He has worked on various oil, gas, petrochemical, and industrial projects inspecting piping, tanks, heat exchangers, and pressure vessels. Currently he works as a QA/QC inspection engineer ensuring new chemical plant equipment meets codes and specifications.
The document describes the process of forming iron and steel using a blast furnace. It involves the following key steps:
1. Sinter is added to the top of the blast furnace. Air is blasted into the bottom to fuel reactions that melt the iron out of the sinter.
2. Molten iron collects at the bottom of the furnace and is tapped out periodically. Slag floats on top and is also tapped out. Wasted gases exit from the top.
3. The iron produced contains carbon and impurities, making it cast iron. Steel is made by removing carbon from cast iron through oxidation, then adding other metals to produce alloys with specific properties.
Válvulas Worcester de México fabrica una amplia variedad de válvulas de bola para usos industriales y generales. La compañía ha estado operando por más de 50 años y cuenta con certificaciones de calidad. Ofrece válvulas manuales y automáticas con materiales y diseños para aplicaciones industriales específicas.
The document summarizes ASME Section VIII Division 1 code requirements for material identification, repair of material defects, Charpy impact testing of production test coupons, weld joint categories, radiographic and ultrasonic examination, welding requirements, and acceptance standards for non-destructive examination. Key points include requirements for original material markings, testing procedures that vary based on joint category and position, examination types based on joint size and material thickness, welder identification, pre-welding surface preparation, and imperfection acceptance criteria.
This training report provides information about Kangaro Industries Ltd, a leading manufacturer of stationery products in India. It discusses the company's history and achievements, including receiving the World Quality Commitment Award. It also outlines the key processes involved in manufacturing the products, describing the main plants for press work, spring coiling, plating, painting, and assembly. Diagrams are included showing the plant layout and workings of the spring coiling machine. The report aims to provide details about Kangaro Industries' manufacturing operations and quality recognition.
The document outlines standards and acceptance tests for galvanizing and testing of materials. It discusses recommended practices for hot dip galvanizing of iron according to various Indian standards. Acceptance tests include visual examination, dimensional verification, and galvanizing tests. Standards are provided for the amount of zinc coating, specifying an average of 610 gm of zinc per square meter with a thickness of 80 microns. The quality of the zinc coating will be established through testing according to IS-2633 to ensure it is smooth, uniform and free of defects.
El documento describe los procedimientos de soldadura WPS y PQR. Un WPS especifica las variables a considerar para una soldadura específica y determina las pruebas de calificación del proceso y el soldador. Un PQR registra los resultados de soldar y probar probetas según las especificaciones. Calificar un procedimiento implica verificar las características de la soldadura a través de pruebas para cumplir las especificaciones establecidas.
Este documento proporciona una lista de soldadores calificados por la Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V. Incluye el nombre, ficha, procedimiento de soldadura (WPS), material, diámetro y rango de espesor para cada soldador calificado. También incluye la certificación de procedimientos de soldadura calificados para la Refinería Antonio M. Amor.
This document describes various defects that can occur in steel billets during the continuous casting process. Section I defines shape defects such as rhomboidity, bulging, concavity, and transverse depression. Section II covers internal defects like diagonal cracking, intercolumnar cracks, and central porosity/pipe. Section III outlines surface defects including bleed outs, reciprocation marks, and scoring. For each defect, the document provides details on causes and recommended actions to check things like mould alignment, secondary cooling, casting speeds, and lubrication.
This document provides information on welding symbols according to BS 499 part 2 and BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) standards. It explains the components and rules for welding symbols, including the arrow line, reference line, symbol, dimensions and supplementary information. Various weld types and processes are defined through symbols, such as fillet welds, butt welds, plug welds and numerical codes for welding processes. Dimensioning rules, representations of weld profiles, and examples of interpreting welding symbols from drawings are also covered.
This document outlines the course plan for a steel making processes course. It includes topics that will be covered such as the various steelmaking methods like basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace. It also lists the textbook references and learning resources provided. The course will have lectures, assignments, simulations, midterm and final exams. Students will learn about the raw materials, chemistry, equipment and processes involved in steel production.
The document discusses the process of making steel, including the raw materials, production processes, and applications. Key points:
- Raw materials include iron ore, limestone, coke, and scrap metal. Iron ore is purified and melted in blast furnaces with coke and limestone.
- Primary production methods are basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF), which further refine molten iron into steel.
- Secondary processes like degassing and temperature control produce semi-finished and finished steel products.
- Steel products have many applications in infrastructure, vehicles, machinery, and more due to their strength and cost effectiveness.
This document discusses the process of steel making. It begins by introducing steel and its types, which are classified based on carbon percentage as carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel. It then describes the main steel making methods. The basic oxygen furnace uses carbon-rich pig iron and oxygen to produce low-carbon steel. The electric arc furnace produces specialty steels by heating scrap metal with an electric arc. Secondary steelmaking processes such as argon oxygen decarburization further refine the steel through decarburization, desulphurization, and alloying.
This document describes bend testing procedures for evaluating the ductility of welds. It discusses different types of bend tests including guided bend tests, where a mandrel forces the specimen between supports, and free bend tests. It explains that guided bend tests are primarily used for plates. The document also outlines how to prepare bend test samples in different orientations like transverse face, root, and side bends as well as longitudinal face and root bends. Finally, it states that bend testing can show the tensile strength, ductility, and fusion/penetration of welds.
billet, rod, or tube are continuous cast, defined
as the continuous solidification and withdrawal
of product from an open-ended shaping mold.
Methods include both vertical and horizontal
casting, depending on product size, shape, and
volume. Casting vertically has certain inherent
technical advantages. The symmetry of cooling
promotes a uniform and predictable solidification
growth pattern and uniform axial loading
on the freshly solidified shell as it is withdrawn
from the mold. In tube or hollow section casting,
the vertical process has particular merit.
The disadvantages of vertical casting are
mostly logistic: difficulty in handling long
lengths of section; cut-off can be more difficult
to engineer and control; and it is generally a
semicontinuous operation. Horizontal casting
requires lower capital investment, is compatible
with lower production rates, and is a continuous
operation.
This article briefly reviews the history and
methods of copper alloy continuous casting;
the information is drawn from the very detailed
and extensive coverage of the subject in Ref 1
and the numerous publications of equipment
supply companies such as Rautomead, SMS
Meer, and so on
The physical principle of the electric arc furnace will be briefly explained. It will be made clear how latest context and technology bound developments triggered the breakthrough of the electric arc furnace as a future oriented technology. The increasing relevance of the electric arc furnace will be illustrated by some examples coming from a broad range of industrial sectors. Some indications will be given on the impact of the electric arc furnace on the electrical system.
Based on overall economic figures, indications will be given of the chance for further penetration of the electric arc furnace in industrial thermal processes.
This document discusses various metal alloys including brasses, bronzes, copper-nickel alloys, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys. It provides information on their crystal structures, common alloying elements, properties, and applications. Key points covered include the different phases of brasses depending on zinc content, common types of bronzes and their compositions, and examples of important wrought and casting aluminium alloys.
HOT ROLLING MILL - BILLETS Split ends and cracking problem ANIL KUMAR SHARMA
Several defects can occur during the metal rolling process. Surface defects such as impurities, scale, rust, or dirt are common if adequate surface preparation is not performed before rolling. More serious internal defects like edge cracks, center cracks, and wavy edges can result from improper material distribution in the final product. Other defects include alligatoring, where the material splits during rolling, and cracking or tearing from non-uniform heating of the workpiece in hot rolling. Process parameters like roll bending force, billet movement speed, roller clearance, and alloy composition can also influence defect formation.
This document discusses various types of weld discontinuities and defects including misalignment, undercut, insufficient fill, excessive reinforcement, overlap, burn-through, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, arc strikes, and inclusions such as slag, wagontracks, and tungsten. Each discontinuity or defect is defined, potential causes are identified, methods for prevention are provided, and repair techniques are described. The document serves as a reference for identifying and addressing common weld problems and defects.
This document provides an overview and contents of an online course about ASME Section I and Section VIII fundamentals. It includes:
- An introduction to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code which contains 12 sections covering various topics like power boilers, materials, pressure vessels, welding qualifications, and piping codes.
- Summaries of the scopes and requirements of key sections like Section I (power boilers), Section VIII (pressure vessels), and the B31 piping codes.
- Information on ASME certification and inspection procedures for pressure equipment.
- A note on converting between imperial and metric units in the ASME codes.
- An introduction to the fundamentals and design requirements
Este documento presenta las normativas de referencia para realizar ensayos de doblado de uniones soldadas. El ensayo de doblado evalúa la ductilidad y ausencia de imperfecciones superficiales y subsuperficiales en la unión soldada al doblarla a través del metal de soldadura sin desdoblarla. El examen visual evalúa la superficie exterior y laterales de la probeta de acuerdo a la norma aplicable.
The document lists welding codes from several standards organizations, including the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Welding Society (AWS), American Petroleum Institute (API), Australian/New Zealand Standards, Canadian Standards Association (CSA), British Standards (BS), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and others. It provides the organization name, titles of relevant welding standards, and brief descriptions of welding qualifications and specifications covered in each standard.
Borusan Mannesmann is Turkey's leading steel pipe manufacturer. It produces a wide range of pipe products including gas pipes, water pipes, general purpose pipes, and OCTG pipes. Borusan Mannesmann provides high quality pipes that can be used securely in many applications. The document provides specifications for the company's OCTG casing and tubing pipes, water well casing pipes, ERW line pipes, spirally welded line pipes, boiler tubes, tubes for pressure purposes, mother tubes, and precision tubes.
This training report provides information about Kangaro Industries Ltd, a leading manufacturer of stationery products in India. It discusses the company's history and achievements, including receiving the World Quality Commitment Award. It also outlines the key processes involved in manufacturing the products, describing the main plants for press work, spring coiling, plating, painting, and assembly. Diagrams are included showing the plant layout and workings of the spring coiling machine. The report aims to provide details about Kangaro Industries' manufacturing operations and quality recognition.
The document outlines standards and acceptance tests for galvanizing and testing of materials. It discusses recommended practices for hot dip galvanizing of iron according to various Indian standards. Acceptance tests include visual examination, dimensional verification, and galvanizing tests. Standards are provided for the amount of zinc coating, specifying an average of 610 gm of zinc per square meter with a thickness of 80 microns. The quality of the zinc coating will be established through testing according to IS-2633 to ensure it is smooth, uniform and free of defects.
El documento describe los procedimientos de soldadura WPS y PQR. Un WPS especifica las variables a considerar para una soldadura específica y determina las pruebas de calificación del proceso y el soldador. Un PQR registra los resultados de soldar y probar probetas según las especificaciones. Calificar un procedimiento implica verificar las características de la soldadura a través de pruebas para cumplir las especificaciones establecidas.
Este documento proporciona una lista de soldadores calificados por la Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V. Incluye el nombre, ficha, procedimiento de soldadura (WPS), material, diámetro y rango de espesor para cada soldador calificado. También incluye la certificación de procedimientos de soldadura calificados para la Refinería Antonio M. Amor.
This document describes various defects that can occur in steel billets during the continuous casting process. Section I defines shape defects such as rhomboidity, bulging, concavity, and transverse depression. Section II covers internal defects like diagonal cracking, intercolumnar cracks, and central porosity/pipe. Section III outlines surface defects including bleed outs, reciprocation marks, and scoring. For each defect, the document provides details on causes and recommended actions to check things like mould alignment, secondary cooling, casting speeds, and lubrication.
This document provides information on welding symbols according to BS 499 part 2 and BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553) standards. It explains the components and rules for welding symbols, including the arrow line, reference line, symbol, dimensions and supplementary information. Various weld types and processes are defined through symbols, such as fillet welds, butt welds, plug welds and numerical codes for welding processes. Dimensioning rules, representations of weld profiles, and examples of interpreting welding symbols from drawings are also covered.
This document outlines the course plan for a steel making processes course. It includes topics that will be covered such as the various steelmaking methods like basic oxygen furnace and electric arc furnace. It also lists the textbook references and learning resources provided. The course will have lectures, assignments, simulations, midterm and final exams. Students will learn about the raw materials, chemistry, equipment and processes involved in steel production.
The document discusses the process of making steel, including the raw materials, production processes, and applications. Key points:
- Raw materials include iron ore, limestone, coke, and scrap metal. Iron ore is purified and melted in blast furnaces with coke and limestone.
- Primary production methods are basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF), which further refine molten iron into steel.
- Secondary processes like degassing and temperature control produce semi-finished and finished steel products.
- Steel products have many applications in infrastructure, vehicles, machinery, and more due to their strength and cost effectiveness.
This document discusses the process of steel making. It begins by introducing steel and its types, which are classified based on carbon percentage as carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel. It then describes the main steel making methods. The basic oxygen furnace uses carbon-rich pig iron and oxygen to produce low-carbon steel. The electric arc furnace produces specialty steels by heating scrap metal with an electric arc. Secondary steelmaking processes such as argon oxygen decarburization further refine the steel through decarburization, desulphurization, and alloying.
This document describes bend testing procedures for evaluating the ductility of welds. It discusses different types of bend tests including guided bend tests, where a mandrel forces the specimen between supports, and free bend tests. It explains that guided bend tests are primarily used for plates. The document also outlines how to prepare bend test samples in different orientations like transverse face, root, and side bends as well as longitudinal face and root bends. Finally, it states that bend testing can show the tensile strength, ductility, and fusion/penetration of welds.
billet, rod, or tube are continuous cast, defined
as the continuous solidification and withdrawal
of product from an open-ended shaping mold.
Methods include both vertical and horizontal
casting, depending on product size, shape, and
volume. Casting vertically has certain inherent
technical advantages. The symmetry of cooling
promotes a uniform and predictable solidification
growth pattern and uniform axial loading
on the freshly solidified shell as it is withdrawn
from the mold. In tube or hollow section casting,
the vertical process has particular merit.
The disadvantages of vertical casting are
mostly logistic: difficulty in handling long
lengths of section; cut-off can be more difficult
to engineer and control; and it is generally a
semicontinuous operation. Horizontal casting
requires lower capital investment, is compatible
with lower production rates, and is a continuous
operation.
This article briefly reviews the history and
methods of copper alloy continuous casting;
the information is drawn from the very detailed
and extensive coverage of the subject in Ref 1
and the numerous publications of equipment
supply companies such as Rautomead, SMS
Meer, and so on
The physical principle of the electric arc furnace will be briefly explained. It will be made clear how latest context and technology bound developments triggered the breakthrough of the electric arc furnace as a future oriented technology. The increasing relevance of the electric arc furnace will be illustrated by some examples coming from a broad range of industrial sectors. Some indications will be given on the impact of the electric arc furnace on the electrical system.
Based on overall economic figures, indications will be given of the chance for further penetration of the electric arc furnace in industrial thermal processes.
This document discusses various metal alloys including brasses, bronzes, copper-nickel alloys, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys. It provides information on their crystal structures, common alloying elements, properties, and applications. Key points covered include the different phases of brasses depending on zinc content, common types of bronzes and their compositions, and examples of important wrought and casting aluminium alloys.
HOT ROLLING MILL - BILLETS Split ends and cracking problem ANIL KUMAR SHARMA
Several defects can occur during the metal rolling process. Surface defects such as impurities, scale, rust, or dirt are common if adequate surface preparation is not performed before rolling. More serious internal defects like edge cracks, center cracks, and wavy edges can result from improper material distribution in the final product. Other defects include alligatoring, where the material splits during rolling, and cracking or tearing from non-uniform heating of the workpiece in hot rolling. Process parameters like roll bending force, billet movement speed, roller clearance, and alloy composition can also influence defect formation.
This document discusses various types of weld discontinuities and defects including misalignment, undercut, insufficient fill, excessive reinforcement, overlap, burn-through, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, arc strikes, and inclusions such as slag, wagontracks, and tungsten. Each discontinuity or defect is defined, potential causes are identified, methods for prevention are provided, and repair techniques are described. The document serves as a reference for identifying and addressing common weld problems and defects.
This document provides an overview and contents of an online course about ASME Section I and Section VIII fundamentals. It includes:
- An introduction to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code which contains 12 sections covering various topics like power boilers, materials, pressure vessels, welding qualifications, and piping codes.
- Summaries of the scopes and requirements of key sections like Section I (power boilers), Section VIII (pressure vessels), and the B31 piping codes.
- Information on ASME certification and inspection procedures for pressure equipment.
- A note on converting between imperial and metric units in the ASME codes.
- An introduction to the fundamentals and design requirements
Este documento presenta las normativas de referencia para realizar ensayos de doblado de uniones soldadas. El ensayo de doblado evalúa la ductilidad y ausencia de imperfecciones superficiales y subsuperficiales en la unión soldada al doblarla a través del metal de soldadura sin desdoblarla. El examen visual evalúa la superficie exterior y laterales de la probeta de acuerdo a la norma aplicable.
The document lists welding codes from several standards organizations, including the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), American Welding Society (AWS), American Petroleum Institute (API), Australian/New Zealand Standards, Canadian Standards Association (CSA), British Standards (BS), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and others. It provides the organization name, titles of relevant welding standards, and brief descriptions of welding qualifications and specifications covered in each standard.
Borusan Mannesmann is Turkey's leading steel pipe manufacturer. It produces a wide range of pipe products including gas pipes, water pipes, general purpose pipes, and OCTG pipes. Borusan Mannesmann provides high quality pipes that can be used securely in many applications. The document provides specifications for the company's OCTG casing and tubing pipes, water well casing pipes, ERW line pipes, spirally welded line pipes, boiler tubes, tubes for pressure purposes, mother tubes, and precision tubes.
The document outlines the requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel according to the Indian Standard 2062:2006. It specifies chemical composition limits and mechanical properties for each grade. It also describes testing requirements, including tensile testing, bend testing, and impact testing to ensure the steel meets specifications. Defect and freedom from defect standards are provided as well as permissible variations in chemical analysis and testing positions.
The document outlines Indian Standard 2062:2006 which specifies requirements for nine grades of hot rolled low, medium, and high tensile structural steel. It describes the chemical composition, mechanical properties, permissible variations, testing procedures, and other quality requirements for the steel grades. Destructive and non-destructive tests are specified to ensure freedom from defects and compliance with mechanical properties.
Standard cr ni-mo-stainless_steels_datasheetalex_mn
This document summarizes standard Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steels. Key points include:
- They have enhanced corrosion resistance compared to standard Cr-Ni grades due to their molybdenum content.
- Common grades include 316, 316L, 316Ti which have excellent formability, weldability, and impact strength.
- They are used in applications handling chemicals and in equipment for industries like pulp/paper, food, and pharmaceuticals.
- Molybdenum improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, especially in environments with chlorides.
- They generally have good resistance to uniform corrosion in organic and inorganic chemicals.
This document provides a summary of UGIGRIP® stainless steel concrete reinforcing bars. It discusses the general properties, including higher mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared to conventional steel. It recommends three duplex grades - UGIGRIP® 4062, 4362, and 4462 - for their high mechanical properties and exceptional corrosion resistance. The document also discusses physical properties, corrosion resistance, geometry, and other technical specifications of the reinforcing bars.
This document is the Indian Standard for hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel. It specifies nine grades of steel in two tables, with requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, and quality levels. It covers the scope, references other standards, definitions, requirements for material supply, grades and sub-qualities, allowed manufacturing processes, and quality requirements for freedom from defects. The standard was revised to update the grades and harmonize with international standards, and provides specifications for structural steel plates, sections, bars and other products.
This document discusses aircraft materials, focusing on aluminum alloys. It provides an overview of the basic requirements for aircraft materials, including high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. Common structural materials are aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and composite materials. Important aluminum alloys for aircraft include the 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series. Properties of specific alloys like 2024, 6061, 7075 are presented. Casting aluminum alloys and their microstructure and properties are also reviewed.
This document provides technical data and specifications for butt weld pipe fittings manufactured by TK Corporation. It includes dimensions and specifications for carbon steel and stainless steel elbows, tees, reducers, caps, and other fittings in accordance with ASME standards. Dimension tables are provided for nominal pipe sizes from 1/2 inch to 32 inches. The document also references applicable material standards and provides marking and labeling requirements for TK Corporation fittings.
Large AC motors are defined as having a power rating greater than specified NEMA limits, a stator winding constructed by hand, or operating at voltages over 2300V. They use large enclosures to protect internal components from environmental conditions. Key components include stators constructed from laminated steel and copper windings, and rotors made from cast aluminum or copper bars. Large bearings and accessories like space heaters are also required due to the motor size. Proper enclosure selection and component sizing are important to ensure reliable operation of large AC motors in various applications.
This document provides a draft revision to the Indian Standard specification for hot rolled medium and high tensile structural steel. Some key changes in the revision include:
1) The title has been modified and the word 'low' has been deleted to reflect the grades of steel covered.
2) Nine grades of steel are now specified, with some grades having two to four sub-qualities indicating impact test requirements and deoxidation method.
3) The manufacturing clause has been modified to allow for different steelmaking and rolling practices.
4) Requirements have been aligned with international standards like EN and ASTM to make the Indian standard more comparable globally.
This document provides an overview of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes. It discusses the objectives and benefits of codes and standards, and describes the ASME Code system and some of its key sections. It focuses on introducing ASME Section VIII Division 1, covering the scope and exclusions of this section. Key topics covered include design requirements, material specifications, fabrication methods, weld joint categories, non-destructive examination methods, and hydrostatic and pneumatic testing requirements.
This document provides an agenda and overview of a training program on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes. It discusses the objectives of codes and standards, highlights of the ASME Code system including sections I through XI, and introduces Section VIII Division 1 which governs pressure vessels. Key points covered include material requirements, design thickness calculation, weld joint categories, non-destructive testing requirements, and post-weld heat treatment stipulations. The training aims to help participants understand the application and requirements of the ASME pressure vessel codes.
TISCO SPP produces stainless steel tubes and pipes for various industries including petroleum, natural gas, petrochemicals, power plants, automobiles, and ships. The plant has an annual production capacity of 50,000 tons for seamless pipes and 10,000 tons for welded pipes in diameters ranging from 6-762 mm and wall thicknesses from 0.5-40 mm. Products are made from various stainless steel grades including austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, duplex, and nickel alloys. The plant has extensive production facilities including extrusion presses, rolling mills, heat treatment systems, non-destructive testing equipment, and a technology research center to ensure high quality products.
Bulb flats are a cost-effective and corrosion-resistant solution for plate stiffening. They have an excellent strength-to-weight ratio and rounded edges that eliminate the need for grinding. This reduces costs during fabrication and extends the life of paint protection against corrosion. British Steel produces bulb flats in various grades and dimensions, with complete traceability. They can be blast cleaned and primed for enhanced fabrication and corrosion protection.
Sandvik 254 SMO is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. It has higher strength than conventional austenitic stainless steels and good weldability. The document provides details on the chemical composition, forms, mechanical and physical properties, corrosion resistance, heat treatment, and welding of Sandvik 254 SMO.
The PPT is prepared to create awareness in practicing civil engineers to minimize the mistakes in construction so as to enhance the stability and durability of structures
The document provides an overview of the technical area and processes at Altona Alloys. It describes the purpose of giving technical support to production sectors and ensuring products conform to customer requirements. Key areas covered include engineering processes, product engineering, inspection, and technical project development. Product groups manufactured from different alloy compositions using various furnace types are also outlined.
This document is a standard specification for carbon and alloy steel externally threaded metric fasteners. It covers 9 property classes of metric fasteners from M1.6 to M100 diameter. The specification provides requirements for chemical composition and mechanical properties for each class. It references other standards for test methods, practices, and related specifications. When ordering fasteners to this specification, the order must include quantity, product name, dimensions, property class, and whether zinc coating is required.
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2. 2 European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004
Introduction
EN 10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for
structural steel.
EN 10025 : 2004 is the new European standard for
structural steel. This leaflet shows the new grades,
properties and the nearest equivalent grades from
former standards including EN 10025 : 1993. The grade
designation system is also explained.
Corus produces a very wide range of rolled sections and
plates and the information below has been prepared to
show how the new standard applies to these products.
For information on the size ranges available please ring
+44 (0) 1724 404400 and ask for ‘Plate products range
of sizes’ for plate and plate cut from coil, or ‘Structural
sections to BS4 part 1’ for rolled sections.
History of the standard
The European Committee for Iron and Steel
Standardisation is responsible for producing the
European Standards (ENs) for structural steels. The first
of these standards, EN 10025, was published in the UK
by BSI as EN 10025 : 1990, partly superseding
BS 4360 : 1986, which was re-issued as BS 4360 : 1990.
In 1993, a second edition of EN 10025 was made
available together with EN 10113 : parts 1, 2 & 3 and EN
10155. In June 1994, EN 10210 : part 1 was published
and at the same time BS 4360 was officially withdrawn.
The balance of the BS 4360 steels not affected by these
ENs were re-issued in new British Standards BS 7613
and BS 7668. In 1996, with the publication of EN 10137,
BS 7613 was withdrawn. BS 7668 will remain until an
EN for atmospheric corrosion resistant hollow sections
is available.
In 2004 the standard EN 10025 was revised to address the
provisions of EU Construction Products Directive
(89/106/EEC). It is now published in six parts to bring
together almost all the ‘Structural Metallic Products’ into
one comprehensive standard.
The new standard EN 10025 : 2004
The new standard is published in six parts and draws
together earlier standards to produce one standard for
the majority of structural steel products. The parts are:
• Part 1 - General technical delivery conditions.
• Part 2 - Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy
structural steels.
Supersedes EN 10025 : 1993
• Part 3 - Technical delivery conditions for normalised/
normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels.
Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 2 : 1993
• Part 4 - Technical delivery conditions for
thermomechanically rolled weldable fine grain
structural steels.
Supersedes EN 10113 : parts 1 & 3 : 1993
• Part 5 - Technical delivery conditions for structural
steels with improved atmospheric corrosion
resistance - also known as weathering steels.
Supersedes EN 10155 : 1993
• Part 6 - Technical delivery conditions for flat products
of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched
and tempered condition.
Supersedes EN 10137 : parts 1 & 2 : 1996
3. European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004 3
Grade designation systems
The designation systems used in the new standard are
similar but not identical to EN 10025 : 1993 and very
different to the familiar BS 4360 designations so the
guide below has been prepared to assist purchasers,
specifiers, designers and users of steel.
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004
Non-alloy structural steels
S... Structural steel
E... Engineering steel
.235... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...JR.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ +20°C
...J0.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C
...J2.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20°C
...K2.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20°C
...+AR Supply condition as rolled
...+N Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options
...C.. Grade suitable for cold forming
...Z.. Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235JR+AR, S355K2C+N
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004
Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain
structural steels
S... Structural steel
.275... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...N.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower
than -20°C
...NL.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower
than -50°C
Customer options
...Z.. Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S275N, S420NL Z35
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004
Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine grain
structural steels
S... Structural steel
.275... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...M.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not
lower than -20°C
...ML.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not
lower than -50°C
Customer options
...Z.. Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S355M, S460ML Z25
Grade designation systems
Design and technical advice is available from our
Technical Sales & Marketing department.
4. 4 European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004
Grade designation systems
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004
Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion
resistance – also known as weathering steels
S... Structural steel
.355... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...J0.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ 0°C
...J2.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 27 J @ -20°C
...K2.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts 40 J @ -20°C
...W.. Improved atmospheric corrosion resistance
...P.. Greater phosphorus content (grade S355 only)
...+AR Supply condition as rolled
...+N Supply condition normalised or normalised rolled
Customer options
...Z.. Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S235J0W+AR, S355K2W+N Z25
Symbols used in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004
Flat products of high yield strength structural steels
in the quenched and tempered condition
S... Structural steel
.460... Minimum yield strength (Reh) in MPa @ 16mm
...Q.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower
than -20°C
...QL.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower
than -40°C
...QL1.. Longitudinal Charpy V-notch impacts at a temperature not lower
than -60°C
Customer options
...Z.. Grade with improved properties perpendicular to the surface
Examples: S460Q, S690QL
Grade designation systems (continued)
5. Table 1
EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 Non-alloy structural steels
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
The tables below show the grades, properties and
nearest equivalent grades from earlier standards.
The grade designations are explained on the
previous pages.
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10025 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 2 : 2004 EN 10025 : 1993 BS 4360 : 1990
Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Grade Grade
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) Temp (°C) Energy (J)
t = 16mm
S185 185 290/510 - - S185 -
- 1
235 360/510 - - S235 40A
S235JR 2
20 27 S235JRG1/G2 40B
S235J0 0 27 S235J0 40C
S235J2 -20 27 S235J2G3/G4 40D
- 1
275 410/560 - - S275 43A
S275JR 2
20 27 S275JR 43B
S275J0 0 27 S275J0 43C
S275J2 -20 27 S275J2G3/G4 43D
- 1
355 470/630 - - S355 50A
S355JR 2
20 27 S355JR 50B
S355J0 0 27 S355J0 50C
S355J2 -20 27 S355J2G3/G4 50D
S355K2 -20 40 S355K2G3/G4 50DD
E295 295 470/610 - - E295 -
S335 335 570/710 - - S335 -
E360 360 650/830 - - E360 -
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
Notes
1 For all products to be compliant with the EU Construction Products Directive (CPD 89/106/EC) the material must offer a guaranteed minimum
impact performance. This has resulted in the removal of this grade from the standard, and the lowest grade now offered is the JR version for each
yield strength variation.
2 Verification of the specified impact value is only carried out when agreed at the time of the enquiry and order.
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004 5
6. 6 European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
Grades, properties and nearest equivalents (continued)
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 EN 10113 : part 2 : 1993 BS 4360 : 1990
Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Grade Grade
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) Temp (°C) Energy (J)
t = 16mm
S275N 275 370/510 -20 40 S275N 43DD
S275NL -50 27 S275NL 43EE
S355N 355 470/630 -20 40 S355N 50
S355NL -50 27 S355NL 50EE
S420N 420 520/680 -20 40 S420N -
S420NL -50 27 S420NL -
S460N 460 550/720 -20 40 S460N 55C
S460NL -50 27 S460NL 55EE
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10113 : part 3 : 1993
EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 EN 10113 : part 3 : 1993
Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Grade
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) Temp (°C) Energy (J)
t = 16mm
S275M 275 370/510 -20 40 S275M
S275ML -50 27 S275ML
S355M 355 470/630 -20 40 S355M
S355ML -50 27 S355ML
S420M 420 520/680 -20 40 S420M
S420ML -50 27 S420ML
S460M 460 550/720 -20 40 S460M
S460ML -50 27 S460ML
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
Table 2
EN 10025 : part 3 : 2004 Normalised/normalised rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
Table 3
EN 10025 : part 4 : 2004 Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
7. Grades, properties and nearest equivalents
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10137 : part 2 : 1996 and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 EN 10137 : part 2 : 1996 BS 4360 : 1990
Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Grade Grade
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) Temp (°C) 1
Energy (J)
t = 16mm
S460Q 460 550/720 0 40 S460Q -
S460QL 0 50 S460QL -
S460QL1 0 60 S460QL1 55F
S500Q 500 590/770 0 40 S500Q -
S500QL 0 50 S500QL -
S500QL1 0 60 S500QL1 -
S550Q 550 640/820 0 40 S550Q -
S550QL 0 50 S550QL -
S550QL1 0 60 S550QL1 -
S620Q 620 700/890 0 40 S620Q -
S620QL 0 50 S620QL -
S620QL1 0 60 S620QL1 -
S690Q 690 770/940 0 40 S690Q -
S690QL 0 50 S690QL -
S690QL1 0 60 S690QL1 -
S890Q 890 940/1100 0 40 S890Q -
S890QL 0 50 S890QL -
S890QL1 0 60 S890QL1 -
S960Q 960 980/1150 0 40 S960Q -
S960QL 0 50 S960QL -
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
Note
1 Other impact temperatures can be specified.
Comparison between grades in EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 and nearest equivalent versions in EN 10155 : 1993 and BS 4360 : 1990
EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 EN 10155 : 1993 BS 4360 : 1990
Grade Yield (Reh) min Tensile (Rm) Charpy V-notch longitudinal Grade Grade
Strength at t = 16mm (MPa) Temp (°C) Energy (J)
t = 16mm
S235J0W 235 360/510 0 27 S235J0W -
S235J2W -20 27 S235J2W -
S355J0WP 355 470/630 0 27 S355J0WP WR50A
S355J2WP -20 27 S355J2WP -
S355J0W 355 470/630 0 27 S355J0W WR50B
S355J2W -20 27 S355J2W WR50C
S355K2W -20 40 S355K2W WR50D
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
European structural steel standard EN 10025 : 2004 7
Table 5
EN 10025 : part 6 : 2004 Flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
Table 4
EN 10025 : part 5 : 2004 Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance - also known as
weathering steels
8. Care has been taken to ensure that this
information is accurate, but Corus Group plc,
including its subsidiaries, does not accept
responsibility or liability for errors or
information which is found to be misleading.
Copyright 2004
Corus
Designed and produced by
Orchard Corporate Ltd.
www.corusgroup.com
Sales office and headquarters:
Corus Construction & Industrial
PO Box 1
Brigg Road
Scunthorpe
DN16 1BP
United Kingdom
T +44 (0) 1724 404040
F +44 (0) 1724 405600
For Construction related enquiries:
Corus Construction & Industrial
Technical Sales & Marketing
PO Box 1
Brigg Road
Scunthorpe
DN16 1BP
United Kingdom
T +44 (0) 1724 405060
F +44 (0) 1724 404224
Literature hotline:
T +44 (0) 1724 404400
F +44 (0) 1724 404433
For plates technical enquiries and
customer support:
Corus Construction & Industrial
Plates Technical Advisory Services
PO Box 1
Brigg Road
Scunthorpe
DN16 1BP
United Kingdom
T +44 (0) 1724 402106
F +44 (0) 1724 381949
NB:1000:UK:12/2004