This ppt shows the Part B of the module 1 'Introduction to secondary and senior secondary education in India' in the paper - MED 12.1 CONTEXT AND ISSUES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION comes in the 3rd semester of M.Ed course under University of Calicut.

1. MODULE 1.
Introduction to Secondary and
Senior Secondary Education in India
Part B
Dr. Shilna V

2. Structure of Secondary and Senior Secondary
Education in India
• Classes IX and XII constitute the secondary stage
• classes XI and XII are designated as the senior secondary stage
• The final two years of secondary education is often called higher
secondary education or +2 stage
• The normal age group of the children in secondary and senior
secondary classes are 14-16 years and 16-18 years respectively

3. Status of Secondary and Senior Secondary
Education
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
• launched in 2009
• to augment access to good quality secondary education
• promised “universal access to secondary level education by 2017
and achieving universal retention by 2020”
Despite significant economic growth and achievements in
the education sector, this objective remained far-fetched
(Tilak 2020)

4. Status of Secondary and Senior Secondary
Education
NEP 2023
• India’s latest National Education Policy
• released in 2020
• envisaged a holistic vision for school education
• emphasised the need to make access to quality and equitable
education universal across all levels – from pre-primary to
higher secondary – by 2030

5. Current status of secondary education
• Transition from secondary to higher secondary grades
• the transition rate from grade 10 to 11 ----73% (2020-21)
• the transition rate from grade 8 to 9------91%
• Dropout rates
• enrolled at the secondary level----------14.6%
• enrolled at the upper-primary level------1.9%
• enrolled at the primary level-------------0.8%

6. Current status of secondary education
• Unified District Information System for Education-Plus (UDISE-Plus), during
2020-21
• The national gross enrolment rate (GER)
• Secondary (grades 9 and 10) --------------80%
• Higher secondary (grades 11 and 12) -------54%
• Elementary level -------------------------99%
• The net enrolment ratio (NER)
• Secondary (grades 9 and 10) --------------53%
• Higher secondary (grades 11 and 12) -------35%
• Elementary level -------------------------92%

7. • there are wide variations across states in NER
• NER at the higher secondary level in Bihar was 18%
• those in Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh were 47% and 57%
respectively in 2020-21
• currently more than half of the children between the ages of 14
and 17 are unable to access secondary education in India
Current status of secondary education

8. Issues of secondary education
• limited physical accessibility of secondary schools
• especially for children from economically disadvantaged
backgrounds in rural and remote areas who are more dependent on
the public education system
• National sample Survey (NSS) revealed that, during 2017-18
secondary education costs far higher than elementary education
• Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), during 2020-21
• engagement in work to supplement household income cited by 31% of
children
• stayed away from school to attend to domestic chores by 25% of children
• 18% thought that education was not necessary

9. • Inadequate public investment in school education
• Larger investments are also needed to incorporate skill
development through vocational education at the secondary
level, as envisaged by NEP 2020
• unavailability of an adequate number of qualified and trained
teachers, school infrastructure facilities, and a solid regulatory
mechanism with an efficient monitoring system
Issues of secondary education