The document provides an overview of India's education sector, including: 1) India has a large formal education system with over 224 million students enrolled across primary, secondary, and higher education levels. 2) The education system faces challenges like high dropout rates, lack of access to education in rural areas, and uneven quality of education. 3) The government has launched various schemes to boost literacy, reduce dropout rates, increase access to education, and improve quality across all levels of education. Large budgets have been allocated to flagship programs.

2. EDUCATION SECTOR

3. INDIA...an overview India is 7 th largest nation by geographical area. It is 2 nd most populous nation in the world. India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. Gained independence from British rule in 1947 It has a history extending 5000 years.

4. Contd… Pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. Indian constitution recognizes 23 official languages. India has GDP of US $ 4.042 trillion. Per capita income is $3700 per year and the wealth distribution is very uneven. 46% of the Indian children suffered from malnutrition. India has a literacy rate of 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).

6. EDUCATION IN INDIA The Gurukul system of education is the oldest educational systems. Nalanda is the oldest established university. The current system of education was introduced and founded by the British in the 20 th century. India is facing challenges in primary education. Compulsory Primary Education has been a challenge. Drop-out rate is very high due to economic reasons.

7. Contd…. All levels of education are overseen by the Department of School Education and Literacy and the Department of Higher Education. India has a large formal education system with a target group (6-24 years of age) of 411 million in 2003 (40% of Indian population) that is ever growing. The total number of enrolment in educational institutions was 224 million, with about 6.2 million teachers.

8. Contd… The Department of Higher Education has established various Colleges and Universities. In India over 130000 students graduate in Engineering and another 65000 with MBAs every year.

9. FRAMEWORK OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Constitution of India has various provisions for education Fundamental Rights Right to education for all. Prohibition of discrimination . Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. Directive Principles of state policy Provisions for free and compulsory education for children up to age 14 year. Provision for early childhood care and education for children below the age of six years. Promotion of educational and economic interests of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections.

10. Contd… Establishment of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. Decision regarding the organization and structure of education are largely the concern of the states and the union territories. Stages of education in India Schooling - Primary, Middle/Secondary and Higher Secondary (6-18 years of age) College and University - Professional/Non-Professional degree and diploma (18-24+ years of age) National Policy on Education (NPE), 1968 and 1986 formulated uniform pattern of school education with the 10+2 system. Member of the World EFA (Education for All) Forum, South Asian Regional EFA Forum and the E-9 initiatives of the UNESCO.

11. INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL POLICIES Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Holistic and integrated approach that focuses on health, psychological and nutritional development. Implementation of the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) program. Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) Universal Access Universal enrolment of all children. Provision for school drop-outs, working children. Universal Retention Reduction of drop-out rates between classes I-V and I-VIII from existing 36.3% and 56.5% in 1994 to 20% and 40% respectively

12. Improvement in quality Additional schooling facilities for primary children Minimum Levels of Learning standards set for the primary school children. Teacher capacity building National Literacy Mission (NLM) Targets literacy of non-literates in the 15-35 age group. Facilities for skill development to improve economic status and well-being. Establishment of Continuing Education Centers Language Policy in Indian Education Medium of instruction is English, Hindi or a regional language. The examinations can be taken in the medium of instruction followed. Study of one or two additional languages in addition to the medium of instruction. Science and Social Sciences instructions and books are usually in English so many students prefer to select English as medium of instruction in urban and semi-urban areas.

13. Stages of Education in India S. No Stage Classes / Duration (with exceptions, if any) Corresponding Age Group of Students (Indicative) 1. School Stages I-XII 6 - 18 Years 1.1 Elementary I-VIII (I-VII a few States) 6 - 14 Years 1.1.1 Primary I - V (I - IV in a few States) 6 - 11 Years 1.1.2 Upper Primary VI - VIII (V - VII in a few States) 11 - 14 Years 1.2 Secondary IX - XII (VIII - XII in a few States) 14 - 18 Years 1.2.1 High School IX - X (VIII - X in a few States) (I - IV in a few States) 14 - 16 Years 1.1.2 Higher / Senior Sec. School XI - XII 16 - 18 Years

14. 2. Higher / University Education 18 - 24 Years * 2.1 Non-Professional (e.g. Humanities / Pure Sciences / Commerce) Degree Cources 2.1.1 Undergraduate 3 Years 2.1.2 Post-graduate 2 Years 2.2 Professional Degree / Diploma Courses Depends on the nature of the course

15. Size of the Indian Education System Total Enrolments in all Educational Institutions (School to University) 237 million Number of Educational Institutions Schools 1.29 million Colleges (2005-06) 20,769 Universities (as on 31.03.07) 350 (236 Universities + 101 Deemed Universities +13 Institutions of National Importance) Number of Teachers 6.5 million

16. 11 th Five Year Plan Education Sector

17. Overview Of Education sector in 11 th Five Year Plan Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12 Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality Increase literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more to 85% Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end of the plan

18. Highlights Of Budget For Education Sector Allocation of Rs 312.90 crore for setting up 6,000 model schools at block level. The school education has received a total of Rs 28,799.21 crore. The higher education has been allocated Rs 13,179 crore in the budget.

19. Contd… The Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrassas (SPQEM) has been given Rs 45 crore and the Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutions has received Rs 4.50 crore. To give a boost to girls’ education the National Scheme for Incentive to Girl Child for Secondary Education has been allocated Rs 45 crore. A total of Rs 6,545.11 crore has been earmarked for UGC as against Rs 5,482.36 crore in the revised estimate. A challenge for a country like India, with a vast, diverse and poor rural population to build literacy rates.

20. Funds Allocated to Education Sector(in crores)

21. Education Schemes in Budget for 2009 A number of Education schemes have been incorporated in the Indian Interim Budget for 2009, covering the Education Sector: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Higher Education (HE) Educational Loan Scheme (ELS) ITIs

22. Funds Allocated To Various Schemes

25. Negative Points : Allocation of various child welfare programmes as compared to previous years. "On issues of health, education, protection and nutrition, the children have either received less in 2009-10 or their share has remained the same," says the analysis. The total share of children in the interim budget has gone down sharply to only 4.32 per cent. The budgeted outlay of Rs.13,100 crore for SSA in 2009-10 remains the same as what had been budgeted for and spent in the current year. Mid-day Meals Scheme, the outlay remains exactly the same in both the years, Rs.8,000 crore.

26. POSITIVE POINTS: Child Development Scheme (ICDS), a 6.3 percent increase to Rs.6,705 crore. The total budgeted expenditure for child welfare schemes of the Department of Women and Child Development has gone up marginally to Rs.6,517 crore in 2009-10 from Rs.6,507 crore in 2008-09. the total budget for elementary education has seen a paltry increase of 0.45 percent in 2009-10 The outlay on higher education increased 9 fold in the Eleventh Five Year Plan also an ordinance promulgated for establishing 15 Central Universities.