This document discusses central tendency in statistics. It defines central tendency as a central or typical value for a probability distribution, with the most common measures being the mean, median, and mode. The mean is the sum of all values divided by the total number of values. The median is the middle value when data is ordered by size. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. Central tendency is important for finding representative values, making data more concise, enabling comparisons, and aiding further statistical analysis.

2. Dhananjay Singh
Rajan Jaiswal
Ansh Shukla
Mangesh Kumar Soni
Saujanya Bajpai
Roshni Chaurasiya

3. IN STATISTICS, A CENTRAL TENDENCY IS A CENTRAL VALUE OR A TYPICAL VALUE FOR A
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION.
IT IS OCCASIONALLY CALLED AN AVERAGE OR JUST THE CENTER OF THE
DISTRIBUTION.
 THE MOST COMMON MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ARE THE ARITHMETIC MEAN,
THE MEDIAN AND THE MODE.

4. IMPORTANCE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
 TO FIND REPRESENTATIVE VALUE
 TO MAKE MORE CONCISE DATA
 TO MAKE COMPARISONS
 HELPFUL IN FURTHER STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

5. • THE MEAN OF A SET OF VALUES OR MEASUREMENTS IS THE SUM OF ALL THE MEASUREMENTS DIVIDED BY
THE NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS IN THE SET.
• THE MEAN IS THE MOST POPULAR AND WIDELY USED. IT IS SOMETIMES CALLED THE ARITHMETIC MEAN.
•MEAN = SUM OF THE VALUES OF ALL OBSERVATIONS
TOTAL NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS

8.  IF WE GET THE MEAN OF THE SAMPLE, WE CALL IT THE SAMPLE MEAN AND IT IS DENOTED BY 𝑋 (READ “X
BAR”).
IF WE COMPUTE THE MEAN OF THE POPULATION, WE CALL IT THE PARAMETRIC OR POPULATION MEAN,
DENOTED BY 𝜇 (READ “MU”).

10. THE MEDIAN, DENOTED MD, IS THE MIDDLE VALUE OF THE SAMPLE WHEN THE DATA
ARE RANKED IN ORDER ACCORDING TO SIZE.
CONNOR HAS DEFINED AS “ THE MEDIAN IS THAT VALUE OF THE VARIABLE WHICH
DIVIDES THE GROUP INTO TWO EQUAL PARTS, ONE PART COMPRISING OF ALL VALUES
GREATER, AND THE OTHER, ALL VALUES LESS THAN MEDIAN”

11. IF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS (N) IS AN ODD NUMBER, THEN THE FORMULA IS GIVEN BELOW:
IF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF THE OBSERVATIONS (N) IS AN EVEN NUMBER, THEN THE FORMULA IS GIVEN
BELOW:

13. THE MODE, DENOTED MO, IS THE VALUE WHICH OCCURS MOST FREQUENTLY IN A SET
OF MEASUREMENTS OR VALUES. IN OTHER WORDS, IT IS THE MOST POPULAR VALUE IN
A GIVEN SET.
CROXTON AND COWDEN : DEFINED IT AS “THE MODE OF A DISTRIBUTION IS THE VALUE
AT THE POINT ARMED WITH THE ITEM TEND TO MOST HEAVILY CONCENTRATED. IT MAY
BE REGARDED AS THE MOST TYPICAL OF A SERIES OF VALUE”

15. DOUBT CLEARING SESSION ??