The document outlines Fitts and Posner's 3 stages of learning: cognitive, associative, and autonomous. In the cognitive stage, learners make many errors and struggle with coordination. In the associative stage, errors decrease as motor programs develop and learners can anticipate better. In the autonomous stage, skills become automatic and performance gains come slower through strategy refinement.

1. 1
3 Stages of Learning
Developed by Fitts and Posner
Beginning
or Novice
Intermediate
or Practice
Advanced or
Fine-tuning
Cognitive Associative Autonomous

2. 2
Cognitive Stage
Large # of Errors
Attention to every detail
of activity
Unable to screen out
irrelevant information
Inconsistent performance
Slow, jerky,
uncoordinated
Increase corrective
feedback
Use short verbal cues
Use demonstrations,
videotape, etc.
Lots of opportunities
to explore skill
Learner Characteristics Teacher Cues

3. 3
Associative Stage
Fewer errors
Motor program develops
Performer discovers
environmental regularities
Anticipation develops
Learns to monitor own
feedback
Distribute corrective
feedback
Stress correct fundamentals
Accommodate differences in
the rate of skill development
Lots of opportunity for
practice
Learner Characteristics Teacher Cues

4. 4
Autonomous Stage
Motor program become
units of action
Decreased attention
demands
Confidence increases,
self-talks shifts to
strategy
Performance gains are
slower
Focus on strategy
Work on mental focus
Develop learner
diagnosis of skill
Encourage, motivate,
support
Learner Characteristics Teacher Cues

5. 5
Performance Changes across the
Learning Stages
Change in the rate of improvement is faster
during the cognitive stage
CHANGES IN RATE OF IMPROVEMENT

6. 5
Performance Changes across the
Learning Stages
Change in the rate of improvement is faster
during the cognitive stage
CHANGES IN RATE OF IMPROVEMENT