The document outlines 3 stages of learning: cognitive (beginner), associative (practice), and autonomous (expert). The cognitive stage involves jerky movement, conscious thought, and trial and error learning. The associative stage focuses on practice, identifying mistakes, and forming motor programs. The autonomous stage involves fluid movement, little conscious thought, shorter information processing, and ability to analyze performances.

1. Stages of learning
Cognitive - Beginner
1. Movement is jerky/lacks fluency
2. Performer uses conscious thought/thinks about the
skill
3. Trial and error learning
4. Many mistakes made
Associative - Practice
1. Practice is important at this stage
2. performer begins to identify own mistakes
3. Movement is more flowing/less jerky
4. Motor programme can now be formed
5. Performer can use intrinsic feedback
6. Some attention can be focussed away from the skill
itself
7. Some performers never move beyond this stage
8. Demonstratiuons/Positive reinforcement are vital at
this stage
Autonomous - Expert
1. Movement is flowing/fluent
2. Little conscious thought/automatic
3. Information processing time is shorter
4. Strategies and tactics can be focussed
5. Performer is able to analyse their own performances
6. May drop into previous phase still
Feedback
7. Intrinsic, 8. Extrinsic concerning faults
9 Knowledge of results to help evaluate performance
10. Negative to detect and correct errors
11. Positive to reinforce correct technique